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Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

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Maximum longevity: 20 years (wild)
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Life Cycle ( İngilizce )

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Also Ref. 32209, 103751.
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Migration ( İngilizce )

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Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.
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Trophic Strategy ( İngilizce )

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Feeds on slow-moving benthic prey. Possese multiple rows of conical teeth that may assist in grasping and pulling prey from the interstices of the reef environment (Ref. 34156).
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Biology ( İngilizce )

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Commonly found around rock jetties and on rocky bottoms in shallow water. Marketed fresh and eaten fried, broiled and baked (Ref. 9988).
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Importance ( İngilizce )

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fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: public aquariums
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Black sea bass ( İngilizce )

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The black sea bass (Centropristis striata) is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a sea bass from the subfamily Serraninae which is part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the groupers and anthias. It is found in the western Atlantic Ocean, where it is an important species for commercial and recreational fisheries.

Description

The black sea bass has an oblong, laterally compressed body. It has a large mouth, armed with bands of teeth on the jaw and with a triangular patch of teeth in the front part roof of the mouth and more teeth along the sides of that area, the mouth extending as far as below the middle of the eye. The preopercle has fine serrations on its margin and is evenly rounded, while the gill cover bears three flat spines. The dorsal fin has ten spines, the front spines being longer than the rearmost, and 11 soft rays. The membranes between the spines of the dorsal fin are deeply notched. The anal fin has three spines and seven soft rays. The caudal fin has three lobes created by the long and pointed upper, middle and lower rays.[3] The colour pattern is normally smoky grey, dusky brown or blue-black on the back and upper body, fading towards the underside. In the middle of each scale there is a pale blue to white spot and these form longitudinal stripes along the back and flanks.[4] The dorsal fin has a series of white spots and bands along its length.[5] The flanks can frequently appear mottled or have dark and light vertical barring. In the breeding season the males develop bright fluorescent blue and green around the eyes and nape[4] and a hump on the head[5] contrasting with the paler and duller females which are brownish or blue-grey in colour. The juveniles are found in four colour phases; the first is an overall light grey phase which has small dark spots, there is a dark phase which has pale white spots, a striped phase with a longitudinal dark stripe and a barred phase which has six vertical bars.[4] This species attains a maximum total length of 66 centimetres (26 in), however they are normally found at a total length of around 30 centimetres (12 in), and a maximum published weight of 4.1 kilograms (9.0 lb).[6]

Distribution

The black sea bass is found in the western Atlantic Ocean from Nova Scotia south along the eastern coast of North America as far as the Florida Keys and into the Gulf of Mexico as far as Louisiana where the western limit is just to the west of the Mississippi Delta.[1]

Habitat and biology

The black sea bass is commonly found in the vicinity of rock jetties and over rocky substrates in shallow water, although they have also been recorded in deeper, offshore waters to depths of 130 metres (430 ft). They spend most of their time near the bottom where they frequently aggregate around features on the bottom such as piles of rocks, wrecks and man-made structures. It is often encountered resting in either a head-down or head-up position. Normally the dorsal fin is folded down but will be raised and spread out as an aggressive signal to other members of its own species. The juveniles remain in the protected estuarine waters where they are found around man-made structures, wrecks and over shell substrates.[4] This species is a slow growing fish and they reach sexual maturity at between one and three years old. They are protogynous hermaphrodites, the majority of them begin life as females and then change to males. The stimulus for the change is not known but it is thought that the largest females change sex in response to a shortage of males within a spawning group. These fishes spawn from January to July with the smaller females producing as few as 30,000 eggs while the larger females can produce 500,000 eggs.[5] Their eggs are pelagic and have a diameter of 0.9-1.0mm. They hatch 75 hours after laying, in water temperatures of 16 °C (61 °F). The larvae are pelagic until they grow to around 13 millimetres (0.51 in) in length when they change to a demersal or estuarine habit.[4] They are a predatory species with a rather catholic diet which includes crabs, shrimps, barnacles, worms, tunicates, small fish and bivalves. They are also preyed on by larger fish and their known predators include monkfish (Lophius americanus), spotted hake (Urophycis regia), summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus), striped bass (Morone saxatilis), bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix), weakfish (Cynoscion regalis), little skate (Leucoraja erinacea), spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias), bignose shark (Carcharhinus altimus) and dusky shark (Carcharhinus obscurus).[4][5] Females live to around 8 years of age while males can live to 12 years old.[5]

Taxonomy

The black sea bass was first formally described as Labrus striatus by Carolus Linnaeus in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae published in 1758, Linnaeus gave the type locality as America.[7] When the French anatomist and zoologist Georges Cuvier created the genus Centropristis he used Bloch and Schneider's 1801 Coryphaenus nigrescens as the type species for the new genus, this is a synonym of Linnaeus's Labrus striatus so the black sea bass is the type species of the genus Centropristis.[2] The generic name is a compound of the Greek words kentron meaning "a saw" and pristis which means "sting".[6]

Utilisation

Black sea bass are highly sought after by recreational and commercial fisherman,[1] There are two populations identified for fisheries management. NOAA Fisheries, the Mid-Atlantic Fishery Management Council, and the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission cooperate in the management of the black sea bass fishery in the seas north of Cape Hatteras in North Carolina while NOAA Fisheries and the South Atlantic Fishery Management Council manage the fishery south of Cape Hatteras. Management includes catch limits, permits and a close season.[5] This species has lean, white flesh which has a relatively firm texture, breaks into small flakes and has a delicate flavour. These small size of most of the fish available means that they are often cooked whole. They are caught using otter trawls, hook and line and in pots or traps. They have shown some promise in aquaculture but have not been farmed commercially yet.[8]. In sheltered environments the black sea bass can attain a high growth rate but this does not lead to long-term survival of their populations.[9]

References

  1. ^ a b c Anderson, W.; Milagrosa Bustamante, G.; Carpenter, K.E.; Gilmore, G.; Robertson, R. (2015). "Centropristis striata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T16435325A16510242. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T16435325A16510242.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Centropristis". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 30 August 2020.
  3. ^ "Species: Centropristis striata, Black seabass". Shorefishes of the Greater Caribbean online information system. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
  4. ^ a b c d e f "Centropristis striata". Disciover Fishes. Florida Museum. 11 May 2017. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
  5. ^ a b c d e f "Black Sea Bass". NOAA. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
  6. ^ a b Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2019). "Centropristis striata" in FishBase. December 2019 version.
  7. ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Labrus striatus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
  8. ^ "Black sea bass". Chefs Resources Inc. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
  9. ^ Gwak, Woo-Seok (2003). "Effects of Shelter on Growth and Survival in Age-0 Black Sea Bass, Centropristis Striata (L.)". Aquaculture Research. 34 (15): 1387–1390. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2003.00956.x.

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Black sea bass: Brief Summary ( İngilizce )

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The black sea bass (Centropristis striata) is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a sea bass from the subfamily Serraninae which is part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the groupers and anthias. It is found in the western Atlantic Ocean, where it is an important species for commercial and recreational fisheries.

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Centropristis striata ( Baskça )

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Centropristis striata Centropristis generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Serranidae familian sailkatzen da.

Banaketa

Erreferentziak

  1. Froese, Rainer & Pauly, Daniel ed. (2006), Centropristis striata FishBase webgunean. 2006ko apirilaren bertsioa.

Ikus, gainera

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Centropristis striata: Brief Summary ( Baskça )

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Centropristis striata Centropristis generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Serranidae familian sailkatzen da.

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Zwarte zeebaars ( Felemenkçe; Flemish )

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Vissen

De zwarte zeebaars (Centropristis striata) is een straalvinnige vis uit de familie van zaagbaarzen (Serranidae) en behoort derhalve tot de orde van baarsachtigen (Perciformes). De vis kan maximaal 66 cm lang en 4300 gram zwaar worden. De hoogst geregistreerde leeftijd is 10 jaar.

Leefomgeving

Centropristis striata is een zoutwatervis. De vis prefereert een gematigd klimaat en leeft hoofdzakelijk in de Atlantische Oceaan. De diepteverspreiding is 0 tot 1 m onder het wateroppervlak.

Relatie tot de mens

Centropristis striata is voor de visserij van aanzienlijk commercieel belang. In de hengelsport wordt er weinig op de vis gejaagd. De soort kan worden bezichtigd in sommige openbare aquaria.

Voor de mens is Centropristis striata giftig.

Externe link

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  • Froese, R., D. Pauly. en redactie. 2005. FishBase. Elektronische publicatie. www.fishbase.org, versie 06/2005.
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Zwarte zeebaars: Brief Summary ( Felemenkçe; Flemish )

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De zwarte zeebaars (Centropristis striata) is een straalvinnige vis uit de familie van zaagbaarzen (Serranidae) en behoort derhalve tot de orde van baarsachtigen (Perciformes). De vis kan maximaal 66 cm lang en 4300 gram zwaar worden. De hoogst geregistreerde leeftijd is 10 jaar.

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Svart havsabborre ( İsveççe )

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Svart havsabborre[2] (Centropristis striata) är en saltvattensfisk i familjen havsabborrfiskar som finns i västra Atlanten.

Utseende

En kraftigt byggd fisk med en kropp som är ungefär 3 gånger så lång som den är bred, kraftigt huvud och en stor mun med underbett.[3] Ryggfenan är sammanhängande, och tydligt större hos hanen än hos honan. Ögonen sitter högt upp på huvudet. De långa bröstfenorna är rundade, liksom analfenan och, hos ungfiskar, även stjärtfenan. På den sistnämnda växer det hos äldre fiskar ut en fenstråle, som hänger som ett bihang efter den egentliga fenan. Kroppen är täckt av stora fjäll utom huvudet, som är naket. Under parningstiden utvecklar könsmogna hanar en fettpuckel i nacken framför ryggfenan. Färgen varierar från grått, mörkbrunt till blåsvart, med något ljusare undersida. Längs sidorna har den flera ljusa längsband sammansatta av ljusblå till vita prickar, en i mitten på varje fjäll. Dessutom kan den ha spräckliga mönster eller omväxlande mörka och ljusa tvärband på sidorna. Hanens lekdräkt har lysande blå och gröna fält kring ögonen och nacken. Ungfiskarnas teckning har fyra olika faser: helt ljusgrå med små, mörka fläckar, mörk med vita fläckar, tvärrandig med ett mörkt längdband och bandad med 6 tvärband.[4] Som mest kan arten bli 66 cm lång och väga 4,3 kg, men är oftast mindre.[5]

Vanor

Den svarta havsabborren lever vid rev och konstruktioner som skeppsvrak och liknande på kontinentalhyllan,[6] från grunda, kustnära vatten till djup på 130 m. Det är inte ovanligt att den kan bilda tillfälliga, större samlingar kring olika föremål på havsbottnen. Ryggfenan är normalt nerfälld mot ryggen, och reses endast som en aggressionssignal.[4]

Den norra delen av populationen vandrar under hösten, när vattentemperaturen sjunker under 14 ºC, till varmare vatten, dels söderut, dels utåt till djupare vatten. Under våren, när vattentemperaturen stiger över 7 ºC, vandrar den tillbaka igen. Den södra delen av populationen gör inga större vandringar, men kan dra sig längre från kusten under stränga vintrar.[6]

Föda

Arten tar födan vid bottnen.[4] Sommartid består de vuxna fiskarnas föda av olika ryggradslösa djur, främst kräftdjur som unga humrar, bläckfisk och småfisk. Födan vintertid är sämre känd, men man antar att den domineras av tagghudingar, blötdjur och havsborstmaskar. Larverna antas leva av djurplankton; när de blr äldre övergår de till att leva av bottendjur som de fångar under dagen med synens hjälp, som gråsuggor, märlkräftor, räkor och kantnålsfiskar.[6]

Fortplantning

Den svarta havsabborren är hermafrodit med könsväxling; den fungerar först som hona, för att senare, vid en längd mellan 24 och 34 cm, byta kön och bli hane. Den blir könsmogen vid omkring 1 års ålder (8 till 17 cm) i norra delen av utbredningsområdet; tidigare längre söderut. Leken äger främst rum ute till havs vid ett djup mellan 20 och 50 m. I norra delen av utbredningsområdet sker leken vanligtvis mellan maj och augusti, men kan utsträckas ända till november.[6] Äggen, som är pelagiska, kläcks efter omkring 75 timmar vid 16 ºC.[4]

Utbredning

Utbredningsområdet omfattar västra Atlanten från Kanada till nordöstra Florida och östra Mexikanska golfen. Kalla vintrar kan den även förekomma vid sydligaste Florida.[5] Man brukar dela in arten i 3 populationsgrupper; den norra (norr om Kap Hatteras vid North Carolinas kust), den södra samt populationen i Mexikanska golfen. Den sistnämnda betraktas av vissa forskare som en egen underart, Centropristis striata melanus.[4]

Ekonomisk användning

Den svarta havsabborren är eftertraktad både av sportfiskare och kommersiella fiskare, något som har lett till överfiske.[4] Den saluförs vanligen färsk.[5]

Referenser

  1. ^ Centropristis striata Linnaeus, 1766” (på engelska). ITIS. http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=167687. Läst 25 maj 2012.
  2. ^ ”Europaparlamentets och rådets förordning (EG) nr 217/2009 av den 11 mars 2009 om avlämnande av statistikuppgifter om fångster och fiskeriaktiviteter från medlemsstater som bedriver fiske i Nordatlantens västra del (omarbetning)”. EU:s översättningstjänst. 11 mars 2009. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/Notice.do?mode=dbl&lang=sv&ihmlang=sv&lng1=sv,sv&lng2=bg,cs,da,de,el,en,es,et,fi,fr,ga,hu,it,lt,lv,mt,nl,pl,pt,ro,sk,sl,sv,&val=492483:cs&page=. Läst 19 maj 2012.
  3. ^ ”Black Sea Bass (Centropristis striata)” (på engelska) (PDF, 260 kB). Maine Department of Marine Resources. Arkiverad från originalet den 7 september 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120907022332/http://www.maine.gov/dmr/recreational/anglerguide/doyouknowyourcatch/documents/blackseabass.pdf. Läst 25 maj 2012.
  4. ^ [a b c d e f] Cathy Bester. ”BLACK SEABASS” (på engelska). Florida Museum of Natural History. http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/gallery/Descript/BlackSeabass/BlackSeabass.html. Läst 25 maj 2012.
  5. ^ [a b c] Luna, Susan M. (15 november 2011). Centropristis striata Linnaeus, 1758 Black seabass” (på engelska). Fishbase. http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Centropristis&speciesname=striata. Läst 25 maj 2012.
  6. ^ [a b c d] Frank W. Steimle, Christine A. Zetlin, Peter L. Berrien & Sukwoo Chang (September 1999). ”Black Sea Bass, Centropristis striata, Life History and Habitat Characteristics” (på engelska) (PDF, 4,88 MB). US Department of Commerce. http://www.nefsc.noaa.gov/publications/tm/tm143/tm143.pdf. Läst 25 maj 2012.
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Svart havsabborre: Brief Summary ( İsveççe )

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Svart havsabborre (Centropristis striata) är en saltvattensfisk i familjen havsabborrfiskar som finns i västra Atlanten.

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條紋鋸鮨 ( Çince )

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二名法 Centropristis striata
Linnaeus,1758

條紋鋸鮨輻鰭魚綱鱸形目鱸亞目鮨科的其中一,分布於西大西洋區,從加拿大墨西哥灣東部海域,體長可達66公分,生活在岩石底質的淺海域,為底棲性魚類,屬肉食性,可做為食用魚、遊釣魚及觀賞魚。

參考文獻

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條紋鋸鮨: Brief Summary ( Çince )

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條紋鋸鮨為輻鰭魚綱鱸形目鱸亞目鮨科的其中一,分布於西大西洋區,從加拿大墨西哥灣東部海域,體長可達66公分,生活在岩石底質的淺海域,為底棲性魚類,屬肉食性,可做為食用魚、遊釣魚及觀賞魚。

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Distribution ( İngilizce )

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Maine to eastern Gulf of Mexico

Referans

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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Habitat ( İngilizce )

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Found to depths of 1 m over rocky bottoms.

Referans

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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Habitat ( İngilizce )

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benthic

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North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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