dcsimg

Trophic Strategy ( İngilizce )

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Lives in vertical burrows singly or in groups, may swim for part of the time in midwater (Ref. 231). May occur at depths of 10 to 450 m, but mainly from 70 to 200 m (Ref. 6103). In the western Aegean Sea, the main depth range was from 100 - 120 m (Ref. 6127).
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Morphology ( İngilizce )

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Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 67 - 70; Analsoft rays: 60
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Life Cycle ( İngilizce )

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Eggs are pelagic.
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Diagnostic Description ( İngilizce )

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Body ribbon-like, gradually tapering to a pointed tail. Large, oblique mouth. Teeth widely spaced on both jaws. First two rays of dorsal fin unsegmented. Caudal fin with median rays longer and free at their tip. Dorsal and anal fins more or less joined to the caudal fin.
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Biology ( İngilizce )

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Found on sand and mud bottom (Ref. 26999). Lives in vertical burrows but may be found swimming in midwater. Occurs singly or in groups. Feeds mainly on small crustaceans and chaetognaths (Ref. 5984).
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Importance ( İngilizce )

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fisheries: minor commercial; price category: unknown; price reliability:
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Codornera ( Katalanca; Valensiyaca )

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La codornera, la veta, l'anguileta de mar, la cinta, la flàmula, el floc, el fuet, la lligacama o la pixota vermella (i metge en rossellonès[4]) (Cepola macrophthalma ) és una espècie de peix teleosti de la família dels cepòlids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.[5]

Morfologia

  • Pot superar els 50 cm de llargària.
  • Cos comprimit, acintat, molt allargat i fi. La seua altura minva cap al peduncle caudal.
  • Les escates són petites.
  • El cap és petit i rodó.
  • La boca és ampla i inclinada.
  • Les dents són esmolades i estan corbades cap a l'interior.
  • Els ulls són grossos amb un diàmetre d'un terç de la llargària del cap.
  • Té una aleta dorsal molt llarga que arriba des del cap fins al peduncle caudal. L'anal també és molt llarga. Tant les pectorals com les pèlviques són petites. La caudal és prima amb els radis filamentosos.
  • És de color vermell amb els costats de color groc o taronja. A la part anterior de la dorsal hi ha una taca vermella. Les aletes són rosades.[6][7]

Reproducció

Es reprodueix durant la primavera i la tardor.[7] Les larves són planctòniques i mentre creixen se'ls allarga el cos.[6]

Alimentació

Menja petits crustacis, peixets i anèl·lids.[8]

Depredadors

A Portugal és depredada pel lluç europeu (Merluccius merluccius)[9][10] i el gall de Sant Pere (Zeus faber),[11] a l'Estat espanyol per la llampuga (Coryphaena hippurus),[12] la rata de mar (Uranoscopus scaber)[13] i la lluerna rossa (Chelidonichthys lucernus),[14] a Itàlia pel capellà (Trisopterus minutus),[15] i a Grècia per Lophius.[16]

Hàbitat

És bentònic i apareix a partir dels 30 m fins als 200 m de fondària. Viu colgat i en petits grups a fons fangosos i sorrencs. També pot aparèixer a praderies de fanerògames de mar.[8]

Distribució geogràfica

Es troba des de les Illes Britàniques[17][18][19] fins al nord del Senegal,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26] incloent-hi la Mar Mediterrània, incloent-hi els Països Catalans.[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][8][49][50][51][52][53][54]

Costums

Després d'una gran tempesta s'apropa a la costa. És més actiu al vespre.[6]

Pesca

És capturat mitjançant bous d'arrossegament.[7]

Referències

  1. Linnaeus, C., 1758. Systema Naturae, Ed. X. (Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata.) Holmiae. Systema Nat. ed. 10 v. 1: i-ii + 1-824.
  2. ITIS
  3. Catalogue of Life (anglès)
  4. En aquest dialecte l'alternança tx/tj freqüent - borratxo/borratjo, matxo/matjo - que és una prolongació de la mateixa alternança que trobem en occità llenguadocià. El mot metxa 'cmoordó o cinta d'una candela, d'un llum d'oli' s'ha aplicat metafòricamentla Cepola rubescens per la seva constitució allargassada com una veta o cordó ); pronunciat [metge], per l'intercanvi al·ludit, s'ha interpretat com metge (cast. médico, fr. médecin), potser amb una associació irònica, amb el consegüent canvi de gènere).
  5. The Taxonomicon (anglès)
  6. 6,0 6,1 6,2 Mas Ferrà, Xavier i Canyelles Ferrà, Xavier, 2000. Peixos de les Illes Balears. Editorial Moll, Ciutat de Mallorca. Manuals d'introducció a la naturalesa, 13. ISBN 8427360134. Plana 150.
  7. 7,0 7,1 7,2 Mercader i Bravo, Lluís, 2008. Del mar a la llotja. Peixos del litoral català. Pòrtic Editorial. Col. Pòrtic Natura, núm. 21. Barcelona. ISBN 9788498090505. Pàgs. 98-99.
  8. 8,0 8,1 8,2 FishBase (anglès)
  9. Cabral, H.N. i A.G. Murta, 2002. The diet of blue whiting, hake, horse mackerel and mackerel off Portugal. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 18:14-23.
  10. Martos, A.R. i L.F. Peralta, 1995. Biology and fisheries of north-west African hakes (Merluccius merluccius, Merluccius senegalensis and Merluccius polli). Pàgs. 89-124. A: J. Alheit i T.J. Pitcher (eds.) Hake: Biology, fisheries and markets. Chapman & Hall, Londres. 478 p.
  11. Silva, A., 1999. Feeding habits of john dory, Zeus faber, off the Portuguese continental coast. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 79:333-340.
  12. Massutí, E., S. Deudero, P. Sánchez i B. Morales-Nin, 1998. Diet and feeding of dolphin (Coryphaena hippurus) in western Mediterranean waters. Bull. Mar. Sci. 63(2):329-341.
  13. Sanz, A., 1985. Contribución al estudio de la biología de Uranoscopus scaber (Linnaeus, 1758) (Osteichthyes, Uranoscopidae) del Mediterráneo occidental. Invest. Pesq. 49, 35-46.
  14. Morte, M.S., M.J. Redon i A. Sanz-Brau, 1997. Trophic relationships between two gurnards Trigla lucerna and Aspitrigla obscura from the western Mediterranean. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 77:527-537.
  15. Gramitto, M.E., 1999. Feeding habits and estimation of daily ration of poor cod Trisopterus minutus capelanus (Gadidae)in the Adriatic Sea. Cybium 23(2):115-130.
  16. FishBase (anglès)
  17. Went, A.E.J., 1957. List of Irish fishes. Department of Lands, Fisheries Division, Dublín. 31 p.
  18. Russell, F.S., 1976. The eggs and planktonic stages of British marine fishes. Academic Press, Londres, la Gran Bretanya. 524 p.
  19. Wheeler, A.C., N.R. Merrett i D.T.G. Quigley, 2004. Additional records and notes for Wheeler's (1992) List of the Common and Scientific Names of Fishes of the British Isles. J. Fish Biol. 65 (Supplement B): 1-40.
  20. Bañon, R., D. Villegas-Ríos, A. Serrano, G. Mucientes i J.C. Arronte, 2010. Marine fishes from Galicia (NW Spain): an updated checklist. Zootaxa 2667: 1-27.
  21. Bruce, J.R., J.S. Colman i N.S. Jones (1963). Marine fauna of the Isle of Man. Memoir Núm. 36. Liverpool University Press, Liverpool, Gran Bretanya.
  22. Coull, K.A., A.S. Jermyn, A.W. Newton, G.I. Henderson i W.B. Hall, 1989. Length/weight relationships for 88 species of fish encountered in the North Atlantic. Scottish Fish. Res. Rep. (43):80 p.
  23. Quéro, J.-C., 1990. Cepolidae. P. 853-854. A: J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post i L. Saldanha (eds.). Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisboa; SEI, París; i UNESCO, París. Vol. 2.
  24. Pereda, P. i B. Villamor, 1991. Relaciones biométricas en peces de la plataforma Cantábrica. Inf. Téc. Inst. Esp. Oceanogr. Núm. 92, 39 p.
  25. Sanches, J.G., 1991. Catálogo dos principais peixes marinhos da República de Guiné-Bissau. Publicações avulsas do I.N.I.P. Núm. 16. 429 p.
  26. Sánchez, F., F. de la Gándara i R. Gancedo, 1995. Atlas de los peces demersales de Galicia y el Cantábrico. Otoño 1991-1993. Publicaciones Especiales, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Madrid (20). 100 p.
  27. Mercader L., D. Lloris i J. Rucabado, 2003. Tots els peixos del Mar Català. Diagnosi i claus d'identificació. Institut d'Estudis Catalans. Barcelona. 350 p.
  28. Merella, P., A. Quetglas, F. Alemany i A. Carbonell, 1997. Length-weight relationship of fishes and cephalopods from the Balearic Islands (western Mediterranean). Naga ICLARM Q. 20(3/4):66-68.
  29. Bauchot, M.-L., 1987. Poissons osseux. p. 891-1421. A W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot i M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identification pour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Roma, Itàlia.
  30. Bilecenoglu, M., E. Taskavak S. Mater i M. Kaya, 2002. Checklist of the marine fishes of Turkey. Zootaxa (113):1-194.
  31. Costa, F., 1991. Atlante dei pesci dei mari italiani. Gruppo Ugo Mursia Editore S.p.A. Milà, Itàlia. 438 p.
  32. Demestre, M., P. Sánchez i P. Abelló, 2000. Demersal fish assemblages and habitat characteristics on the continental shelf and upper slope of the north-western Mediterranean. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 80(6): 981-988.
  33. Djabali, F., B. Brahmi i M. Mammasse, 1993. Poissons des Côtes Algériennes. Pelagos, Bulletin de l'Ismal (Bulletin de l'Institut des Sciences de la Mer et de l'Aménagement du Littoral). Numéro special, 215 pàgines.
  34. Economidis, P.S., 1973. Catalogue of the fishes of Greece. Reprinted from Hellenic Oceanology and Limnology, Praktika of the Inst. of Ocean. and Fishing Research, vol. 11 (1972).
  35. Fricke, R., M. Bilecenoglu i H.M. Sari, 2007. Annotated checklist of fish and lamprey species (Gnathostoma and Petromyzontomorphi) of Turkey, including a Red List of threatened and declining species. Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturk. Sea A (706):1-172.
  36. Koutrakis, E.T., A.A. Kallianiotis i A.C. Tsikliras, 2004. Temporal patterns of larval fish distribution and abundance in a coastal area of northern Greece. Sci. Mar. 68(4):585-595.
  37. Labropoulou, M. i C. Papaconstantinou, 2000. Community structure of deep-sea demersal fish in the North Aegean Sea (northeastern Mediterranean). Hydrobiologia 440:281-296.
  38. Luther, W. i K. Fiedler, 2002. Guida della fauna marina costiera del Mediterraneo. Atlante illustrato a colori. Franco Muzzio & C. (editor), Roma, Itàlia. 244p.
  39. Spatio-temporal distribution pattern of the red bandfish Cepola rubescens Linnaeus at different stages of its life cycle in the northwestern Mediterranean. J. Fish Biol. 39:549-557.
  40. Quignard, J.-P. i J.A. Tomasini, 2000. Mediterranean fish biodiversity. Biol. Mar. Mediterr. 7(3):1-66.
  41. Saad, A., 2005. Check-list of bony fish collected from the coast of Syria. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 5: 99-106.
  42. Soljan, T., 1975. I pesci dell'Adriatico. Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, Verona, Itàlia.
  43. Somarakis, S., P. Drakopoulos i V. Filippou, 2002. Distribution and abundance of larval fish in the Northern Aegean Sea - eastern Mediterranean - in relation to early summer oceanographic conditions. Journal of Plankton Research 24(4):339-357.
  44. Stergiou, K.I. i C. Papaconstantinou, 1993. Natural mortality of red bandfish, Cepola macrophthalma (L.), in the Aegean Sea (Greece): comparison of direct and indirect estimation methods. Fish. Res. 16(4):347-361.
  45. Stergiou, K.I., E.D. Christou, D. Georgopoulous, A. Zenetos i C. Souvermezoglou, 1997. The Hellenic seas: physics, chemistry, biology and fisheries. Pàgs. 415-538. A: A.D. Ansell, R.N. Gibson i M. Barnes (eds.). Oceanography and marine biology: an annual review. UCL Press.
  46. Stergiou, K.I., G. Petrakis i C.-Y. Politou, 1996. Small-scale fisheries in south Euboikos Gulf (Hellas): species composition and gear competition. Fish. Res. 26:325-326.
  47. Stergiou, K.I., P. Economidis i A. Sinis, 1992. Age, growth and mortality of red bandfish, Cepola macrophthalma (L.), in the western Aegean Sea (Greece). J. Fish Biol. 40(3):395-418.
  48. Stergiou, K.I., P. Economidis i A. Sinis, 1996. Sex ratio, spawning season and size at maturity of red bandfish, Cepola macrophthalma (L.) in the western Aegean Sea. J. Fish Biol. 49:561-572.
  49. Hureau, J.-C. i T. Monod (eds.), 1979. Supplement. Check-list of the fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and of the Mediterranean. p.339-394. A J.-C. Hureau i Th. Monod (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and of the Mediterranean.United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), París, França. Vols 1-2. 683 p.
  50. Lloris, D. i J. Rucabado, 1998. Guide FAO d'identification des espèces pour les besoins de la pêche. Guide d'Identification des ressources marines vivantes du Maroc. FAO, Roma. 263 p.
  51. Louisy, P., 2001. Guide d'identification des poissons marins. Europe et Méditerranée. París: Eds. Eugène Ulmer.
  52. Monod, T., 1979. Cepolidae. Pàg. 368. A: J. C. Hureau i Th. Monod (eds.). Check-list of the fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and of the Mediterranean (CLOFNAM). UNESCO, París, Vol. 1.
  53. Tortonese, E., 1986. Cepolidae. Pàg. 810-811. A: P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen i E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, París. vol. 2.
  54. Van der Land, J.; Costello, M.J.; Zavodnik, D.; Santos, R.S.; Porteiro, F.M.; Bailly, N.; Eschmeyer, W.N.; Froese, R., 2001. Pisces. A: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.), 2001. European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 357-374.


Bibliografia

  • Alegre, M., J. Lleonart i J. Veny, 1992. Espècies pesqueres d'interès comercial. Nomenclatura oficial catalana. Departament de Cultura, Generalitat Catalunya, Barcelona, Països Catalans.
  • Anònim, 2000. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, Sud-àfrica. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, Sud-àfrica.
  • Anònim, 2002. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West, NY 10024-5192, Estats Units.
  • Atkinson, R. J. A. i Pullin, R. S., 1996. "Observations on the Burrows and Burrowing Behaviour of the Red Band-Fish, Cepola rubescens L.". Marine Ecology Núm 17: 23-40.
  • Crespo, J., J. Gajate i R. Ponce, 2001. Clasificación científica e identificación de nombres vernáculos existentes en la base de datos de seguimiento informático de recursos naturales oceánicos. Instituto Español de Oceanografía (Madrid)
  • Froese, R. i C. Papasissi, 1990. The use of modern relational databases for identification of fish larvae. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 6:37-45.
  • Helfman, G., B. Collette i D. Facey: The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts (Estats Units), 1997.
  • Kaya, M., O. Özaydin i H.A. Benli, 2001. Age and growth parameters of the red bandfish (Cepola rubescens L., 1766) in Izmir Bay. Turk. J. Zool. 25:111-116.
  • Kotlyar, A.N., 1984. Dictionary of names of marine fishes on the six languages. All Union Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography, Moscou. 288 p.
  • Moyle, P. i J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a edició, Upper Saddle River (Nova Jersey, Estats Units): Prentice-Hall. Any 2000.
  • Museu Suec d'Història Natural. Base de dades de la col·lecció d'ictiologia. Secció d'Ictiologia, Departament de Zoologia de Vertebrats. Estocolm, Suècia, 1999.
  • Nelson, J.: Fishes of the World, 3a edició. Nova York, Estats Units: John Wiley and Sons. Any 1994.
  • Sanches, J.G., 1989. Nomenclatura Portuguesa de organismos aquáticos (proposta para normalizaçao estatística). Publicaçoes avulsas do I.N.I.P. Núm. 14. 322 p.
  • Stergiou, K.I., 1993. Abundance-depth relationship, condition factor and adaptive value of zooplanktophagy for red bandfish, Cepola macrophthalma. J. Fish Biol. 42:645-660.
  • Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a edició, Londres: Macdonald. Any 1985.
  • Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao i C.F. Lai (eds.), 1999. Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan.


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Codornera: Brief Summary ( Katalanca; Valensiyaca )

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La codornera, la veta, l'anguileta de mar, la cinta, la flàmula, el floc, el fuet, la lligacama o la pixota vermella (i metge en rossellonès) (Cepola macrophthalma ) és una espècie de peix teleosti de la família dels cepòlids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.

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Cepola macrophthalma ( İngilizce )

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Cepola macrophthalma is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cepolidae, the bandfishes. It is found in the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean from Senegal north to the British Isles. This species is known as the red bandfish, though this name is also given to other members of the genus Cepola.

Taxonomy

Cepola macrophthalma was first formally described as Ophidion macrophthalmum in 1758 by Carl Linnaeus with the type locality given as Algiers.[3] In 1764 Linnaeus described the genus Cepola with O. macrophthalmum as its type species by monotypy.[4] The specific name, macrophthalma is a compound of macro meaning "large" and ophthalmus which means "eyed", a reference to the large eyes which are larger than a third of the length of the head.[5]

Distribution

It is found on the coast and inner continental shelf of the eastern Atlantic between northern Senegal and Scotland and the Mediterranean west of the Aegean Sea and the Nile Delta.[2] It can be found on sandy and muddy ocean bottoms at depths of between 10 and 400 metres (33 and 1,312 ft).[2][6]

Description

Cepola macrophthalma has a thin, ribbon-like body, which tapers to a pointed tail. It is red in color, with an orange or yellow underside. It has large, silvery eyes. Its dorsal and anal fins stretch the length of its body and are connected to the caudal fin by a membrane creating an almost continuous fin. It has a large mouth, at an oblique angle, with thin, glassy, widely spaced teeth.[2]

These fish are highly variable in length, but an average length is 40.0 cm total length (15.7 in). The maximum length recorded for this species is 80.0 cm total length (31.5 in).[2] Taxonomic distinguishing features include 67–70 dorsal fin soft rays, 60 anal fin soft rays, two unsegmented dorsal fin rays, and a caudal fin with long median rays free at the tips.[2]

Ecology and behavior

Little was known of the behavior of this species until a population was discovered off the coast of the island of Lundy off the coast of Devon. Since then, many studies have been conducted on the population there, and on captive fish from Lundy.[6] The population at Lundy once comprised around 14,000 individuals, but numbers have dropped severely, despite a ban on fishing in Lundy's waters.[7][8]

These fish are burrowers, and they feed largely like garden eels, sticking their bodies out of their burrows to catch zooplankton. Unlike garden eels, they are not fixed in their burrows, but can move about both inside their burrows and in the open.[6] Their burrows have funnel-shaped openings, due to the large quantities of sediments they displace to construct their burrows, and they consist largely of single elliptical vertical shafts with a chamber at the bottom. The burrows reach depths of up to 1 metre (39 in), and 49 centimetres (19 in) is considered to be typical.[6] Bandfish excavate and maintain their burrows at dawn or dusk, with their mouth, and by pushing mud about with their body. They displace about three litres (three quarters of a gallon) of mud and sand in the excavation of a single burrow, and they take around six hours to construct their burrows.[6] Their burrows often connect with those of the crab Goneplax rhomboides and other burrowing fish and crustaceans, and these associations may be deliberate.[9]

Bandfish are an important part of the diets of many oceanic predators, especially John Dories,[10] but also other fish, common dolphins[11] and the musky octopus, Eledone moschata.[12] Bandfish may have taken up an ecological niche burrowing and eating zooplankton due to strong pressures from predators.[13]

As food

Historically, this species was an important food fish. The earliest recorded recipe, by the Greek cook Mithaecus, was for this species.[14] Andrew Dalby translated it as follows:

Tainia: gut, discard the head, rinse, slice; add cheese and oil.[15]

Tainia was the name by which the ancient Greeks called Cepola macrophthalma, and the oil was olive oil.[15] In modern times the species is of a lesser importance. In some countries (such as Italy and Spain) it is still consumed, but in others (such as Greece) it is generally discarded when caught by fishermen trying to catch more desirable species.[16] The fish is prized by British deep-sea anglers, and poaching by anglers is a major threat to the population at Lundy.[7]

At the market in Italy in the 2019; Fiammette is the common name

References

  1. ^ Smith-Vaniz, W.F. (2015). "Cepola macrophthalma". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T198649A15540075. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T198649A15540075.en. Retrieved 17 August 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2021). "Cepola macrophthalma" in FishBase. June 2021 version.
  3. ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Cepola". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 17 August 2021.
  4. ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Cepolidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 17 August 2021.
  5. ^ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (3 September 2020). "Order Priacanthiformes: Families Priacanthidae and Cepolidae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 17 August 2021.
  6. ^ a b c d e Atkinson, R. J. A.; Pullin, R. S. (1996). "Observations on the Burrows and Burrowing Behaviour of the Red Band-Fish, Cepola rubescens L.". Marine Ecology. 17 (1–3): 23–40. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0485.1996.tb00487.x.
  7. ^ a b Pope, Frank (6 December 2008). "Lundy's S.O.S: a blueprint for sustainable fishing?". The Times. Retrieved 21 November 2009.
  8. ^ "Getting a close-up look of Lundy's sealife". Where I Live. BBC Devon. 9 October 2003. Archived from the original on 22 October 2011. Retrieved 22 November 2009.
  9. ^ United Kingdom Marine Special Areas of Conservation. "Interactions between megafaunal burrowers". Community ecology: interactions between species. Retrieved 22 November 2009.
  10. ^ Stergiou, K. I.; Fourtouni, H. (1991). "Food habits, ontogenetic diet shift and selectivity in Zeus faber Linnaeus, 1758" (PDF). Journal of Fish Biology. 39 (4): 589–603. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1991.tb04389.x. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 3 November 2009.
  11. ^ Silva, M. A. (1999). "Diet of common dolphins, Delphinus delphis, off the Portuguese continental coast" (PDF). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 79 (3): 531–540. doi:10.1017/S0025315498000654. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 3 November 2009.
  12. ^ Şen, Halil (2007). "Food Preference of Eledone moschata Lamarck, 1799 (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) in Captive Conditions" (PDF). International Journal of Natural and Engineering Sciences. 1 (2): 29–31. Retrieved 22 November 2009.
  13. ^ Stergiou, K. I.; Kokan, Bože; Vrgoč, Nedo; Glamuzina, Branko; Conides, Alexis J.; Skaramuca, Boško (1993). "Abundance-depth relationship, condition factor, and adaptive value of zooplanktonophagy for red bandfish, Cepola macrophthalma". Journal of Fish Biology. 42 (3): 645–660. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0426.2007.01047.x.
  14. ^ Dalby, Andrew (1996). Siren Feasts. Abingdon, Oxon, England: Routledge. pp. 109–110. ISBN 978-0-415-15657-8.
  15. ^ a b Dalby, Andrew (2003). Food in the ancient world from A to Z. Abingdon, Oxfordshire, England: Routledge. pp. 79, 220. ISBN 978-0-415-23259-3.
  16. ^ Stergiou, K. I.; Economidis, P.; Sinis, A. (1992). "Age, growth, and mortality of red bandfish, Cepola macrophthalma (L.), in the western Aegean Sea (Greece)". Journal of Fish Biology. 40 (3): 395–418. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1992.tb02586.x.

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Cepola macrophthalma: Brief Summary ( İngilizce )

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Cepola macrophthalma is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cepolidae, the bandfishes. It is found in the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean from Senegal north to the British Isles. This species is known as the red bandfish, though this name is also given to other members of the genus Cepola.

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Cepola macrophthalma ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

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La cinta (Cepola macrophthalma) es un pez marino de la familia de los cepólidos, común en el mar Mediterráneo y este del Atlántico.

Morfología

Tiene el cuerpo en forma de larga cinta, de ahí su nombre, disminuyendo gradualmente el grosor hasta acabar en una cola puntiaguda. Las largas aletas de este pez tienen decenas de radios, ninguno de ellos con espinas, prácticamente unidas las aletas dorsal y anal con la aleta caudal.

La boca es grande y oblicua, con los finos dientes muy espaciados en ambas mandíbulas.

La talla máxima descrita ha sido 80 cm.[1]

Hábitat y biología

El área de distribución de esta especie es por la costa este del océano Atlántico desde las islas Británicas hasta Senegal, así como por casi todo el mar Mediterráneo.

Se encuentra en los 15 y los 400 m de profundidad, en el fondo de arena o fango.[2]​ Vive escondido en madrigueras verticales cavadas en dicho fondo, aunque se le puede encontrar nadando en aguas intermedias, individualmente o en grupos.

Se alimenta sobre todo de pequeños crustáceos.[3]

Pesca y gastronomía

Se pesca y comercializa con frecuencia, aunque es un pescado de escaso precio poco conocido.

Referencias

  1. Sánchez, F., F. de la Gándara and R. Gancedo, 1995 Atlas de los peces demersales de Galicia y el Cantábrico. Otoño 1991-1993. Publicaciones Especiales, Instituto Español de Oceanografia, Madrid, Spain (20). 100 p.
  2. Sanches, J.G., 1991 Catálogo dos principais peixes marinhos da República de Guiné-Bissau. Publicações avulsas do I.N.I.P. No. 16. 429 p.
  3. Tortonese, E., 1986 Cepolidae. p. 810-811. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 2.

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Cepola macrophthalma: Brief Summary ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

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La cinta (Cepola macrophthalma) es un pez marino de la familia de los cepólidos, común en el mar Mediterráneo y este del Atlántico.

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Xingolarrain ( Baskça )

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Xingolarraina (Cepola macrophthalma) Cepola generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Cepolidae familian sailkatzen da.

Xingola luze (75 cm arte) baten itxura duen arrain gorrixka da, batez ere Mediterraneoan bizi dena.[2]

Banaketa

Espezie hau Egeo itsasoan aurki daiteke.

Erreferentziak

  1. Froese, Rainer & Pauly, Daniel ed. (2006), Cepola macrophthalma FishBase webgunean. 2006ko apirilaren bertsioa.
  2. Lur entziklopedietatik hartua.

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Xingolarrain: Brief Summary ( Baskça )

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Xingolarraina (Cepola macrophthalma) Cepola generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Cepolidae familian sailkatzen da.

Xingola luze (75 cm arte) baten itxura duen arrain gorrixka da, batez ere Mediterraneoan bizi dena.

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Liekkikala ( Fince )

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Liekkikala (Cepola macrophthalma) on liekkikalojen heimoon kuuluva kalalaji. Carl von Linné kuvasi lajin ensimmäisenä vuonna 1758.[2] Liekkikala voi kasvaa pisimmillään 80 senttimetriä pitkäksi.

Liekkikalaa tavataan Atlantin itäosassa Brittein saarilta Senegalin edustalle, ja lisäksi Välimerellä. Se elää 15-400 metrin syvyydessä, hiekka- ja mutapohjien päällä mutta ui joskus keskikerroksessa.[2]

Liekkikalaa kalastetaan Välimeressä ruokakalaksi trooleilla ja kalaverkoilla. Länsi-Afrikan rannikolla se joutuu trooleihin sivusaaliina. Atlantilla suurimmat liekkikalan kalastajat ovat Espanja ja Portugali.[1]

Lähteet

  1. a b Smith-Vaniz, W.F.: Cepola macrophthalma IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015. International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, Iucnredlist.org. Viitattu 25.1.2019. (englanniksi)
  2. a b Cepola macrophthalma summary page FishBase. Viitattu 25.1.2019. (englanniksi)
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Liekkikala: Brief Summary ( Fince )

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Liekkikala (Cepola macrophthalma) on liekkikalojen heimoon kuuluva kalalaji. Carl von Linné kuvasi lajin ensimmäisenä vuonna 1758. Liekkikala voi kasvaa pisimmillään 80 senttimetriä pitkäksi.

Liekkikalaa tavataan Atlantin itäosassa Brittein saarilta Senegalin edustalle, ja lisäksi Välimerellä. Se elää 15-400 metrin syvyydessä, hiekka- ja mutapohjien päällä mutta ui joskus keskikerroksessa.

Liekkikalaa kalastetaan Välimeressä ruokakalaksi trooleilla ja kalaverkoilla. Länsi-Afrikan rannikolla se joutuu trooleihin sivusaaliina. Atlantilla suurimmat liekkikalan kalastajat ovat Espanja ja Portugali.

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Cepola macrophthalma ( Fransızca )

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Cépole commune

Cepola macrophthalma est une espèce de poissons de la famille des Cepolidae, connue sous le nom de Cépole ou Cépole commune, d'autres noms vernaculaires comme demoiselle (libellule), fouet, jarretière, ces noms sont dus soit à la forme globuleuse des yeux soit à la forme de ruban du poisson (plat et mince).

Distribution

 src=
Carte de distribution de Cepola macrophthalma

Mentions historiques

L'auteur grec du Ve siècle av. J.-C. Mithécos indique comment préparer ce poisson :

Tainia: vider, jeter la tête, laver, couper en tranches ; ajouter du fromage et de l'huile d'olive[1].

Notes et références

  1. Athenaeus. Deipnosophistae, 325f; Bilabel (1920)

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Cepola macrophthalma: Brief Summary ( Fransızca )

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Cépole commune

Cepola macrophthalma est une espèce de poissons de la famille des Cepolidae, connue sous le nom de Cépole ou Cépole commune, d'autres noms vernaculaires comme demoiselle (libellule), fouet, jarretière, ces noms sont dus soit à la forme globuleuse des yeux soit à la forme de ruban du poisson (plat et mince).

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Cepola macrophthalma ( İtalyanca )

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La cepola[1] (Cepola macrophthalma Linnaeus, 1758), è un pesce marino appartenente alla famiglia Cepolidae.

Distribuzione e habitat

Questa specie è diffusa nell'Atlantico orientale, dalle Isole Britanniche fino al Senegal e nel Mar Mediterraneo. Nei mari italiani e nel Mediterraneo è comune. Nel mar del Nord è molto rara[2]. Vive prevalentemente sui fondali fangosi, tra i 15 e i 400 metri di profondità[3], di solito tra 40 e 100[4].

 src=
In vendita al mercato nel 2019 con il nome comune di Fiammette

Descrizione

C. macrophtalma ha corpo estremamente allungato e fortemente compresso ai fianchi, a forma di nastro che si assottiglia verso la coda. La testa è abbastanza piccola rispetto al corpo, gli occhi sono grandi e la bocca è ampia, obliqua, rivolta verso l'alto è provvista di lunghi denti ricurvi. Le pinne pettorali e le pinne ventrali sono di modeste dimensioni. La pinna dorsale è lunga, parte da appena dietro la testa e giunge fino al peduncolo caudale, così come l'anale che però ha la sua origine più indietro. La pinna caudale è sottile e porta alcuni raggi liberi, non è unita alla dorsale e all'anale. La livrea prevede una colorazione uniforme rosa salmone carica, più chiara sul ventre. Le pinne dorsale e anale sono gialle; caratteristica è una macchia rossa posizionata nella parte anteriore della pinna dorsale. La pinna caudale è rossastra[2][4][5].

Raggiunge una lunghezza massima di 80 cm ma di solito si attesta sui 40[3].

Biologia

Vive infossato nel fango in una tana verticale, da cui esce talvolta per cacciare. Può essere gregario o solitario[4].

Riproduzione

Si riproduce in primavera, uova e larve sono pelagiche. I giovanili sono di colore giallo, presentano alcune spine sulla testa e hanno il corpo proporzionalmente meno allungato degli adulti[2].

Alimentazione

Si nutre prevalentemente di crostacei[2] la sua dieta però comprende anche chetognati[3].

Predatori

È preda abituale di vari pesci (Coryphaena hippurus, Trisopterus minutus, Lophiidae, Merluccius merluccius e Zeus faber)[6].

Pesca

Viene catturato abbondantemente con le reti a strascico; le sue carni sono apprezzate esclusivamente per la zuppa di pesce o la frittura di paranza, di cui è elemento comune[5].

Note

  1. ^ Mipaaf - Decreto Ministeriale n°19105 del 22 settembre 2017 - Denominazioni in lingua italiana delle specie ittiche di interesse commerciale, su www.politicheagricole.it. URL consultato il 4 marzo 2018.
  2. ^ a b c d Enrico Tortonese, Osteichthyes, Bologna, Calderini, 1975.
  3. ^ a b c (EN) Cepola macrophthalma, su FishBase. URL consultato il 12.08.2014.
  4. ^ a b c Patrick Louisy, Guida all'identificazione dei pesci marini d'Europa e del Mediterraneo, a cura di Trainito, Egidio, Milano, Il Castello, 2006, ISBN 88-8039-472-X.
  5. ^ a b Francesco Costa, Atlante dei pesci dei mari italiani, Milano, Mursia, ISBN 88-425-1003-3.
  6. ^ (EN) Sommario dei predatori da Fishbase URL consultato il 12/08/2014

Bibliografia

  • Patrick Louisy, Guida all'identificazione dei pesci marini d'Europa e del Mediterraneo, a cura di Trainito, Egidio, Milano, Il Castello, 2006, ISBN 88-8039-472-X.

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Cepola macrophthalma: Brief Summary ( İtalyanca )

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La cepola (Cepola macrophthalma Linnaeus, 1758), è un pesce marino appartenente alla famiglia Cepolidae.

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Rode lintvis ( Felemenkçe; Flemish )

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Vissen

De Rode lintvis (Cepola macrophthalma) is een straalvinnige vis uit de familie van Cepolidae en behoort derhalve tot de orde van baarsachtigen (Perciformes). De vis kan een lengte bereiken van 80 cm.

Leefomgeving

Cepola macrophthalma is een zoutwatervis. De vis prefereert een subtropisch klimaat en leeft hoofdzakelijk in de Atlantische Oceaan. Bovendien komt Cepola macrophthalma voor in de Middellandse Zee. De diepteverspreiding is 15 tot 400 m onder het wateroppervlak.

Relatie tot de mens

Cepola macrophthalma is voor de visserij van beperkt commercieel belang. In de hengelsport wordt er weinig op de vis gejaagd.

Externe link

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  • Froese, R., D. Pauly. en redactie. 2005. FishBase. Elektronische publicatie. www.fishbase.org, versie 06/2005.

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Rode lintvis: Brief Summary ( Felemenkçe; Flemish )

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De Rode lintvis (Cepola macrophthalma) is een straalvinnige vis uit de familie van Cepolidae en behoort derhalve tot de orde van baarsachtigen (Perciformes). De vis kan een lengte bereiken van 80 cm.

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Rød cepola ( Norveççe )

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Rød cepola er en lang og slank piggfinnefisk. Den er den eneste representanten for sin familie i europeiske farvann.

Den kan bli opptil 70 cm lang, men vanlig lengde er omtrent halvparten. Arten er vanligst på 70–200 m dyp. Den er en bunnfisk som lever i huler, som den selv graver på mudderbunn.

Rød cepola lever i Atlanterhavet fra De britiske øyer til Senegal og i Middelhavet. Den er aldri funnet i Norge, selv om den lever utenfor kysten av Skottland.

I den eldste kjente kokeboka, skrevet av sicilianeren Mithaikos i det 5. århundre f.Kr., står det hvordan rød cepola skal tilberedes.

Litteratur

Eksterne lenker

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Rød cepola: Brief Summary ( Norveççe )

wikipedia NO tarafından sağlandı

Rød cepola er en lang og slank piggfinnefisk. Den er den eneste representanten for sin familie i europeiske farvann.

Den kan bli opptil 70 cm lang, men vanlig lengde er omtrent halvparten. Arten er vanligst på 70–200 m dyp. Den er en bunnfisk som lever i huler, som den selv graver på mudderbunn.

Rød cepola lever i Atlanterhavet fra De britiske øyer til Senegal og i Middelhavet. Den er aldri funnet i Norge, selv om den lever utenfor kysten av Skottland.

I den eldste kjente kokeboka, skrevet av sicilianeren Mithaikos i det 5. århundre f.Kr., står det hvordan rød cepola skal tilberedes.

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Cepola macrophthalma ( Portekizce )

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Cepola macrophthalma é uma espécie de peixe pertencente à família Cepolidae.

A autoridade científica da espécie é Linnaeus, tendo sido descrita no ano de 1758.

Portugal

Encontra-se presente em Portugal, onde é uma espécie nativa.

Os seus nomes comuns são suspensório ou suspensórios.

Descrição

Trata-se de uma espécie marinha. Atinge os 80 cm de comprimento total , com base de indivíduos de sexo indeterminado.

Referências

  • Cepola macrophthalma - Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2014. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org, (11/2014)

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Cepola macrophthalma: Brief Summary ( Portekizce )

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Cepola macrophthalma é uma espécie de peixe pertencente à família Cepolidae.

A autoridade científica da espécie é Linnaeus, tendo sido descrita no ano de 1758.

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Bandfisk ( İsveççe )

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Bandfisk (Cepola macrophthalma) är en fisk i familjen bandfiskar.

Utseende

Bandfisken har en mycket lång och från sidorna kraftigt sammantryckt kroppsform som får den att likna ett band, därav namnet. Kroppen är skär, röd till orangefärgad; ryggfenan, stjärtfenan och analfenan är sammanvuxna och sträcker sig utmed större delen av kroppen. Färgen på fenorna är gul, utom ryggfenans främre, röda del.[2] Den har en stor mun med glesa tänder. Längden går vanligen upp till 40 cm, men fisken kan bli 80 cm lång som mest.[3]

Vanor

Arten lever i varmare hav på djup mellan 15 och 400 m, vanligtvis nära sand-, grus- och gyttjebottnar samt på undervattensängar bevuxna med bandtång, där den gärna vilar i gropar i bottenmaterialet.[2] Den kan emellertid också simma pelagiskt. Födan består av små kräftdjur och pilmaskar.[3]

Utbredning

Utbredningsområdet omfattar östra Atlanten från Brittiska öarna, via Medelhavet till Senegal.[3]

Referenser

  1. ^ Cepola macrophthalma Linnaeus, 1758” (på engelska). ITIS. http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=170281. Läst 12 oktober 2010.
  2. ^ [a b] Curry-Lindahl, Kai (1985). Våra fiskar : havs- och sötvattensfiskar i Norden och övriga Europa. Stockholm: Norstedts. sid. 438-439. ISBN 91-1-844202-1
  3. ^ [a b c] Luna, Susan M. (6 oktober 2010). Cepola macrophthalma (Linnaeus, 1758) Red bandfish” (på engelska). Fishbase. http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=56. Läst 12 oktober 2010.
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Bandfisk: Brief Summary ( İsveççe )

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Bandfisk (Cepola macrophthalma) är en fisk i familjen bandfiskar.

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大眼赤刀魚 ( Çince )

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二名法 Cepola macrophthalma
Linnaeus 1758

大眼赤刀魚學名Cepola macrophthalma)是一種赤刀魚屬。牠們分佈在由塞內加爾北至挪威的東大西洋地中海[1]

分佈

大眼赤刀魚分佈在由塞內加爾北部至挪威大西洋,與及愛琴海尼羅河三角洲以西地中海的海岸及大陸棚[1]牠們棲息在沙質及泥質海床,深度介乎10-400米的水域。[1][2]

特徵

大眼赤刀魚的身體很幼,尤如絲帶一般,尾巴部份逐漸收窄。牠們呈紅色,底部呈橙色或黃色。牠們的眼睛很大,呈銀色。背鰭臀鰭一直沿身體延至尾巴,與尾鰭連合。牠們有很大的口,可以張開至銳角的角度;牙齒很幼,排列得很疏。[1]

大眼赤刀魚的長度可以很不同,平均也有40厘米。最長的紀錄為80厘米。[1]牠們的背鰭有67-70條軟鰭條,臀鰭有60條。背部鰭條沒有分隔,尾鰭的中央鰭條很長。[1]

生態及行為

在發現大眼赤刀魚群落前,對其所知甚少。自從在英國德文郡對出的蘭迪島發現牠們的群落後,就進行多個研究,並且也有進行飼養。[3]蘭迪島群落的數量曾經達14000條,但卻嚴重下降,現已有措施禁止漁獵。[4][5]

大眼赤刀魚是會挖穴的,主要吃多椎異康吉鰻,並會留在洞穴捕食浮游動物。牠們不會像多椎異康吉鰻般固定在洞穴,而是可以自由來往洞穴。[2]大眼赤刀魚的洞穴入口呈漏斗形,洞深達1米,平均深49厘米。[3]牠們會在黎明黃昏時份挖穴,以其口挖開泥土,再用身體推開。牠們挖穴時會造成約3升的泥濘及沙土,挖穴時間約要6小時。[3][2]牠們的洞穴很多會與其他挖穴的魚類甲殼類的洞穴相連,而且都是故意的。[6]

大眼赤刀魚是其他海洋掠食者的主要獵物,如海魴[7]海豚屬[8]八爪魚[9]大眼赤刀魚挖洞及吃浮游動物的生態位可能是因被掠食的壓力所造成的。[10]

食用

傳統上,大眼赤刀魚都是重要的食物。早於前5世紀希臘麦瑟库斯(Mithaecus)就已經會煮食大眼赤刀魚。[11]他紀錄處理大眼赤刀魚的方法:取出內臟,棄掉頭部,沖洗及切片;加入芝士橄欖油[12]現今牠們已不再如以往般重要。在一些國家,如義大利西班牙仍會食用大眼赤刀魚,而其他的國家的漁民則很多時會將之放回海上。[13]

參考

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Froese, Rainer & Daniel Pauly, eds. (2009). Cepola macrophthalma in FishBase. 2009年November月版本
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Reebs, Stéphan G. Can fishes build things? (PDF). howfishbehave.ca. 2008 [2009-11-19].
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Atkinson, R. J. A.; Pullin, R. S. Observations on the Burrows and Burrowing Behaviour of the Red Band-Fish, Cepola rubescens L.. Marine Ecology. 1996, 17 (1-3): 23–40. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0485.1996.tb00487.x. 引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助); 使用|accessdate=需要含有|url= (帮助)
  4. ^ Pope, Frank. Lundy's S.O.S: a blueprint for sustainable fishing?. The Times. 6 December 2008 [2009-11-21].
  5. ^ Getting a close-up look of Lundy's sealife. Where I Live: Devon. BBC News. 9 October 2003 [2009-11-12].
  6. ^ United Kingdom Marine Special Areas of Conservation. Interactions between megafaunal burrowers. Community ecology: interactions between species. [2009-11-22].
  7. ^ Stergiou, K. I.; Fourtouni, H. Food habits, ontogenetic diet shift and selectivity in Zeus faber Linnaeus, 1758 (PDF). Journal of Fish Biology. 1991, 39: 589–603 [2009-11-03]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-07-21). 引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)
  8. ^ Silva, M. A. Diet of common dolphins, Delphinus delphis, off the Portuguese continental coast (PDF). Journal of the Marine Biology Association of the United Kingdom. 1999, 79: 531–530 [2009-11-03]. doi:10.1017/S0025315498000654.
  9. ^ Şen, Halil. Food Preference of Eledone moschata Lamarck, 1799 (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) in Captive Conditions (PDF). International Journal of Natural and Engineering Sciences. 2007, 1 (2): 29–31 [2009-11-22].[永久失效連結]
  10. ^ Stergiou, K. I. Abundance-depth relationship, condition factor, and adaptive value of zooplanktonophagy for red bandfish, Cepola macrophthalma. Journal of Fish Biology. 1993, 42: 645–60 [2009-11-20]. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0426.2007.01047.x.
  11. ^ Dalby, Andrew. Siren Feasts. Abingdon, Oxfordshire, England: Routledge. 1996: 109–10. ISBN 0-41515657-2.
  12. ^ Dalby, Andrew. Food in the ancient world from A to Z. Abingdon, Oxfordshire, England: Routledge. 2003: 79, 220. ISBN 0-41523259-7.
  13. ^ Stergiou, K. I.; Economidis, P.; and Sinis, A. Age, growth, and mortality of red bandfish, Cepola macrophthalma (L.), in the western Aegean Sea (Greece). Journal of Fish Biology. 1992, 40 (3): 395–418. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1992.tb02586.x. 引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助); 使用|accessdate=需要含有|url= (帮助)
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大眼赤刀魚: Brief Summary ( Çince )

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大眼赤刀魚(學名Cepola macrophthalma)是一種赤刀魚屬。牠們分佈在由塞內加爾北至挪威的東大西洋地中海

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