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Comments ( İngilizce )

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Spring-flowering plants with most of their proximal leaves pinnately lobed or coarsely toothed, mainly found in south-central Texas, have been treated as var. australis (B. L. Turner and M. Whalen 1975). Plants from near or on beaches of the Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico, usually with somewhat fleshy leaves and often persisting for more than one year, have been distinguished as var. picta.

Cultivars of Gaillardia pulchella (or of hybrids between G. pulchella and G. aristata) are used horticulturally.

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Flora of North America Vol. 21: 421, 422, 425 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Description ( İngilizce )

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Annuals (sometimes persisting), 5–35(–60+) cm. Leaves cauline; petiolar bases 0–3+ cm; blades linear, oblong, or spatulate, 1–5(–12) cm × 4–12(–35) mm, (bases of distal ± clasping) margins usually entire, sometimes toothed or lobed, faces closely strigillose or hirtellous to ± villous (hairs jointed). Peduncles 3–10(–20) cm. Phyllaries 18–28+, narrowly triangular- to linear-attenuate, 6–14+ mm, usually ciliate with jointed hairs. Receptacular setae 1.5–3 mm. Ray florets usually 8–14, rarely 0; corollas usually reddish to purplish proximally, yellow to orange distally, rarely yellow, reddish, or purplish throughout, 13–30+ mm. Disc florets 40–100+; corollas yellowish to purple or brown, often bicolored, tubes 0.8–1.2 mm, throats campanulate to urceolate, 3–4 mm, lobes deltate to ovate, often attenuate, 1–3+ mm, jointed hairs 0.3+ mm. Cypselae obpyramidal, 2–2.5 mm, hairs 1.5–2 mm, inserted at bases and on angles; pappi of 7–8 deltate to lanceolate, aristate scales 4–7 mm (scarious bases 1–2.5 × 0.7–1.3 mm). 2n = 34.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
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Flora of North America Vol. 21: 421, 422, 425 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Synonym ( İngilizce )

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Gaillardia drummondii (Hooker) de Candolle; G. neomexicana A. Nelson; G. picta D. Don; G. pulchella var. australis B. L. Turner & M. Whalen; G. pulchella var. picta (D. Don) A. Gray
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliyografik atıf
Flora of North America Vol. 21: 421, 422, 425 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
kaynak
Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
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Comprehensive Description ( İngilizce )

North American Flora tarafından sağlandı
Gaillardia villosa Rydberg, sp. nov
A caulescent annual; stem 2-4 dm. high, long-villous, especially below, branched above; leaves all linear-lanceolate, entire or denticulate, 3-8 cm. long, rather densely villous on both sides, not clasping; peduncles 2-10 cm. long; involucral bracts linear-lanceolate, ciliate, chartaceous at the base, herbaceous and acuminate above, about 1 cm. long; ray-flowers neutral; ligules yellow, 8-15 mm. long, deeply 3-cleft; disk about 15 mm. broad, yellow or brownishyellow; corollas 6 mm. long; tube about 1 mm. long, glabrous; throat cylindro-campanulate, puberulent; lobes acuminate, ciliate with moniliform hairs; achenes 2 mm. long, sparingly hirsute; squamellae 5 mm. long, ovate, attenuate into an awn.
Type collected in Bexar County, Texas, 1904, G. Jermy 40 (U. S. Nat. Herb.).
bibliyografik atıf
Per Axel Rydberg. 1915. (CARDUALES); CARDUACEAE; HELENIEAE, TAGETEAE. North American flora. vol 34(2). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY

Comprehensive Description ( İngilizce )

North American Flora tarafından sağlandı
Gaillardia drummondii (Hook.) DC. Prodr. 5: 652. 1836
Gaillardia bicolor Drummondii Hook. Bot. Mag. pi. 3368. 1834.
Gaillardia bicolor Drummondii 1. integerrima Hook. Bot. Mag. pi. 3551. 1837.
Gaillardia picta tricolor Planch. Fl. Serres 6: 337. 1851.
A caulescent annual; stem 3-6 dm. high, simple or branched, striate, puberulent and villous with moniliform hairs; lower leaves oblanceolate, petioled, 5-10 cm. long, more or less lobed with lanceolate or triangular divisions, with scattered long hairs on both sides; upper leaves sessile, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 2-5 cm. long, acuminate, entire or few-toothed; peduncles 1-1.5 dm. long; involucral bracts linear-lanceolate, chartaceous only at the very base, gradually long-attenuate, hirsute and ciliate; fimbrillae subulate, stiff, longer than the achenes; ray-flowers neutral; ligules 15-18 mm. long, deeply 3-cleft, usually purple with yellow tips; diskcorollas 6 mm. long; tube 1 mm. long; throat cylindro-campanulate; lobes acuminate, ciliate with moniliform hairs; achenes 2 mm. long, densely hirsute all over; squamellae 5-6 mm. long, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, abruptly contracted into an awn, which is longer than the body.
Type locality: Rio Brazos, Texas.
Distribution: Texas, Coahuila, and Nuevo Leon.
bibliyografik atıf
Per Axel Rydberg. 1915. (CARDUALES); CARDUACEAE; HELENIEAE, TAGETEAE. North American flora. vol 34(2). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY

Comprehensive Description ( İngilizce )

North American Flora tarafından sağlandı
Gaillardia pulchella Foug. Mem. Acad. Sci. Paris 1786: 5. 1788
Gaillardia bicolor Lam. Encyc. 2: 590. 1788.
Calotinea pitlcherrima Buchoz; Lam. Encyc. 2: 590, as synonym. 1788.
Virgilia helioides L'Her. Virgilia. 1788.
? Gaillardia lobala Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1861: 459. 1862.
A caulescent annual; stem 2-4 dm. high, striate, short-hirsute with ascending hairs,
usually branched; lower leaves oblanceolate, short-petioled, 4-8 cm. long, more or less round-
lobed or toothed, densely short-hirsute below, more sparingly hairy with longer hairs above,
sometimes ciliate on the petioles and veins beneath; upper leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute at
the apex, sessile, broad and sometimes somewhat clasping at the base, 2-4 cm. long; peduncles
5-15 cm. long; involucral bracts lanceolate, chartaceous at the base, herbaceous, hirsute and
ciliate above, long-acuminate; fimbrillae of the receptacle subulate, stiff, longer than the
achenes; ray-flowers neutral; ligules 12-20 mm. long, 5-8 mm. wide, deeply 3-cleft, yellow
with purple base or wholly purple; disk 12-15 mm. broad; corollas yellow below, purple above,
6-7 mm. long; tube about 1 mm. long, glabrous; throat elongate-campanulate, puberulent;
lobes acuminate, ciliate with moniliform hairs; achenes 2-2.5 mm. long, densely hirsute all
over; squamellae 5-6 mm. long, lanceolate, gradually attenuate into an awn equaling the body.
Type locality: Garden, the plants raised from seed from Louisiana. Distribution: Missouri and Nebraska to Colorado, New Mexico, and Louisiana.
bibliyografik atıf
Per Axel Rydberg. 1915. (CARDUALES); CARDUACEAE; HELENIEAE, TAGETEAE. North American flora. vol 34(2). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY

Comprehensive Description ( İngilizce )

North American Flora tarafından sağlandı
Gaillardia picta Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. II. pi. 267. 1834
Gaillardia pulchella picta A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am. I 2 : 352. 1884.
A caulescent plant, shrubby at the base, perennial but blooming the first year; stem low, branched, 2-3 dm. high; branches densely long-hairy as well as puberulent; leaves fleshy, densely pubescent with both long and short hairs, almost canescent, 5-10 cm. long, oblanceolate or linear-oblanceolate in outline, the earlier pinnately round-lobed, the rest entire and narrower; peduncles 2-10 cm. long; bracts lanceolate, herbaceous nearly throughout, densely pubescent and ciliate; fimbrillae stout, subulate, longer than the achenes; ray-flowers neutral; ligules about 15 mm. long, wholly purple or tipped with yellow; disk-corollas 6 mm. long; tube about 1 mm. long; throat cylindro-campanulate; lobes acuminate, moniliform-ciliate; achenes 2 mm. long, densely hirsute; squamellae 5-6 mm. long, lanceolate, rather gradually attenuate into
an awn.
Type locality: Louisiana.
DISTRIBUTION: Sea beaches, Texas to South Carolina and Florida.
bibliyografik atıf
Per Axel Rydberg. 1915. (CARDUALES); CARDUACEAE; HELENIEAE, TAGETEAE. North American flora. vol 34(2). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY

Kokarda sličná ( Çekçe )

wikipedia CZ tarafından sağlandı

Kokarda sličná (Gaillardia pulchella) je vysoká letnička s velkými, sytě zbarvenými květy (květními úbory). Pochází z jihozápadních oblastí Spojených států a na rozhraní 18. a 19. století byla pro své krásné květy rozšířena do mnoha zemí po celém světě. V České republice se vysazuje již přes dvě století, někdy přechodně zplaňuje a stává se neofytem české flory.

Popis

Jednoletá bylina s až 60 cm vysokou, rozvětvenou lodyhou. Listy má přisedlé, obkopinaté, podlouhlé, ze spodní strany měkce pýřité, 5 až 10 cm dlouhé a 0,5 až 1 cm široké. Tvarované bývají různě, mohou být celokrajné, zubaté i peřenolaločné.

Na stopkách dlouhých 5 až 20 cm vyrůstají květní úbory široké 3 až 5 cm. Ve středu květního lůžka bývá 40 až 100 drobných, oboupohlavných květů s trubkovitou korunou zbarvenou nažloutle, fialově či hnědě; někdy bývá i dvojbarevná. Po obvodě je 8 až 14 samičích jazykovitých květů s korunou načervenalou, purpurovou nebo vzácně žlutou, jejich liguly jsou dlouhé 1,5 až 3 cm. Trojřadý zákrov je tvořen mnoha úzce kopinatými, brvitými listeny. Ochmýřené nažky (semena), asi 2 mm dlouhé, jsou pyramidálního tvaru a bývají odnášeny větrem na dlouhé vzdálenosti. Ploidie druhu je 2n = 34.

Pěstování

Rostliny nejlépe rostou ve středně suché, na humus a živiny bohaté, dobře odvodněné půdě na plném slunci. Nesnášejí zeminu kyselou, zamokřenou a nepropustnou. Semena se vysévají na venkovní stanoviště po přejití jarních mrazíků nebo do skleníků o čtyři až šest týdnů dříve. Vykvétají v období od května do srpna, pro prodloužení doby kvetení je vhodné odkvetlé květy ořezat a podpořit tak tvorbu nových. Ve středoevropském prostředí rostliny příliš netrpí škodlivým hmyzem, jen někdy na jejich listech sají mšice. Kokarda sličná se používá k plošné výsadbě, na lemy záhonů či chodníků a je vhodná i k řezu.

Bylo vyšlechtěno mnoho kultivarů hustého keřovitého vzrůstu s různě bohatými květy i s odchylně tvarovanými a rozličně zbarvenými paprsky jazykových květů, vyskytují se i dvojbarevné. Šlechtí se také na co největší pevnost a délku lodyhy i na dlouhou dobu kvetení. Kokarda sličná je společně s kokardou osinatou rodičem velmi úspěšného hybridu kokarda velkokvětá (Gaillardia x grandiflora), který se v současnosti velmi často pěstuje.[1][2][3][4]

Galerie

Reference

  1. UHER, Jiří; KUŤKOVÁ, Tatiana. Produkce a použití trvalek: Gaillardia [online]. Zahradnická fakulta, Mendelova univerzita v Brně, rev. 2007 [cit. 2015-05-27]. Dostupné online. (česky)
  2. Flora of North America: Gaillardia pulchella [online]. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA, USA [cit. 2015-05-27]. Dostupné online. (anglicky)
  3. Flora of China: Gaillardia pulchella [online]. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA, USA [cit. 2015-05-27]. Dostupné online. (anglicky)
  4. Plant Finder: Gaillardia pulchella [online]. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, USA [cit. 2015-05-27]. Dostupné online. (anglicky)

Externí odkazy

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Kokarda sličná: Brief Summary ( Çekçe )

wikipedia CZ tarafından sağlandı

Kokarda sličná (Gaillardia pulchella) je vysoká letnička s velkými, sytě zbarvenými květy (květními úbory). Pochází z jihozápadních oblastí Spojených států a na rozhraní 18. a 19. století byla pro své krásné květy rozšířena do mnoha zemí po celém světě. V České republice se vysazuje již přes dvě století, někdy přechodně zplaňuje a stává se neofytem české flory.

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Gaillardia pulchella ( İngilizce )

wikipedia EN tarafından sağlandı

Gaillardia pulchella (firewheel, Indian blanket, Indian blanketflower, or sundance) is a North American species of short-lived perennial or annual flowering plants in the sunflower family.[3][4][5][6][7][8]

Description

The branching stem of G. pulchella is hairy and upright, growing to 60 centimetres (24 inches) tall.[9] The leaves are alternate, mostly basal, 4–8 cm (1+583+18 in) long, with edges smooth to coarsely toothed or lobed. It has a hairy stem, simple or branched near the base, where the leaves are essentially located towards the bottom of the plant.

The pinwheel, daisy-like inflorescences are 4–6.5 cm in diameter,[9] vividly colored with red, orange and yellow and is surrounded by 10 to 20 ray florets up to 2 cm;[9] the ligule has three lobes. The central disc florets of the flower head tend to be more red-violet, with the outer ray florets being yellow. In one variety, almost the entire flower is red, with only the barest tips of the petals touched with yellow. It typically blooms from May to July,[9] but does so practically year-round in some areas.

The fruit is an achene, almost pyramidal, hairy, and prolonged by a pappus 5 to 8 millimetres (316 to 516 in) in length.[10][11]

Distribution and habitat

It is native to northern Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, Sonora, Tamaulipas) and the southern and central United States from Arizona east to Florida and the Carolinas and north as far as Nebraska.[12] It is also naturalized in scattered locations in other parts of the U.S. as well as in Québec, Ontario,[9] China, South Africa, and parts of Central and South America. The plant generally lives in the sandy plains and deserts of the south of the North American continent. It is common along the roads and prefers sandy soils. It can also grow on vacant lots in urban areas, but generally below 1,000 metres (3,300 feet) above sea level.[13]

The flower has also been introduced to the Penghu Islands in Taiwan, where it is the County Flower of Penghu County. It is called "天人菊" ("Tianren Daisy") in Chinese.[14]

Ecology

The plant is a larval host to the bordered patch butterfly (Chlosyne lacinia) and the painted schinia moth (Schinia volupia), which feed upon its foliage.[15]

Cultivation

G. pulchella is a hardy plant, not picky about soil, though sandy and well-drained are best. It has a high drought tolerance and does best with a dry, hot climate in full sun. Its vibrantly colored flowers can be seen carpeting fields and the sides of highways for miles in the summer to late fall. Favored by honeybees, it produces a dark reddish amber buttery tasting honey. In the garden, the flowers can be deadheaded to promote further blooming. It self-seeds freely.

Cultivars

'Torch Yellow' cultivar

Gaillardia pulchella (with the perennial Gaillardia aristata) is the parent of Gaillardia × grandiflora, a hybrid, from which several cultivars have been created. One of these is 'Sundance Bicolor', a perennial double-form with the flower heads having florets of alternating red and yellow. Because of its bright colors, it is well adapted in the sun. Others are 'Goblin' and 'Tangerine'.[16][17]

Culture

It is the state wildflower of Oklahoma.

Gallery

References

  1. ^ NatureServe Explorer record. explorer.natureserve.org.
  2. ^ The Plant List, Gaillardia pulchella Foug.
  3. ^ Turner, B. L. 2013. The comps of Mexico. A systematic account of the family Asteraceae (chapter 11: tribe Helenieae). Phytologia Memoirs 16: 1–100
  4. ^ Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck. (eds.) 2014. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia, Monographs in systematic botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127(1–2): i–viii, 1–1744
  5. ^ Nelson, C. H. 2008. Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares de Honduras 1–1576. Secretaria de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Tegucigalpa
  6. ^ Gibbs Russell, G. E., W. G. M. Welman, E. Retief, K. L. Immelman, G. Germishuizen, B. J. Pienaar, M. Van Wyk & A. Nicholas. 1987. List of species of southern African plants. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa 2(1–2): 1–152(pt. 1), 1–270(pt. 2).
  7. ^ Flora of China, Gaillardia pulchella Fougeroux, 1788. 天人菊 tian ren ju
  8. ^ United States Department of Agriculture Plant Profile: Gaillardia pulchella
  9. ^ a b c d e Spellenberg, Richard (2001) [1979]. National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers: Western Region (rev ed.). Knopf. pp. 374–375. ISBN 978-0-375-40233-3.
  10. ^ Flora of North America: Gaillardia pulchella Fougeroux, 1788. Firewheel, Indian blanket
  11. ^ "Gaillardia pulchella". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 24 December 2017.
  12. ^ Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map
  13. ^ MacMahon JA (1997) Deserts , National Audubon Society Nature Guides, AA Knopf Inc. ISBN 0-394-73139-5
  14. ^ "Penghu County Flower".
  15. ^ The Xerces Society (2016), Gardening for Butterflies: How You Can Attract and Protect Beautiful, Beneficial Insects, Timber Press.
  16. ^ Colorado State University: Gaillardia pulchella 'Sundance Bicolor'
  17. ^ Seeds and More: Gaillardia 'Sundance Bicolor'

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Gaillardia pulchella: Brief Summary ( İngilizce )

wikipedia EN tarafından sağlandı

Gaillardia pulchella (firewheel, Indian blanket, Indian blanketflower, or sundance) is a North American species of short-lived perennial or annual flowering plants in the sunflower family.

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Gaillardia pulchella ( Fransızca )

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Gaillardia pulchella (gaillarde jolie, gaillarde mignonne[1]) est une espèce de plantes herbacées de la famille des Asteraceae, originaire du Mexique et du sud-ouest des États-Unis. Des cultivars et des hybrides de l'espèce sont utilisés en horticulture.

Histoire de la nomenclature et étymologie

La première description botanique de l'espèce, due au botaniste Fougeroux de Bondaroy, fut publiée en 1786[2], dans un mémoire de l'Académie royale des sciences. « Nous devons cette plante à M. le comte d'Essales, chevalier de Saint-Louis, qui en a rapporté les graines de la Louisiane ; nous l'avons eue des semences recueillies en France,& que nous multiplions depuis deux ans ». Le botaniste parisien la nomme Gaillardia pulchella, en retenant pour nom de genre Gaillardia en hommage à un de ses amis, magistrat et botaniste amateur, Gaillard de Charentonneau, et pour épithète spécifique pulchella, la forme fléchie de pulchellus « joli, tout charmant » (Gaffiot[3]).

Planche I et II publiées en 1786 par Fougeroux Gaillardia pulchella Fougeroux planche I.jpg Planche II publiée en 1786 par Fougeroux. Plante entière Capitules, fleurs et feuilles

Synonymes

The Plant List retient les synonymes[4] :

  • Calonnea pulcherrima Buc'hoz
  • Gaillardia bicolor Lam.
  • Gaillardia drummondii (Hook.) DC.
  • Gaillardia lobata Buckley
  • Gaillardia neomexicana A.Nelson
  • Gaillardia picta D.Don
  • Gaillardia scabrosa Buckley
  • Gaillardia villosa Rydb.
  • Galordia alternifolia Raeusch.

Description morphologique

 src=
Aspect général

Appareil végétatif

Cette plante annuelle (parfois persistante) est dressée de 5 à 35 cm (jusqu'à 60 cm) de hauteur[5]. Elle possède une tige velue, simple ou ramifiée près de la base, où les feuilles sont essentiellement situées vers le bas de la plante. Ces feuilles, de 7,5 cm de long environ, sont velues, alternes, sessiles, oblongues et peuvent être entières, lobées ou dentelées[6].

Appareil reproducteur

La floraison survient de mai à juillet. Les "fleurs" sont en fait des capitules de 4 à 7,5 cm de diamètre, dont le dôme central, brun rouge, est entouré de 10 à 20 fleurons ligulés à trois lobes, de couleur rouge ou rose plus ou moins foncé à la base et jaune à l'extrémité, de 1,3 à 2 cm de long[6]. Les fleurons centraux sont tubulaires, nombreux (de 40 à 100), jaunâtres, pourpres ou bruns[5]. Ces capitules sont précédés par des bractées vertes, lancéolées.

Le fruit ressemble à des graines mais il s'agit en fait d'akènes[6],[7] de forme presque pyramidale, velus, et prolongés par un pappus de 5 à 8 mm de longueur[8].

Le nombre de chromosomes chez cette espèce est 2n = 34[9].

Répartition et habitat

 src=
Gaillardia pulchella, Oahu, Waimanalo, Hawaï

Gaillardia pulchella vit dans les plaines sableuses et les déserts du sud du continent nord-américain. Elle est commune le long des routes. Elle préfère les sols sableux[7]. Elle peut aussi pousser sur des terrains vagues en zone urbaine, mais généralement en dessous de 1000 m d'altitude[8].

Son aire de répartition s'étend, au nord, du Colorado et du Nebraska au Mexique, au sud. Elle s'est naturalisée dans diverses autres régions des États-Unis, du Canada, de la Chine, de l'Afrique du Sud et d'Amérique centrale et du sud.

Des cultivars et des hybrides de Gaillardia pulchella sont cultivés en horticulture[5]. L'hybride le plus cultivé, Gaillardia ×grandiflora Van Houtte[n 1] (G. aristata x G. pulchella) est connue sous le nom de Gaillarde à grandes fleurs[1]. C'est une plante vivace possédant une longue floraison du printemps à l'automne.

Variétés

Selon Catalogue of Life (9 janv. 2013)[10], il existerait quatre variétés de Gaillardia pulchella :

  • variété Gaillardia pulchella var. australis B.L.Turner & Whalen
  • variété Gaillardia pulchella var. drummondii (Hook.) B.L. Turner
  • variété Gaillardia pulchella var. picta (D. Don) A. Gray
  • variété Gaillardia pulchella var. pulchella Foug.

Selon le Missouri Botanical Garden, Gaillardia pulchella var. australis Turner & M.A. Whalen et Gaillardia pulchella var. picta (Sweet) Gray serait non valides et synonymes de Gaillardia pulchella[11].

Gaillardia pulchella et l'homme

Les Amérindiens Kiowas pensaient que cette fleur porte chance. La fleur de cette plante est la fleur sauvage choisie pour représenter l'Oklahoma.

Notes

  1. Louis Van Houtte (1810-1876) est un horticulteur et collectionneur flamand

Références

  1. a et b Natacha Mauric, « Gaillardia x grandiflora - Gaillarde à grandes fleurs »
  2. Fougeroux de Bondaroy, « Description d'un nouveau genre de plante », dans B. de Fontenelle, Mairan, Grandjean de Fouchy, Condorcet, Histoire de l'Académie royale des sciences ... avec les mémoires de mathématique & de physique, Paris, J. Boudot, Imprimerie royale, Imprimerie du Pont, 1786 (lire en ligne)
  3. Gaffiot
  4. The Plant List, « Gaillardia pulchella Foug. »
  5. a b et c (en) Référence Flora of North America : Gaillardia pulchella Fougeroux
  6. a b et c MacMahon J.A. (1997) Deserts, National Audubon Society Nature Guides, Knopf A.A. Inc, (ISBN 0-394-73139-5)
  7. a et b Michael Haddock, « Indian Blanket Flower », sur www.kswildflower.org, Kansas Wildflowers and Grasses, juillet 2007 (consulté le 29 juin 2009)
  8. a et b (en) SEINet, « Gaillardia pulchella Foug. », sur http://swbiodiversity.org (consulté le 16 juillet 2010)
  9. (en) Missouri Botanical Garden, « Gaillardia pulchella Foug. ; Chromosome counts », sur http://www.tropicos.org (consulté le 28 août 2010)
  10. Bánki, O., Roskov, Y., Vandepitte, L., DeWalt, R. E., Remsen, D., Schalk, P., Orrell, T., Keping, M., Miller, J., Aalbu, R., Adlard, R., Adriaenssens, E., Aedo, C., Aescht, E., Akkari, N., Alonso-Zarazaga, M. A., Alvarez, B., Alvarez, F., Anderson, G., et al. (2021). Catalogue of Life Checklist (Version 2021-10-18). Catalogue of Life. https://doi.org/10.48580/d4t2, consulté le 9 janv. 2013
  11. Missouri Botanical Garden, « Gaillardia pulchella Foug. ; synonyms », sur http://www.tropicos.org (consulté le 28 août 2010)

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Gaillardia pulchella: Brief Summary ( Fransızca )

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Gaillardia pulchella (gaillarde jolie, gaillarde mignonne) est une espèce de plantes herbacées de la famille des Asteraceae, originaire du Mexique et du sud-ouest des États-Unis. Des cultivars et des hybrides de l'espèce sont utilisés en horticulture.

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Gaillardia pulchella ( İtalyanca )

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Gaillardia pulchella Foug., 1788 è una pianta erbacea della famiglia delle Asteracee.[1]

Note

  1. ^ (EN) Gaillardia pulchella, su plantsoftheworldonline.org. URL consultato il 5 maggio 2020.

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Gaillardia pulchella: Brief Summary ( İtalyanca )

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Gaillardia pulchella Foug., 1788 è una pianta erbacea della famiglia delle Asteracee.

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Puošnioji gailiardija ( Litvanca )

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Binomas Gaillardia pulchella

Puošnioji gailiardija (lot. Gaillardia pulchella, angl. Firewheel) – astrinių (Asteraceae) šeimos, gailiardijų (Gaillardia) genties augalas.

Augalas 35-100 cm aukščio. Stiebas stačias, šakotas. Lapai plaukuoti. Graižai dideli, sutelkti šakų galuose. Žydi lieposspalio mėn.


Vikiteka

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Puošnioji gailiardija: Brief Summary ( Litvanca )

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Puošnioji gailiardija (lot. Gaillardia pulchella, angl. Firewheel) – astrinių (Asteraceae) šeimos, gailiardijų (Gaillardia) genties augalas.

Augalas 35-100 cm aukščio. Stiebas stačias, šakotas. Lapai plaukuoti. Graižai dideli, sutelkti šakų galuose. Žydi lieposspalio mėn.


Vikiteka

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Gaillardia pulchella ( Portekizce )

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Gaillardia pulchella é uma espécie de planta com flor pertencente à família Asteraceae.

A autoridade científica da espécie é Foug., tendo sido publicada em Histoire de l'académie royale des sciences. Avec les mémoires de mathématique & de physique 1786: 5, f. 1. 1788.[1]

Portugal

Trata-se de uma espécie presente no território português, nomeadamente no Arquipélago da Madeira.

Em termos de naturalidade é introduzida na região atrás indicada.

Protecção

Não se encontra protegida por legislação portuguesa ou da Comunidade Europeia.

Variedade picta

Gaillardia pulchella var. picta é uma variedade ornamental do gênero Gaillardia, que como a Gaillardia pulchella var. pulchella é oriunda da América Central e América do Norte. Ambas são cultivadas em jardins no Brasil. Possuem grandes e vistosos capítulos florais conhecidos por laços espanhóis.

Referências

  1. Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 7 de Outubro de 2014 http://www.tropicos.org/Name/2700783>

Bibliografia

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Gaillardia pulchella: Brief Summary ( Portekizce )

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Gaillardia pulchella é uma espécie de planta com flor pertencente à família Asteraceae.

A autoridade científica da espécie é Foug., tendo sido publicada em Histoire de l'académie royale des sciences. Avec les mémoires de mathématique & de physique 1786: 5, f. 1. 1788.

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Lạc cúc ( Vietnamca )

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Lạc cúc (danh pháp khoa học: Gaillardia pulchella) là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Cúc. Loài này được Foug. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1788.[1]

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Gaillardia pulchella. Truy cập ngày 4 tháng 6 năm 2013.

Liên kết ngoài

 src= Wikimedia Commons có thư viện hình ảnh và phương tiện truyền tải về Lạc cúc  src= Wikispecies có thông tin sinh học về Lạc cúc


Bài viết về chủ đề Phân họ Cúc này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Lạc cúc: Brief Summary ( Vietnamca )

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Lạc cúc (danh pháp khoa học: Gaillardia pulchella) là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Cúc. Loài này được Foug. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1788.

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天人菊 ( Çince )

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二名法 Gaillardia pulchella
Foug.

天人菊学名Gaillardia pulchella),又名虎皮菊老虎皮菊(上海)、中心菊矢車天人菊,是菊科天人菊属的植物,分布於北美洲、美洲热带、美洲大陆,原產於美國中部,是一種生长期很短的一年生植物,目前已由人工引种栽培。[1]

天人菊是美国奥克拉荷马州的州花,也是臺灣澎湖縣的縣花。

形态

 src=
管状花深紫红色,舌状花基部至中部为淡紫红色,顶端黄色

天人菊的侧枝直立,被密毛,株高0.6-1米;互生,多为基生,长4-8厘米,叶全缘、具粗齿或浅裂。头状花序直径4-6厘米,鲜红、橙或黄色。舌状花基部与中部的管状花为紫红色,舌状花先端为黄色。一些变种的花冠完全为红色,仅在舌状花花瓣先端有一抹黄色。在某些地区,天人菊能够全年开花,不过一般其花期为夏季至初秋。果实为胞果,种子与果实同形。其果实密集多刺,非常与众不同。

栽培

天人菊耐寒性好,对土壤没有特别的要求,不过砂质土壤以及排水良好的土壤最适於其生长,且不喜湿。其耐旱性很好,在阳光充足、干燥炎热的气候下能良好生长,夏季至晚秋常见於毡草田野和公路边几英里长的沿线。在园艺中,通过摘除花蕾,可促进天人菊进一步开放。冬季时地上部分枯萎,根部宿留在地下越冬,春季再次发芽。

天人菊可通过播种、分株扦插的方法繁殖,而根插法需要一定的技术。

天人菊的很多栽培种已被选育出来,主要为具有红黄色交替的覆轮状花盘的栽培种。近期选育出的栽培种“Sundance Bicolor”的花头颜色红黄交替,因为其颜色鲜艳,适於在阳光下种植,此栽培种的花型与菊属很相似。Plume种系的天人菊为重瓣花型,类似矢车菊。

参考文献

  1. ^ 昆明植物研究所. 天人菊. 《中国高等植物数据库全库》. 中国科学院微生物研究所. [2009-02-25]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-05) (中文(中国大陆)‎).

外部链接

 src= 维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源:天人菊  src= 维基物种中的分类信息:天人菊
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天人菊: Brief Summary ( Çince )

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天人菊(学名:Gaillardia pulchella),又名虎皮菊、老虎皮菊(上海)、中心菊、矢車天人菊,是菊科天人菊属的植物,分布於北美洲、美洲热带、美洲大陆,原產於美國中部,是一種生长期很短的一年生植物,目前已由人工引种栽培。

天人菊是美国奥克拉荷马州的州花,也是臺灣澎湖縣的縣花。

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テンニンギク ( Japonca )

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Question book-4.svg
この記事は検証可能参考文献や出典が全く示されていないか、不十分です。
出典を追加して記事の信頼性向上にご協力ください。2010年12月
テンニンギク Firewheel or Indian Blanket with a Spider at the back.jpg
テンニンギクの花
分類 : 植物界 Plantae : 被子植物門 Magnoliophyta : 双子葉植物綱 Magnoliopsida 亜綱 : キク亜綱 Asteridae : キク目 Asterales : キク科 Asteraceae 亜科 : キク亜科 Asteroideae : テンニンギク属 Gaillardia : テンニンギク G. pulchella 学名 Gaillardia pulchella Foug. 和名 テンニンギク(天人菊) 英名 Firewheel,
Indian blanket,
Indian blanketflower,
Sundance

テンニンギク(天人菊、学名Gaillardia pulchella)は、キク科テンニンギク属の1種。インディアンブランケット (Indian blanket)、サンダンス (Sundance) とも。ガイラルディア (Gaillardia)、ブランケットフラワー (Blanketflower) ともいうがこれらは正確にはテンニンギク属の総称であり、この属のオオテンニンギクや改良品種なども同様に呼ばれる。鹿児島県などで特攻花とも呼ばれる事がある。

英名の「インディアン」はインドではなくアメリカンインディアンの意味。和名ではキクの名を冠するが正確にはキク(キク属またはその1種)ではなく、別属である。

分布[編集]

北アメリカ(アメリカ合衆国からメキシコ)を原産地とする[1]

日本、台湾中国ハワイに帰化している[1]

特徴[編集]

多年草だが1年で花をつけるため一年草として扱われることも多い。高さは60センチメートルから1メートル前後(30センチメートル程度の矮性種も出回っている)。初夏からにかけて直径6〜8センチメートル程度の花を咲かせる。強い耐寒性を持ち、冬季は地上部は枯れ落ちるもののの部分のみで越冬、春に再び発芽する。また夏の暑さにも強く、概ね土質を選ばず成長する事もあり頑強で育て易い。ただし加湿な環境に若干弱いので注意が必要。なお種は棘状で、特徴的な球形に密集して実る。

増殖は種蒔き、株分け、挿し芽。やや技術を要するが根伏せでも可能。

赤色に黄色の覆輪がある2色の花弁を持つ品種(バイカラーと呼ばれる)が一般的だが、黄色や赤色の単色品種などもあり園芸品種としての選択肢は比較的広い。花の形はキク(小菊)に似るが、改良品種のひとつであるプルーム(プルム、プラム、Plume)系の品種がつける花はヤグルマギクにも似た特徴的な八重咲きである。

文化[編集]

  • 第二次世界大戦中に鹿児島県知覧町から沖縄へ出撃する陸軍特攻隊の中継基地が喜界島にあり、ここから二度と戻らない決死の飛行に飛び立っていった。夜明け前に出撃する特攻隊員に、テンニンギクの花束を渡したため、特攻花と呼ばれている。戦後、基地は喜界空港となったが、現在も周囲には多くのテンニンギクが咲いている。

テンニンギクを主題にした作品[編集]

参考文献[編集]

  1. ^ a b テンニンギク 国立環境研究所 侵入生物DB
 src= ウィキメディア・コモンズには、テンニンギクに関連するメディアがあります。 執筆の途中です この項目は、植物に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めていますプロジェクト:植物Portal:植物)。
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テンニンギク: Brief Summary ( Japonca )

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テンニンギク(天人菊、学名:Gaillardia pulchella)は、キク科テンニンギク属の1種。インディアンブランケット (Indian blanket)、サンダンス (Sundance) とも。ガイラルディア (Gaillardia)、ブランケットフラワー (Blanketflower) ともいうがこれらは正確にはテンニンギク属の総称であり、この属のオオテンニンギクや改良品種なども同様に呼ばれる。鹿児島県などで特攻花とも呼ばれる事がある。

英名の「インディアン」はインドではなくアメリカンインディアンの意味。和名ではキクの名を冠するが正確にはキク(キク属またはその1種)ではなく、別属である。

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인디언천인국 ( Korece )

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인디언천인국(---天人菊, Gaillardia pulchella)은 국화과 천인국속한해살이풀이다. 멕시코 북부, 미국 남부, 미국 중부가 원산지이다.

여러해살이풀이지만 1년 동안 꽃이 피기 때문에 한해살이풀로 분류되기도 한다. 높이는 60cm 정도이며 초여름부터 가을까지는 지름 6 ~ 8cm 정도의 꽃이 핀다.

강한 내성을 갖고 있는데 겨울에는 지상에서 꽃이 시들고 뿌리 부분만 월동하며 봄에 다시 꽃이 핀다. 여름 더위에 강한 편이며 토양의 성질을 가리지 않고 성장한다.

외부 링크

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인디언천인국: Brief Summary ( Korece )

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인디언천인국(---天人菊, Gaillardia pulchella)은 국화과 천인국속한해살이풀이다. 멕시코 북부, 미국 남부, 미국 중부가 원산지이다.

여러해살이풀이지만 1년 동안 꽃이 피기 때문에 한해살이풀로 분류되기도 한다. 높이는 60cm 정도이며 초여름부터 가을까지는 지름 6 ~ 8cm 정도의 꽃이 핀다.

강한 내성을 갖고 있는데 겨울에는 지상에서 꽃이 시들고 뿌리 부분만 월동하며 봄에 다시 꽃이 핀다. 여름 더위에 강한 편이며 토양의 성질을 가리지 않고 성장한다.

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