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Distribution ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

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Chile Central
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Comprehensive Description ( İngilizce )

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Cornus amomum Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8. Cornus no. 5. 1768
Cornus sericea L. Mant. 199, in part. 1771. (Nomen ambiguum.)
? Cornus cyanocarpus Moench, Verz. Ausl. Baume 27. 1785; Meth. 107. 1794. Not C. cyanocar-
pos J. F. Gmel. 1791. Cornus caerulea [? coerulea] Lam. Encyc. 2: 116. 1786. Cornus ferruginea Hort.; Lam. Encyc. 2: 116, as syn. 1786. Cornus rubiginosa Ehrh. Beitr. 4: 15. 1789. Cornus lanuginosa Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 92. 1803. Cornus sericea oblongifolia DC. Prodr. 4: 272. 1830. Cornus oblongifolia Raf.; DC. Prodr. 4: 272, as syn. 1830. Cornus sericea a ovatifolia C. Meyer, CoraKS-Arten 23. 1845. Cornus asperifolia Hort.; Dippel, Handb. Laubh. 3: 251, as syn. 1893. Not C. asperifolia Michx.
1803. Cornus cilrina Hort.; Dippel, Handb. Laubh. 3: 251, as syn. 1893. Cornus Amomum var. undulifolia Koehne, Mitt. Deuts. Dendr. Ges. 12: 48. 1903. Svida Amomum Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 854. 1903.
Spreading shrubs, the branches sometimes procumbent and rooting; branchlets whiteor ferruginous-tomentose with short trichomes, sometimes sparsely so, becoming glabrous, at first green, becoming dark red, the pith dark brown; leaf-blades 5-12 cm. long, 2.5-6 cm. broad, lanceolate to elliptic or ovate, abruptly acuminate, broadly cuneate or rounded at the base, sparsely strigillose above, becoming glabrous, paler beneath and pubescent with usually mingled appressed forked and erect curling trichomes, these white or more commonly ferruginous especially on the veins, not papillose; veins commonly 4-6 on either side of the midrib, 3-5 arising from its basal half; petioles 1-2 cm. long; inflorescence 4-6 cm. across, generally flat, the usually 3 or 4 primary branches clustered, the peduncle and branches short-tomentose to villose with white or ferruginous trichomes; pedicels mostly 2-5 mm. long; sepals nearly 2 mm. long, longer than the white-strigillose or villose hypanthium, villose; petals 4-5 mm. long; style 3-3.5 mm. long, conspicuously dilated beneath the small stigma; drupes blue, about 8 mm. in diameter, the endocarp 5-6 mm. long and broad, often slightly compressed, obscurely or strongly 3-ridged on each face, commonly 1 -seeded with an empty locule.
Type locality: Presumably the Apothecaries' Garden at Chelsea. London.
Distribution: New England to Pennsylvania and in the mountains to Georgia and Alabama, west to Kentucky, Tennessee, and Mississippi.
bibliyografik atıf
Albert Charles Smith, Mildred Esther Mathias, Lincoln Constance, Harold William Rickett. 1944-1945. UMBELLALES and CORNALES. North American flora. vol 28B. New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY

Seidenhaariger Hartriegel ( Almanca )

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Der Seidenhaarige Hartriegel (Cornus amomum)[1] ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung Hartriegel (Cornus) in der Familie der Hartriegelgewächse (Cornaceae). Der Strauch wächst im östlichen Nordamerika, wo er als „silky dogwood“ bezeichnet wird, als deutscher Name wird entsprechend Seidenhaariger Hartriegel benutzt. Die Art ist benannt nach der indischen Gewürzpflanzen-Gattung Amomum (Zingiberaceae) und wurde 1768 von Philip Miller beschrieben.[2]

Beschreibung

Es ist ein Strauch, der Wuchshöhen von einem bis vier Metern erreicht. Seine Zweige sind ausgebreitet bis bogig überhängend, wo sie den Boden berühren, können sie Wurzeln bilden. Aus den Wurzeln treiben auch zahlreiche Ausläufer, so dass an geeigneten Standorten schnell ausgedehnte Dickichte entstehen.

Die jungen Zweige sind besonders im Winter dunkelrot, im Schatten auch grünlich, ältere Zweige färben sich langsam grau-grün. Das Mark ist rosa bis hellbraun gefärbt, ein Unterscheidungsmerkmal zum Seidigen Hartriegel (Cornus sericea) mit weißem Mark. Junge Zweige tragen eine graue Behaarung.

Die gegenständigen Laubblätter sind fünf bis zehn Zentimeter lang, oberseits stumpf grün, unterseits heller, beim Austrieb grau behaart. Die Blattadern sind zur Blattspitze hin gebogen. Im Herbst färben sich die Blätter vor dem Laubfall braun.

Die gelblich-weißen Blüten stehen in Trugdolden, Blütezeit ist etwa von Juni bis Juli. Die entstehende Steinfrucht ist blau-grau gefärbt, sonnenseits oft heller bis weiß. Die blaue Frucht wird hauptsächlich durch Vögel verbreitet, aber auch verschiedene Säugetiere fressen sie.

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Seidenhaariger Hartriegel (Cornus amomum)
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Seidenhaariger Hartriegel (Cornus amomum)

Verbreitung

Cornus amomum ist vom südöstlichen Kanada über die ganze Ostküste der USA verbreitet, im Südosten allerdings nicht sehr häufig. Er wächst dort auf gut mit Wasser und Nährstoffen versorgten Böden, an Bächen und in Sümpfen. Er erträgt auch sehr schattige Standorte.

Verwendung

In der freien Landschaft nutzt man das rasche Wachstum und die wurzelnden Ausläufer, um Bodenerosion zu vermeiden. In Nordamerika wird Cornus amomum verwendet, um gestörte Flächen an Bächen zu befestigen.

Die innere Rinde wurde früher zusammen mit anderen Kräutern geraucht, diese Mischung wird als „Kinnikinnik“ bezeichnet.

Systematik

Die Abgrenzung zu ähnlichen Arten wie Cornus sericea ist schwierig. Cornus obliqua wird besser als Unterart von Cornus amomum angesehen:

  • Cornus amomum subsp. amomum (Syn.: Cornus sericea var. schuetzeana C.A.Mey., Cornus amomum var. schuetzeana (C.A.Mey.) Rickett): Sie kommt in den zentralen und östlichen Vereinigten Staaten vor.[3]
  • Cornus amomum subsp. obliqua (Raf.) J.S.Wilson (Syn.: Cornus obliqua Raf.) Sie kommt vom südöstlichen Kanada bis zu den nördlich-zentralen und östlichen Vereinigten Staaten vor.[3]

Einzelnachweise

  1. Robert Zander: Zander. Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen. Hrsg. von Walter Erhardt, Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold. 16. Auflage. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-5080-8.
  2. P. Miller: The gardeners dictionary. 8. Auflage. London 1768, S. 5.
  3. a b Rafaël Govaerts (Hrsg.): Cornus - World Checklist of Selected Plant Families des Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Zuletzt eingesehen am 25. Oktober 2018.
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Seidenhaariger Hartriegel: Brief Summary ( Almanca )

wikipedia DE tarafından sağlandı

Der Seidenhaarige Hartriegel (Cornus amomum) ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung Hartriegel (Cornus) in der Familie der Hartriegelgewächse (Cornaceae). Der Strauch wächst im östlichen Nordamerika, wo er als „silky dogwood“ bezeichnet wird, als deutscher Name wird entsprechend Seidenhaariger Hartriegel benutzt. Die Art ist benannt nach der indischen Gewürzpflanzen-Gattung Amomum (Zingiberaceae) und wurde 1768 von Philip Miller beschrieben.

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Cornus amomum ( İngilizce )

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Cornus amomum, the silky dogwood, is a species of dogwood native to the eastern United States, from Michigan and Vermont south to Alabama and Florida.[2] Other names include red willow, silky cornel, kinnikinnick, and squawbush.[3]

Description

Shrub.

Cornus amomum is a deciduous shrub growing to 5 m (16+12 ft) tall. The leaves are opposite, up to 10 cm (4 in) long and 7 cm (2+34 in) broad, oval with an acute apex. The flowers are produced in cymes. The fruit is a small blue drupe. Cornus amomum usually blooms between May and June, producing four-petalled showy yellowish white flowers. Cornus amomum leaves are rusty brown and pubescent,[4] occurring opposite from one another and usually having between 4 and 5 veins per leaf side.[5] If Cornus amomum is left unattended it will grow to create thickets and thick vegetative areas.

Taxonomy

Silky dogwood is usually included in the dogwood genus Cornus as Cornus amomum Mill., although it is sometimes segregated in a separate genus as Swida amomum (Mill.) Small. The more northerly-occurring Cornus obliqua was formerly included in this species as Cornus amomum subsp. obliqua (Raf.) J.S. Wilson, but is now generally recognized as a distinct species.

Etymology

Cornus in Latin means horn, describing the dogwood's hard wood. Amomum in Latin means eastern spice.

Distribution and habitat

Cornus amomum is a native eastern North American shrub, finding suitable habitat in wetland areas like swamps, marshes, and bogs. The distribution of the shrub also extends west past the Mississippi river to the eastern borders of Kansas, Nebraska, and parts of northern Oklahoma. Cornus amomum is only found within the U.S. while other species such as the Cornus obliqua can be found in Canada.[6] Cornus amomum prefers partial shade but can tolerate full sun.[7] When planted, the use of organic materials to maintain a wet environment will help the shrub when insufficient water is present. Cornus amomum grows near or around creeks or water systems.[4] Cornus amomum can be found in the following states: West Virginia, Virginia, Vermont, South Carolina, Maine, Kentucky, Iowa, Indiana, Illinois, Georgia, Florida, District of Columbia, Delaware, Connecticut, Alabama, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island. Cornus amomum has been found at elevations from 0 feet to 1500 feet of elevation.[1]

Conservation

Based on the IUCN Red List classification, The conservation status of Cornus amomum is a Least Concern plant.[1] While Cornus amomum is recognized as Least Concern across the eastern parts of North America, Indiana has Cornus amomum ranked as an endangered plant throughout the state.[8]

Ecology

Fruit.

Cornus amomum is primarily used by song birds, insects and rodents for its fruits which are produced in summer. Land dwelling mammals such as white-tailed deer and elk feast on the fruit as well. Cornus amomum uses the animals as a method of seed dispersal. As Cornus amomum fruit decay, fruitivores tend to pick only the ripe fruit and seeds, which destroy good seeds that would otherwise be dropped and grow.[9] Cornus amomum has been marked as a pollinator plant, supporting and attracting bees, butterflies, and flies. It is a host plant for butterflies, providing food during their larval stage. [10]

Uses

The dogwood family is desired for ornamental uses in landscapes across the United States. Dogwoods are valued by gardeners for their spring flowers, summer foliage, fruit and leaf color.[5] Each species of dogwood has their own unique look, Cornus amomum is a shrub which can be used in places of excess runoff or areas of water collection in a landscape as it thrives in moist to wet soil conditions. The shrub provides beautiful colors throughout the spring, summer and fall. Cornus amomum has also been used in the outdoors to help with erosion control along slopes and steep inclines, it can be planted by farmers and landowners to provide a windbreaks for homes and agriculture fields, its uses can include building natural borders between land and for wildlife conservation, and it can be used to provide habitat for many types of wildlife.[11] Finally, Cornus amomum can minimize stream bank erosion and add stabilization along bank when coupled together with other well rooted trees and shrubs like willows. Some problems can arise from the use of Cornus amomum as a natural border, mostly as a border for wildlife and livestock. While the shrubs create a useful barrier, grazing wildlife and livestock tend to damage much of the shrub when the fruit are ripe. Other than that, there are no impending diseases or pest which would pose any sort of problem for the shrub.

References

  1. ^ a b c Stritch, L. (2021) [amended version of 2018 assessment]. "Cornus amomum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T130047059A208666439. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T130047059A208666439.en. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
  2. ^ "Cornus amomum". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 29 December 2017.
  3. ^ Nowick, Elaine (2014). Historical common names of Great Plains plants, with scientific names index. ISBN 9781609620585.
  4. ^ a b "Cornus amomum - Plant Finder". www.missouribotanicalgarden.org. Retrieved 2018-12-07.
  5. ^ a b Paul., Cappiello (2005). Dogwoods : the genus Cornus. Shadow, Don. Portland, Or.: Timber Press. ISBN 978-0881926798. OCLC 56334031.
  6. ^ "Plants Profile for Cornus amomum (silky dogwood)". plants.sc.egov.usda.gov. Retrieved 2018-12-07.
  7. ^ "Cornus amomum Mill. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org. Retrieved 2018-12-07.
  8. ^ "DNR: Endangered Plant and Wildlife Species". www.in.gov. Retrieved 2018-12-07.
  9. ^ Borowicz, Victoria A. (July 1988). "Do Vertebrates Reject Decaying Fruit? An Experimental Test with Cornus amomum Fruits". Oikos. 53 (1): 74–78. doi:10.2307/3565665. ISSN 0030-1299. JSTOR 3565665.
  10. ^ "Planting Guides" (PDF). Pollinator.org. Retrieved 2022-01-29.
  11. ^ "ePIC - Detailed results from IPNI for Cornus amomum". epic.kew.org. Retrieved 2018-12-07.

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Cornus amomum: Brief Summary ( İngilizce )

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Cornus amomum, the silky dogwood, is a species of dogwood native to the eastern United States, from Michigan and Vermont south to Alabama and Florida. Other names include red willow, silky cornel, kinnikinnick, and squawbush.

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Cornouiller odorant ( Fransızca )

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Le Cornouiller odorant (Cornus amomum Mill.) est une espèce d'arbustes caducs originaire du nord-est des États-Unis et du sud-ouest du Quebec.

Description

 src=
Baies du Cornouiller odorant

Il peut atteindre une taille de 3 × 3 m et est rustique jusqu'en zone 5. Son feuillage est vert clair et ses rameaux de couleur rouge.

Cette espèce affectionne les sols humides, berges et marécages aussi bien à l'ombre qu'en pleine lumière. Ses fruits sont des drupes blanches d'environ 8 mm de diamètre qui deviennent bleues à maturité.

Liste des sous-espèces

Selon World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) (9 déc. 2011)[1] :

  • sous-espèce Cornus amomum subsp. amomum
  • sous-espèce Cornus amomum subsp. obliqua (Raf.) J.S.Wilson (1965)

Synonymes

  • Swida amomum (Mill.) Small
  • Thelycrania amomum (Mill.) Pojark.

Utilisation

Les fruits sont comestibles mais sans grand intérêt gustatif. Les tribus amérindiennes du Middlewest le nommaient Kinnikinnik et fumaient son écorce en mélange avec du tabac et des feuilles de busserole.

Notes et références

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Cornouiller odorant: Brief Summary ( Fransızca )

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Le Cornouiller odorant (Cornus amomum Mill.) est une espèce d'arbustes caducs originaire du nord-est des États-Unis et du sud-ouest du Quebec.

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Cornus amomum ( Vietnamca )

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Cornus amomum là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Cornaceae. Loài này được Mill. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1768.[1]

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Cornus amomum. Truy cập ngày 15 tháng 9 năm 2013.

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Cornus amomum: Brief Summary ( Vietnamca )

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Cornus amomum là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Cornaceae. Loài này được Mill. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1768.

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