Coincya wrightii (O. E. Schulz) Stace

The Lundy cabbage supports a unique pair of insects which, like the plant itself, occur nowhere else. These are the Lundy cabbage flea beetle (Psylliodes luridipennis) and the Lundy cabbage weevil (Ceutorhynchus contractus currently var. pallipes). Neither are very obvious, the beetle measuring three millimetres and the weevil only a millimetre-and-a-half. They feed on their host plant and are closely related to mainland beetles. Lundy Island provides a microcosm of evolution, having been isolated from the mainland of England for some 9,000 years since the end of the last ice age. Many species are able to cross the few miles of sea separating it from north Devon but some seem to be evolving unique traits and behaviour.

Both the Lundy cabbage and the Lundy cabbage flea beetle are now included in the UK Biodiversity Action Plan and as part of English Nature's Species Recovery Programme. The immediate objective was the removal of the invading rhododendron from the cabbage's immediate environs. This posed several problems, not least in the hazards involved in clearing large shrubs and bushes from a cliff face. More accessible plants have been tackled by volunteers and some areas have been cleared although the war is by no means won. The less accessible slopes have been reached by a Bristol-based company called Ropeworks while the National Trust, owners of Lundy Island and their management trustees, the Landmark Trust, have co-ordinated volunteer groups to eradicate rhododendron from the less hazardous areas. This is still a monumental task, however, and the short term plan is to concentrate on the most sensitive areas with the objective of preserving the UK's own 'Galapagos Island'.

A tall and impressive plant, especially when it covers its cliff side habitat in yellow flowers from May to July. When not in flower it resembles a large radish top with leaves in a rosette in winter and early spring. The plant seeds in late summer and autumn.

The plant likes areas of bare cliff and places where landslip has occurred. It is found solely on the slate and granite cliffs on the south-east side of Lundy Island.

Currently restricted to Lundy Island in the Bristol Channel. The plant may well have occurred elsewhere prior to the last ice age. Relatives of the Lundy cabbage are found in Spain and North Africa.

Classified as Rare and Endemic in the UK.

The Lundy cabbage is under threat from another invader, this time a recent one. Rhododendron was introduced to the island as an ornamental plant in the 19th century and now covers much of the cliff top formerly occupied by the cabbage. The threat posed by the rhododendron puts not only the Lundy cabbage at risk but the two insects which depend on it for their survival. Though rhododendron invasion is a problem in many UK sites, Lundy is the only location where it threatens the total loss of a species.

Foodplant / open feeder
adult of Cryptocephalus fulvus grazes on leaf of Coincya wrightii
Remarks: season: 5-10

Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Psylliodes luridipennis grazes on leaf of Coincya wrightii

Planhigyn blodeuol bychan yw Bresychen ynys wair sy'n enw benywaidd. Mae'n perthyn i'r teulu Brassicaceae. Yr enw gwyddonol (Lladin) yw Coincya wrightii a'r enw Saesneg yw Lundy cabbage. Ceir enwau Cymraeg eraill ar y planhigyn hwn gan gynnwys Berwr Lundy.

Mae'r dail ar ffurf 'roset' a chaiff y planhigyn ei flodeuo gan wenyn.

Lundy cabbage growing at Bristol Zoo, England

Coincya wrightii, known as Lundy cabbage, is a species of primitive brassicoid, endemic to the island of Lundy off the southwestern coast of England, where it is sufficiently isolated to have formed its own species, with its endemic insect pollinators. Coincya wrightii grows natively only on the eastern cliffs and slopes of the island and nowhere else in the world and is a protected species. It reaches up to a metre in height and with its yellow flowers (seen from May to August) it looks a little similar to oil seed rape. Although it is a member of the cabbage family, it tastes unpleasant – it has been described as "triple-distilled essence of Brussels sprout".

The Lundy cabbage is unique in that two species of beetles that feed on it – the Lundy cabbage flea beetle (Psylliodes luridipennis) and the Lundy cabbage weevil (Ceutorhynchus contractus pallipes) – also occur nowhere else in the world. The number of Lundy cabbages varies from year to year. Grazing by goats, sheep and rabbits is a problem, along with suppression by the invasive alien Rhododendron bushes that have been spreading across the island.

It is an excellent example of isolation on an island leading to the production of unique species.

Coincya wrightii là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Cải. Loài này được (O.E.Schultz) Stace mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1989.

Международное научное название

Coincya wrightii (O.E.Schulz) Stace, 1989

Систематика
на Викивидах
Изображения
на Викискладе NCBI 400014EOL 5154422IPNI 946916-1TPL kew-2730506

Coincya wrightii (лат.) — вид двудольных растений рода Coincya семейства Капустные (Brassicaceae). Под текущим таксономическим названием был описан британским ботаником Клайвом Энтони Стэйсом в 1989 году^[2][3].

Распространённое англоязычное название — «Lundy cabbage»^[4].

Распространение, описание

Эндемик Англии (Великобритания), в дикой природе встречающийся исключительно на острове Ланди^[4][5]. Предполагается, что до наступления последнего ледникового периода, окончившегося около 9 тыс. лет назад, ареал растения мог быть шире. Предпочитает скалистые участки^[6].

Примитивный вид^[5], вследствие изолированности от других земель сохранивший, как отмечается, уникальные черты строения и жизненного цикла. Растение внушительных размеров, высотой до 150 см. Листорасположение розеточное. Цветки жёлтые. Цветёт с мая по июль, плодоносит в конце лета и осенью^[6].

Является растением-хозяином для двух местных видов мелких насекомых — Psylliodes luridipennis и Ceutorhynchus contractus var. pallipes^[6].

Замечания по охране

Редкое растение, требующее значительных мер по сохранению своего ареала. Особенную угрозу виду представляют, в частности, завезённые на остров Ланди в XIX веке в качестве декоративных растений рододендроны, с которыми Coincya wrightii не выдерживает конкуренции. Двум вышеозначенным видам насекомых, ассоциированных с этим растением, также может угрожать исчезновение в случае уменьшения его популяции^[6].

Синонимы

Синонимичные названия^[2]:

• Brassicella wrightii O.E.Schulzbasionym
• Hutera wrightii (O.E.Schulz) Gómez-Campo
• Rhynchosinapis wrightii (O.E.Schulz) Dandy

Примечания

Coincya wrightii (лат.) — вид двудольных растений рода Coincya семейства Капустные (Brassicaceae). Под текущим таксономическим названием был описан британским ботаником Клайвом Энтони Стэйсом в 1989 году.

Распространённое англоязычное название — «Lundy cabbage».