dcsimg

Morphology ( İngilizce )

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Dorsal spines (total): 11 - 13; Dorsal soft rays (total): 20 - 23; Analspines: 2; Analsoft rays: 18 - 23
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Migration ( İngilizce )

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Amphidromous. Refers to fishes that regularly migrate between freshwater and the sea (in both directions), but not for the purpose of breeding, as in anadromous and catadromous species. Sub-division of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.Characteristic elements in amphidromy are: reproduction in fresh water, passage to sea by newly hatched larvae, a period of feeding and growing at sea usually a few months long, return to fresh water of well-grown juveniles, a further period of feeding and growing in fresh water, followed by reproduction there (Ref. 82692).
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Diseases and Parasites ( İngilizce )

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Procamallanus Infection 3. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites ( İngilizce )

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Rhipidocotyle Infestation 3. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites ( İngilizce )

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Torticaecum Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diagnostic Description ( İngilizce )

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Swim bladder with two anterior and two posterior extensions. The anterior extensions extend forward and diverge to terminate on each side of the basioccipital above the auditory capsule. Two lateral extensions commence anteriorly, each sending a blind tubule anterolaterally and then extending along the abdominal wall below the investing peritoneum to just posterior of the duct-like process. Two posterior tapering extensions of the swim bladder project into the caudal region, one usually longer than the other. The species has a low lateral line with about 70 scales (Ref. 48635).
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Trophic Strategy ( İngilizce )

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Found inshore (Ref. 75154). Inhabit sandy areas in sea inlets (Ref. 9137). Common along beaches, sandbars, mangrove creeks and estuaries. Recorded from freshwater. Form schools. Adults bury themselves in the sand when disturbed (Ref. 6205). Feed mainly on polychaete worms, small prawns (Penaeus), shrimps and amphipods (Ref. 6226, 6227). Larvae and juveniles are pelagic feeding on planktonic (Ref. 43081).
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Biology ( İngilizce )

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Common along beaches, sandbars, mangrove creeks and estuaries. Recorded from freshwater. Form schools. Adults bury themselves in the sand when disturbed (Ref. 6205, 44894). Feed mainly on polychaete worms, small prawns (Penaeus), shrimps and amphipods (Ref. 6226, 6227, 44894). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Larvae and juveniles are pelagic feeding on planktonic (Ref. 43081). Rarely captured by prawn trawling vessels. Marketed fresh and frozen (Ref. 9987).
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Importance ( İngilizce )

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fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial
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分布 ( İngilizce )

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分布於印度-西太平洋區,西起紅海、南非,東至新幾內亞,北至日本,南至新加勒多尼亞。台灣分布於南部、西部、北部及澎湖沿海。
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利用 ( İngilizce )

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高級食用魚,具有經濟價值,常為底拖網、流刺網捕獲,也是灘釣的重要對象之一。一般都沾粉油炸而食,味道鮮美。
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描述 ( İngilizce )

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體呈長圓柱形,略側扁,由第一背鰭向前有長而尖之頭部,向後有逐漸纖小之尾部。口小,開於吻端,上下頜和鋤骨上有帶狀細齒,但口蓋骨、腭骨及舌上均無齒。主鰓蓋骨小,有一短棘;前鰓蓋骨後緣垂直,平滑或略有鋸齒,下緣水平。鰓膜在頭側與另一側會合。體被小形櫛鱗,鱗片易脫落;頰部具鱗2列,皆為圓鱗;側線完全,呈單一列,略形彎曲,側線鱗數67-72,側線上至背鰭起點鱗列數5-6。具兩枚背鰭,第一背鰭具XI硬棘;第二背鰭I硬棘,20-23軟條。臀鰭有II弱棘,21-23軟條,與第二背鰭相對;腹鰭正常,其外緣硬棘不鼓起;尾鰭後緣截平或淺凹。鰾發達,前端有一向前延伸物,並各有一條管狀延伸物向鰾兩側延伸至後部,其上佈滿血管;後端分叉為二。脊椎骨數:腹椎14,血道弓門2-8,尾椎12-18,共34。頭部至體背側土褐色至淡黃褐色,腹側灰黃色,腹部近於白色。各鰭透明;背鰭軟條部具不顯黑色小污點;胸部基部無黑斑。
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棲地 ( İngilizce )

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沿岸的小型魚類,主要棲息於泥沙底質的沿岸沙灘、河口紅樹林區或內灣水域,甚至淡水域。當遇到危險時會將自己埋藏在沙中。主要攝食多毛類、長尾類、端足類、糠蝦類等
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Silwer sillago ( Afrikaans )

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Die Silwer sillago (Sillago sihama) is 'n vis wat voorkom in die Indiese-Pasifiese area, die Rooisee, die Persiese Golf, die Comore, Madagaskar en aan die ooskus van Suid-Afrika suidwaarts tot by Knysna. In Engels staan die vis bekend as die Silver sillago.

Voorkoms

Die vis se kop en lyf is silwerig met 'n goue tint en die vinne is deurskynend. Die vis word tot 35 cm groot.

Habitat

Die vis verkies beskermde water met sanderige bodems om in te leef. Hulle eet wurms en skaaldiere. Die vis kom in skole voor.

Sien ook

Bron

Eksterne skakel

Wiki letter w.svg Hierdie artikel is ’n saadjie. Voel vry om Wikipedia te help deur dit uit te brei.
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Silwer sillago: Brief Summary ( Afrikaans )

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Die Silwer sillago (Sillago sihama) is 'n vis wat voorkom in die Indiese-Pasifiese area, die Rooisee, die Persiese Golf, die Comore, Madagaskar en aan die ooskus van Suid-Afrika suidwaarts tot by Knysna. In Engels staan die vis bekend as die Silver sillago.

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Sillago sihama ( Katalanca; Valensiyaca )

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Sillago sihama és una espècie de peix de la família Sillaginidae i de l'ordre dels perciformes.

Morfologia

Els mascles poden assolir els 31 cm de longitud total.[2]

Distribució geogràfica

Es troba des del Mar Roig fins a Sud-àfrica, Japó, Austràlia i Nova Caledònia. També present a la Mediterrània (Turquia).[2]

Referències

  1. AQUATAB.NET
  2. 2,0 2,1 FishBase (anglès)

Bibliografia

  • Forsskål, P. 1775. Descriptiones animalium avium, amphibiorum, piscium, insectorum, vermium; quae in itinere orientali observavit... Post mortem auctoris edidit Carsten Niebuhr. Hauniae. Descr. Animalium: 1-20 + i-xxxiv + 1-164, map.
  • Helfman, G., B. Collette i D. Facey: The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts (Estats Units), 1997.
  • Moyle, P. i J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a edició, Upper Saddle River (Nova Jersey, Estats Units): Prentice-Hall. Any 2000.
  • Nelson, J.: Fishes of the World, 3a edició. Nova York, Estats Units: John Wiley and Sons. Any 1994.
  • Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a edició, Londres: Macdonald. Any 1985.

Enllaços externs

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Sillago sihama: Brief Summary ( Katalanca; Valensiyaca )

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Sillago sihama és una espècie de peix de la família Sillaginidae i de l'ordre dels perciformes.

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Northern whiting ( İngilizce )

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The northern whiting (Sillago sihama), also known as the silver whiting and sand smelt, is a marine fish, the most widespread and abundant member of the smelt-whiting family Sillaginidae. The northern whiting was the first species of sillaginid scientifically described and is therefore the type species of both the family Sillaginidae and the genus Sillago. The species is distributed in the Indo-Pacific region from South Africa in the west to Japan and Indonesia in the east, also becoming an invasive species to the Mediterranean through the Suez Canal. The northern whiting inhabits coastal areas to 60 m, but is most often found in shallow water around bays and estuaries, often entering freshwater. It is a carnivore, taking a variety of polychaetes and crustaceans. The species is of major economic importance throughout the Indo-Pacific. It is most frequently taken by seine nets and cast nets and marketed fresh.

Taxonomy

The northern whiting is one of 29 species in the genus Sillago, which is one of three genera in the smelt-whiting family Sillaginidae. The smelt-whitings are Perciformes in the suborder Percoidea.[1]

The northern whiting was first described by Peter Forsskål in 1775 under the name Atherina sihama, mistaking the fish as a species of hardyhead. The species was subsequently placed in the genus Platycephalus, before its true identity as a new genus was realized and Sillago was created in 1816.[2] This was the first description and naming of any smelt-whiting, even though the author initially placed the species in the wrong genus. This makes S. sihama the type species of its genus, Sillago, as well as the type species of the family Sillaginidae, which was not to be named until 1846. However, Forsskål's name was not the only one applied to the species, with three other names given to the fish after the first correct naming. Two of these, S. acuta and S. erythraea were made by Georges Cuvier, and the other, Sciaena malabarica by Bloch and Schneider. These later names are junior synonyms and are discarded under the ICZN rules.[2] Due to its wide distribution, the species has been applied a number of common names, with northern whiting, silver whiting, sand smelt and silver sillago the most common English names.[3]

Description

The northern whiting's similarity to all other species in the genus Sillago has led to many less abundant species being confused with it. The species is known to grow to a maximum size of 31 cm,[4] however reports dating back to 1850 in Bengal suggest the species attains 3 feet (91 cm), which would make it the largest species of sillaginid.[5] These reports were never etched into the literature on the species, possibly because of presumed confusion with the similar but unrelated and larger milkfish and bonefish that inhabit the area. The species has a slightly compressed, elongate body tapering toward the terminal mouth. The dorsal fin is in two parts, the first made of feeble spines and the second of soft rays headed by a single feeble spine, while the ventral profile is straight.[6]

The fin anatomy is highly useful for identification purposes, with the species having 11 spines in the first dorsal fin, with one spine and 20 to 23 soft rays on the second dorsal fin. The anal fin has two spines with 21 to 23 soft rays posterior to the spines. Lateral line scales and cheek scales are also distinctive, with northern whiting possessing 66 to 72 lateral line scales and cheek scales positioned in 3–4 rows, all of which are ctenoid. The amount of vertebrae are also diagnostic, having 34 in total. The swim bladder is the most accurate diagnostic feature, having two posterior extensions and two anterior extensions. The two anterior extensions extend forward and diverge to end on each side of the basioccipital above the auditory capsule. Two lateral extensions also commence anteriorly, each of them sending a blind tubule anterolaterally and then extending along the abdominal wall. The lateral extensions are normally convoluted and have blind tubules arising along their length. The two posterior tapering extensions project into the caudal region, with one usually longer than the other.[2]

The colour of the body is variable, often being light tan, silvery yellow-brown, sandy brown, or honey coloured. The underside of the fish is usually paler, being brown to white in colour. A silver midlateral, longitudinal stripe is normally present. The dorsal fins are dusky on each end, with or without rows of dark brown spots on the second dorsal fin membranes. The caudal fin is dusky terminally, and there is no dark blotch at the base of the pectoral fin as in other sillaginids. All other fins are hyaline, but the anal fin occasionally has a whitish margin.[4]

Distribution and habitat

The northern whiting is the most geographically widespread of the Sillaginidae, but is still confined to the Indian and Western Pacific Oceans. Its easternmost range is from South Africa north along the west coast of Africa and into the Red sea and Persian Gulf.[3] It is common along the Indian and Asian coast, extending to Taiwan and has been recorded in Japan, however these likely are confused with S. japonica.[7] It is common throughout the Indonesian Archipelago, the Philippines and extends as far south as northern Australia.[8] The species has been declared an invasive species to the eastern Mediterranean, passing through the Suez Canal from the Red Sea since 1977 as part of the Lessepsian migration, becoming widespread.[9]

The northern whiting is primarily an inshore species, rarely seen in depth of more than 20 m. It commonly inhabits both high energy beaches and sandbars as well as more protected bays along mangrove creeks and tidal flats. The species commonly enters estuaries, and has even been recorded in freshwater, despite the fact it has no anatomical adaptations to cope with this change. The northern whiting does not migrate or move offshore at various times of the year like some co-occurring sillaginids.[10]

Biology

Like most members of the family, S. sihama can bury itself in the sand when danger approaches and commonly avoids seine-nets by employing this behaviour, giving them the common name 'sandborer' in some countries.

Diet

The principal items of diet are polychaete worms, small prawns and copepods,[11] with other Crustacea including Decopoda,[12] Ocypoda, shrimps, and amphipods also taken. Small fish are often taken and filamentous algae is consumed. Australian specimens frequently contain polychaete worms and small Crustacea. The species often has a similar, but slightly different diet compared to other coexisting sillaginids and other fishes,[11] with few cases of wide dietary overlap recorded. The juveniles and adults also show disparity in their diets, with juveniles taking zooplankton such as copepods, while adults take larger crustaceans and polychaetes.[13]

Reproduction

Northern whiting reach sexual maturity at a minimum 106 mm in males and 117 mm in females, although most individuals from both sexes mature once they reach 130 mm in length and one year of age.[14] Growth in the species is rapid, attaining a length of 13 to 14 cm at about 1 year, 16 to 20 cm at 2 years, 20 to 24 cm at 3 years and 24 to 28 cm by 4 years of age.[15]

Spawning occurs year-round, but a peak of spawning activity occurs once during the year at variable times over the species range. Peak of spawning in Thailand is August and November,[14] November to April in the Philippines,[10] November to March in India,[16] and between July and February with a peak in November in Sri Lanka.[17] The egg is spherical, colourless and buoyant, 0.5 to 0.6 mm in diameter, and without a large oil globule.[18] Fecundity varied between 16 682 and 166 130.[4] The eggs and larval development of S. sihama has been extensively described separately by Bensam and Kato et al., with the distinguishing feature of the larvae being the pattern of melanophores distributed on the caudal fin base, having these in a vertical line.[10][19]

Relationship to humans

Considerable catches of northern whiting are made but generally not reflected in the fishery statistics of countries they are taken in. In Pakistan the main fishery takes place in June to July. The catches reported in this single country range from 102 t (1980) to 859 t (1982) with an average of 404 t.[4] The species has come under heavy threat in Chinese waters from overfishing and environmental pollution.[20]

References

  1. ^ "Sillago sihama". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 5 September 2007.
  2. ^ a b c McKay, R.J. (1985). "A Revision of the Fishes of the Family Sillaginidae". Memoirs of the Queensland Museum. 22 (1): 1–73.
  3. ^ a b Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2007). "Sillago sihama" in FishBase. October 2007 version.
  4. ^ a b c d McKay, R.J. (1992). FAO Species Catalogue: Vol. 14. Sillaginid Fishes Of The World (PDF). Rome: Food and Agricultural Organisation. pp. 19–20. ISBN 92-5-103123-1.
  5. ^ Cantor, Dr. T. (1850). "Catalogue of Malayan Fishes". Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Baptist Mission Press. 18: 983. Retrieved 2008-05-12.
  6. ^ Kuiter, R.H. (1993). Coastal fishes of south-eastern Australia. U.S.A: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 1-86333-067-4.
  7. ^ Carpenter, Kent E.; Volker H. Niem, eds. (2001). FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 5. Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae) (PDF). Rome: FAO. p. 2684. ISBN 92-5-104587-9.
  8. ^ Sheaves, Marcus (2006). "Scale-dependent variation in composition of fish fauna among sandy tropical estuarine embayments". Marine Ecology Progress Series. 310: 173–184. Bibcode:2006MEPS..310..173S. doi:10.3354/meps310173.
  9. ^ Golani, Daniel (1998). "Impact of Red Sea Fish Migrants through the Suez Canal on the Aquatic Environment of the Eastern Mediterranean" (PDF). Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies Bulletin. 103 (Transformations of Middle Eastern Natural Environments): 375–387. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-08-28. Retrieved 2007-10-14.
  10. ^ a b c Kato, Mitsuhiro; Hiroshi Kohno; Yasuhiko Taki (1996). "Juveniles of two sillaginids, Sillago aeolus and S. sihama, occurring in a surf zone in the Philippines". Ichthyological Research. The Ichthyological Society of Japan. 43 (4): 431–439. doi:10.1007/BF02347640.
  11. ^ a b Hajisamae, Sukree; Pun Yeesin; Sakri Ibrahim (2006). "Feeding ecology of two sillaginid fishes and trophic interrelations with other co-existing species in the southern part of South China Sea". Environmental Biology of Fishes. Springer. 76 (2–4): 167–176. doi:10.1007/s10641-006-9018-3.
  12. ^ Mohammed, A.R.M; Mutlak, F.M.; Saleh, J.H. (2003). "Food habits of Sillago sihama (Froskal, 1775) in the Iraqi marine waters, northwest Persian Gulf / Iraq". Marina Mesopotamica. 18 (1): 35–42. 1815-2058.
  13. ^ Tongnunui, Prasert; Sano, Mitsuhiko; Kurokura, Hisashi (2005). "Feeding habits of two sillaginid fishes, Sillago sihama and S-aeolus, at Sikao Bay, Trang Province, Thailand". Mer. 43 (1–2): 9–17. 0503-1540.
  14. ^ a b Tongnunui, Prasert; Sano, Mitsuhiko; Kurokura, Hisashi (2006). "Reproductive biology of two sillaginid fishes, Sillago sihama and S. aeolus, in tropical coastal waters of Thailand". Mer. 44 (1): 1–16. Archived from the original on 2008-05-18. Retrieved 2007-11-15.
  15. ^ Radhakrishnan, N. (1954). "Occurrence of growth rings on the otoliths of the Indian whiting, Sillago sihama (Forsskål)". Current Science. 23 (4): 196–197.
  16. ^ Chacko, P.I. (1950). "Marine plankton from waters around the Krusadai Islands". Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences. 31 (B): 162–174.
  17. ^ Jayasankar, P (1991). "Sillaginid fishes of Palk Bay and Gulf of Mannar with an account on the maturation and spawning of Indian sand whiting, Sillago sihama (Forsskal)" (PDF). Indian Journal of Fisheries. 38 (1): 13–25. Retrieved 23 May 2012.
  18. ^ Palekar, V.C.; Bal, D.V. (1961). "Studies on the maturation and spawning of the Indian whiting (Sillago sihama Forsskål) from Karwar waters". Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences. 54 (B): 76–93.
  19. ^ Bensam, P. (1990). "Eggs and early larvae of the sand whiting Silligo sihama (Forsskal)" (PDF). Indian Journal of Fisheries. 37 (3): 237–241. Retrieved 23 May 2012.
  20. ^ Qian W, Yang Guang, et al. (2006). "Fish resources and their conservation strategies in Hepu Dugong State Nature Reserve and its adjacent waters". Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao. 17 (9): 1715–20. PMID 17147187. 1001-9332.

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Northern whiting: Brief Summary ( İngilizce )

wikipedia EN tarafından sağlandı

The northern whiting (Sillago sihama), also known as the silver whiting and sand smelt, is a marine fish, the most widespread and abundant member of the smelt-whiting family Sillaginidae. The northern whiting was the first species of sillaginid scientifically described and is therefore the type species of both the family Sillaginidae and the genus Sillago. The species is distributed in the Indo-Pacific region from South Africa in the west to Japan and Indonesia in the east, also becoming an invasive species to the Mediterranean through the Suez Canal. The northern whiting inhabits coastal areas to 60 m, but is most often found in shallow water around bays and estuaries, often entering freshwater. It is a carnivore, taking a variety of polychaetes and crustaceans. The species is of major economic importance throughout the Indo-Pacific. It is most frequently taken by seine nets and cast nets and marketed fresh.

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Sillago sihama ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

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Sillago sihama es una especie de peces de la familia Sillaginidae en el orden de los Perciformes.

Morfología

Los machos pueden llegar alcanzar los 31 cm de longitud total.[1]

Distribución geográfica

Se encuentra desde el Mar Rojo hasta Sudáfrica, Japón, Australia y Nueva Caledonia. También presente en el Mediterráneo (Turquía ).

Referencias

  1. FishBase (en inglés)

Bibliografía

  • Eschmeyer, William N., ed. 1998. Catalog of Fishes. Special Publication of the Center for Biodiversity Research and Information, núm. 1, vol. 1-3. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, California, Estados Unidos. 2905. ISBN 0-940228-47-5.
  • Fenner, Robert M.: The Conscientious Marine Aquarist. Neptune City, Nueva Jersey, Estados Unidos : T.F.H. Publications, 2001.
  • Helfman, G., B. Collette y D. Facey: The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts, Estados Unidos , 1997.
  • Hoese, D.F. 1986: . A M.M. Smith y P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlín, Alemania.
  • Maugé, L.A. 1986. A J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse y D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Bruselas; MRAC, Tervuren, Flandes; y ORSTOM, París, Francia. Vol. 2.
  • Moyle, P. y J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a. edición, Upper Saddle River, Nueva Jersey, Estados Unidos: Prentice-Hall. Año 2000.
  • Nelson, J.: Fishes of the World, 3a. edición. Nueva York, Estados Unidos: John Wiley and Sons. Año 1994.
  • Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a. edición, Londres: Macdonald. Año 1985.

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Sillago sihama: Brief Summary ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

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Sillago sihama es una especie de peces de la familia Sillaginidae en el orden de los Perciformes.

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Sillago sihama ( Baskça )

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Sillago sihama Sillago generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Sillaginidae familian sailkatzen da.

Banaketa

Espezie hau honako ekosistematan aurki daiteke:

Erreferentziak

  1. Froese, Rainer & Pauly, Daniel ed. (2006), Sillago sihama FishBase webgunean. 2006ko apirilaren bertsioa.

Ikus, gainera

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Sillago sihama: Brief Summary ( Baskça )

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Sillago sihama Sillago generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Sillaginidae familian sailkatzen da.

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Ikan Bulus ( Malayca )

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Ikan Bulus atau nama saintifiknya Sillago sihama merupakan ikan air masin. Ia juga dikenali sebagai ikan Puntung-Damar Perak.[1]

Ia merupakan ikan yang penting secara komersial dan dijual di pasar-pasar sebagai makanan. Penangkapannya memerlukan lesen bagi memastikan ia tidak terancam oleh tangkapan melampau oleh nelayan komersial.[2].

Rujukan

Pautan luar

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Ikan Bulus: Brief Summary ( Malayca )

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Ikan Bulus atau nama saintifiknya Sillago sihama merupakan ikan air masin. Ia juga dikenali sebagai ikan Puntung-Damar Perak.

Ia merupakan ikan yang penting secara komersial dan dijual di pasar-pasar sebagai makanan. Penangkapannya memerlukan lesen bagi memastikan ia tidak terancam oleh tangkapan melampau oleh nelayan komersial..

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Zilversillago ( Felemenkçe; Flemish )

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Vissen

De zilversillago (Sillago sihama) is een straalvinnige vissensoort uit de familie van witte baarzen (Sillaginidae).[1] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1775 door Peter Forsskål.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  1. (en) Sillago sihama. FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. 10 2011 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2011.
Geplaatst op:
22-10-2011
Dit artikel is een beginnetje over biologie. U wordt uitgenodigd om op bewerken te klikken om uw kennis aan dit artikel toe te voegen. Beginnetje
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Sillago sihama ( Norveççe )

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Sillago sihama er den mest utbredte og tallrike arten av sandabborer. Fisket etter denne arten har stor økonomisk betydning i hele det indopasifiske området.

Litteratur

Eksterne lenker

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Sillago sihama: Brief Summary ( Norveççe )

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Sillago sihama er den mest utbredte og tallrike arten av sandabborer. Fisket etter denne arten har stor økonomisk betydning i hele det indopasifiske området.

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Sillago sihama ( Vietnamca )

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Sillago sihama, tại Việt Nam còn có tên là cá đục[1], là một loài cá biển trong họ Sillaginidae. Loài này phân bố ở khu vực Ấn Độ-Thái Bình Dương từ Nam Phi ở phía tây Nhật Bản và Indonesia ở phía đông, cũng trở thành một loài xâm lấn đến Địa Trung Hải qua kênh đào Suez. Chúng sinh sống ở vùng ven biển đến 60 m, nhưng thường được tìm thấy trong vùng nước nông xung quanh vịnh và cửa sông, thường vào nước ngọt. Đó là một động vật ăn thịt, ăn nhiều loại giun nhiều tơ và động vật giáp xác. Loài cá này có tầm quan trọng kinh tế lớn trên khắp Ấn Độ-Thái Bình Dương.

Chú thích

  1. ^ Thái Thanh Dương (chủ biên), Các loài cá thường gặp ở Việt Nam, Bộ Thủy sản, Hà Nội, 2007. Tr.23.

Tham khảo


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết chủ đề bộ Cá vược này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Sillago sihama: Brief Summary ( Vietnamca )

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Sillago sihama, tại Việt Nam còn có tên là cá đục, là một loài cá biển trong họ Sillaginidae. Loài này phân bố ở khu vực Ấn Độ-Thái Bình Dương từ Nam Phi ở phía tây Nhật Bản và Indonesia ở phía đông, cũng trở thành một loài xâm lấn đến Địa Trung Hải qua kênh đào Suez. Chúng sinh sống ở vùng ven biển đến 60 m, nhưng thường được tìm thấy trong vùng nước nông xung quanh vịnh và cửa sông, thường vào nước ngọt. Đó là một động vật ăn thịt, ăn nhiều loại giun nhiều tơ và động vật giáp xác. Loài cá này có tầm quan trọng kinh tế lớn trên khắp Ấn Độ-Thái Bình Dương.

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白沙鮻 ( Çince )

wikipedia 中文维基百科 tarafından sağlandı
二名法 Sillago sihama
(Forskal, 1775)[1] S. sihama distribution.PNG

白沙鮻学名Sillago sihama),又名多鳞鱚,为鱚科鱚属鱼类。分布于红海、非洲东岸、澳洲印度印度尼西亚菲律宾朝鲜日本以及中国南海、东海及黄渤海等海域。该物种的模式产地在红海。[1]

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 中国科学院动物研究所. 多鳞鱚. 《中国动物物种编目数据库》. 中国科学院微生物研究所. [2009-04-16]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-05).
 src= 维基物种中的分类信息:白沙鮻 小作品圖示这是一篇與鱸形目相關的小作品。你可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。
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白沙鮻: Brief Summary ( Çince )

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白沙鮻(学名:Sillago sihama),又名多鳞鱚,为鱚科鱚属鱼类。分布于红海、非洲东岸、澳洲印度印度尼西亚菲律宾朝鲜日本以及中国南海、东海及黄渤海等海域。该物种的模式产地在红海。

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モトギス ( Japonca )

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モトギス Sillago sihama.jpg 分類 : 動物界 Animalia : 脊索動物門 Chordata 亜門 : 脊椎動物亜門 Vertebrata : 条鰭綱 Actinopterygii : スズキ目 Perciformes : キス科 Sillaginidae : キス属 Sillago : モトギス S. sihama 学名 Sillago sihama
(Forsskål, 1775) シノニム
  • Platycephalus sihamus Bloch and Schneider, 1801
  • Sciaena malabarica Bloch and Schneider, 1801
  • Sillago acuta Cuvier, 1817
  • Sillago erythraea Cuvier, 1829
  • Sillago malabarica Bloch and Schneider, 1849
英名 Northern whiting S. sihama distribution.PNG
分布

モトギス (Sillago sihama) はキス科に属する海水魚である。キス科の中では最も広範囲に分布する普遍的な種で、キス科・キス属の中で最初に記載されたタイプ種である。インド太平洋に分布し、西は南アフリカから東は日本インドネシアまで見られる。また、スエズ運河を通じて地中海にも侵入している。湾内・河口などの浅海に生息し、淡水で見られることもある。肉食性で、様々な多毛類甲殻類を食べる。漁業上の重要種で、底引き網や投げ網で漁獲されて販売される。

分類[編集]

キス属に属するおよそ30種中の1種である[1]。1775年、Peter Forsskålは本種をトウゴロウイワシ類とみなし、Atherina sihama の名で記載した。その後本種はコチ属に移され、1816年に新しくSillago 属が設立されるまではそのままであった[2]。最初に学名の付けられたキス類であり、キス科 Sillaginidaeのタイプ種でもあるが、この科の設立は1846年のことである。本種がSillago sihama と命名された後も、3回の命名が独立に行われている。2回はジョルジュ・キュヴィエによるS. acutaS. erythraeaで、もう一つはBlochとSchneiderによる Sciaena malabarica である。後者はジュニアシノニムで、ICZNでは認められない[2]。分布が広いため多くの名がある。英名としてはnorthern whiting・silver whiting・sand smelt・silver sillagoなどがある[3]

形態[編集]

キス属の種は互いに似ているため、本種はよく他種と混同されてきた。最大で31 cmになる[4]。1850年のベンガルで3フィートの個体の報告があるが[5]、これは同所に生息するサバヒーソトイワシと混同したものとみられ、公式には認められていない。

体は僅かに側扁して細長く、口は先細りとなっている[6]。第一背鰭は11棘条、第二背鰭は1棘20-23軟条臀鰭は2棘21-23軟条。側線鱗数は66-72、頬鱗は3–4列。鱗は櫛鱗である。脊椎骨数は合計34。による同定が最も確実で、前方から2対、後方から1対の突起が伸びている。前方の突起は前に伸び、基後頭骨の側面、耳殻の上方で終わっている。もう1対の突起は側方から伸びて二分し、片方は腹壁に沿って前に伸びる盲管となり、もう片方は入り組んだ盲管となって後方へ伸びる。後方の突起は先細りに尾の方へ向かい、通常は片方がより長い[2]

体色は様々で、淡褐色・銀色がかった黄褐色・赤褐色など。腹面は淡い色で、褐色から白。大抵、体側には銀色の縦縞がある。背鰭の縁はくすんだ色で、第二背鰭には褐色の斑点があることもある。尾鰭の端は暗く、他のキスと違って胸鰭の根本が黒くなることはない。他の鰭は半透明だが、臀鰭の縁は白くなることがある[4]

分布[編集]

キス科で最も広範囲に分布する種で、インド太平洋で見られる。東は南アフリカからアフリカ西岸、紅海、ペルシャ湾[3]、アジアでは日本・台湾まで見られるが、シロギスと混同されている可能性もある[7]。インドネシア・フィリピンでは全域、南はオーストラリア北部にまで生息する[8]。本種はレセップス移動英語版の一部として紅海からスエズ運河を抜けて東地中海に侵入している。最初に記録されたのは1977年で、外来種とみなされている[9]

主に浅海性で、20 m以深で見られることは少ない。主に開放性の砂浜砂州、またはマングローブ帯や干潟に生息する。特別に低塩分濃度に適応した構造があるわけではないが、河口や淡水域でもよく見られる。他のキス類とは違い、一年中沖合に移動することはない[10]

生態[編集]

他のキス類のように、危険を避けるために砂に潜ることができる。この行動で底引き網を避けることもあり、いくつかの国では'sandborer'と呼ばれている。

食性[編集]

主に多毛類、小型のクルマエビカイアシを餌とするが[11]スナガニ・小エビ・端脚類などの他の甲殻類も食べる[12]。小魚や糸状の藻類を食べることもある。オーストラリアの個体は多毛類・小型甲殻類を食べている。共存するキス類や他の魚種と食性はほぼ同じだが、わずかに構成が異なる場合もある[11]。稚魚と成魚でも食物に差があり、稚魚は主にカイアシのような動物プランクトン、成魚は主に大型の甲殻類・多毛類が餌となる[13]

繁殖[編集]

最小で、雄で106 mm・雌で117 mmで性成熟するが、一般的には1歳、130 mm程度である[14]。成長は早く、1年で13-14 cm、2年で16-20 cm、3年で20-24 cm、4年で24-28 cmになる[15]

繁殖は一年中行われるが、ピークの時期は生息地によって変化する。タイでは8-11月[14]、フィリピンでは11-4月[10]、インドでは11-3月[16]。スリランカでは7-2月に繁殖が行われ、ピークは11月である[17]は浮性卵で、球形・無色。直径0.5-0.6mmで大きな油滴はない[18]。産卵数は16,682-166,130[4]。発生過程はBensamとKato et al.によって詳しく記録されている。幼生の特徴としては、尾鰭付け根の黒色素胞が縦に並ぶことが挙げられる[10][19]

利用[編集]

かなりの漁獲量があると考えられるが、一般的に国家の漁業統計には反映されていない。パキスタンでは主に6-7月に漁獲され、年間102 t (1980年) から 859 t (1982年) でこの間の平均は404 tであった[4]。中国沿岸では乱獲と環境汚染によって危機に瀕している[20]

脚注[編集]

  1. ^ Sillago sihama, ITIS, http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=168536 2007年9月5日閲覧。
  2. ^ a b c McKay, R.J. (1985). “A Revision of the Fishes of the Family Sillaginidae”. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 22 (1): 1–73.
  3. ^ a b Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2007). "Sillago sihama" in FishBase. Oct 2007 version.
  4. ^ a b c d McKay, R.J. (1992) (PDF). FAO Species Catalogue: Vol. 14. Sillaginid Fishes Of The World. Rome: Food and Agricultural Organisation. pp. 19–20. ISBN 92-5-103123-1. ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/t0538e/t0538e06.pdf.
  5. ^ Cantor, Dr. T. (1850). “Catalogue of Malayan Fishes”. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (Baptist Mission Press) 18: 983. http://books.google.com/?id=sK4IAAAAQAAJ&printsec=titlepage&dq=sillago
  6. ^ Kuiter, R.H. (1993). Coastal fishes of south-eastern Australia. U.S.A: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 1-86333-067-4.
  7. ^ Carpenter, Kent E.; Volker H. Niem (eds.) (2001) (PDF). FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 5. Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae). Rome: FAO. pp. 2684. ISBN 92-5-104587-9. ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/y4160e/y4160e00.pdf.
  8. ^ Sheaves, Marcus (2006). “Scale-dependent variation in composition of fish fauna among sandy tropical estuarine embayments”. Marine Ecology Progress Series 310: 173–184. doi:10.3354/meps310173. http://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v310
  9. ^ Golani, Daniel (1998). “Impact of Red Sea Fish Migrants through the Suez Canal on the Aquatic Environment of the Eastern Mediterranean” (PDF). Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies Bulletin 103 (Transformations of Middle Eastern Natural Environments): 375–387. http://www.environmentservices.com/projects/programs/RedSeaCD/DATA/PDF/RedSea_Fish_Migrants_Suez.pdf
  10. ^ a b c Kato, Mitsuhiro; Hiroshi Kohno & Yasuhiko Taki (1996). “Juveniles of two sillaginids, Sillago aeolus and S. sihama, occurring in a surf zone in the Philippines”. Ichthyological Research (The Ichthyological Society of Japan) 43 (4): 431–439. doi:10.1007/BF02347640.
  11. ^ a b Hajisamae, Sukree; Pun Yeesin & Sakri Ibrahim (2006). “Feeding ecology of two sillaginid fishes and trophic interrelations with other co-existing species in the southern part of South China Sea”. Environmental Biology of Fishes (Springer) 76 (2–4): 167–176. doi:10.1007/s10641-006-9018-3.
  12. ^ Mohammed,, A.R.M; Mutlak, F.M.; Saleh, J.H. (2003). “Food habits of Sillago sihama (Froskal, 1775) in the Iraqi marine waters, northwest Persian Gulf / Iraq”. Marina Mesopotamica 18 (1): 35–42. 1815-2058.
  13. ^ Tongnunui, Prasert; Sano, Mitsuhiko; Kurokura, Hisashi (2005). “Feeding habits of two sillaginid fishes, Sillago sihama and S-aeolus, at Sikao Bay, Trang Province, Thailand”. Mer 43 (1–2): 9–17. 0503-1540.
  14. ^ a b Tongnunui, Prasert; Sano, Mitsuhiko & Kurokura, Hisashi (2006). “Reproductive biology of two sillaginid fishes, Sillago sihama and S. aeolus, in tropical coastal waters of Thailand”. Mer 44 (1): 1–16. http://sciencelinks.jp/j-east/article/200621/000020062106A0747806.php
  15. ^ Radhakrishnan, N. (1954). “Occurrence of growth rings on the otoliths of the Indian whiting, Sillago sihama (Forsskål)”. Current Science 23 (4): 196–197.
  16. ^ Chacko, P.I. (1950). “Marine plankton from waters around the Krusadai Islands”. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Science 31 (B): 162–174.
  17. ^ Jayasankar, P (1991). “Sillaginid fishes of Palk Bay and Gulf of Mannar with an account on the maturation and spawning of Indian sand whiting, Sillago sihama (Forsskal)”. Indian Journal of Fisheries 38 (1): 13–25. http://eprints.cmfri.org.in/265/1/Article_05.pdf 2012年5月23日閲覧。.
  18. ^ Palekar, V.C.; D.V. Bal (1961). “Studies on the maturation and spawning of the Indian whiting (Sillago sihama Forsskål) from Karwar waters”. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Science 54 (B): 76–93.
  19. ^ Bensam, P. (1990). “Eggs and early larvae of the sand whiting Silligo sihama (Forsskal)”. Indian Journal of Fisheries 37 (3): 237–241. http://eprints.cmfri.org.in/296/1/Article_10.pdf 2012年5月23日閲覧。.
  20. ^ Qian, Wang, Yang Guang et al. (2006). “Fish resources and their conservation strategies in Hepu Dugong State Nature Reserve and its adjacent waters”. Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao 17 (9): 1715–20. PMID 17147187. 1001-9332.
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モトギス: Brief Summary ( Japonca )

wikipedia 日本語 tarafından sağlandı

モトギス (Sillago sihama) はキス科に属する海水魚である。キス科の中では最も広範囲に分布する普遍的な種で、キス科・キス属の中で最初に記載されたタイプ種である。インド太平洋に分布し、西は南アフリカから東は日本インドネシアまで見られる。また、スエズ運河を通じて地中海にも侵入している。湾内・河口などの浅海に生息し、淡水で見られることもある。肉食性で、様々な多毛類甲殻類を食べる。漁業上の重要種で、底引き網や投げ網で漁獲されて販売される。

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보리멸 ( Korece )

wikipedia 한국어 위키백과 tarafından sağlandı

보리멸(영어: northern whiting)은 보리멸과의 물고기이다. 몸길이 24cm 가량으로 몸은 앞쪽은 원통형, 뒤쪽은 측편하고 주둥이는 길고 끝이 뾰족하다. 몸빛은 등쪽이 담황색, 배는 그보다 밝다. 등지느러미는 두 개이고 비늘은 작고 쉽게 벗겨진다. 내만성 물고기로 해안 근처 모래 바닥에 살면서 새우 등의 작은 갑각류갯지렁이를 잡아먹는다. 큰 먹이는 작은 이로 이리저리 흔들어 물어뜯어 먹는다. 산란기는 6-9월경이며, 염분 농도가 낮은 내만으로 와서 알을 낳는다. 한국에서는 황해 남부와 동해 남부에 서식하며, 일본 남부에서 중국·타이완·필리핀·인도네시아·아라비아 해·홍해까지 분포한다. 원피스의 등장인물에서 츄가 보리멸 어인이고, 시라호시는 보리멸 인어로 등장한다.

Heckert GNU white.svgCc.logo.circle.svg 이 문서에는 다음커뮤니케이션(현 카카오)에서 GFDL 또는 CC-SA 라이선스로 배포한 글로벌 세계대백과사전의 내용을 기초로 작성된 글이 포함되어 있습니다.
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Description ( İngilizce )

World Register of Marine Species tarafından sağlandı
Occurs at a temperature range of 26.0-29.0 °C (Ref. 4959). Forms schools in estuaries and bays; common along beaches, sandbars, mangrove creeks and estuaries; but very rarely captured by prawn trawling vessels. Buries itself in the sand when danger approaches (Ref. 6205). Feeds mainly on consists of polychaete worms, small prawns (Penaeus), other crustacea, shrimps and amphipods (Ref. 6226 & 6227). Sexually mature at 13 to 14 cm length. Marketed fresh and frozen (Ref. 9987).

Referans

Froese, R. & D. Pauly (Editors). (2023). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. version (02/2023).

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