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Diagnostic Description ( İngilizce )

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Front of body yellow; remaining parts of body, dorsal fin, and front of anal fin black. Caudal fin entirely yellow (Ref. 26938). Front margin of anal fin and edge of gill cover orange; bright blue on upper and lower part of iris. The young of about an inch in length are entirely yellow except for a blue-edged black spot on the upper side of the body posterior to the midpoint; with growth the black spot soon expands to become the large black area covering most of the body and dorsal and anal fins (Ref. 13442).
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Diseases and Parasites ( İngilizce )

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Ichthyosporidium infection. Fungal diseases
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Trophic Strategy ( İngilizce )

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Inhabits rock jetties, rocky reefs and rich coral areas. Juveniles often associated with fire corals (Ref. 9710). Feeds on tunicates, sponges, zoantharians and algae. Omnivore (Ref. 57616). Sessile invertebrate feeder (Ref. 126840).
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Morphology ( İngilizce )

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Dorsal spines (total): 14; Dorsal soft rays (total): 17 - 19; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 18 - 20
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Life Cycle ( İngilizce )

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Protogyny has been proposed for this species awaiting confirmation (Ref. 103751).
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Biology ( İngilizce )

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Inhabits rock jetties, rocky reefs and rich coral areas. Juveniles often associated with fire corals (Ref. 9710). Feeds on tunicates, sponges, zoantharians and algae. Marketed fresh (Ref. 3797).
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Importance ( İngilizce )

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fisheries: minor commercial; aquarium: commercial; price category: high; price reliability: very questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this family
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Dreifarben-Kaiserfisch ( Almanca )

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Der Dreifarben-Kaiserfisch (Holacanthus tricolor), auch Felsenschönheit genannt, ist eine Art der Gattung Holacanthus aus der Familie der Kaiserfische (Pomacanthidae).

Erscheinungsbild

Dreifarben-Kaiserfische werden bis zu 30 Zentimeter lang. Ihre Körpergrundfarbe ist im vorderen Kopfbereich zur Brustflosse, am Schwanz und an den Flossenrändern gelb. Die Schnauze ist blau oder schwarz, die Körpermitte schwarz, die Flossenränder und die Maulregion sind von leuchtend blauer Farbe.

Verbreitung

Er lebt im tropischen, westlichen Atlantik von Florida bis Brasilien, im Golf von Mexiko und in der Karibik. Königin-Engelfische leben allein oder in Paaren in Tiefen von 1 bis 70 Metern. Dabei bevorzugen sie Korallen- und Schwammreiche Regionen. In der Karibik ist der Dreifarben-Kaiserfisch der kleinste der dort vorkommenden Kaiserfische.

Ernährung

Der Dreifarben-Kaiserfisch ist ein ausgesprochener Nahrungsspezialist, der fast ausschließlich von bestimmten Schwämmen lebt.

Aquarienhaltung

Diese Fischart ist aufgrund ihrer Nahrungsspezialisierung für eine Aquarienhaltung ungeeignet. Nach Deutschland werden sie daher nicht eingeführt; Erfahrungen von anderen Aquarianern zeigen, dass er sich mangels Schwämmen an verschiedenen Wirbellosen vergreift und sich gegenüber Aquarienbewohnern sehr unverträglich zeigt.

Literatur

Weblinks

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Dreifarben-Kaiserfisch: Brief Summary ( Almanca )

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Der Dreifarben-Kaiserfisch (Holacanthus tricolor), auch Felsenschönheit genannt, ist eine Art der Gattung Holacanthus aus der Familie der Kaiserfische (Pomacanthidae).

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Rock beauty ( İngilizce )

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The rock beauty (Holacanthus tricolor), also known as corn sugar, coshubba, rock beasty, catalineta, and yellow nanny, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a marine angelfish belonging to the family Pomacanthidae. It is found in the western Atlantic Ocean.

Description

The rock beauty has an deep oval and strongly compressed body, with a short snout, ending in a small mouth equipped with bristle-like teeth. There is a large spine in the angle of the preopercle which has a serrated vertical edge. The bone lying between the preopercle and gill cover has 1-4 large spines.[3] The juveniles are yellowish on their body and fins, with a blue margined black spot on the upper posterior part of the body. As they mature into adults the spot grows, eventually covering most of the body and the lower part of the dorsal fin and the upper part of then anal fin.[4] The head and anterior quarter of the body are yellow, as are the pectoral, pelvic and caudal fins. The mouth is purple.[3] the front edge of the anal fin and margin of operculum are orange. In the eye there is vivid blue on the upper and lower portions of the iris. In the dorsal fin there are 14 spines and 17-19 soft rays while the anal fin contains 3 spines and 18-20 soft rays. This species attains a maximum total length of 30 centimetres (12 in).[2]

Distribution

The rock beauty is found in the Western Atlantic Ocean where it ranges from Bermuda and the waters off Georgia and Florida in southwards through the Caribbean Sea and along the coasts of South America as far as Rio de Janeiro. It is uncommon and localised in the Gulf of Mexico where it only occurs at the Flower Gardens Banks off Texas and off Veracruz and on the Campeche Bank in Mexico.[1]

Habitat and biology

The rock beauty is found at depths between 3 and 92 metres (9.8 and 301.8 ft).[1] They occur around jetties, rocky reefs and coral reefs, while the juveniles are often seen in areas of fire coral.[2] They feed largely on sponges but will also eat corals, zoantharians, bryozoans, gorgonians,[5] tunicates and algae.

The adults are normally encountered as pairs and appear to form long term monogamous pairs. These pairs frequently consist of a larger individual and a smaller one, possibly indicating sexual dimorphism, although there is no sexual dichromatism. During mating the pair ascends in the water column, with their abdomens close together while they release eggs and milt into the water. A female can lay between 25,000 and 75,000 eggs in an evening, and up to 10 million in a season. The transparent eggs are pelagic and float in the water, hatching after 15–20 hours. The initial larvae have a large yolk sac and lack functional eyes, gut or fins. After 48 hours the yolk is absorbed and the larvae have more of a resemblance to normal fish. These larvae feed on plankton in the water. They grow rapidly, and after around 3–4 weeks from hatching they settle on the substrate. They are highly territorial but, unlike some related species, they do not act as cleaner fish. Their diet is thought to be plankton, benthic invertebrates and the mucus secreted by other fish.[6]

Systematics

The rock beauty was first formally described in 1795 as Chaetodon tricolor by the German physician and naturalist Marcus Elieser Bloch (1723–1799) with the type locality given as Brazil.[7] When Bernard Germain de Lacépède created the genus Holocanthus he used Chaetodon tricolor as the type species.[8] The species is placed by some authorities in the monotypic subgenus Holacanthus, all the others being in the subgenus Angelichthys. The specific name of this species, tricolor, refers to the three colour pattern of some adults which have a yellow front and black rear to the body with ref fin margins.[9]

Utilisation

The rock beauty is one of the more popular Caribbean marine angelfish in the aquarium trade.[1] It has become available as a captive bred specimens in the 2020s.[10]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Pyle, R.; Myers, R.F.; Rocha, L.A.; Craig, M.T. (2010). "Holacanthus tricolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T165879A6155521. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T165879A6155521.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b c Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2019). "Holacanthus tricolor" in FishBase. December 2019 version.
  3. ^ a b "Species: Holacanthus tricolor, Rock beauty". Shorefishes of the Greater Caribbean online information. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
  4. ^ "Holacanthus tricolor". Saltcorner!. Bob Goemans. 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
  5. ^ https://sta.uwi.edu/fst/lifesciences/sites/default/files/lifesciences/documents/ogatt/Holacanthus_tricolor%20-%20Rock%20Beauty%20Angelfish.pdf
  6. ^ "Holacanthus tricolor". Discover Fish. Florida Museum. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
  7. ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Holacanthus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  8. ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Pomacanthidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
  9. ^ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara (21 July 2020). "Order ACANTHURIFORMES (part 1): Families LOBOTIDAE, POMACANTHIDAE, DREPANEIDAE and CHAETODONTIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
  10. ^ Vincent Chalias (3 January 2020). "Captive Bred Rock Beauty, Bali Aquarich Strikes Again". reef builders.com. Retrieved 25 February 2021.

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Rock beauty: Brief Summary ( İngilizce )

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The rock beauty (Holacanthus tricolor), also known as corn sugar, coshubba, rock beasty, catalineta, and yellow nanny, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a marine angelfish belonging to the family Pomacanthidae. It is found in the western Atlantic Ocean.

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Holacanthus tricolor ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

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 src=
Ejemplar adulto en el Acuario Nacional de Washington, EE.UU.

El Holacanthus tricolor es una especie de pez marino perciforme y pomacántido.

Su nombre común en español, dependiendo del país, puede ser Isabelita medioluto, Cachama medio luto, Vaqueta de dos colores o Chabelita tricolor.[3]

Es la especie más común de pez ángel en los arrecifes tropicales del océano Atlántico oeste,[4]​ y con poblaciones estables.[1]​ También es una de las especies de pez ángel del Caribe más populares entre los acuaristas.[5]

Morfología

Es un pez ángel típico, con un cuerpo corto y comprimido lateralmente, y una pequeña boca, con dientes diminutos rematados como cepillos. Sus aletas dorsal y anal desarrollan un filamento en sus ángulos posteriores, aunque menos largos que en otras especies del género. Cuenta con una fuerte espina en el ángulo del preopérculo. Tiene 14 espinas dorsales, entre 17 y 19 radios blandos dorsales, 3 espinas anales y entre 18 y 20 radios blandos anales.[6]​ La aleta caudal es recta en su margen posterior.

De adulto, la coloración base de la cabeza y parte anterior del cuerpo es amarilla. La aleta dorsal y el frontal de la anal son negras, la caudal es totalmente amarilla.[7]​ La mayor parte del cuerpo es negra. Los bordes de la dorsal y anal en color rojizo y con un submárgen en amarillo. Tiene la parte superior e inferior del iris en azul claro, y los labios, con frecuencia, son azul marino. Las aletas pectorales y las pélvicas son amarillas.

Los especímenes jóvenes tienen la coloración enteramente amarilla, y cuentan con un ocelo negro, bordeado por un anillo azul, en la parte posterior y superior del cuerpo. Según van creciendo, el ocelo se va extendiendo, dando lugar a la gran mancha negra que recubre la mayor parte del cuerpo, y aletas dorsal y anal, de los adultos.[8]

Los machos, que son mayores que las hembras, miden hasta 35 centímetros de largo, aunque el tamaño más normal en adultos es de 30 cm.[9]

Hábitat y comportamiento

Es una especie asociada a arrecifes y clasificada como no migratoria. Ocurre en una variedad de hábitats, tanto en escolleras, como en áreas rocosas o ricas en corales.[4]​ Los juveniles frecuentan colonias del "coral fuego" Millepora.

Su rango de profundidad es entre 3 y 92 metros,[10]​ aunque más común de 3 a 35 m.[11]​ Se reporta un rango de temperaturas entre 24.44 y 28.03ºC.[12]

Distribución geográfica

Se distribuye en el océano Atlántico oeste, desde Georgia y Florida, al norte, hasta Río de Janeiro, al sur. Es especie nativa de Anguilla; Antigua y Barbuda; Antillas Neerlandesas; Aruba; Bahamas; Barbados; Belice; Bermuda; Bonaire; Brasil; Islas Cayman; Colombia; Costa Rica; Cuba; Curazao; Dominica; República Dominicana; Estados Unidos; Granada; Guadalupe; Guatemala; Guayana; Guayana Francesa; Haití; Honduras; Jamaica; Martinica; México; Montserrat; Nicaragua; Panamá; Puerto Rico; San Cristóbal y Nieves; Saint Lucía; Saint Martin (parte francesa); Saint Vincent y las Grenadines; Sint Maarten (parte holandesa); Suriname; Trinidad y Tobago; Turks y Caicos; Venezuela e Islas Vírgenes, tanto las británicas, como las estadounidenses.[1]

Alimentación

La isabelita medioluto es omnívora y se alimenta principalmente de esponjas, como Chondrilla nucula, Cliona sp., Desmacella meliorata, Haliclona compressa o Pseudoceratina crassa, entre otras. Aunque también come corales, como Montastrea cavernosa, Stichopathes sp.; gorgonias, como Plexaura sp.; así como varias especies de algas.[13]

Reproducción

Esta especie es dioica y ovípara. Su comportamiento sexual es poligínico, reuniendo el macho un harén de unas 4 hembras, a las que corteja y fertiliza alternativamente. Los machos se comunican con las hembras mediante cambios temporales de coloración durante el cortejo. La fertilización es externa, desovando en parejas. Cada año tienen, al menos, una estación clara de desove.

El cortejo comienza con el macho desplegando sus aletas pectorales y moviéndolas rápidamente por unos segundos. Entonces la hembra asciende, y el macho se sitúa bajo la hembra, tocándole el vientre con el hocico y ascendiendo junto a la hembra, con el vientre junto a ella. Cuando la pareja asciende a unos 18 m de profundidad, libera los huevos y el esperma, provocando la fertilización.

Tras la fertilización, los huevos flotan en la columna de agua durante 15 a 20 horas, hasta que eclosionan en larvas transparentes, que absorben el saco vitelino en 48 horas. Las larvas crecen rápidamente alimentándose de plancton, y cuando alcanzan los 15-20 mm mutan a la forma juvenil.

No cuidan a sus alevines. Alcanzan la madurez con 15,8 cm, en el caso de las hembras, y con 19 cm en el caso de los machos.[14]​ Su nivel de resiliencia es medio, doblando la población en un periodo entre 1.4 a 4.4 años.[15]

Galería

Referencias

  1. a b c Pyle, R., Myers, R., Rocha, L.A. & Craig, M.T. (2010). «Holacanthus tricolor». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2014.2 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 2 de octubre de 2014..
  2. Bailly, N. (2014). Holacanthus tricolor (Bloch, 1795). In: Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. (2014) FishBase. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=276017 Consultado el 2 de octubre de 2014.
  3. http://www.fishbase.org/comnames/CommonNamesList.php?ID=3610&GenusName=Holacanthus&SpeciesName=tricolor&StockCode=3806
  4. a b Allen, G.R. (1980). Butterfly and angelfishes of the world. Wiley, New York.
  5. Endoh, K. (2007) Angelfishes of the World. Two Little Fishies, Inc., Miami Gardens, Florida.
  6. http://www.neotropicalfishes.org/sftep/taxon_option_main.php?lvl=S&id=414
  7. Smith, C.L., 1997. National Audubon Society field guide to tropical marine fishes of the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 720 p.
  8. Randall, J.E., (1996) Caribbean reef fishes. Third Edition - revised and enlarged. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. Ltd., Hong Kong. 3nd ed. 368 p.
  9. Burgess, W.E. (1978) Pomacanthidae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Central Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). Vol. 3. [var. pag.] FAO, Rome.
  10. Lieske, E. and R. Myers, (1994) Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p.
  11. Gasparini, J.L. and S.R. Floeter, (2001) The shore fishes of Trindade Island, western South Atlantic. J. Nat. Hist. 35:1639-1656.
  12. http://www.iobis.org/mapper/?taxon_id=454541
  13. http://www.fishbase.org/TrophicEco/FoodItemsList.php?vstockcode=3806&genus=Holacanthus&species=tricolor
  14. http://www.fishbase.org/Reproduction/MaturityList.php?ID=3610&GenusName=Holacanthus&SpeciesName=tricolor&fc=460
  15. http://www.fishbase.org/summary/3610

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Holacanthus tricolor: Brief Summary ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

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 src= Ejemplar adulto en el Acuario Nacional de Washington, EE.UU.

El Holacanthus tricolor es una especie de pez marino perciforme y pomacántido.

Su nombre común en español, dependiendo del país, puede ser Isabelita medioluto, Cachama medio luto, Vaqueta de dos colores o Chabelita tricolor.​

Es la especie más común de pez ángel en los arrecifes tropicales del océano Atlántico oeste,​ y con poblaciones estables.​ También es una de las especies de pez ángel del Caribe más populares entre los acuaristas.​

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Holacanthus tricolor ( Baskça )

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Holacanthus tricolor Holacanthus generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Pomacanthidae familian sailkatzen da.

Banaketa

Erreferentziak

  1. Froese, Rainer & Pauly, Daniel ed. (2006), Holacanthus tricolor FishBase webgunean. 2006ko apirilaren bertsioa.

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Holacanthus tricolor: Brief Summary ( Baskça )

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Holacanthus tricolor Holacanthus generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Pomacanthidae familian sailkatzen da.

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Poisson-ange noir et jaune ( Fransızca )

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Holacanthus tricolor

Le Poisson-ange noir et jaune (Holacanthus tricolor) est une espèce de poissons-anges de la famille des Pomacanthidae.

Galerie

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Poisson-ange noir et jaune: Brief Summary ( Fransızca )

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Holacanthus tricolor

Le Poisson-ange noir et jaune (Holacanthus tricolor) est une espèce de poissons-anges de la famille des Pomacanthidae.

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Holacanthus tricolor ( İtalyanca )

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Holacanthus tricolor è un pesce d'acqua salata appartenente alla famiglia Pomacanthidae[2], inizialmente descritto come Chaetodon tricolor.

Distribuzione e habitat

Questo pesce è diffuso nell'Atlantico occidentale, dal Golfo del Messico (Stati Uniti, Messico, Bermuda) al Brasile. Abita le barriere coralline.

Ecologia ed etologia

Specie di abitudini diurne, di notte è possibile osservarla “addormentata” fra i coralli, vive fino a 100 m di profondità fra le rocce e i raggruppamenti di corallo della barriera. I giovani, in particolare, sembrano preferire, come rifugi, i coralli di fuoco (genere Millepora) e i gusci vuoti dei grossi Molluschi Gasteropodi. Si tratta di un pesce di taglia media, non supera i 30–35 cm di lunghezza (25 cm in acquario), che mostra però spiccate abitudini territoriali, puntualmente manifestate anche in acquario. ”. In natura gli adulti formano coppie stabili e di lunga durata, in genere monogame, con i due partner indistinguibili dal punto di vista della livrea. Questa specie dal punto di vista della riproduzione è classificabile come ermafrodita proteroginico, in che vuol dire che tutti gli individui passano prima per lo stadio femminile, diventando solo in alcuni casi maschi col passare degli anni. Le modalità riproduttive sono praticamente uguali a quella di H. ciliaris, con i maschi che costituiscono un piccolo harem di femmine, all'interno di un ristretto territorio protetto. I giovani, di crescita molto rapida e anch'essi spiccatamente territoriali, non sembra invece svolgano funzioni di pulitori nelle “stazioni di pulizia” che caratterizzano i reef corallini, sia nell'Indo-pacifico sia ai caraibi.

Alimentazione

Si nutre prevalentemente di tunicati (spugne) e di coralli duri (Cnidaria).

Acquariofilia

Seppur non molto diffuso in commercio, è allevato da molti acquariofili esperti, ed ospite di grandi acquari di barriera.

Note

  1. ^ (EN) Holacanthus tricolor, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
  2. ^ FishBase: scheda H. tricolor, su fishbase.org. URL consultato il 28 dicembre 2013.

Bibliografia

  • R. Nistri - Pesci marini tropicali d'acquario -2004, Mondadori, Milano
  • J. E. Randall - Caribbean Reef Fishes - 1996, T. F. H., Usa

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Holacanthus tricolor: Brief Summary ( İtalyanca )

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Holacanthus tricolor è un pesce d'acqua salata appartenente alla famiglia Pomacanthidae, inizialmente descritto come Chaetodon tricolor.

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Hertogsvis ( Felemenkçe; Flemish )

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Vissen

Holacanthus tricolor is een straalvinnige vissensoort uit de familie van engel- of keizersvissen (Pomacanthidae).[2] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1795 door Bloch.

De soort staat op de Rode Lijst van de IUCN als niet bedreigd, beoordelingsjaar 2009. De omvang van de populatie is volgens de IUCN stabiel.[1]

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  1. a b (en) Hertogsvis op de IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  2. (en) Holacanthus tricolor. FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. 10 2011 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2011.
Geplaatst op:
22-10-2011
Dit artikel is een beginnetje over biologie. U wordt uitgenodigd om op bewerken te klikken om uw kennis aan dit artikel toe te voegen. Beginnetje
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Holacanthus tricolor ( Portekizce )

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O peixe-soldado (Holacanthus tricolor) é um peixe teleósteo, perciforme, da família dos pomacantídeos, geralmente encontrado em recifes no Atlântico tropical. A espécie chega a medir até 40 centímetros de comprimento, possuindo a cabeça e a parte anterior do corpo amarelo-vivas, a parte posterior negra, e as margens externas das nadadeiras dorsal e anal vermelho-alaranjadas. É muito utilizado em aquários marinhos.

Também é conhecido simplesmente por soldado, mas recebe ainda os nomes de auraúna, paru-dourado, paru-jandaia, paru-papagaio, paru-soldado, parum-de-três-cores, peixe-soldado, tambuatá, tamuatá, tricolor, peixe-anjo-tricolor e vigário.

Por ter índole agressiva, sua criação impede ter mais de um espécime por aquário.

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Holacanthus tricolor ( İsveççe )

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Holacanthus tricolor är en kejsarfisk som förekommer i kustnära vatten och korallrev från södra USA i norr till Brasilien i söder. Den lever företrädesvis på mellan 3 och 92 meters djup. Denna kejsarfisk blir upp till 35 cm lång.[2]

Referenser

  1. ^ Standard Report Page: Holacanthus tricolor (på engelska). ITIS. 2004. http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=169625. Läst 20 juli 2010.
  2. ^ R. Froese; D. Pauly (20 april 2010). Holacanthus tricolor, Rock beauty”. FishBase. FishBase Consortium. http://fishbase.se/Summary/speciesSummary.php?ID=3610&genusname=Holacanthus&speciesname=tricolor&lang=Swedish. Läst 20 juli 2010.
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Holacanthus tricolor: Brief Summary ( İsveççe )

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Holacanthus tricolor är en kejsarfisk som förekommer i kustnära vatten och korallrev från södra USA i norr till Brasilien i söder. Den lever företrädesvis på mellan 3 och 92 meters djup. Denna kejsarfisk blir upp till 35 cm lång.

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Holacanthus tricolor ( Vietnamca )

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Holacanthus tricolor, thường được gọi là cá thần tiên tam sắc, là một loại cá biển thuộc chi Holacanthus trong họ Cá bướm gai. Loài này được mô tả lần đầu tiên vào năm 1795.

Phân bố và môi trường sống

H. tricolor được phân bố rộng rãi ở phía tây Đại Tây Dương, bắt đầu từ khoảng 2 bang Georgia - Florida của Hoa Kỳ và Bermuda, băng qua vùng biển Caribevịnh Mexico, đến bang Rio de Janeiro của Brazil. Chúng thường sống xung quanh các bãi đá ngầm và các rạn san hô ở độ sâu khoảng 3 – 92 m, nhưng thường là ở khoảng 3 – 35 m[1][2].

Mô tả

H. tricolor trưởng thành có thể dài khoảng 30 – 35 cm, nhưng được xếp là loài cá thần tiên nhỏ nhất ở Đại Tây Dương[3][4]. Ở cá thể trưởng thành, cơ thể của H. tricolor chủ yếu có màu vàng tươi với một khoảng lớn màu đen ở thân sau, kể cả vây lưng và vây hậu môn; vây đuôi, vây ngực và vây bụng có màu vàng tươi; phần mỏ có màu đen; mống mắt có màu xanh da trời[3][4].

Cá con chưa thưởng thành có màu vàng tươi với một đốm tròn màu xanh đen ở thân sau; dần lan rộng thành một khoảng màu đen như cá trưởng thành[2][3]. Cá con thường lẩn trốn trong đám san hô lửa - loài san hô gây cảm giác nóng rát nếu chạm vào[1][4].

Thức ăn chủ yếu của H. tricolor là những loài sinh vật phù du, động vật giáp xác, động vật không xương sống và rong tảo[2].

H. tricolor thường được đánh bắt để phục vụ cho ngành thương mại cá cảnh, tuy nhiên loài này rất khó sống trong điều kiện nuôi nhốt[1][3]. Đây là một trong những loại cá thần tiên được ưa chuộng nhất ở Caribe[1].

Hình ảnh

Sách tham khảo

Chú thích

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Holacanthus tricolor: Brief Summary ( Vietnamca )

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Holacanthus tricolor, thường được gọi là cá thần tiên tam sắc, là một loại cá biển thuộc chi Holacanthus trong họ Cá bướm gai. Loài này được mô tả lần đầu tiên vào năm 1795.

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三色刺蝶魚 ( Çince )

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二名法 Holacanthus tricolor
Bloch,1759

三色刺蝶魚,俗名美國石美人,為輻鰭魚綱鱸形目鱸亞目蓋刺魚科的其中一個

分布

本魚分布於西大西洋區,包括美國墨西哥宏都拉斯尼加拉瓜貝里斯哥斯大黎加巴拿馬加勒比海各島嶼、哥倫比亞委內瑞拉蘇利南法屬圭亞那蓋亞那巴西等海域。

深度

水深3~92公尺。

特徵

本魚幼魚和成魚體色相同,只是顏色分布部位不同。幼魚體色為黃色,背鰭後部下面的側腹上有藍邊黑斑塊,覆蓋了成魚3/4的魚體,只有頭、胸、頸背部呈黃色。黑色的背鰭和臀鰭的邊緣為紅色及黃色,胸鰭、腹鰭及尾鰭呈黃色。背鰭硬棘14枚,軟條17~19枚;臀鰭硬棘3枚,軟條18~20枚。體長可達35公分。

生態

本魚棲息於岩礁與珊瑚豐富的區域。稚魚常在火珊瑚中出現。肉食性,以被囊類海綿珊瑚藻類為食。

經濟利用

為高經濟價值的魚類,較少當食用魚。有報告指出其體內含有雪卡魚毒。

参考文献

  1. 魚類圖鑑. 遠流出版社. 2003年.
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三色刺蝶魚: Brief Summary ( Çince )

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三色刺蝶魚,俗名美國石美人,為輻鰭魚綱鱸形目鱸亞目蓋刺魚科的其中一個

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