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Ischnocera ( İngilizce )

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The Ischnocera is a large superfamily of lice. They are mostly parasitic on birds, but including a large family (the Trichodectidae) parasitic on mammals. The genus Trichophilopterus is also found on mammals (lemurs), but probably belongs to the "avian Ischnocera" and represents a host switch from birds to mammals. It is a chewing louse, which feeds on the feathers and skin debris of birds. Many of the avian Ischnocera have evolved an elongated body shape. This allows them to conceal themselves between the feather shafts and avoid being dislodged during preening or flight.

The taxonomy of the group is in need of revision, as several phylogenetic studies have found the group to be paraphyletic, specifically in regards to the two major families Philopteridae and Trichodectidae. In order to resolve this, in 2020 de Moya et al. proposed retaining the majority of the species (including Philopteridae) within Ischnocera, and then moving Trichodectidae to its own grouping called Trichodectera.[2]

Ischnocera currently consists of the following families:[1]

References

  1. ^ a b Johnson, Kevin P.; Smith, Vincent S. (2021). "Psocodea species file online, Version 5.0". Retrieved 2021-11-05.
  2. ^ de Moya, Robert S; Yoshizawa, Kazunori; Walden, Kimberly K O; Sweet, Andrew D; Dietrich, Christopher H; Kevin P, Johnson (2021-06-16). Buckley, Thomas (ed.). "Phylogenomics of Parasitic and Nonparasitic Lice (Insecta: Psocodea): Combining Sequence Data and Exploring Compositional Bias Solutions in Next Generation Data Sets". Systematic Biology. 70 (4): 719–738. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syaa075. ISSN 1063-5157.
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Ischnocera: Brief Summary ( İngilizce )

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The Ischnocera is a large superfamily of lice. They are mostly parasitic on birds, but including a large family (the Trichodectidae) parasitic on mammals. The genus Trichophilopterus is also found on mammals (lemurs), but probably belongs to the "avian Ischnocera" and represents a host switch from birds to mammals. It is a chewing louse, which feeds on the feathers and skin debris of birds. Many of the avian Ischnocera have evolved an elongated body shape. This allows them to conceal themselves between the feather shafts and avoid being dislodged during preening or flight.

The taxonomy of the group is in need of revision, as several phylogenetic studies have found the group to be paraphyletic, specifically in regards to the two major families Philopteridae and Trichodectidae. In order to resolve this, in 2020 de Moya et al. proposed retaining the majority of the species (including Philopteridae) within Ischnocera, and then moving Trichodectidae to its own grouping called Trichodectera.

Ischnocera currently consists of the following families:

Philopteroidea Goniodidae Heptapsogasteridae Lipeuridae Philopteridae (paraphyletic) Trichophilopteridae Trichodectoidea Bovicolidae Dasyonygidae Trichodectidae
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Ischnocera ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

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Los ischnóceros (Ischnocera) son un gran suborden del orden Phthiraptera. Son piojos la mayoría parásitos en aves pero que incluyen una familia numerosa (Trichodectidae) de parásitos mamíferos. El género Trichophilopterus se encuentra también en mamíferos (lémures) pero probablemente pertenece a los ischnóceros y representa un cambio de huésped de aves a mamíferos. Muchos ischnóceros tienen el cuerpo alargado, lo que les permite esconderse entre el raquis de las plumas y evitar ser desalojados por durante el acicalamiento o durante el vuelo.

Taxonomía

La taxonomía del grupo necesita revisión. Actualmente se reconocen cuatro familias pero una de ellas, Philopteridae, es casi seguramente parafilética. Las familias son:

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Ischnocera: Brief Summary ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

wikipedia ES tarafından sağlandı

Los ischnóceros (Ischnocera) son un gran suborden del orden Phthiraptera. Son piojos la mayoría parásitos en aves pero que incluyen una familia numerosa (Trichodectidae) de parásitos mamíferos. El género Trichophilopterus se encuentra también en mamíferos (lémures) pero probablemente pertenece a los ischnóceros y representa un cambio de huésped de aves a mamíferos. Muchos ischnóceros tienen el cuerpo alargado, lo que les permite esconderse entre el raquis de las plumas y evitar ser desalojados por durante el acicalamiento o durante el vuelo.

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Ischnocera ( Fransızca )

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Les poux broyeur (Ischnocera) sont un sous-ordre d'insectes parasites hématophages qui infectent principalement les oiseaux mais aussi les mammifères. Ce groupe est probablement paraphylétique. Les espèces formant ce groupe passent en principe par au moins un stade nécessitant la présence d'un oiseau.

Beaucoup d'Ischnocera aviaires ont une silhouette allongée qui leur permet de se cacher entre les calamus pour éviter d'être éjectés au cours des vols ou délogés lors des séances de toilettage.

Liste des familles

Selon ITIS :

autres familles :

Voir aussi

Références externes

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Ischnocera: Brief Summary ( Fransızca )

wikipedia FR tarafından sağlandı

Les poux broyeur (Ischnocera) sont un sous-ordre d'insectes parasites hématophages qui infectent principalement les oiseaux mais aussi les mammifères. Ce groupe est probablement paraphylétique. Les espèces formant ce groupe passent en principe par au moins un stade nécessitant la présence d'un oiseau.

Beaucoup d'Ischnocera aviaires ont une silhouette allongée qui leur permet de se cacher entre les calamus pour éviter d'être éjectés au cours des vols ou délogés lors des séances de toilettage.

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Ischnocera ( Portekizce )

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A subordem Ischnocera reúne várias espécies de piolhos parasitas de pássaros. Há, no entanto, uma grande família - os Trichodectidae - composta por parasitas de mamíferos.

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