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Comments ( İngilizce )

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This species is usually grown as an ornamental. The wood is used as construction material, the leaves as animal feed, and the roots as medicine.
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Flora of China Vol. 11: 116 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Description ( İngilizce )

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Trees to 25 m tall or more. Bark exfoliating. Young branches with dark grayish brown lenticels. Leaves 15-60 cm or more; petiole and rachis cylindric, glabrous; leaflets 8-32, subopposite to alternate, apical 2 pairs opposite; petiolules 5-10 mm; leaflet blades basally on rachis ovate but apically on rachis oblong to elliptic, 7-17 × 3-6 cm, abaxially greenish white, adaxially dark green, secondary veins 9-14 on each side of midvein and prominent on both surfaces when dry, base broadly cuneate to ± rounded, margin entire, apex mucronate to acuminate. Thyrses shorter than leaves, glabrous. Sepals 4, distinct, oblong, ca. 1 mm. Petals 4, oblong to obovate, ca. 3 mm, glabrous. Staminal tube urceolate. Ovary ovoid, usually 4-locular, with amphitropous ovules. Capsule globose, woody, septifragal from apex when mature; pericarp thick. Seeds ellipsoid to suborbicular, broad, margin with a round membranous wing.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
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Flora of China Vol. 11: 116 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of China @ eFloras.org
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Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
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Habitat & Distribution ( İngilizce )

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Cultivated. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan [native to tropical Africa].
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
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Flora of China Vol. 11: 116 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Synonym ( İngilizce )

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Swietenia senegalensis Desrousseaux in Lamarck, Encycl. 3: 679. 1791.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliyografik atıf
Flora of China Vol. 11: 116 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of China @ eFloras.org
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Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
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Khaya senegalensis ( İngilizce )

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Khaya senegalensis, also known as Senegal mahogany, is a tree that grows to be about 30 meters high with a 3 meter girth (Gaoue, Ticktin, 2007: 425). Its bark is very rough, scaly and dark grey. The species also has a dense crown of leaves, which is high up on the tree. Its flowers are white and sweet-scented, and its fruit changes from a grey to a black as it ripens (Gaoue, Ticktin, 2007: 425).

Khaya senegalensis is native to central African countries (Nikles 2008: 34). The three main regions of this part of Africa are known as the Guineo-Congolean, Sudano-Guinean, and Sudanian regions (Gaoue & Ticktin, 2007: 425). The species can thrive from sea level up to 1800 meters in elevation. It is known to also thrive in a variety of different soils including dry deserts, forests, and higher-rainfall savannah woodlands. It is also very resistant to flooding and is sometimes considered for planting on swampy soils. It is tolerant to rainfall of up to 1750mm, however it can survive in dry areas (Nikles, Bevege, Dickinson, Griffifths, Riley, & Lee, 2008: 34). The Sudano-Guinean woodland region is comparably wetter, with a rainfall of 1100-1300mm, than the dry Sudanian region in the savannah that has a rainfall of 800-1100mm (Gaoue & Ticktin, 2008: 35). The more environmentally stressful region of Sudan yields fewer fruit and seeds from its trees when compared to the less stressful region of Sudano-Guinean (Gaoue & Ticktin, 2008: 37).

This species is listed as vulnerable because of harvesting for timber, fuel, dyes, tannins, fodder, and medicinal uses (World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 1998; Gaoue & Ticktin, 2008: 34-35).). Khaya senegalensis bark is used to treat malaria, intestinal diseases, and anemia (Gaoue & Ticktin, 2008: 34-35). The bark also feeds many African native’s cattle, and the whole tree can be cut down for lumber (Gaoue & Ticktin, 2008: 34). The bark is also believed to cure some livestock diseases (Gaoue & Ticktin, 2007: 425). Livestock is a main source of income for West African Fulani (Gaoue & Ticktin, 2008, 2009: 34, 425). Fulani also gain income by selling milk from their livestock, and to increase milk production they feed their livestock Khaya senegalensis leaves (Gaoue & Ticktin, 2009: 258). Khaya senegalensis is illegally harvested by commercial companies for lumber (Gaoue & Ticktin, 2007: 425).

A study was conducted in the Republic of Benin in West Africa to quantify harvest patterns (Gaoue & Ticktin, 2007: 425). Density of Khaya senegalensis also changes depending on region and harvest intensity (Gaoue & Ticktin, 2007: 431). In both the region of Sudanian and Sudano-Guinean, all of the trees in the largest size-classes were harvested (Gaoue & Ticktin, 2007: 428). Of the high harvest populations in both the Sudanian and Sudano-Guinean regions the percentage of trees pruned was 58%, the percentage of debarked trees was 18%, and the percentage of trees pruned and debarked was 13% (Gaoue & Ticktin, 2007: 428). Of the low harvest populations of the Sudanian and Sudano-Guinean regions the percentage of trees pruned was 5%, the percentage of trees debarked was 10%, and the percentage of trees pruned and debarked was 13% (Gaoue & Ticktin, 2007: 428). Local harvesters prefer to debark larger trees, with most trees being harvested for 50% or more of their trunk bark (Gaoue & Ticktin, 2007: 430). Partially debarked trunks recovered and regrew half of the wound, unlike a tree that has been debarked across its entire circumference; which are known as ringbarked trees (Gaoue & Ticktin, 2007: 428). The removal of bark exposes the internal structures of the species which could lead to fungal attacks, parasitic attacks, and severe dryness (Gaoue & Ticktin, 2008: 35).

High harvest rates across the Guineo-Congolean, Sudano-Guinean, and Sudanian regions of West Africa affect the reproduction rates of this species and can decrease fruit and seed production (Gaoue & Ticktin, 2008: 34). Percentage of fruiting trees varied from each region and its harvest intensity (Gaoue & Ticktin, 2007: 45). In the Sudanian region, high harvest locations had about 25% fruiting trees and low harvest locations had about 32% (Gaoue & Ticktin, 2008: 45). In the Sudanian-Guinean region, high harvest locations had about 5% fruiting trees, and low harvest locations had about 32% (Gaoue & Ticktin, 2008: 45).

Now that Fulani harvesters are noticing a decrease in population, these people are choosing to harvest smaller trees (Gaoue & Ticktin, 2007, 2008: 39, 430). This choice in smaller trees prevents the high risk involved with climbing and harvesting bark (Gaoue & Ticktin; 2009: 258). Pruning requires skill and experience because of the difficulty involved to climb Khaya senegalensis (Gaoue & Ticktin, 2007: 432).

Fulani have kept the tradition of leaving the top branches of the tree unpruned, which they call “sopoodu”, in order for the tree to continue to reproduce and grow (Gaoue & Ticktin, 2007b: 433). About 75-99% of the Khaya senegalensis population has “sopoodu” in Benin (Gaoue & Ticktin, 2007: 433). Fulani believe that pruning and harvesting increases quality and quantity of leaves produced (Gaoue & Ticktin, 2009: 260). Although the Fulani believe that protecting this tree is important, they do not believe that the level of harvesting will decrease because of the many helpful uses it provides to the people of Benin (Gaoue & Ticktin, 2009: 260). This species, with a vulnerable status, could be saved by passing down the tradition of leaving “sopoodu” on the tree after harvesting and planting new trees around native’s homes (RedList, 2014, Gaoue & Ticktin, 2007: 433). Fulani also state that populations are decreasing because of international logging pressure for use of furniture, trim, plywood, decorative pieces, and boatbuilding (TheWoodDatabase 2015; Gaoue & Ticktin, 2007: 39).

Some areas protect the species by only allowing restricted access to the area and use of its resources. For example, conservation of Khaya senegalensis is becoming a priority in Kainji Lake National Park, Nigeria (Amusa, 2010: 182).

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Khaya senegalensis ( Asturyasça )

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Khaya senegalensis, ye una especie botánica d'árboles perteneciente a la familia Meliaceae.

Descripción

Ye un árbol de tamañu medianu que puede algamar ente 15 y 30 metros d'altor y 1 metro de diámetru. El color de la corteza componer d'un gris escuru a un pigmentu de color gris-marrón, ente que'l duramen ye de color marrón con un pigmentu de color rosa-colloráu compuestu por granos enxareyaos. K. Senegalensis caracterizar poles fueyes dispuestes en forma d'espiral arrexuntaes a la fin de les cañes, xuntu con blanques y golioses flores y frutes que camuden de gris a negru cuando madura.

Hábitat

Khaya senegalensis atopar nos montes riberanos y dientro de los montes de mayor precipitación de la sabana, nes rexones húmedes qu'atopó nun terrén más altu. Nel so primer añu, la plántula desenvuelve un sistema radical fondu siendo una de les más resistentes a la seca de les especies de Khaya.

Distribución

Distribúise per Benín, Burkina Fasu, Camerún, República Centroafricana, Chad, Costa de Marfil, Gabón, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bisáu, Malí, Níxer, Nixeria, nel norte d'Australia, Senegal, Sierra Lleona, Sudán, Togu y Uganda. Ta tratada en peligru d'estinción pola perda d'hábitat.

Usos

La madera de Khaya senegalensis utilizar pa una variedá de propósitos. De cutiu utilízase convencionalmente pa carpintería, acabaos interiores y la construcción. Tradicionalmente, la madera foi utilizada pa canoes cavaes, implementos pal llar, y pa lleña. La corteza de sabor amargoso de Khaya senegalensis utilizar pa una variedá de propósitos médicos, asina, tomar contra la fiebre causada pola malaria, dolores d'estómagu, y dolores de cabeza. Aplícase externamente pa curar erupciones na piel, mancaes o cualquier anormalidá. Khaya senegalensis foi esportáu dende África Occidental (Gambia) a Europa dende la primer metá del sieglu 19 y foi esplotáu en gran midida pola so madera. Anguaño l'árbol utilízase más a nivel llocal, y llántase como un árbol ornamental al llau de la carretera.

Imáxenes

Taxonomía

Khaya senegalensis describióse por (Desr.) A.Juss. y espublizóse en Mémoires du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle 19: 250. 1830.[2]

Sinonimia
  • Swietenia senegalensis Desv. [3]

Ver tamién

Referencies

Bibliografía

  1. AFPD. 2008. African Flowering Plants Database - Base de Donnees des Plantes a Fleurs D'Afrique.
  2. Anonymous. 1986. List-Based Rec., Soil Conserv. Serv., O.S.D.A. Database of the O.S.D.A., Beltsville.
  3. Flora of China Editorial Committee. 1988-2013. Fl. China Unpaginated. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
  4. Leroy, J. F. 1958. Contributions a l'etude des forets de Madagascar, I. les acajous de Madagascar (Khaya et Neobeguea). J.A.T.B.A. 5: 593–595.

Enllaces esternos

Cymbidium Clarisse Austin 'Best Pink' Flowers 2000px.JPG Esta páxina forma parte del wikiproyeutu Botánica, un esfuerciu collaborativu col fin d'ameyorar y organizar tolos conteníos rellacionaos con esti tema. Visita la páxina d'alderique del proyeutu pa collaborar y facer entrugues o suxerencies.
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Khaya senegalensis: Brief Summary ( Asturyasça )

wikipedia AST tarafından sağlandı
Khaya senegalensis

Khaya senegalensis, ye una especie botánica d'árboles perteneciente a la familia Meliaceae.

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Khaya senegalensis ( Almanca )

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Khaya senegalensis (Syn.: Swietenia senegalensis Desr.), im Deutschen auch als „Afrikanisches Mahagoni“ bezeichnet, ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Familie der Mahagonigewächse (Meliaceae).

Verbreitung und Gefährdung

Das Areal von Khaya senegalensis im subsaharischen Afrika reicht vom Senegal bis in den Sudan. Khaya senegalensis kommt in Benin, Burkina Faso, Kamerun, in der Zentralafrikanischen Republik, im Tschad, der Elfenbeinküste, in Gabun, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, im Sudan, in Togo, und Uganda vor.

Khaya senegalensis ist auf der Roten Liste der IUCN als „vulnerable“ = „gefährdet“ geführt[1], gilt aber andererseits im westlichen Australien als invasive Art[2].

Beschreibung

Bei Khaya senegalensis handelt sich um meist immergrüne Bäume, die Wuchshöhen von bis zu 35 Meter erreichen. Die Borke ist braun-grau und schuppig.

Die wechselständigen, schraubigen Laubblätter an den Zweigenden sind paarig gefiedert, mit drei bis sechs Paaren Fiederblättchen, die ganzrandig, glänzend und kahl sind. Die leicht ledrigen Blättchen sind kurz gestielt und eiförmig oder -lanzettlich bis verkehrt-eiförmig bis -eilanzettlich oder länglich und an der Spitze meist bespitzt. Sie sind etwa 6–14 Zentimeter lang. Nebenblätter fehlen.

Khaya senegalensis ist einhäusig monözisch. Die achsel- oder endständigen, rispigen Blütenstände sind etwa 20 cm lang. Die duftenden, kurz gestielten Blüten sind eingeschlechtlich, sehr ähnlich und vierzählig mit doppelter Blütenhülle. Die kleinen Kelchblätter sind grün mit rundlichen Lappen. Die vier bis fünf, bootförmigen Kronblätter sind weiß bis cremefarben. Die cremefarbenen bis leicht rötlichen, etwa 8 Staubblätter sind jeweils zu einer urnenförmigen, oben gezähnten Röhre verwachsen, die Antheren sitzen innen und oben in der Röhre.[3] Der vierkammerige Fruchtknoten ist oberständig und die scheibenförmige Narbe ist gelb. Bei den männlichen Blüten ist ein Pistillode und bei den weiblichen sind Staminodien mit Antheroden ausgebildet. Es ist jeweils ein kissenförmiger Diskus vorhanden.

Die holzige, raue, schorfige, grau-bräunliche und vierklappige, rundliche, vielsamige Kapselfrucht ist etwa 4–8 cm lang und dickschalig. Die etwa 2–2,5 Zentimeter langen, abgeflachten und etwa eiförmigen bis elliptischen, bräunlichen Samen sind median knapp geflügelt.

 src=
Die Borke wird medizinisch genutzt
 src=
Kapselfrucht von Khaya senegalensis
 src=
Samen von Khaya senegalensis

Nutzung

Khaya senegalensis ist ein wichtiges Nutzholz, das als „Afrikanisches Mahagoni“ vermarktet wird und lokal als Bauholz, für Kunsthandwerk und zur Herstellung von Booten und Mörsern genutzt wird. Während der französischen Kolonialherrschaft wurde diese Art in vielen westafrikanischen Ländern als schattengebender Straßenbaum gepflanzt. Es gibt auch zahlreiche medizinische Nutzungen.[3]

Aus den Samen kann ein Speiseöl erhalten werden.

Die Blätter, die Rinde, Wurzeln und die Samen werden auch medizinisch verwendet.

Quellen

Einzelnachweise

  1. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2006. Khaya senegalensis.
  2. PIER - Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk.
  3. a b Michel Arbonnier: Arbres, arbustes et lianes des zones sèches d'Afrique de l'Ouest. CIRAD. Montpellier 2000, ISBN 2-87614-431-X.
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Khaya senegalensis: Brief Summary ( Almanca )

wikipedia DE tarafından sağlandı

Khaya senegalensis (Syn.: Swietenia senegalensis Desr.), im Deutschen auch als „Afrikanisches Mahagoni“ bezeichnet, ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Familie der Mahagonigewächse (Meliaceae).

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Maɗaci ( Hausaca )

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Maɗaci (máɗààcíí; jam'i: maɗatai, mààɗààtái) (Khaya senegalensis) itace ne.[1]

Manazarta

  1. Blench, Roger (2007). Hausa names for trees and plants. Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.
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Maɗaci: Brief Summary ( Hausaca )

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Maɗaci (máɗààcíí; jam'i: maɗatai, mààɗààtái) (Khaya senegalensis) itace ne.

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Khaya senegalensis ( İngilizce )

wikipedia EN tarafından sağlandı

Khaya senegalensis is a species of tree in the Meliaceae family that is native to Africa. Common names include African mahogany, dry zone mahogany, Gambia mahogany, khaya wood, Senegal mahogany, cailcedrat, acajou, djalla, and bois rouge.

Description

Mature tree next to Fanling Station

African mahogany is a fast-growing medium-sized tree which can obtain a height of up to 15–30 m in height and 1 m in diameter. The bark is dark grey to grey-brown while the heartwood is brown with a pink-red pigment made up of coarse interlocking grains. The tree is characterised by leaves arranged in a spiral formation clustered at the end of branches. The white flowers are sweet-scented; the fruit changes from grey to black when ripening.

Distribution and habitat

The tree is native to Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Ivory Coast, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Togo, and Uganda. It is found in riparian forests and higher-rainfall savannah woodlands; in moist regions it is found on higher ground. Within its first year, the seedling develops a deep root system that makes it the most drought resistant member of its genus.

Uses

K. senegalensis has been extensively studied for trypanocidal activity. Atawodi et al 2003, Wurochekke and Nok 2004, Mikail 2009, Aderbauer et al 2008, Umar et al 2010, Adeiza et al 2010, Ibrahim et al 2008, and Ibrahim et al 2013a investigate extracts of stem bark both in vitro and in vivo in rats, against T. evansi, T. congolense and T. b. brucei. All showed promising results and a few demonstrated an effective dose.[2] The wood is used for a variety of purposes. It is often used conventionally for carpentry, interior trim, and construction. Traditionally the wood was used for dugout canoes, household implements, djembe, and fuel wood. The bitter tasting bark is used for a variety of medical purposes; it is taken against fever caused by malaria, stomach complaints, and headaches. It is applied externally to cure skin rashes, wounds, or any abnormality. It has been exported from West Africa (Gambia) to Europe since the first half of the 19th century and has been exploited heavily for its timber. It is now used more locally, and is planted ornamentally as a roadside tree.

Conservation and threats

Khaya senegalensis has experienced high amounts of exploitation, and little regeneration takes place once disturbance occurs. Because of this the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species considers it a vulnerable species. The only conservation which takes place are log export bans and legal protection in some countries.

Khaya senegalensis - MHNT

Khaya senegalensis - MHNT
Khaya senegalensis near Mount Tenakourou in Burkina Faso

References

  1. ^ World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1998). "Khaya senegalensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1998: e.T32171A9684583. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T32171A9684583.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  2. ^ Ibrahim, Mohammed Auwal; Mohammed, Aminu; Isah, Murtala Bindawa; Aliyu, Abubakar Babando (2014). "Anti-trypanosomal activity of African medicinal plants: A review update". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. International Society of Ethnopharmacology (ISE). 154 (1): 26–54. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2014.04.012. ISSN 0378-8741.

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Khaya senegalensis: Brief Summary ( İngilizce )

wikipedia EN tarafından sağlandı

Khaya senegalensis is a species of tree in the Meliaceae family that is native to Africa. Common names include African mahogany, dry zone mahogany, Gambia mahogany, khaya wood, Senegal mahogany, cailcedrat, acajou, djalla, and bois rouge.

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Khaya senegalensis ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

wikipedia ES tarafından sağlandı

Khaya senegalensis es una especie botánica de árboles perteneciente a la familia Meliaceae.

Descripción

Es un árbol de tamaño mediano que puede alcanzar entre 15 y 30 metros de altura y 1 metro de diámetro. El color de la corteza se compone de un gris oscuro a un pigmento de color gris-marrón, mientras que el duramen es de color marrón con un pigmento de color rosa-rojo compuesto por granos entrelazados. K. Senegalensis se caracteriza por las hojas dispuestas en forma de espiral agrupadas al final de las ramas, junto con blancas y olorosas flores y frutas que cambian de gris a negro cuando madura.

Hábitat

Khaya senegalensis se encuentra en los bosques ribereños y dentro de los bosques de mayor precipitación de la sabana, en las regiones húmedas que ha encontrado en un terreno más alto. En su primer año, la plántula desarrolla un sistema radical profundo siendo una de las más resistentes a la sequía de las especies de Khaya.

Distribución

Se distribuye por Benín, Burkina Faso, Camerún, República Centroafricana, Chad, Costa de Marfil, Gabón, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Malí, Níger, Nigeria, en el norte de Australia, Senegal, Sierra Leona, Sudán, Togo, y Uganda. Está tratada en peligro de extinción por la pérdida de hábitat.

Usos

La madera de Khaya senegalensis se utiliza para una variedad de propósitos. A menudo se utiliza convencionalmente para carpintería, acabados interiores y la construcción. Tradicionalmente, la madera fue utilizada para canoas cavadas, implementos para el hogar, y para leña. La corteza de sabor amargo de Khaya senegalensis se utiliza para una variedad de propósitos médicos, así, se toma contra la fiebre causada por la malaria, dolores de estómago, y dolores de cabeza. Se aplica externamente para curar erupciones en la piel, heridas o cualquier anormalidad. Khaya senegalensis ha sido exportado desde África Occidental (Gambia) a Europa desde la primera mitad del siglo XIX y ha sido explotado en gran medida por su madera. Actualmente el árbol se utiliza más a nivel local, y se planta como un árbol ornamental al lado de la carretera.

Imágenes

Taxonomía

Khaya senegalensis fue descrita por (Desr.) A.Juss. y publicado en Mémoires du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle 19: 250. 1830.[2]

Sinonimia
  • Swietenia senegalensis Desv.[3]

Referencias

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Khaya senegalensis: Brief Summary ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

wikipedia ES tarafından sağlandı

Khaya senegalensis es una especie botánica de árboles perteneciente a la familia Meliaceae.

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Khaya senegalensis ( Fransızca )

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Khaya senegalensis (caïlcédrat) est une espèce d'arbres de la famille des Meliaceae, qui est également appelée « acajou du Sénégal » ou « caïlcédrat ».

Répartition

Il se trouve au Bénin, au Burkina Faso, au Cameroun, en République centrafricaine, au Tchad, en Côte d'Ivoire, au Gabon, en Gambie, au Ghana, en Guinée, en Guinée-Bissau, au Mali, au Niger, au Nigeria, au Sénégal, en Sierra Leone, au Soudan, au Togo, et en Ouganda. En Afrique de l'Ouest il se reproduit naturellement dans les forêts galeries, mais on le trouve le plus souvent comme arbre d'ombrage dans les vieilles rues coloniales des villes africaines.

Khaya senegalensis est répertorié comme "vulnérable" sur la liste rouge de l'UICN, mais est considéré comme envahissant en Australie occidentale.

Description

 src=
Caïlcédrat à Thiabédji, Sénégal.
 src=
Écorce d'un jeune Khaya senegalensis
 src=
Feuillage.
 src=
Fruits.
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Graines.

Les caïlcédrats sont de grands arbres pouvant atteindre 30 à 35 mètres de haut, avec un fût court et trapu qui peut avoir jusqu'à 2 mètres de diamètre. Leur écorce est grise et lisse dans les premières années puis devient écaillée.

Les feuilles sont composées pennées, avec 4 à 6 paires de folioles oblongues de 10 cm sur 4 à 5 cm à la pointe arrondie.

La floraison survient à la fin de la saison sèche ou au début de la saison des pluies. Les fleurs sont pollinisées par des insectes tels que les abeilles et les papillons de nuit. Les fruits mûrissent 3–5 mois après la floraison. Les arbres commencent à produire des graines après 20–25 ans.

Le fruit est une capsule ligneuse érigée, presque globuleuse, de 4–6 cm de diamètre, gris pâle à brun grisâtre, déhiscente par 4 valves, contenant de nombreuses graines discoïdes ou quadrangulaires, fortement aplaties, d’environ 2 cm × 2,5 cm, entourées d’une aile étroite, brunes[1].

Utilisations

Le bois est utilisé à diverses fins. L'arbre est utilisé en menuiserie, pour faire des pirogues, des instruments ménagers, le djembé et du bois de chauffe.

L'écorce au goût amer est utilisée comme plante médicinale; il est pris contre la fièvre causée par le paludisme, les maux d'estomac et les maux de tête. Il est appliqué en usage externe pour soigner les éruptions cutanées et les plaies. Il a été exporté d'Afrique occidentale (Gambie) vers l'Europe depuis la première moitié du XIXe siècle et a été lourdement exploité pour son bois d'oeuvre. Il est maintenant utilisé plus localement et est planté de manière ornementale comme arbre au bord de la route.

En dehors de l'Afrique, c'est par les administrations coloniales et comme arbre d'alignement qu'il a été répandu. Il a ainsi été introduit par les Anglais en Australie du Nord, et par les Français en Indochine où il constitue par exemple une des essences principales des rues de Hanoï, au Viêt Nam. Il a également été introduit en Nouvelle-Calédonie, en zone urbaine uniquement.

Les graines de la plante ont une teneur en huile de 52,5% composée de 65% d'acide oléique, 21% d'acide palmitique, 10% d'acide stéarique et de 4% d'autres composés acides.

Références

  1. « Khaya senegalensis (PROTA) — PlantUse Français », sur uses.plantnet-project.org (consulté le 21 octobre 2018)
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Khaya senegalensis: Brief Summary ( Fransızca )

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Khaya senegalensis (caïlcédrat) est une espèce d'arbres de la famille des Meliaceae, qui est également appelée « acajou du Sénégal » ou « caïlcédrat ».

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Khaya senegalensis ( İtalyanca )

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Khaya senegalensis
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Khaya senegalensis

Khaya senegalensis è un albero della famiglia delle Meliaceae che cresce nelle regioni tropicali dell'Africa occidentale.

Usi

Oltre all'uso del legname, questa specie di Khaya viene usata durante la stagione secca come foraggio per il bestiame. Inoltre, la corteccia del K. senegalensis è spesso raccolta nelle piantagioni dalle popolazioni indigene e utilizzata per il trattamento di molte malattie. I semi della pianta hanno un contenuto di olio pari al 52,5%, composto dal 21% di acido palmitico, il 10% di acido stearico, il 65% acido oleico, e il 4% di altri composti acidi [1].

Bibliografia

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Khaya senegalensis: Brief Summary ( İtalyanca )

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 src= Khaya senegalensis  src= Khaya senegalensis

Khaya senegalensis è un albero della famiglia delle Meliaceae che cresce nelle regioni tropicali dell'Africa occidentale.

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Xà cừ ( Vietnamca )

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Bài viết này cần thêm chú thích nguồn gốc để kiểm chứng thông tin. Mời bạn giúp hoàn thiện bài viết này bằng cách bổ sung chú thích tới các nguồn đáng tin cậy. Các nội dung không có nguồn có thể bị nghi ngờ và xóa bỏ.
Đối với các định nghĩa khác, xem Xà cừ (định hướng).
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Hạt cây Xà Cừ

Xà cừ hay sọ khỉ, quả gỗ (danh pháp hai phần: Khaya senegalensis) là một loại cây thuộc Họ Xoan (Meliaceae). Xà cừ mọc tự nhiên ở Bénin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cộng hòa Trung Phi, Tchad, Bờ Biển Ngà, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinée, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Sénégal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Togo, và Uganda.

Mô tả

Là cây đại mộc có thể cao từ 35–40 m, đường kính cây có khi đạt đến 2m (ở Thảo cầm viên TP Hồ Chí Minh). Cây thường xanh, tán lá rậm, cành nhiều, cành non cong xuống. Lá kép lông chim một lần chẵn, cụm hoa chùm tán, hoa nhỏ màu trắng có 4 cánh nhỏ màu trắng dính nhau, mùa hoa tháng 4-5.Quả nang nhỏ, chín tháng 10, khi chín bung thành 4 mảnh. Vỏ cây màu xám nâu, vỏ nứt đồng tiền khoanh tròn như cái sọ nên cây còn có tên là sọ khỉ

Sinh trưởng

Cây ưa sáng mọc nhanh, dễ trồng hạt nẳy mầm rất khoẻ, tái sinh hạt và chồi đều mạnh. Cây tăng trưởng rất nhanh, có thể phát triển tốt trên nhiều loại đất, rất phù hợp với nền đất cát của vùng ven biển miền trung Việt Nam, cây có bộ rễ sâu có thể thích nghi việc chóng chịu điều kiện thiếu nước.

Cây ít sâu bệnh hại, chủ yếu là sâu loài Hypsipyla robusta cắn hại. Thân gỗ thường bị các loại bọ cánh cứng Lytus spp. phá hoại. Ngoài ra cây thường bị nhiễm loại vi khuẩn Xanthomonas khaye gây nên các hiện tượng u bướu chảy nhựa.

Sử dụng

Gỗ có lõi màu đỏ nhạt, dác màu nâu đỏ, gỗ rắn thớ xoắn, dễ nứt nẻ cong vênh. Gỗ được sử dụng đòng tàu thuyền, làm đồ mộc gia dụng.

Xà Cừ có thể được gây trồng rộng rãi để làm cây xanh đường phố, cảnh quan công viên. Trong tự nhiên, không gian phát triển bộ rễ của cây rất lớn đủ đáp ứng điều kiện bám giữ chống chịu gió bão, tuy nhiên trong phát triển cây xanh vỉa hè, cần giới hạn đường kính thân cây không vượt quá 400mm để tránh hiện tượng cây bị gãy đổ gây ách tắc giao thông và thiệt hại kinh tế.

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

Tham khảo

Liên kết ngoài

 src= Wikispecies có thông tin sinh học về Xà cừ  src= Wikimedia Commons có thư viện hình ảnh và phương tiện truyền tải về Xà cừ


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến Họ Xoan (Meliaceae) này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Xà cừ: Brief Summary ( Vietnamca )

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Đối với các định nghĩa khác, xem Xà cừ (định hướng).  src= Hạt cây Xà Cừ

Xà cừ hay sọ khỉ, quả gỗ (danh pháp hai phần: Khaya senegalensis) là một loại cây thuộc Họ Xoan (Meliaceae). Xà cừ mọc tự nhiên ở Bénin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cộng hòa Trung Phi, Tchad, Bờ Biển Ngà, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinée, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Sénégal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Togo, và Uganda.

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非洲楝 ( Çince )

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二名法 Khaya senegalensis
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Khaya senegalensis
 src=
Khaya senegalensis

非洲楝学名Khaya senegalensis),为楝科非洲楝属下的一个植物种。[1]

参考资料

  1. ^ 非洲楝 Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss.. 中国植物物种信息数据库. [2013-01-15].


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非洲楝: Brief Summary ( Çince )

wikipedia 中文维基百科 tarafından sağlandı
 src= Khaya senegalensis  src= Khaya senegalensis

非洲楝(学名:Khaya senegalensis),为楝科非洲楝属下的一个植物种。

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