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Diagnostic Description ( İngilizce )

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This species is characterized by the following: 14-15 (usually 14) pectoral rays; 5-7 (usually 6) median predorsal scales; 3 rows of scales on cheek, the lower one with 3-7 scales; nodular outer surface of dental plates (vs. smooth on Chlorurus, Hipposcarus and Scarus); conical teeth absent on side of dental plates; lips largely covering dental plates; long snout 1.8-2.2 in HL; juveniles with rounded caudal fin, emarginate in adults. Initial phase with head purplish to reddish brown, finely spotted with black ventrally; body with a broad, pale yellowish zone dorsally, bluish gray below; scales rimmed and spotted with black; median fins brownish red and caudal with a whitish crescent posteriorly. Terminal males green, scales rimmed with pink, head and anterior body with numerous small pink spots except below an orange line from corner of the mouth to pectoral base and across upper abdomen, where solid green with broad, pink, longitudinal ventral band; juveniles white with a broad, dark-edged orange bar covering head except snout and chin, a large, orange-rimmed black spot anteriorly in dorsal fin, and a broad, submarginal orange band in caudal fin (Ref. 54980).
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Life Cycle ( İngilizce )

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Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).
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Biology ( İngilizce )

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Inhabits seaward reefs and clear lagoons (Ref. 1602), at depths of 1-30 m. Occurs in groups of females with one male (Ref. 90102) form harems; while juveniles are usually solitary (Ref. 9710). Males are territorial. Goes to several changes during growth and very large females change sex to the brightly colored male. Small juveniles usually in dense coral and algae habitats (Ref. 48636). Feeds on benthic algae (Ref. 89972).
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Cetoscarus ocellatus ( Almanca )

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Cetoscarus ocellatus ist eine Art der Papageifische (Scarinae) in der Familie der Lippfische (Labridae).

Merkmale

Cetoscarus ocellatus erreicht eine Standardlänge von bis zu 80 Zentimeter. In der Initialphase ist der Kopf violett bis rötlich braun gefärbt, an der Bauchseite mit feinen schwarzen Flecken. Zum Rücken hin ist der Körper breit blass gelblich, darunter bläulich grau gefärbt. Die Schuppen sind schwarz umrandet und gefleckt. Die unpaarigen Flossen sind bräunlich rot, die Schwanzflosse (Caudale) mit einem weißlichen, halbmondförmigen hinteren Rand. In der Terminalphase sind die Männchen grün mit rosa umrandeten Schuppen. Bis zu einer orangefarbenen Linie die vom Mundwinkel über den Oberbauch bis zur Brustbasis verläuft, sind Kopf und Vorderkörper mit zahlreichen kleinen rosa Flecken gezeichnet. Unterhalb der Linie ist die Färbung einheitlich grün mit einem breiten, rosafarbenen Längsband unterseits. Jungtiere haben am Kopf, mit Ausnahme von Schnauze und Kinn, ein breites, orangefarbenes Band mit dunklen Rändern. An der Rückenflosse befindet sich ein vorne ein orange umrandeter, dunkler Fleck und an der Schwanzflosse ein submarginales orangenes Band. Bei juvenilen Tieren ist die Schwanzflosse rundlich, bei adulten Tieren ist sie gegabelt.[1]

Die Brustflossen haben 14 bis 15 (gewöhnlich 14) Flossenstrahlen. Die Anzahl Prädorsalschuppen beträgt 5 bis 7 (gewöhnlich 6). Auf den Wangen verlaufen 3 Schuppenreihen, die untere mit 3 bis 7 Schuppen. Die Oberfläche der Außenseiten der miteinander verschmolzen Zähne sind nicht glatt, sondern kugelig, konische Zähne an den Seiten der Dentalplatten fehlen. Die Zahnschilde werden großteils von den Lippen bedeckt. Die Schnauze ist lang.[1]

Verbreitung

Cetoscarus ocellatus ist im Indopazifik weit verbreitet. Das Verbreitungsgebiet reicht von Somalia bis Südafrika, erstreckt sich von dort ostwärts bis zum Tuamotu-Archipel einschließlich des östlichen Australiens und des Middleton Reefs, nach Norden bis zum südlichen Japan und südwärts bis zum westlichen Australien.[2]

Lebensraum und Lebensweise

Cetoscarus ocellatus bewohnt die seewärts gelegenen Seiten von Riffen und Lagunen. Die Nahrung besteht aus benthischen Algen.[1]

Einzelnachweise

  1. a b c Cetoscarus ocellatus auf Fishbase.org (englisch)
  2. Cetoscarus ocellatus in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN 2017-1. Eingestellt von: J. H. Choat et al., 2009. Abgerufen am 1. Juli 2017.
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Cetoscarus ocellatus: Brief Summary ( Almanca )

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Cetoscarus ocellatus ist eine Art der Papageifische (Scarinae) in der Familie der Lippfische (Labridae).

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Cetoscarus ocellatus ( İngilizce )

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Cetoscarus ocellatus, common name Spotted parrotfish, is a species of parrotfish belonging to the family Scaridae.

Taxonomy

This species was formerly considered to be the same species as Cetoscarus bicolor, which is otherwise restricted to the Red Sea; however, there are major morphological and molecular differences between the two species, so the IUCN Red List has recognized them as separate species since 2010. This species is sometimes known as the bicolour parrotfish, but this name also is applied to C. bicolor. C. ocellatus currently encompasses the Pacific and Indian Ocean populations and these are presently considered to be conspecific. However, molecular studies indicate that the Indian Ocean population is probably specifically distinct from the Pacific population, if this is the case then the Indian Ocean species would be Cetoscarus nigropinnis.[1]

Etymology

The species name ocellatus refers to the dark ocellus on the dorsal fin of juveniles.[3]

Distribution

Cetoscarus ocellatus is widespread in the coastal waters of Indian and Pacific Oceans.[2] These fishes are found along the southern east coast of Africa, from Somalia to South Africa, in Australia and in Southeast Asia (The Coral Triangle region) and north to southern Japan.[2][4]

Habitat

These fishes ares associated with coral reefs, and can be found at depths between 1 and 40 m (3.3 and 131.2 ft).[3] [2] They vary in habitat. Some prefer coral reefs, while some prefer seagrass beds, algal beds, mangroves and rocky reefs.[4]

Description

Cetoscarus ocellatus can reach at maturity a body length of about 30–80 cm (12–31 in).[2] This species has a long snout and shows 14-15 pectoral rays;, 5-7 median predorsal scales and 3 rows of scales on cheek. The color of the Cetoscarus ocellatus varies between genders as well as between adults and juveniles.

Juveniles are usually white with a thick orange band that surrounds the head, except snout and chin. They have a black circular spot on their dorsal fin and a thick orange band on their rounded tail.[2][3]

Females of the initial phase have a dark purple to reddish brown head, finely spotted with black ventrally. Body shows dorsally a broad, pale yellowish zonewhile below it is bluish gray. Scales are rimmed and spotted with black. Median fins are brownish red and caudal with a whitish crescent posteriorly.[2]

The brightly-coloured terminal males are green, scales are rimmed with pink, head and anterior body show numerous small pink spots. An orange line is running from mouth to anal fin.[2]

Biology

Cetoscarus ocellatus is a hermaphroditic member of the Parrotfish family. It is found largely within the Coral Triangle region, although it has been found to inhabit sea grass and algal beds as well as mangroves. As these Parrot Fishes are hermaphrodites, they start out as females (the 'initial phase') and eventually can become males. They travel in large schools that are led by one dominant male followed by females. If for some reason this male were to leave or get separated, one of the dominant females of the group will take charge and change its gender and color.[3] Parrotfish are important to the dynamic of coral reefs and are being threatened by overfishing, and destruction of habitat due to climate change.

Threats

In the Coral Triangle Region fish are being threatened by overfishing, destruction of habitat and destructive fishing practices. Due to climate change, their habitats are being destroyed. This is detrimental due to the fact that parrot fish are important to the dynamic of coral reefs.[4]

The family of parrot fishes is extremely big with about 80 different species. Due to the impact that humans are having on their habitat a study was conducted on genetic diversity to see which type of parrot fish had the highest genetic diversity (the one with the highest genetic variation is the one that will most likely survive drastic changes in the environment). In this article we were able to find out that Cetoscarus ocellatus had one of the lowest values of genetic diversity. This means that with climate change happening and the destruction of their habitat the bicolour parrotfish is less likely to adapt and more likely to die.[5]

As this fishes are kept in aquariums, they are also more likely to get infected with parasites due to the water in the tanks. A study conducted in Vietnam to test certain fish for the parasite Cryptocaryon irritans. They tested 14 fish and 8 caught the parasite, meaning 57.14% of them are likely to catch this parasite. They were able to see that spring had the highest prevalence followed by winter and the summer (with only 20%). This information is important for aquariums to keep in mind, so they are able to treat their waters a certain manner before the parasite can get to the fish.[6]

Corallivory

Corallivory refers to animals that eat coral polyps. All parrot fishes feed on coral, but the corallivory within the parrot fishes may depend on the local environment and the species of coral present. An experiment by Bellwood and Choat in 1990 showed that Cetoscarus ocellatus take 10% fewer bites of live coral in the Great Barrier reef compared to other parrot fishes.[7]

References

Wikispecies has information related to Cetoscarus ocellatus.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cetoscarus ocellatus.
  1. ^ a b Choat, J.H.; Pardede, S.; Clements, K.D.; Rocha, L.A.; Russell, B.; Myers, R.; Lazuardi, M.E.; Muljadi, A.; Rahardjo, P. (2012). "Cetoscarus ocellatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012: e.T190691A17792863. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T190691A17792863.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2019). "Cetoscarus ocelatus" in FishBase. August 2019 version.
  3. ^ a b c d Fishes of Australia
  4. ^ a b c "Cetoscarus ocellatus: Choat, J.H., Pardede, S., Clements, K.D., Rocha, L.A., Russell, B., Myers, R., Lazuardi, M.E., Muljadi, A. & Rahardjo, P.". 2009-09-17. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2012.rlts.t190691a17792863.en. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  5. ^ "Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Spiraea prunifolia for. simpliciflora by Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats". Journal of Life Science. 19 (9): 1183–1189. 2009-09-30. doi:10.5352/jls.2009.19.9.1183. ISSN 1225-9918.
  6. ^ Van, K V; Nhinh, D T (April 2018). "The Prevalence of Cryptocaryon irritans in wild marine ornamental fish from Vietnam". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 137 (1): 012094. Bibcode:2018E&ES..137a2094V. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/137/1/012094. ISSN 1755-1307.
  7. ^ Munn, R. W. (November 1994). "Molecular Electronics and Molecular Electronic Devices. Kristof Sienicki (ed.). Volume 1, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1993, ISBN 0-8493-8061-9, 249 pp., £70.00 hardback. Volume 2, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1993, ISBN 0-8493-8062-6, 274 pp., £113.50 hardback. Volume 3, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1994, ISBN 0-8493-8063-4, 260 pp., £82.00 hardback". Advanced Materials for Optics and Electronics. 4 (6): 431–432. doi:10.1002/amo.860040608. ISSN 1057-9257.

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Cetoscarus ocellatus: Brief Summary ( İngilizce )

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Cetoscarus ocellatus, common name Spotted parrotfish, is a species of parrotfish belonging to the family Scaridae.

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Cetoscarus ocellatus ( Baskça )

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Cetoscarus ocellatus Cetoscarus generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Scaridae familian sailkatzen da.

Banaketa

Erreferentziak

  1. Froese, Rainer & Pauly, Daniel ed. (2006), Cetoscarus ocellatus FishBase webgunean. 2006ko apirilaren bertsioa.

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Cetoscarus ocellatus: Brief Summary ( Baskça )

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Cetoscarus ocellatus Cetoscarus generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Scaridae familian sailkatzen da.

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Cetoscarus ocellatus ( Fransızca )

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Poisson-perroquet bicolore, Poisson-perroquet à points rouges

Cetoscarus ocellatus, communément nommé Poisson-perroquet bicolore ou Poisson-perroquet à points rouges, est une espèce de poissons marins de la famille des Scaridae.

Description et caractéristiques

Cetoscarus ocellatus, aussi appelé couramment poisson perroquet bicolore ou poisson perroquet à points rouges, est un gros poisson perroquet, mesurant jusqu'à 90 cm de long.

Il se caractérise par :

  • une forme allongée ;
  • un museau arrondi (le bec n'est pas apparent, comme dans le genre Hipposcarus) ;
  • un œil orange ;
  • la femelle a les écailles de couleur gris foncé et a une large bande jaune sur la dorsale ;
  • le mâle a les écailles de couleur bleu vert avec des petites taches et des petits traits roses sur la tête.

Les perroquets bicolores mâles, femelles et juvéniles ont des couleurs complètement différentes mais restent bicolores. Bleu-vert et rose pour le mâle, vert-noir avec une bande jaune sur le dos pour la femelle, le corps blanc avec une bande verticale orange pour le juvénile. Seul point commun, ils ont l’œil orange. On le distingue du proche Cetoscarus bicolor par, entre autres, le menton bleu au lieu de blanc.

La maturité sexuelle est atteinte à partir de 30 cm[4].

Habitat et répartition

Le Poisson-perroquet bicolore est rencontré dans tout l'indo-pacifique tropical corallien. Il a longtemps été confondu avec le très similaire Cetoscarus bicolor, désormais considéré comme endémique de la Mer Rouge[5].

Publication originale

Références taxinomiques

Références

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Cetoscarus ocellatus: Brief Summary ( Fransızca )

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Poisson-perroquet bicolore, Poisson-perroquet à points rouges

Cetoscarus ocellatus, communément nommé Poisson-perroquet bicolore ou Poisson-perroquet à points rouges, est une espèce de poissons marins de la famille des Scaridae.

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Cetoscarus ocellatus ( Felemenkçe; Flemish )

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Vissen

Cetoscarus ocellatus is een straalvinnige vissensoort uit de familie van de papegaaivissen (Scaridae).[1] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1840 door Valenciennes.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  1. (en) Cetoscarus ocellatus. FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. 02 2013 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2013.
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斑點鯨鸚嘴魚 ( Çince )

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二名法 Cetoscarus ocellatus
Valenciennes, 1840

斑點鯨鸚嘴魚,為輻鰭魚綱鱸形目隆頭魚亞目鸚哥魚科的其中一,分布於印度太平洋區,包括澳洲馬達加斯加吐瓦魯東加新喀里多尼亞法屬玻里尼西亞等海域,體長可達80公分,棲息在珊瑚礁海域。

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斑點鯨鸚嘴魚: Brief Summary ( Çince )

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斑點鯨鸚嘴魚,為輻鰭魚綱鱸形目隆頭魚亞目鸚哥魚科的其中一,分布於印度太平洋區,包括澳洲馬達加斯加吐瓦魯東加新喀里多尼亞法屬玻里尼西亞等海域,體長可達80公分,棲息在珊瑚礁海域。

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