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Brief Overview of Tubothalamea ( İngilizce )

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Tubothalamea is the name given by Pawlowski et al. (2013: Fig 1) to a monophyletic taxon, or subclade, within the more inclusive clade Foraminifera. The authors employ a rank-based system of nomenclature (e.g, Linnean nomenclature), assigning the taxonomic rank of Class to Tubothalamea.

The diagnostic morphological characters of Tubothalamea as given by Pawlowski et al. (2013: 8)are as follows: “ bi- or multi-chambered test with tubular chambers at least in the juvenile stage; wall agglutinated or calcareous; in ancestral forms the test is composed of a spherical proloculus followed by a spirally enrolled tubular chamber; more evolved forms have multi-chambered tests.” The molecular synapomorphies for the clade Tubothalamea given by Pawlowski et al. (2013: 8)are: a relatively short SSU rRNA gene (2289-2866 nt), and a very low (<30%) GC content.

The taxonomic composition of Tubothalamea as defined by Pawlowski et al. (2013: 8)is: Spirillinida (Spirillina sp., Ammodiscus sp. 1, and Ammodiscus sp. 2), and Miliolida (Cornuspira sp., Triloculina sp., Borelis schlumbergeri, Quinqueloculina seminulum, Peneroplis pertusus, Sorites sp., Amphisorus hemprichii, and Marginopora vertebralis).

The geologic range given for Tubothalamea is Lower Cambrian to Recent.

In reference to the phylogeny of Foraminifera depicted in Figure 1 (Pawlowski et al. 2013: 4), Tubothalamea is more closely related to Clade BM, an unnamed clade comprised of Bathysiphon argenteus + Micrometula sp., than to Globothalamea or any of the basal monothalamiid lineages.

As depicted on the reference phylogeny of Foraminifera (Pawlowski et al. 2013: Fig. 1), in which the node is labeled with drawing of a coiled tube, the name Tubothalamea refers to a node-based crown clade, a clade whose name could also be defined using a node-based phylogenetic definition. See Article 2.2 in the PhyloCode Cantino and de Queiroz (2010)for a detailed explanation of phylogenetic nomenclature. Examples of node-based definitions for Tubothalamea are: “the least inclusive clade containing Marginopora vertebralis Quoy and Gaimard, 1830, and Ammodiscus sp. (GenBank accession: HE998691),” or“the clade originating with the most recent common ancestor of Marginopora vertebralis Quoy and Gaimard, 1830, and Ammodiscus sp. (GenBank accession: HE998691).”

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Susan L. Richardson
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Richardson, Susan L. 2014. Tubothalamea. Brief Summary. Brief Overview of Tubothalamea. In Encyclopedia of Life. http://eol.org/pages/39300050/overview
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Susan Richardson (SLRichardson)
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Tubothalamea ( İngilizce )

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Tubothalamea[1] is a taxonomic class established for foraminiferans with tubular chambers. Includes the porcelaceous and agglutinated Miliolida and the monocrystalline and agglutinated Spirillinida. It is one of two classes of multichambered foraminifera based on SSU rDNA molecular studies with consideration of major morphological trands,[2] the other being the Globothalamea.

References

  1. ^ World Foraminifera Database -Tubothalamea
  2. ^ Pawlowski, Jan; Holzmann, Maria; Tyszka, Jarosław (2013). "New supraordinal classification of Foraminifera: Molecules meet morphology". Marine Micropaleontology. 100: 1–10. doi:10.1016/j.marmicro.2013.04.002.
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Tubothalamea: Brief Summary ( İngilizce )

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Tubothalamea is a taxonomic class established for foraminiferans with tubular chambers. Includes the porcelaceous and agglutinated Miliolida and the monocrystalline and agglutinated Spirillinida. It is one of two classes of multichambered foraminifera based on SSU rDNA molecular studies with consideration of major morphological trands, the other being the Globothalamea.

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Tubothalamea ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

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Los tubotálamos (Tubothalamea) son una clase de foraminíferos bentónicos (filo Foraminifera)[1]​ que presentan conchas bicameradas o multicameradas con cámaras tubulares al menos en el estadio juvenil, muchas veces enrolladas espiralmente. La pared de la concha es aglutinada o calcárea. En las formas ancestrales la concha está compuesta de un prolóculo esférico seguido de un cámara tubular espiralmente enrollada. Las formas más evolucionadas tienen conchas multicameradas. Su rango cronoestratigráfico abarca desde el Cámbrico hasta el presente.

Discusión

De acuerdo a estudios de filogenia molecular con especies actuales, Tubothalamea incluye a los órdenes Miliolida y Spirillinida.[1]​ Teniendo en cuenta las relaciones filogenéticas con otros grupos, tanto actuales como fósiles, establecidas mediante caracteres morfológicos, probablemente incluye también a los órdenes Fusulinida, Involutinida y Silicoloculinida.[2]​ Tubothalamea debiera ser rebajado a la categoría de subclase, es decir, subclase Tubothalamia, si los foraminíferos son finalmente considerados una clase (clase Foraminifera).[3]

Clasificación

Tubothalamea incluye a los siguientes órdenes:

Otros órdenes considerados en este grupo han sido:

Referencias

  1. a b Pawłowski, J., Holzmann, M., y Tyszka, J. (2013). New supraordinal classification of Foraminifera: Molecules meet morphology. Marine Micropaleontology, 100: 1–10.
  2. Sen Gupta, B.K. (1999). Systematics of modern Foraminifera. En: Sen Gupta, B.K. (Ed.), Modern Foraminifera. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 7–36.
  3. Loeblich, A.R., Jr. y Tappan, H. (1992). Present Status of Foraminiferal Classification. Studies in Benthic Foraminifera en Benthos'90, Sendai (1990), Tokai University Press, 93-102.
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Tubothalamea: Brief Summary ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

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Los tubotálamos (Tubothalamea) son una clase de foraminíferos bentónicos (filo Foraminifera)​ que presentan conchas bicameradas o multicameradas con cámaras tubulares al menos en el estadio juvenil, muchas veces enrolladas espiralmente. La pared de la concha es aglutinada o calcárea. En las formas ancestrales la concha está compuesta de un prolóculo esférico seguido de un cámara tubular espiralmente enrollada. Las formas más evolucionadas tienen conchas multicameradas. Su rango cronoestratigráfico abarca desde el Cámbrico hasta el presente.

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Tubothalamea ( Fransızca )

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Les Tubothalamea sont une classe de foraminifères.

Liste des ordres

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Un foraminifère actuel in situ, probablement de la famille des Soritidae.

Selon World Register of Marine Species (28 mars 2016)[1] :

Références taxinomiques

Notes et références

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Tubothalamea: Brief Summary ( Fransızca )

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Les Tubothalamea sont une classe de foraminifères.

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