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Parapercis hexophtalma (Cuvier 1829) resmi
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Parapercis hexophtalma (Cuvier 1829)

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Trophic Strategy ( İngilizce )

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Occurs in shallow coral reef areas, predominantly found in exposed sand plains of reef flats and channels at depth of 2-10 m. Is often found in haremic social groups dominated by single territorial males. (Ref. 9001)
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Diagnostic Description ( İngilizce )

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Easily identified by the large black blotch on the tail. Body and head spotted, except in large males that feature lines on the cheek instead (Ref. 48636). Upper third of body greenish to brownish grey, flecked with dark brown, the lower two-thirds white with 3 or 4 longitudinal rows of small dark brown spots, sometimes linked by narrow dark stripes except lower row as discrete yellow-edged black spots. Caudal fin with a very large black spot centrobasally in fin. Last membrane of spinous portion of dorsal fin connected to first dorsal-fin ray nearly at height of fifth dorsal-fin spine (Ref 42740).
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Morphology ( İngilizce )

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Dorsal spines (total): 5; Dorsal soft rays (total): 21 - 22; Analspines: 1; Analsoft rays: 17 - 18
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Biology ( İngilizce )

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Found on sand and rubble bottoms of shallow lagoon and protected seaward reefs (Ref. 9710, 48636). Also Ref. 58652.
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Importance ( İngilizce )

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fisheries: minor commercial; aquarium: commercial; price category: unknown; price reliability:
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Swartstert-sandspiering ( Afrikaans )

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Die Swartstert-sandspiering (Parapercis hexophtalma) is 'n vis wat in die Indiese-Pasifiese area, die Rooisee en aan die ooskus van Afrika vanaf Oman tot by Algoabaai voorkom. In Engels staan die vis bekend as die Blacktail sandperch.

Identifikasie

Die vis is wit aan die onder- en bokant. Daar is 'n vierkantige swart vlek in die middel van die stertvin en 'n klein swart kol op die voorste gedeelte van die dorsale vin. Die wyfie het klein swart kolletjies op die kop rugkant terwyl die mannetjie verskeie bruin kolletjies en strepies op die rug het. Die vis word tot 28 cm groot. Daar is ook 'n ry ligter vlekke vanaf die pektorale vin tot by die stertvin met 'n donker kol binne in die vlek. Net bo die anale vin is daar 'n ry swart kolletjies met geel rante om en daar is bruinerige lyne op die kop.

Habitat

Die vis leef in vlak water bo sand en rots naby koraal- en rotsriwwe. Hulle vreet krappe, garnale, gastropodes en vis. Die vissies word almal as wyfies gebore, maar sommige verander van geslag sodra hulle 20 cm lank word. Elke mannetjie het 2 - 3 wyfies in sy harem. Hulle is die besigste gedurende sonsondergang.

Sien ook

Bron

Verwysings

Eksterne skakel

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Swartstert-sandspiering: Brief Summary ( Afrikaans )

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Die Swartstert-sandspiering (Parapercis hexophtalma) is 'n vis wat in die Indiese-Pasifiese area, die Rooisee en aan die ooskus van Afrika vanaf Oman tot by Algoabaai voorkom. In Engels staan die vis bekend as die Blacktail sandperch.

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Parapercis hexophtalma ( Katalanca; Valensiyaca )

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Parapercis hexophtalma és una espècie de peix de la família dels pingüipèdids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.[6] Imamura i Yoshino suggereixen l'existència de tres espècies diferents englobades sota el nom de P. hexophtalma,[7] mentre que Randall les considera com a subespècies a l'espera de les anàlisis genètiques pertinents.[8] El seu nom específic, hexophtalma, prové del grec hex (sis) i ophtalmos (ull) i fa referència als sis ocels negres envoltats de groc que els mascles tenen als flancs (tres a cada costat).[9]

Morfologia

src=
Exemplar de la Gran Barrera de Corall (Austràlia)

Fa 29 cm de llargària màxima (tot i que la seua mida normal és de 18) i presenta el cos i el cap puntejats, una gran taca de color negre a la cua, el terç superior del cos de verdós a gris marronós (esquitxat de marró fosc) i els dos terços inferiors de color blanc amb 3-4 fileres longitudinals de puntets marrons foscos (de vegades, unides per estretes bandes fosques tret de la fila inferior). 5 espines i 21-22 radis tous a l'aleta dorsal i 1 espina i 17-18 radis tous a l'anal. Les aletes pectorals (amb les quals, sovint, es recolza damunt del substrat) tenen un únic radi espinós i 5 radis tous. Absència d'aleta adiposa. La darrera membrana de l'àrea espinosa de l'aleta dorsal es troba connectada al primer radi de la susdita aleta (gairebé a l'altura de la cinquena espina dorsal). Boca terminal. 58-61 escates a la línia lateral.[10][11][12][13][14]

Ecologia

És un peix marí, associat als esculls de corall[15] (entre 2 i 22 m de fondària)[16] i de clima tropical (30°N-30°S), el qual viu a la conca Indo-Pacífica: els fons sorrencs de les llacunes de poca fondària i els esculls protegits de mar endins[11] de les illes Andaman,[17] l'arxipèlag de les Txagos,[18][19] la Xina continental[20] (incloent-hi Hong Kong),[21] les illes Cocos,[22] les illes Cook,[23] Egipte,[24] Fiji,[25][26] l'Índia,[27][28] Indonèsia,[29][30][31][32][33] Israel,[34] el Japó[35][36] (incloent-hi les illes Ryukyu),[35] Jordània,[37][38] l'illa de Lord Howe,[39][40] les illes Maldives,[41][42] les illes Marshall,[12][43] Moçambic,[44][45][46][47] Nova Caledònia,[48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57] Oman,[58][59] Papua Nova Guinea,[60][61] les illes Filipines,[62][63][64][65][66][67][68] l'illa de la Reunió,[69][70][71] Samoa,[12][72] Somàlia,[10][73] Sud-àfrica,[74] Sudan,[75] Taiwan,[76][77][78][79][80][81][82] Tanzània,[83] Tailàndia,[84] Tonga,[85] el Vietnam,[86] el Iemen[87] i el mar Roig.[88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][4][13][100]

És hermafrodita proterogínic (abans femella i després mascle) i la inversió sexual té lloc quan arriba als 17-20 cm de llargària. És llavors quan el mascle s'estableix en un territori, es fa amb un harem de femelles i defensa tots dos contra altres mascles competidors. La fresa té lloc durant tot l'any (durant el crepuscle), els ous són planctònics i la fase larval dura entre 1 i 2 mesos.[14] Menja organismes bentònics[101] (petits crustacis decàpodes i peixets)[14] i el seu nivell tròfic és de 3,54.[102] És inofensiu per als humans[13] i es pot trobar en el mercat internacional de peixos ornamentals.[14]

Referències

  1. ↑ Bleeker P., Onzième notice sur la faune ichthyologique de l'île de Ternate. Neder. Tijdschr. Dierk. 1863. V. 1. 228-238
  2. ↑ uBio (anglès)
  3. ↑ Cuvier, G. & Valenciennes, A., 1829. Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome troisième. Suite du Livre troisième. Des percoïdes à dorsale unique à sept rayons branchiaux et à dents en velours ou en cardes. Historie naturelle des poissons. v. 3: i-xxviii + 2 pp. + 1-500, Pls. 41-71.
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 Catalogue of Life (anglès)
  5. ↑ uBio (anglès)
  6. ↑ The Taxonomicon (anglès)
  7. ↑ Imamura, H. i T. Yoshino, 2007. Three new species of the genus Parapercis from the Western Pacific, with Rediscription of Parapercis hexophtalma (Perciformes: Pinguipedidae). Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci. Ser. A, Suppl. 1:81-100. Pàg. 82.
  8. ↑ Randall, J. E., 2008. Six new sandperches of the genus Parapercis from the Western Pacific, with description of a neotype for Parapercis maculata (Bloch and Schneider). The Raffles Bull. Zool. 19:159-178.
  9. ↑ Romero, P., 2002. An etymological dictionary of taxonomy. Madrid, Espanya
  10. ↑ 10,0 10,1 Sommer, C., W. Schneider i J.-M. Poutiers, FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of Somalia. 1996. FAO, Roma. 376 p. Pàg. 298
  11. ↑ 11,0 11,1 Kuiter, R. H. i T. Tonozuka, 2001. Pictorial guide to Indonesian reef fishes. Part 2. Fusiliers - Dragonets, Caesionidae - Callionymidae. Zoonetics, Austràlia. 304-622 p. Pàg. 574.
  12. ↑ 12,0 12,1 12,2 Randall, J. E., 2001. Pinguipedidae (= Parapercidae, Mugiloididae). Sandperches. P. 3501-3510. A: K. E. Carpenter i V. Niem (eds.). FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles, sea turtles, sea snakes and marine mammals. FAO, Roma. ISBN 9251045895.
  13. ↑ 13,0 13,1 13,2 FishBase (anglès)
  14. ↑ 14,0 14,1 14,2 14,3 DORIS (francès)
  15. ↑ Hardy, J. D. Jr., 2003. Coral reef fish species. NOAANational Oceanographic Data Center. NODC Coral Reef Data and Information Management System. Els Estats Units. 537 p. Pàg. 389.
  16. ↑ Lieske, E. i R. Myers, 1994. Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p.
  17. ↑ Rajan, P. T., C. R. Sreeraj i T. Immanuel, 2011. Fish fauna of coral reef, mangrove, freshwater, offshore and seagrass beds of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Zoological Survey of India, Andaman and Nicobar Regional Centre, Haddo, Port Blair.
  18. ↑ Winterbottom, R. i R. C. Anderson, 1997. A revised checklist of the epipelagic and shore fishes of the Chagos Archipelago, Central Indian Ocean. Ichthyol. Bull. Smith. Inst. (66):1-28. Pàg. 17.
  19. ↑ All fishes of Chagos Islands - FishBase (anglès)
  20. ↑ Huang, Z., 2001. Marine species and their distribution in China's seas. p. 404-463. Vertebrata. Smithsonian Institution, Florida, Estats Units. 598 p. Pàg. 445.
  21. ↑ Sadovy, Y. i A. S. Cornish, 2000. Reef fishes of Hong Kong. Hong Kong University Press. i-xi + 1-321.
  22. ↑ Allen, G. R. i W. F. Smith-Vaniz, 1994. Fishes of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Atoll Res. Bull. 412:21 p. Pàg. 15.
  23. ↑ All fishes of Cook Islands - FishBase (anglès)
  24. ↑ All fishes of Egypt - FishBase (anglès)
  25. ↑ Randall, J. E., G. R. Allen i R. C. Steene, 1990. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. Pàg. 360.
  26. ↑ Thaman, R. R., T. Fong i A. Balawa, 2008. Ilava Ni Navakavu: Finfishes of Vanua Navakavu, Viti Levu, Fiji Islands. SPRH-FIO Biodiversity and Ethnobiodiversity Report No. 4. The University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji.
  27. ↑ Kapoor, D., R. Dayal i A.G. Ponniah, 2002. Fish biodiversity of India. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, l'Índia. 775 p. Pàg. 574.
  28. ↑ Kumaran, M. i S. Jones, 1980. Fishes of the Laccadive Archipelago. Kerala Mathrubhumi Press. Pàg. 508.
  29. ↑ Kuiter, R. H., 1992. Tropical reef-fishes of the western Pacific Indonesia and adjacent waters. Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta, Indonèsia. 314 p. Pàg. 209.
  30. ↑ Allen, G. R. i M. Adrim, 2003. Coral reef fishes of Indonesia. Zool. Stud. 42(1):1-72. Pàg. 52.
  31. ↑ Kunzmann, A., J.E. Randall i I. Suprihanto, 1998. Checklist of the shore fishes of the Mentawai Islands, Nias Island and the Padang region of West-Sumatra. Naga ICLARM Q. 22(1):4-10
  32. ↑ Reef fishes of the Bird's Head Peninsula, West Papua, Indonesia (anglès)
  33. ↑ All fishes of Indonesia - FishBase (anglès)
  34. ↑ All fishes of Israel - FishBase (anglès)
  35. ↑ 35,0 35,1 Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno i T. Yoshino, 1984. The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tòquio, el Japó. 437 p.
  36. ↑ Motomura, H., K. Kuriiwa, E. Katayama, H. Senou, G. Ogihara, M. Meguro, M. Matsunuma, Y. Takata, et al., Annotated checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island, Kagoshima, southern Japan. 2010. Pp. 65-247. A: Fishes of Yaku-shima Island. National Museum of Nature and Science, Tòquio. Fishes of Yaku-shima Island
  37. ↑ Khalaf, M. A., 2004. Fish fauna of the Jordanian Coast, Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Marine Sciences 15(1): 23-50. Pàg. 9.
  38. ↑ Khalaf, M. A. i A. M. Disi, 1997. Fishes of the Gulf of Aqaba. Marine Science Station, Aqaba, Jordània. 252 p. Pàg. 176.
  39. ↑ Francis, M. P., 1993. Checklist of the coastal fishes of Lord Howe, Norfolk, and Kermadec Islands, Southwest Pacific Ocean. Pac. Sci. 47(2):136-170.
  40. ↑ All fishes of Lord Howe Island - FishBase (anglès)
  41. ↑ Randall, J. E. i C. Anderson, 1993. Annotated checklist of the epipelagic and shore fishes of the Maldives Islands. Ichthyol. Bull. of the J. L. B. Smith Inst. of Ichthyol. 59:47. Pàg. 36.
  42. ↑ Anderson, C. i A. Hafiz, 1989. Common reef fishes of the Maldives. Part 2. Novelty Printers and Publishers, Malé, Maldives. 85 p. Pàg. 40.
  43. ↑ All fishes of Marshall Islands - FishBase (anglès)
  44. ↑ Fischer, W., I. Sousa, C. Silva, A. de Freitas, J. M. Poutiers, W. Schneider, T. C. Borges, J.P. Feral i A. Massinga, 1990. Fichas FAO de identificaçao de espécies para actividades de pesca. Guia de campo das espécies comerciais marinhas e de águas salobras de Moçambique. Publicaçao preparada em collaboraçao com o Instituto de Investigaçao Pesquiera de Moçambique, com financiamento do Projecto PNUD/FAO MOZ/86/030 e de NORAD. Roma, FAO. 424 p.
  45. ↑ Pereira, M. A. M., Preliminary checklist of reef-associated fishes of Mozambique. 2000. Maputo, Ministry for the Coordination of Environmental Affairs (MICOA). 21 pp.
  46. ↑ Smith, J .L. B., 1969. Fishes of Inhaca. P. 131-136. A: W. Macnae i M. Kalk (eds.) A natural history of Inhaca Island, Moçambique. Witwatersrand University Press, Johannesburg. Pàg. 132.
  47. ↑ Ronald Fricke, Patrick Durville, Giacomo Bernardi, Philippe Borsa, Gérard Mou-Tham i Pascale Chabanet, Checklist of the shore fishes of Europa Island, Mozambique Channel, southwestern Indian Ocean, including 302 new records. 2013. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie 6. Stuttgart, 30-IV-2013
  48. ↑ Wantiez, L., 1993. Les poissons des fonds meubles du lagon Nord et de la Baie de Saint-Vincent de Nouvelle-Calédonie: Description des peuplements, structure et fonctionnement des communautés. Ph.D. Thesis, Université d'Aix-Marseille II, França. Pàg. 129.
  49. ↑ Baillon, N., 1991. Otolithometrie en milieu tropical: application a trois especes du lagon de Nouvelle-Caledonie. ORSTOM, Inst. Fr. Rech. Sci. Dév. Coop., Trav. Doc. 113. 296 p.
  50. ↑ Haudricourt, A.-G. i F. Ozanne-Rivierre, 1999. Dictionnaire thématique des langues de la région de Hienghène (Nouvelle-Calédonie). Lacito-Documents. Asie-Austronésie. SELAF, París.
  51. ↑ Kulbicki, M. i J. T. Williams, 1997. Checklist of the shorefishes of Ouvea Atoll, New Caledonia. Atoll Res. Bull. 444:26 p.
  52. ↑ Kulbicki, M., G. Mou Tham, P. Thollot i L. Wantiez, 1993. Length-weight relationships of fish from the lagoon of New Caledonia. Naga ICLARM Q. 16(2-3):26-29.
  53. ↑ Kulbicki, M., J.E. Randall i J. Rivaton, 1994. Checklist of the fishes of the Chesterfield Islands (Coral Sea). Micronesica 27(1/2): 1-43. Pàg. 31.
  54. ↑ Kulbicki, M., N. Guillemot i M. Amand, 2005. A general approach to length-weight relationships for New Caledonian lagoon fishes. Cybium 29(3):235-252
  55. ↑ Loubens, G., 1980. Biologie de quelques espèces de poissons du lagon Néo-Calédonien. III. Croissance. Cah. Indo-Pac. 2:101-153.
  56. ↑ Randall, J. E., 2005. Reef and shore fishes of the South Pacific. New Caledonia to Tahiti and the Pitcairn Islands. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 720 p. Pàg. 464.
  57. ↑ Laboute, P. i R. Grandperrin, 2000. Poissons de Nouvelle-Calédonie. Éditions Catherine Ledru, Nouméa. 7-520.
  58. ↑ Randall, J. E., 1995. Coastal fishes of Oman. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 439 p. Pàg. 305.
  59. ↑ All fishes of Oman - FishBase (anglès)
  60. ↑ Kailola, P. J., 1987. The fishes of Papua New Guinea: a revised and annotated checklist. Vol. II Scorpaenidae to Callionymidae. Research Bulletin Núm. 41, Research Section, Dept. of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Papua Nova Guinea. Pàg. 384.
  61. ↑ Allen, G. R., 1998. Reef fishes of Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. A: T. Werner i G. Allen (eds). A rapid biodiversity assessment of the coral reefs of Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. RAP Working Papers 11, Conservation International, Washington DC. Pàg. 26.
  62. ↑ Werner, T. B. i G. R. Allen, 2000. A rapid marine biodiversity assessment of the Calamianes Islands, Palawan province, Philippines. RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment 17. Washington DC, Estats Units: Conservation International. Pàg. 115.
  63. ↑ Broad, G., 2003. Fishes of the Philippines. Anvil Publishing, Inc., Passi City, Filipines. 510 pp.
  64. ↑ Dantis, A. L. i P. M. Aliño (comps.), 2002. Checklist of Philippine reef fishes. P. 208-226. A: Aliño, P. M.,E. F. B.Miclat, C. L.Nañola Jr., H. A.Roa-Quiaoit i R. T.Campos(eds.). Atlas of Philippine coral reefs. Philippine Coral Reef Information (Philreefs). Goodwill Trading Co., Inc.(Goodwill Bookstore), Quezon, Filipines. xvi + 264 p. Pàg. 219.
  65. ↑ Herre, A. W. C. T., 1953. Check list of Philippine fishes. Res. Rep. U.S. Fish Wild. Serv., (20): 977 p. Pàg. 783.
  66. ↑ McManus, J. W., C. L. Nañola Jr., R.B. Reyes Jr. i K. N. Kesner, 1992. Resource ecology of the Bolinao coral reef system. ICLARM Stud. Rev. 22:117 p. Pàg. 88.
  67. ↑ Murdy, E. O., C. J. Ferraris Jr., D. I. Hoese i R. C. Steene, 1981. Preliminary list of fishes from Sombrero Island, Philippines, with fifteen new records. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 94(4):1163-1173. Pàg. 1169.
  68. ↑ All fishes of Philippines - FishBase (anglès)
  69. ↑ Letourneur, Y., P. Chabanet, P. Durville, M. Taquet, E. Teissier, M. Parmentier, J.-C. Quéro i K. Pothin, An updated checklist of the marine fish fauna of Reunion Island, south-western Indian Ocean. Cybium 2004.28(3):199-216
  70. ↑ Fricke, R., T. Mulochau, P. Durville, P. Chabanet, E. Tessier i Y. Letourneur, 2009. Annotated checklist of the fish species (Pisces) of La Réunion, including a Red List of threatened and declining species. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie. V. 2: 1-168
  71. ↑ All fishes of Réunion - FishBase (anglès)
  72. ↑ All fishes of Samoa - FishBase (anglès)
  73. ↑ All fishes of Somalia - FishBase (anglès)
  74. ↑ Heemstra, P. C., 1986. Mugiloididae. P. 739-741. A: M.M. Smith i P.C. Heemstra (eds.). Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlín
  75. ↑ All fishes of Sudan - FishBase (anglès)
  76. ↑ Shen, S.C. (ed.), 1993. Fishes of Taiwan. Department of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei. 960 p. Pàg. 488.
  77. ↑ Chang, K.-H., R.-Q. Jan i K.-T. Shao, 1983. Community ecology of the marine fishes on Lutao Island, Taiwan. Bull. Inst. Zool. Academia Sinica 22(2):141-155. Pàg. 148.
  78. ↑ Chen, C.-H., 2004. Checklist of the fishes of Penghu. FRI Special Publication. Núm. 4. 175 p. Pàg. 124.
  79. ↑ Chen, J.-P., K.-T. Shao i C.-P. Lin, 1995. A checklist of reef fishes from the Tungsha Tao (Pratas Islands), South China Sea. Acta Zoologica Taiwanica 6(2):13-40. Pàg. 27.
  80. ↑ Shao, K.-T. i L.-S. Chen, 1990. Exotic Marine Fishes (II). Encylopedia of Field Guide in Taiwan, vol. 18. Pàg. 86.
  81. ↑ Shao, K. T., H. C. Ho, P. L. Lin, P. F. Lee, M. Y. Lee, C. Y. Tsai, Y. C. Liao, Y. C. Lin, J. P. Chen & H. M. Yeh, A checklist of the fishes of southern Taiwan, northern South China Sea. Raffl. Bull. Zool. 2008.Supplement No. 19: 233–271. []
  82. ↑ All fishes of Taiwan (anglès)
  83. ↑ Garpe, K. C. i M. C. Öhman, 2003. Coral and fish distribution patterns in Mafia Island Marine Park, Tanzania: fish-habitat interactions. Hydrobiologia 498:191-211. Pàg. 211.
  84. ↑ Monkolprasit, S., S. Sontirat, S. Vimollohakarn i T. Songsirikul, 1997. Checklist of Fishes in Thailand. Office of Environmental Policy and Planning, Bangkok, Tailàndia. 353 p. Pàg. 216.
  85. ↑ All fishes of Tonga - FishBase (anglès)
  86. ↑ Nguyen, N. T. i V. Q. Nguyen, 2006. Biodiversity and living resources of the coral reef fishes in Vietnam marine waters. Science and Technology Publishing House, Hanoi. Pàg. 68.
  87. ↑ Zajonz, U., M. Khalaf i F. Krupp, 2000. Coastal fish assemblages of the Socotra Archipelago. P.127-170. A: Conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity of Socotra Archipelago: marine habitat, biodiversity and fisheries surveys and management. Progress Report of Phase III. Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt. Pàg. 156.
  88. ↑ Goren, M. i M. Dor, 1994. An updated checklist of the fishes of the Red Sea. CLOFRES II. The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem. i-xii + 1-120, 2 maps.
  89. ↑ Dor, M., 1984. Checklist of the fishes of the Red Sea. CLOFRES. Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem. Checklist of the fishes of the Red Sea. CLOFRES: i-xxii, map + 1-437.
  90. ↑ Chen, J.-P., R.-Q. Jan i K.-T. Shao, 1997. Checklist of reef fishes from Taiping Island (Itu Aba Island), Spratly Islands, South China Sea. Pac. Sci. 51(2):143-166
  91. ↑ De Bruin, G. H. P., B. C. Russell i A. Bogusch, 1995. FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. The marine fishery resources of Sri Lanka. Roma, FAO. 400 p.
  92. ↑ Department of Fisheries Malaysia, 2009. Valid local name of Malaysian marine fishes. Department of Fisheries Malaysia. Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry. 180 p.
  93. ↑ Heemstra, P. C., 1984. Mugiloididae. A: W. Fischer i G. Bianchi (eds.). FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing area 51). Vol. 3, FAO, Roma.
  94. ↑ Randall, J.E. i K. K. P. Lim (eds.), A checklist of the fishes of the mar de la South China Sea. Raffles Bull. Zool. Suppl. 2000. (8):569-667. Pàg. 631
  95. ↑ Randall, J. E., 1973. Tahitian fish names and a preliminary checklist of the fishes of the Society Islands. Occas. Pap. B. P. Bishop Mus. 24(11):167-214. Pàg. 199.
  96. ↑ Wantiez, L. i C. Chauvet, 2003. First data on community structure and trophic networks of Uvea coral reef fish assemblages (Wallis and Futuna, South Pacific ocean). Cybium 27(2):83-100. Pàg. 99.
  97. ↑ Manilo, L. G. i S. V. Bogorodsky, 2003. Taxonomic composition, diversity and distribution of coastal fishes of the Arabian Sea. Journal of Ichthyology, v. 43 (suppl. 1): S75-S149
  98. ↑ Allen, G. R. i M. V. Erdmann, 2012. Reef fishes of the East Indies. Vols. I-III. Tropical Reef Research, Perth, Austràlia.
  99. ↑ Göthel H., 1998. Guide de la faune sous-marine. Mer Rouge - Ocean Indien. Les Poissons. Ed. Ulmer. 336 p.
  100. ↑ GBIF (anglès)
  101. ↑ FishBase (anglès)
  102. ↑ Sea Around Us (anglès)

Bibliografia

  • Anònim, 1997. Registres de peixos dins de la base de dades de la Secció de Vertebrats del Museu Reial de l'Àfrica Central. MRAC, Tervuren, Bèlgica.
  • Anònim, 1998. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del Bernice P. Bishop Museum (BPBM). Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice Street, Honolulu, Hawaii, Estats Units.
  • Anònim, 1999. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del Museu d'Història Natural de Londres. Londres, Gran Bretanya.
  • Anònim, 2000. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, Sud-àfrica. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, Sud-àfrica.
  • Anònim, 2000. Col·lecció ictiològica del Museu Zoològic d'Hamburg (Zoologisches Museum Hamburg). Divisió d'Ictiologia i Herpetologia. Museu Zoològic d'Hamburg (ZMH).
  • Anònim, 2001. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution - Division of Fishes.
  • Anònim, 2001. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del Museu de Zoologia de la Universitat de Copenhaguen. Museu Zoològic de la Universitat de Copenhaguen.
  • Anònim, 2002. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West, NY 10024-5192, Estats Units.
  • Anònim, 2003. Col·lecció de peixos del Museu Reial d'Ontàrio. Museu Reial d'Ontàrio
  • Cantwell, G. E., 1964. A revision of the genus Parapercis, family Mugiloididae. Pacific Science, v. 18: 239-280.
  • Sano M., 1993. Foraging activities and diets of males and females in a haremic sandperch (Pisces: Pinguipedidae), Marine Ecology Progress Series, 98, 55-59.
  • Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao i C.F. Lai (eds.), 1999. Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan.

Enllaços externs

src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Parapercis hexophtalma Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
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Parapercis hexophtalma: Brief Summary ( Katalanca; Valensiyaca )

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Parapercis hexophtalma és una espècie de peix de la família dels pingüipèdids i de l'ordre dels perciformes. Imamura i Yoshino suggereixen l'existència de tres espècies diferents englobades sota el nom de P. hexophtalma, mentre que Randall les considera com a subespècies a l'espera de les anàlisis genètiques pertinents. El seu nom específic, hexophtalma, prové del grec hex (sis) i ophtalmos (ull) i fa referència als sis ocels negres envoltats de groc que els mascles tenen als flancs (tres a cada costat).

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Parapercis hexophtalma ( İngilizce )

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Parapercis hexophtalma, the speckled sandperch, is a species of marine bony fish in the family Pinguipedidae, found in the western Indo-Pacific Ocean. It was first described by the French naturalist Georges Cuvier in 1829. There are several synonyms, some of which represent misspellings of the original name,[1] and others which were given to female fish, at the time thought to be a separate species.[2]

Description

Parapercis hexophtalma

The speckled sandperch grows to a length of around 28 cm (11 in) and is about five times as long as the body is deep. The anterior (front) end of the body is cylindrical and the posterior end is somewhat flattened. The eyes are rather close together on the top of the head and the fish rests on the seabed, propping itself up with its widely separated pelvic fins. The dorsal fin has five spines and 21 or 22 soft rays, and the anal fin has a single spine and 17 or 18 soft rays.[3]

The dorsal surface of the fish is greenish dappled with dark brown, the flanks are pale grey and the underparts white. There is a lateral row of large white spots each with one or more small black spots in the middle. On the underparts there are further black spots, mostly edged with yellow. Females have brown spots on the head and males have diagonal yellowish-brown markings on the cheek. The dorsal fin has a black spot at the base of the spines and the caudal fin, which is rounded or has a short extension from the upper lobe, has a larger black spot. There are several rows of small black spots on the soft rays of the dorsal fin and one row on the anal fin.[3]

Distribution

The speckled sandperch is found in shallow waters on the east coast of Africa as far south as Natal, the Red Sea and the western Indo-Pacific. Its range extends as far east as Sumatra, and includes the Maldives, the Laccadives and Sri Lanka. The type location is the Red Sea.[2] Although its range was originally thought to extend as far east as Fiji, three new species of Parapercis were recognised in 2007 based on their number of fin rays, their colouration and markings, and the location and number of spots on their anal fins; Parapercis pacifica occurs from southern Japan to the Timor Sea, Parapercis queenslandica from northern Australia, and Parapercis xanthogramma from Fiji, Tonga and Western Samoa.[2] The speckled sandperch generally occurs on sandy or rubble substrates in areas sheltered by reefs.[3]

Biology

The speckled sandperch is a predator and feeds on small crustaceans and other invertebrates, also taking small fish.[4]

Several members of the family Pinguipedidae are protogynous hermaphrodites, starting their adult life as females and changing sex to males later,[3] and this is the case with the speckled sandperch. Not only do the fish change sex, but they also change their markings at the same time.[4] The sexual inversion occurs at a length of about 18 cm (7 in). Male fish are territorial and defend a harem of females. The eggs are planktonic and larval development takes place during one to two months.[4]

References

  1. ^ a b c Bailly, Nicolas (2014). "Parapercis hexophtalma (Cuvier, 1829)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2015-03-02.
  2. ^ a b c Imamura, Hisashi; Yoshino, Tetsuo (2007). "Three New Species of the Genus Parapercis from the Western Pacific, with Redescription of Parapercis hexophtalma (Perciformes: Pinguipedidae)". Bulletin of the National Museum of Natural Science, Series A, Supplement 1: 81–100.
  3. ^ a b c d Randall, John E. (1995). Coastal Fishes of Oman. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 304–305. ISBN 978-0-8248-1808-1.
  4. ^ a b c Desvignes, Thomas; Baus, Frédéric; Barrabes, Michel; Sohier, Sandra. "Parapercis hexophtalma (Cuvier, 1829)" (in French). DORIS. Retrieved 2015-03-03.

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Parapercis hexophtalma: Brief Summary ( İngilizce )

wikipedia EN tarafından sağlandı

Parapercis hexophtalma, the speckled sandperch, is a species of marine bony fish in the family Pinguipedidae, found in the western Indo-Pacific Ocean. It was first described by the French naturalist Georges Cuvier in 1829. There are several synonyms, some of which represent misspellings of the original name, and others which were given to female fish, at the time thought to be a separate species.

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Parapercis hexophtalma ( Baskça )

wikipedia EU tarafından sağlandı

Parapercis hexophtalma Parapercis generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Pinguipedidae familian sailkatzen da.

Banaketa

Espezie hau Agulhasko itsaslasterran aurki daiteke.

Erreferentziak

  1. ↑ Froese, Rainer & Pauly, Daniel ed. (2006), Parapercis hexophtalma FishBase webgunean. 2006ko apirilaren bertsioa.

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Parapercis hexophtalma: Brief Summary ( Baskça )

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Parapercis hexophtalma Parapercis generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Pinguipedidae familian sailkatzen da.

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Parapercis hexophtalma ( Fransızca )

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La Pintade de mer[1] ou Perche de sable à tache noire[2] (Parapercis hexophtalma) est une espèce de poissons osseux de la famille des Pinguipédidés.

Description

src=
Parapercis hexophtalma au large de Charm el-Cheikh, Égypte. Mars 2022.

La pintade de mer s'identifie facilement par une grosse tache noire au centre de la nageoire caudale.

Répartition

Océan Indien

Nom vernaculaires

La description initiale de Cuvier nomme cette espèce percis à six ocelles. Depuis on lui a donné plusieurs autres noms : pintade de mer, pinge pintade, perche de sable à tache noire, parapercis ocellé, perche moucheté.

Dimorphisme sexuel

Les livrées des mâles et des femelles diffèrent au niveau de la tête :

  • src=

    Femelle

  • src=

    Mâle

Notes et références

  1. ↑ DORIS, consulté le 12 févr. 2011
  2. ↑ Helmut Debelius, Rudie H. Kuiter (trad. de l'anglais), Atlas mondial des poissons marins : 4200 espèces, plus de 6000 photographies, Paris, Ulmer, 2007, 728 p. [détail des éditions] (ISBN 978-2-84138-296-5 et 2-84138-296-6), p. 641

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Parapercis hexophtalma: Brief Summary ( Fransızca )

wikipedia FR tarafından sağlandı

La Pintade de mer ou Perche de sable à tache noire (Parapercis hexophtalma) est une espèce de poissons osseux de la famille des Pinguipédidés.

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Parapercis hexophtalma ( Felemenkçe; Flemish )

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Vissen

Parapercis hexophtalma is een straalvinnige vissensoort uit de familie van krokodilvissen (Pinguipedidae).[1] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1829 door Cuvier.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  1. ↑ (en) Parapercis hexophtalma. FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. 10 2011 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2011.
Geplaatst op:
22-10-2011
Dit artikel is een beginnetje over biologie. U wordt uitgenodigd om op bewerken te klikken om uw kennis aan dit artikel toe te voegen. Beginnetje
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多斑擬鱸 ( Çince )

wikipedia 中文维基百科 tarafından sağlandı
二名法 Parapercis hexophtalma
Cuvier, 1829

多斑擬鱸，又稱多斑虎鱚，俗名海狗甘仔、舉目魚、沙鱸，為輻鰭魚綱鱸形目鱷鱚亞目虎鱚科的其中一種。

分布

本魚分布於印度洋－西太平洋區，包括南非、東非、紅海、葉門、留尼旺、馬爾地夫、泰國、印度、可可群島、中國、日本、韓國、台灣、越南、菲律賓、印尼、巴布亞紐幾內亞、澳洲、東加、庫克群島、薩摩亞群島、馬紹爾群島、新喀里多尼亞、斐濟等海域。

深度

水深2至22公尺。

特徵

本魚體近圓柱形，腭骨無齒，下頷外列齒8枚，背鰭中央一鰭最長且最後一棘之末端與第一軟條鰭膜相連，頰部有4至8條暗色斜淺紋，體側下方有3至5個黑色白邊的圓斑，尾鰭中央有一黑色輪紋，臀鰭有一列黑點，背鰭硬棘5枚；背鰭軟條21至22枚；臀鰭硬棘1枚；臀鰭軟條17至18枚，體長可達29公分。

生態

本魚棲息在岩岸較淺水域之岩礁或珊瑚礁海域，屬肉食性，以小型浮游動物為食。

經濟利用

可食用，適合油炸，但多以下雜魚處理。

参考文献

扩展阅读

src= 維基物種中有關多斑擬鱸的數據

src= 维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：多斑擬鱸 小作品圖示这是一篇關於魚類的小作品。你可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。
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多斑擬鱸: Brief Summary ( Çince )

wikipedia 中文维基百科 tarafından sağlandı

多斑擬鱸，又稱多斑虎鱚，俗名海狗甘仔、舉目魚、沙鱸，為輻鰭魚綱鱸形目鱷鱚亞目虎鱚科的其中一種。

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Description ( İngilizce )

World Register of Marine Species tarafından sağlandı
Found over sandy areas, near rock reefs and corals (Ref. 5213); also over rubble around protected reefs (Ref. 2334).

Referans

Froese, R. & D. Pauly (Editors). (2023). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. version (02/2023).

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