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Arthoniaceae ( İngilizce )

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The Arthoniaceae are a family of lichenized, lichenicolous and saprobic fungi in the order Arthoniales.[1] The Arthoniaceae is the largest family of Arthoniales, with around 800 species.[2] Most species in Arthoniaceae belong in Arthonia which is the largest genus with 500 species.[3] The second and third largest genus is Arthothelium with 80 species, and Cryptothecia with 60 species.[4]

Arthonia is the type genus of Arthoniaceae, and it is known to be a polyphyletic and paraphyletic genus.[5] The process of splitting Arthonia into monophyletic groups is an ongoing process. In order to make Arthonia monophyletic, several genera have been described or resurrected.[6]

Distribution

The species in Arthoniaceae have a worldwide distribution, but are especially prevalent in tropical areas with a Mediterranean climate.[1] They are known from arctic to tropical latitudes, as well as variating altitudes from sea level to alpine regions, distributed in both humid forests and dry habitats.[6]

Ecology

Collectively, the family have a highly variable ecology with lichenized, lichenicolous and saprobic fungi.[1] The majority of species are lichenized with a photobiont from Trentepohliaceae and a few species in Arthonia are lichenized with a photobiont from Chlorococcaleae. They grow on leaves, bark, bryophytes, and rocks.[7] Other species are lichenicolous (growing on other lichens), and a few species are known to be saprobic.[4]

History

The family was circumscribed by Heinrich Gottlieb Ludwig Reichenbach in 1841.[1]

Genera

Herbarium specimen of Arthonia radiata (magnified 40x) showing roughly star-shaped clusters of ascomata. Found growing on the bark of red oak.

As of March 2021, Species Fungorum accepts 25 genera and 392 species in the family Arthoniaceae.[8] This is a list of the genera in the Arthoniaceae based on a 2020 review and summary of fungal classification by Wijayawardene and colleagues.[9] Following the genus name is the taxonomic authority (those who first circumscribed the genus; standardized author abbreviations are used), year of publication, and the number of species:

References

  1. ^ a b c d Encyclopedia of Life, consulted at september the seventeenth 2013
  2. ^ Sundin, Rikard; Thor, Göran; Frisch, Andreas (2012-01-01). "A literature review of Arthonia s. lat". Biblioth. Lichenol. 108: 257–290.
  3. ^ Grube, M. "A taxonomic survey of arthonioid fungi with reddish K+ reactive pigments". Doctoral Dissertation, Karl-Franzens-Universität, Graz.
  4. ^ a b "The Lichens of Great Britain and Ireland". www.nhbs.com. Retrieved 2018-03-14.
  5. ^ Sundin, Rikard; Tehler, Anders (July 1998). "Phylogenetic Studies of the Genus Arthonia". The Lichenologist. 30 (4–5): 381–413. doi:10.1006/lich.1998.0155. ISSN 1096-1135.
  6. ^ a b Frisch, Andreas; Thor, Göran; Ertz, Damien; Grube, Martin (2014-08-28). "The Arthonialean challenge: Restructuring Arthoniaceae". Taxon. 63 (4): 727–744. doi:10.12705/634.20.
  7. ^ Cannon PF, Kirk PM (2007). Fungal Families of the World. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. pp. 17–18. ISBN 978-0-85199-827-5.
  8. ^ Species Fungorum. "Arthoniaceae". Catalog of Life. Retrieved 18 March 2021.
  9. ^ Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8.
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Arthoniaceae: Brief Summary ( İngilizce )

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The Arthoniaceae are a family of lichenized, lichenicolous and saprobic fungi in the order Arthoniales. The Arthoniaceae is the largest family of Arthoniales, with around 800 species. Most species in Arthoniaceae belong in Arthonia which is the largest genus with 500 species. The second and third largest genus is Arthothelium with 80 species, and Cryptothecia with 60 species.

Arthonia is the type genus of Arthoniaceae, and it is known to be a polyphyletic and paraphyletic genus. The process of splitting Arthonia into monophyletic groups is an ongoing process. In order to make Arthonia monophyletic, several genera have been described or resurrected.

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Arthoniaceae ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

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Arthoniaceae es una familia de hongos líquenizados en el orden Arthoniales.[1]​ Están formados por la asociación de un hongo ascomiceto con un fitobionte. Presentan apotecios lirelinos, sin borde talino o anfitecio y sin borde propio o partatecio, talo sin córtex.

Arthoniaceae es la familia más grande de Arthoniales, con unas 800 especies.[2]​ La mayoría de las especies en Arthoniaceae se encuentran en Arthonia que es el género más grande con 500 especies.[3]​ El segundo y tercer género son Arthothelium con 80 especies, y Cryptothecia con 60 especies.[4]

Géneros

Referencias

  1. Encyclopedia of Life, consulted at september the seventeenth 2013
  2. Sundin, Rikard; Thor, Göran; Frisch, Andreas (1 de enero de 2012). «A literature review of Arthonia s. lat». Biblioth. Lichenol. 108: 257-290.
  3. Grube, M. «A taxonomic survey of arthonioid fungi with reddish K+ reactive pigments.». Doctoral Dissertation, Karl-Franzens-Universität, Graz.
  4. «The Lichens of Great Britain and Ireland». www.nhbs.com (en inglés estadounidense). Consultado el 14 de marzo de 2018.
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Arthoniaceae: Brief Summary ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

wikipedia ES tarafından sağlandı

Arthoniaceae es una familia de hongos líquenizados en el orden Arthoniales.​ Están formados por la asociación de un hongo ascomiceto con un fitobionte. Presentan apotecios lirelinos, sin borde talino o anfitecio y sin borde propio o partatecio, talo sin córtex.

Arthoniaceae es la familia más grande de Arthoniales, con unas 800 especies.​ La mayoría de las especies en Arthoniaceae se encuentran en Arthonia que es el género más grande con 500 especies.​ El segundo y tercer género son Arthothelium con 80 especies, y Cryptothecia con 60 especies.​

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Arthoniaceae ( Fransızca )

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Les Arthoniaceae sont une famille de champignons filamenteux (c'est-à-dire formés d'hyphes).

Description

La plupart des taxons de cette famille sont des lichens, le plus souvent associés à des algues vertes du genre Trentepohlia et se développant sur les écorces, les roches et les feuilles. D'autres sont lichénicoles[1].

Morphologie

Sauf exception, les organes de reproduction des Arthoniaceae sont des apothécies.

Genres

D'après Syllabus of Plant Families (2016)[1], cette famille est constituée des genres suivants :

Notes et références

  1. a et b Jaklitsch , W., Baral, H.-O., Lücking, R. & Lumbsch, H.T., 2016. Syllabus of plant families, part 1/2 Ascomycota, p. 41-42. Borntraeger Science Publishers. (ISBN 978-3-443-01089-8)

Annexes

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Arthoniaceae: Brief Summary ( Fransızca )

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Les Arthoniaceae sont une famille de champignons filamenteux (c'est-à-dire formés d'hyphes).

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Arthoniaceae ( Felemenkçe; Flemish )

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Schimmels

Arthoniaceae is een familie van schimmels uit de orde Arthoniales. Soorten uit de familie Arthoniaceae hebben een wijd verspreidingsgebied maar komen voornamelijk voor in tropische gebieden. De leefwijze van de soorten uit de familie is divers. Sommige korstmossen vormen met groenalg korstmossen terwijl andere soorten op de korstmossen zelf groeien. De schimmels groeien zowel op rotsen, bladeren als op stenen. De familie is voor het eerst beschreven in 1841 door Reichenbach.

Geslachten


Bronnen, noten en/of referenties

Dit artikel of een eerdere versie ervan is (gedeeltelijk) vertaald vanaf de Engelstalige Wikipedia, die onder de licentie Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen valt. Zie de bewerkingsgeschiedenis aldaar.


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Arthoniaceae: Brief Summary ( Felemenkçe; Flemish )

wikipedia NL tarafından sağlandı

Arthoniaceae is een familie van schimmels uit de orde Arthoniales. Soorten uit de familie Arthoniaceae hebben een wijd verspreidingsgebied maar komen voornamelijk voor in tropische gebieden. De leefwijze van de soorten uit de familie is divers. Sommige korstmossen vormen met groenalg korstmossen terwijl andere soorten op de korstmossen zelf groeien. De schimmels groeien zowel op rotsen, bladeren als op stenen. De familie is voor het eerst beschreven in 1841 door Reichenbach.

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Plamicowate ( Lehçe )

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Plamicowate (Arthoniaceae Rchb.) – rodzina grzybów znajdująca się w rzędzie Arthoniales[1].

Systematyka

Rodzina Arthoniaceae jest zaliczana według "Catalogue of Life: 2009 Annual Checklist" do rzędu Arthoniales i należą do niej rodzaje[2]:

Nazwy polskie według W. Fałtynowicza[3].

Przypisy

  1. Index Fungorum (ang.). [dostęp 2016-05-01].
  2. CABI databases (ang.). [dostęp 2016-04-24].
  3. Wiesław Fałtynowicz: The Lichenes, Lichenicolous and allied Fungi of Poland. Krytyczna lista porostów i grzybów naporostowych Polski. Kraków: Instytut Botaniki im. W. Szafera PAN, 2003. ISBN 83-89648-06-7.
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Plamicowate: Brief Summary ( Lehçe )

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Plamicowate (Arthoniaceae Rchb.) – rodzina grzybów znajdująca się w rzędzie Arthoniales.

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Arthoniaceae ( Portekizce )

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 src=
Espécime herborizada de Arthonia radiata (aumentado 40x) mostrando agregados irregulares de ascomata (a base é um pedaço de ritidoma de Quercus rubra.

Arthoniaceae é uma família de fungos liquenizados pertencentes à ordem dos Arthoniales. As espécies integradas nesta família apresentam uma distribuição natural alargada, mas com a sus máxima diversidade nas regiões tropicais.[1]

Descrição

Os membros desta família apresentam uma ecologia variada, incluindo algumas espécies liquenícolas (isto é, que crescem sobre outros líquenes), mas com as maioria a crescer sobre a casca de árvores e sobre rochas.[1] A maioria das espécies é uma associação entre o fungo e algas verdes, o que lhes confere uma coloração esverdeada.

A família foi proposta por Heinrich Gottlieb Ludwig Reichenbach em 1841.

Notas

  1. a b Cannon PF, Kirk PM. (2007). Fungal Families of the World. Wallingford: CABI. pp. 17–18. ISBN 0-85199-827-5

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Arthoniaceae: Brief Summary ( Portekizce )

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 src= Espécime herborizada de Arthonia radiata (aumentado 40x) mostrando agregados irregulares de ascomata (a base é um pedaço de ritidoma de Quercus rubra.

Arthoniaceae é uma família de fungos liquenizados pertencentes à ordem dos Arthoniales. As espécies integradas nesta família apresentam uma distribuição natural alargada, mas com a sus máxima diversidade nas regiões tropicais.

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Arthoniaceae ( İsveççe )

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Arthoniaceae är en familj av svampar. Arthoniaceae ingår i ordningen Arthoniales, klassen Arthoniomycetes, divisionen sporsäcksvampar och riket svampar.[1][2]

Arthoniales

Roccellaceae



Melaspileaceae



Chrysothricaceae


Arthoniaceae

Arthonia



Arthothelium



Cryptothecia



Herpothallon



Tylophoron



Sagenidiopsis




Llimonaea



Bildgalleri

Källor

  1. ^ Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (23 april 2011). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/arthoniaceae/match/1. Läst 24 september 2012.
  2. ^ Dyntaxa Arthoniaceae

Externa länkar

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Артониевые (семейство) ( Rusça )

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Царство: Грибы
Подцарство: Высшие грибы
Отдел: Аскомицеты
Подотдел: Pezizomycotina
Порядок: Артониевые
Семейство: Артониевые
Международное научное название

Arthoniaceae (Rchb.) Rchb., 1841

Типовой род
Arthonia Ach., 1806
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Систематика
на Викивидах
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Изображения
на Викискладе
ITIS 500091NCBI 39678EOL 5584MB 80472

Артониевые (лат. Arthoniaceae) — семейство лишайников порядка Артониевые (Arthoniales). Преимущественно тропические и субтропические растения.

Биологическое описание

Слоевище накипное, тонкое, без корового слоя, прикреплённое к субстрату гифами сердцевинного слоя. Апотеции погружённые в слоевище, округлые, лопастные или более или менее звёздчато разветвлённые, реже линейные, плоские, в виде пятен, без края. Споры обычно бесцветные, изредка темноватые, двуклеточные, поперечно-многоклеточные или муральные.

Водоросли Protococcus, Trentepohlia или Phyllactidium.

Роды

Согласно базе данных Catalogue of Life[1]:

Примечания

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Артониевые (семейство): Brief Summary ( Rusça )

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Артониевые (лат. Arthoniaceae) — семейство лишайников порядка Артониевые (Arthoniales). Преимущественно тропические и субтропические растения.

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