Stolidobranchia Lahille 1886

Die Stolidobranchia (Gr.: Kiemendarm mit Ausläufern) oder Pleurogona sind sessil lebende Manteltiere (Tunicata, Urochordata) und werden in der traditionellen Systematik deshalb zur Klasse der "Seescheiden" (Ascidiacea) gezählt. Die Tiere sind teilweise sehr häufig. In der Rotalgenzone der westlichen Ostsee kann die Tangbeere (Dendrodoa grossularia) drei Viertel der gesamten Zoomasse stellen.

Merkmale

Die meisten Arten der Gruppe, z. B. die im Mittelmeer lebende Rote Seescheide, sind solitär und werden relativ groß. Tierstöcke bildende Arten gibt es in der Familie Styelidae. Ihr Körper ist ungegliedert, die Eingeweide liegen seitlich des Kiemendarms, der von längsgerichteten Gefäßen und Falten durchlaufen wird. Die unpaaren Gonaden liegen links und rechts an der Körperwand, die Kloakenhöhle entwickelt sich aus einer unpaaren dorsalen Einstülpung.

Äußere Systematik

Die koloniale Art Botrylloides violaceus

Die Seescheiden bilden nach DNA-Sequenzanalysen kein Monophylum. Ein Kladogramm zeigt die wahrscheinliche tatsächliche Verwandtschaft der Manteltiere. Die Stolidobranchia sind die basale Schwestergruppe aller anderen Taxa der Manteltiere:

Stolidobranchia ("Seescheiden")

Phlebobranchia ("Seescheiden")

Salpen (Thaliacea)

Aplousobranchia ("Seescheiden")

Appendikularien (Larvacea)

Familien

• Hexacrobylidae Seeliger, 1906
• Molgulidae Lacaze-Duthiers, 1877
• Plidaeuridae
• Pyuridae Hartmeyer, 1908
• Styelidae Sluiter, 1895

Literatur

• Wilfried Westheide, Reinhard Rieger: Spezielle Zoologie. Teil 1: Einzeller und Wirbellose Tiere. 2. Auflage. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg/ Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-8274-1575-2.
• Volker Storch, Ulrich Welsch: Systematische Zoologie. Fischer, 1997, ISBN 3-437-25160-0.
• K. Deckert, Gisela Deckert, G. E. Freytag, G. Peters, G. Sterba: Urania Tierreich, Fische, Lurche, Kriechtiere. Urania-Verlag, 1991, ISBN 3-332-00376-3.

Weblinks

– Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien

• A. Gittenberger, C. Monniot: Stolidobranchia. In: World Ciliophora Database. World Register of Marine Species. 2010. (marinespecies.org)

Stolidobranchia is an order of tunicates in the class Ascidiacea.^[1] The group includes both colonial and solitary animals. They are distinguished from other tunicates by the presence of folded pharyngeal baskets. This provides the etymology of their name: in ancient Greek, στολίς, ίδος means the "fold" of a cloth. Stolidobranchian sea squirts are also characterized by the complete absence of an abdomen. The abdominal organs of other tunicates are instead located to one side of the pharyngeal basket in this group.

Dendrodoa grossularia (Van Beneden, 1846) A ) on a shell; B) tadpoles (magnified x 9); a) branchial orifice b) atrial orifice

Taxonomy

• Molgulidae Lacaze-Duthiers 1877 [Hexacrobylidae Seeliger 1906; Caesiridae]
  • Anomopera Hartmeyer, 1923
  • Asajirus Kott, 1989 [Hexadactylus Monniot & Monniot 1990]
  • Bostrichobranchus Traustedt, 1883
  • Eugyra Alder & Hancock, 1870 [Eugyrioides Seeliger 1907]
  • Fungulus Herdman, 1882
  • Gamaster Pizon, 1896
  • Minipera Monniot & Monniot, 1974
  • Molgula Forbes, 1848 [Anurella Lacaze-Duthiers 1877; Ascopera Herdman 1881; Astropera Pizon 1898; Caesira Flemming 1822; Ctenicella Lacaze-Duthiers 1877; Cystingia MacLeay 1825; Eugyriopsis Roule 1885; Euritteria Huntsman 1922; Gymnocystis Giard 1872; Lithonephria Giard 1872; Lithonephrya Giard 1872; Meristocarpus Pizon 1899; Molgulidium Seeliger 1907; Molgulina Hartmeyer 1914; Pera Stimpson 1852; Syphonotethis Gervais 1840; Xenomolgula Ärnbäck 1931]
  • Molguloides Huntsman, 1922
  • Namiella Monniot & Monniot, 1968
  • Oligotrema Bourne, 1903 [Gasterascidia Monniot & Monniot 1968; Hexacrobylus Sluiter 1905; Sorbera Monniot & Monniot 1974]
  • Paramolgula Traustedt, 1835 [Stomatropa]
  • Pareugyrioides Hartmeyer, 1914
  • Protomolgula Monniot, 1971
  • Rhizomolgula Ritter, 1901
• Pyuridae Hartmeyer 1908 [Plidaeuridae]
  • Bathypera Michaelsen, 1904 [Halomolgula Ritter 1907]
  • Bathypyura Monniot & Monniot, 1973
  • Boltenia Savigny, 1816
  • Bolteniopsis Harant, 1927 [Liouvillea Sluiter 1929]
  • Claudenus Kott, 1998 [Ctenicella Kott 1972]
  • Cratostigma Monniot & Monniot, 1961
  • Ctenyura Van Name, 1918
  • Culeolus Herdman, 1881
  • Halocynthia Verrill, 1879 [Cynthia Savigny 1816; Holocynthia Verrill 1879; Tethyum Bohadsch 1761]
  • Hartmeyeria Ritter, 1913 [Ectorchis Huntsman 1922]
  • Hemistyela Millar, 1955
  • Herdmania Lahille, 1888 [Rhabdocynthia Herdman 1891]
  • Heterostigma Ärnbäck-Christie-Linde, 1924
  • Microcosmus Heller, 1877
  • Paraculeolus Vinogradova, 1970
  • Pyura Molina, 1782 [Cynthiopsis Michaelsen 1904; Forbesella Lacaze-Duthiers & Delage 1892; Forbesia Lacaze-Duthiers & Delage 1892; Hyalocynthia Oka 1930; Paracynthia Ärnbäck 1938; Podocynthia Oka 1929; Pyuropsis Michaelsen 1912]
  • Pyurella Monniot & Monniot, 1973
• Styelidae Sluiter 1895 [Botryllidae Giard 1875]
  • Alloeocarpa Michaelsen, 1900
  • Arnbackia Brewin, 1950
  • Asterocarpa Brewin, 1946
  • Bathyoncus Herdman, 1882
  • Bathystyeloides Seeliger, 1907
  • Berillia Brewin, 1952
  • Botryllocarpa Hartmeyer, 1909 [Protobotryllus Pizon 1908]
  • Botrylloides Milne-Edwards, 1841 [Metrocarpa Ärnbäck-Christie-Linde 1923; Sarcobotrylloides Drasche 1883]
  • Botryllus Gaertner, 1774 [Alcyonium Pallas 1766; Myxobotrus Oka 1931; Parabotryllus Kott 1975; Polycyclus Lamarck 1815]
  • Chorizocarpa Michaelsen, 1904
  • Cnemidocarpa Huntsman, 1913 [Azygocarpa Oka 1932; Ypsilocarpa Ärnbäck 1922]
  • Dendrodoa MacLeay, 1824 [Styelopsis Traustedt 1883]
  • Dextrocarpa Millar, 1955
  • Diandrocarpa Van Name, 1902
  • Dicarpa Millar, 1955
  • Distomus Gaertner, 1774 [Psilostyela Sluiter 1927]
  • Eusynstyela Michaelsen, 1904 [Michaelsenia Van Name 1902]
  • Gynandrocarpa Michaelsen, 1900
  • Kukenthalia Hartmeyer, 1903
  • Metandrocarpa Michaelsen, 1904 [Okamia Brewin 1948]
  • Monandrocarpa Michaelsen, 1904 [Monoandrocarpa Kott 1972]
  • Oculinaria Gray, 1868
  • Oligocarpa Hartmeyer, 1911
  • Pelonaia Forbes & Goodsir, 1841
  • Podostyela
  • Polyandrocarpa Michaelsen, 1904
  • Polycarpa Heller, 1877 [Glandula Stimpson 1852; Pandocia Fleming 1822; Paratona Huntsman 1913; Styeloides]
  • Polyzoa Lesson, 1831 [Chorizocormus Herdman 1886; Dictyostyela Oka 1926; Goodsiria Cunningham 1871; Monobotryllus (Agassiz 1880)]
  • Protostyela Millar, 1954
  • Psammobotrus Oka, 1932
  • Psammostyela Weinstein, 1961
  • Seriocarpa Diehl, 1969
  • Stolonica Lacaze-Duthiers & Délage, 1892 [Amphicarpa Michaelsen 1922; Thylacium Alder & Hancock 1907]
  • Styela Fleming, 1822 [Botryorchis Huntsman 1911; Clavellinopsis Fewkes 1889; Goniocarpa Huntsman 1912; Katatropa Huntsman 1912; Minostyela Kott 1969; Molstyela Oka 1934; Redikorzevia Oka 1929; Vannamea Oka 1932]
  • Symplegma Herdman, 1886
  • Syncarpa Redikorzev, 1913
  • Theodorella Michaelsen, 1922
  • Tibitin Monniot, 1983

References

Barnes, Robert D. (1982). Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. p. 1042. ISBN 0-03-056747-5.

Les Stolidobranchia sont un ordre de tuniciers de la classe des ascidies.

Liste des familles

Selon World Register of Marine Species (26 janvier 2021)^[1] :

• famille Molgulidae Lacaze-Duthiers, 1877
• famille Pyuridae Hartmeyer, 1908
• famille Styelidae Sluiter, 1895

• Molgula appendiculata

• Pyura spinifera

• Styela angularis

Références taxinomiques

• (en) Référence World Register of Marine Species : taxon Stolidobranchia Lahille, 1887 (+ liste familles + liste genres)
• (en) Référence Catalogue of Life : Stolidobranchia Lahille, 1886 (consulté le 12 novembre 2021)
• (fr+en) Référence ITIS : Stolidobranchia Lahille, 1887
• (en) Référence uBio : Stolidobranchia Lahille, 1887
• (en) Référence NCBI : Stolidobranchia (taxons inclus)

Notes et références

Stolidobranchia Lahille, 1887 è un ordine di organismi tunicati della classe Ascidiacea.^[1]

Tassonomia

Comprende le seguenti famiglie:^[1]

• Molgulidae Lacaze-Duthiers, 1877
• Pyuridae Hartmeyer, 1908
• Styelidae Sluiter, 1895

Note

Stolidobranchia sunt ordo Urochordatorum classis Ascidiaceorum. Grex animalia et colonialia et solitaria comprehendit, qui complicatis pharyngis corbibus et tota abdominis absentia ab aliis urochordatis distinguuntur. Abdominalia aliorum urochordatorum organa in uno corbis pharyngis latere insunt.

Bibliographia

• Barnes, Robert D. 1982. Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphiae: Holt-Saunders International. ISBN 0030567475.

Stolidobranchia zijn een orde van zakpijpen.

Families

• Molgulidae Lacaze-Duthiers, 1877
• Pyuridae Hartmeyer, 1908
• Styelidae Sluiter, 1895

Nomen dubium

• Plidaeuridae

Synoniemen

• Botryllidae Verrill, 1871 => Styelidae Sluiter, 1895
• Hexacrobylidae Seeliger, 1906 => Molgulidae Lacaze-Duthiers, 1877

Посилання

Barnes, Robert D. (1982). Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. с. 1042. ISBN 0-03-056747-5.

• Molgulidae
• Pyuridae
• Styelidae

• 1 Название
• 2 Классификация
• 3 Примечания
• 4 Литература

• Molgulidae Lacaze-Duthiers 1877 [syn. Hexacrobylidae Seeliger, 1906; Caesiridae]
  • Anomopera Hartmeyer, 1923
  • Asajirus Kott, 1989 [syn. Hexadactylus Monniot & Monniot, 1990]
  • Bostrichobranchus Traustedt, 1883
  • Eugyra Alder & Hancock, 1870 [syn. Eugyrioides Seeliger, 1907]
  • Fungulus Herdman, 1882
  • Gamaster Pizon, 1896
  • Minipera Monniot & Monniot, 1974
  • Molgula Forbes, 1848 [syn. Anurella Lacaze-Duthiers, 1877; Ascopera Herdman, 1881; Astropera Pizon, 1898; Caesira Flemming, 1822; Ctenicella Lacaze-Duthiers, 1877; Cystingia MacLeay, 1825; Eugyriopsis Roule, 1885; Euritteria Huntsman, 1922; Gymnocystis Giard, 1872; Lithonephria Giard, 1872; Lithonephrya Giard, 1872; Meristocarpus Pizon, 1899; Molgulidium Seeliger, 1907; Molgulina Hartmeyer, 1914; Syphonotethis Gervais, 1840; Xenomolgula Ärnbäck, 1931]
  • Molguloides Huntsman, 1922
  • Namiella Monniot & Monniot, 1968
  • Oligotrema Bourne, 1903 [syn. Gasterascidia Monniot & Monniot, 1968; Hexacrobylus Sluiter, 1905; Sorbera Monniot & Monniot, 1974]
  • Paramolgula Traustedt, 1835 [syn. Stomatropa]
  • Pareugyrioides Hartmeyer, 1914
  • Protomolgula Monniot, 1971
  • Rhizomolgula Ritter, 1901
• Pyuridae Hartmeyer 1908 [syn. Plidaeuridae]
  • Bathypera Michaelsen, 1904 [syn. Halomolgula Ritter, 1907]
  • Bathypyura Monniot & Monniot, 1973
  • Boltenia Savigny, 1816
  • Bolteniopsis Harant, 1927 [syn. Liouvillea Sluiter, 1929]
  • Claudenus Kott, 1998 [syn. Ctenicella Kott, 1972]
  • Cratostigma Monniot & Monniot, 1961
  • Ctenyura Van Name, 1918
  • Culeolus Herdman, 1881
  • Halocynthia Verrill, 1879 [syn. Cynthia Savigny, 1816; Holocynthia Verrill, 1879; Tethyum Bohadsch, 1761]
  • Hartmeyeria Ritter, 1913 [syn. Ectorchis Huntsman, 1922]
  • Hemistyela Millar, 1955
  • Herdmania Lahille, 1888 [syn. Rhabdocynthia Herdman, 1891]
  • Heterostigma Ärnbäck-Christie-Linde, 1924
  • Microcosmus Heller, 1877
  • Paraculeolus Vinogradova, 1970
  • Pyura Molina, 1782 [syn. Cynthiopsis Michaelsen, 1904; Forbesella Lacaze-Duthiers & Delage 1892; Forbesia Lacaze-Duthiers & Delage, 1892; Hyalocynthia Oka, 1930; Paracynthia Ärnbäck, 1938; Podocynthia Oka, 1929; Pyuropsis Michaelsen, 1912]
  • Pyurella Monniot & Monniot, 1973
• Styelidae Sluiter 1895 [syn. Botryllidae Giard, 1875]
  • Alloeocarpa Michaelsen, 1900
  • Arnbackia Brewin, 1950
  • Asterocarpa Brewin, 1946
  • Bathyoncus Herdman, 1882
  • Bathystyeloides Seeliger, 1907
  • Berillia Brewin, 1952
  • Botryllocarpa Hartmeyer, 1909 [syn. Protobotryllus Pizon, 1908]
  • Botrylloides Milne-Edwards, 1841 [syn. Metrocarpa Ärnbäck-Christie-Linde, 1923; Sarcobotrylloides Drasche 1883]
  • Botryllus Gaertner, 1774 [syn. Alcyonium Pallas, 1766; Myxobotrus Oka, 1931; Parabotryllus Kott, 1975; Polycyclus Lamarck, 1815]
  • Chorizocarpa Michaelsen, 1904
  • Cnemidocarpa Huntsman, 1913 [syn. Azygocarpa Oka, 1932; Ypsilocarpa Ärnbäck, 1922]
  • Dendrodoa MacLeay, 1824 [syn. Styelopsis Traustedt, 1883]
  • Dextrocarpa Millar, 1955
  • Diandrocarpa Van Name, 1902
  • Dicarpa Millar, 1955
  • Distomus Gaertner, 1774 [syn. Psilostyela Sluiter, 1927]
  • Eusynstyela Michaelsen, 1904 [syn. Michaelsenia Van Name, 1902]
  • Gynandrocarpa Michaelsen, 1900
  • Kukenthalia Hartmeyer, 1903
  • Metandrocarpa Michaelsen, 1904 [syn. Okamia Brewin, 1948]
  • Monandrocarpa Michaelsen, 1904 [syn. Monoandrocarpa Kott, 1972]
  • Oculinaria Gray, 1868
  • Oligocarpa Hartmeyer, 1911
  • Pelonaia Forbes & Goodsir, 1841
  • Podostyela Harant & Vernières, 1933
  • Polyandrocarpa Michaelsen, 1904
  • Polycarpa Heller, 1877 [syn. Glandula Stimpson, 1852; Pandocia Fleming, 1822; Paratona Huntsman, 1913; Styeloides]
  • Polyzoa Lesson, 1831 [syn. Chorizocormus Herdman, 1886; Dictyostyela Oka, 1926; Goodsiria Cunningham, 1871; Monobotryllus (Agassiz, 1880)]
  • Protostyela Millar, 1954
  • Psammobotrus Oka, 1932
  • Psammostyela Weinstein, 1961
  • Seriocarpa Diehl, 1969
  • Stolonica Lacaze-Duthiers & Délage, 1892 [syn. Amphicarpa Michaelsen, 1922; Thylacium Alder & Hancock, 1907]
  • Styela Fleming, 1822 [syn. Botryorchis Huntsman, 1911; Clavellinopsis Fewkes, 1889; Goniocarpa Huntsman, 1912; Katatropa Huntsman, 1912; Minostyela Kott, 1969; Molstyela Oka, 1934; Redikorzevia Oka, 1929; Vannamea Oka, 1932]
  • Symplegma Herdman, 1886
  • Syncarpa Redikorzev, 1913
  • Theodorella Michaelsen, 1922
  • Tibitin Monniot, 1983

강새해초목 또는 강새목(Stolidobranchia)은 해초강에 속하는 피낭동물의 목의 하나이다.^[1] 멍게와 미더덕, 오만둥이, 보라판멍게 등을 포함하고 있다. 군체 생활을 하는 종과 독거 생활을 하는 종을 둘 다 포함하고 있다. 다른 피낭동물과 달리 인두아가미주머니를 갖고 있다.이전에는 측성해초목(Pleurogona)의 강새아목(Stolidobranchia)으로 분류했다.

하위 과

• 가죽빛멍게과 (Molgulidae) Lacaze-Duthiers, 1877
• 멍게과 (Pyuridae) Hartmeyer, 1908
• 미더덕과 (Styelidae) Sluiter, 1895

각주