dcsimg

Trophic Strategy ( İngilizce )

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Found from estuaries to edge of continental shelves over sand and sandy shell seabed (Ref. 9258). Reported to be often found in rivers (Ref. 4316). Juveniles may occur in bays (Ref. 33616). Dorsal spine reported to be venomous (Ref. 9771).
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Morphology ( İngilizce )

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Dorsal spines (total): 9 - 10; Dorsal soft rays (total): 15 - 16; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 14 - 16; Vertebrae: 33 - 35
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Diagnostic Description ( İngilizce )

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Olive or brownish in color, becomes red when stressed; lower half of the inner part of pectoral fin with large black blotch surrounded by numerous pale spots (Ref. 9771).
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Biology ( İngilizce )

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Found from estuaries to edge of continental shelves over sand and sandy shell seabed (Ref. 9258). Reported to be often found in rivers (Ref. 4316). Juveniles may occur in bays (Ref. 33616). Benthic (Ref. 58302). Dorsal spine reported to be venomous (Ref. 9771). Neither anterolateral glandular grooves nor venom gland is present (Ref. 57406). Current information in the table (dangerous fish) do not match; needs verification. Excellent food fish (Ref. 9771). Utilized fresh and frozen; eaten pan-fried, broiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).
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Importance ( İngilizce )

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fisheries: commercial
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分布 ( İngilizce )

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分布於印度-西太平洋區,包括莫三比克的 Delagoa 灣到南非開普省、澳洲、紐西蘭、日本、韓國、香港及臺灣。臺灣分布於北部、東北部及西部海域等。
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利用 ( İngilizce )

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一般以拖網漁船捕獲較多,是受歡迎之食用魚,火烤、煮湯或煎食皆宜。全年均可捕獲。
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描述 ( İngilizce )

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體延長,稍側扁。頭背面及側面全被骨板。頰部具強稜。吻突較圓短, 其上有小棘。 後頸棘、鰓蓋棘、以及肩胛棘均較眼徑為短。背鰭基底兩側有小棘盾板(Bony plate)22-24個。鱗小、圓鱗;頭部、胸部及腹部前方均無鱗。臀鰭與第二背鰭相對;胸鰭很長,延伸至第二背鰭基底中間部位的下方。背側面紅色,腹部白色,頭部及背側面具藍褐色網狀的斑紋;胸鰭的內側淡藍色,下部有一大形青黑色的斑塊,其周圍有多數灰白色斑點。
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棲地 ( İngilizce )

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主要棲息於河口到大陸棚邊緣的砂泥底水域,有報告說時常被發現於河流中,稚魚可能出現在海灣。
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Blouvin-knorhaan ( Afrikaans )

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Die Blouvin-knorhaan (Chelidonichthys kumu) is 'n vis wat voorkom in die westelike Stille Oseaan, die Indiese Oseaan en aan die kus van suidelike Afrika tussen Kaapstad en Maputo. In Engels staan die vis bekend as die Bluefin gurnard.

Identifikasie

Die vis word tot 60cm lank. Die lyf is bruinerig tot rooi aan die bokant en ligbleek aan die onderkant. Die pektorale vinne is kleurvol; dit is donker blougroen met 'n blou rant. Daar is ook 'n swartkol en blou-wit kolletjies op die basis van die pektorale vin. Die visse leef in rotsagtige kusareas en aflandige riwwe in water wat 1 tot 200m diep is. Die vis is 'n alleenloper en lê en wag op die bodem om skaaldiere te vang.

Sien ook

Bron

  • The Reef Guide: Fishes, corals, nudibranchs & other invertebrates: East & South Coasts of Southern Africa. Dennis King & Valda Fraser. Struik Nature. 2014 ISBN 978-1-77584-018-3

Eksterne skakels

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Blouvin-knorhaan: Brief Summary ( Afrikaans )

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Die Blouvin-knorhaan (Chelidonichthys kumu) is 'n vis wat voorkom in die westelike Stille Oseaan, die Indiese Oseaan en aan die kus van suidelike Afrika tussen Kaapstad en Maputo. In Engels staan die vis bekend as die Bluefin gurnard.

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Chelidonichthys kumu ( Katalanca; Valensiyaca )

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Chelidonichthys kumu és una espècie de peix pertanyent a la família dels tríglids.

Descripció

  • Fa 60 cm de llargària màxima (normalment, en fa 40) i 1.500 g de pes.
  • Nombre de vèrtebres: 33-35.
  • És de color oliva o marronós, tot i que esdevé vermell quan es troba estressat.
  • La meitat inferior de la part interior de l'aleta pectoral presenta una gran taca negra envoltada per nombrosos punts blancs.
  • L'espina dorsal és verinosa.[5][6][7][8]

Hàbitat

És un peix marí (encara que també freqüenta rius i estuaris), demersal i de clima subtropical (34°N-43°S) que viu entre 1-200 m de fondària (normalment, entre 75 i 150).[5][9]

Distribució geogràfica

Es troba des de la badia Delagoa (Moçambic) fins al Cap de Bona Esperança (Sud-àfrica). També és present a Austràlia, Nova Zelanda, el Japó, Corea i Hong Kong.[5][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]

Costums

És bentònic.[32]

Longevitat

La seua esperança de vida és de 15 anys.[33][34]

Ús comercial

La seua carn és excel·lent per al consum humà: és venut fresc i congelat, i menjat fregit o rostit al forn i al microones.[35][36]

Observacions

És verinós per als humans.[5][35][37]

Referències

  1. Kaup J. J., 1873. Ueber die Familie Triglidae, nebst einigen Worten über die Classification. Arch. Naturgeschichte v. 39 (núm. 1). 71-93.
  2. uBio (anglès)
  3. Cuvier, G. & Valenciennes, A., 1829. Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome quatrième. Livre quatrième. Des acanthoptérygiens à joue cuirassée. Histoire naturelle des poissons. v. 4: i-xxvi + 2 pp. + 1-518, Pls. 72-99, 97 bis.
  4. Catalogue of Life (anglès)
  5. 5,0 5,1 5,2 5,3 FishBase (anglès)
  6. Armitage, R.O., D.A. Payne, G.J. Lockley, H.M. Currie, R.L. Colban, B.G. Lamb i L.J. Paul (eds.), 1994. Guide book to New Zealand commercial fish species. Edició revisada. New Zealand Fishing Industry Board, Wellington, Nova Zelanda, 216 p.
  7. Frimodt, C., 1995. Multilingual illustrated guide to the world's commercial coldwater fish. Fishing News Books, Osney Mead, Oxford, Anglaterra. 215 p.
  8. Richards, W.J., 1999. Triglidae. Gurnards, sea robins, armored gurnards, and armored sea robins. p. 2359-2363. A: K.E. Carpenter i V.H. Niem (eds.). FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the WCP. Vol. 4. Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). FAO, Roma.
  9. Neira, F.J., A.G. Miskiewicz i T. Trnski, 1998. Larvae of temperate Australian fishes: laboratory guide for larval fish identification. University of Western Australia Press. 474 p.
  10. Morton, B., 1979. The ecology of the Hong Kong seashore. p. 99-123. A: B.S. Morton (ed.). The future of the Hong Kong seashore Oxford University Press, News Building, Nort Point, Hong Kong.
  11. Booth, A.J., 1997. On the life history of the lesser gurnard (Scorpaeniformes: Triglidae) inhabiting the Agulhas Bank, South Africa. J. Fish Biol. 51:1155-1173.
  12. Clearwater, S.J. i N.W. Pankhurst, 1994. Reproductive biology and endocrinology of female red gurnard, Chelidonichthys kumu (Lesson & Garnot) (Family Triglidae), from the Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand. Aust. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 45(2):131-139.
  13. Coleman, N. i M. Mobley, 1984. Diets of commercially exploited fish from Bass Strait and adjacent Victorian waters, southeastern Australia. Aust. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 35(5):549-560.
  14. Elder, R.D., 1976. Studies on age and growth, reproduction and population dynamics of red gurnard (Chelidonichthys kumu, Lesson and Garnot) in the Hauraki Gulf. N.Z. Fish. Res. Bull. (12):1-77.
  15. Fischer, W., I. Sousa, C. Silva, A. de Freitas, J.M. Poutiers, W. Schneider, T.C. Borges, J.P. Feral i A. Massinga, 1990. Fichas FAO de identificaçao de espécies para actividades de pesca. Guia de campo das espécies comerciais marinhas e de águas salobras de Moçambique. Publicaçao preparada em collaboraçao com o Instituto de Investigaçao Pesquiera de Moçambique, com financiamento do Projecto PNUD/FAO MOZ/86/030 e de NORAD. Roma, FAO. 1990. 424 p.
  16. Francis, M.P., 1993. Checklist of the coastal fishes of Lord Howe, Norfolk, and Kermadec Islands, Southwest Pacific Ocean. Pac. Sci. 47(2):136-170.
  17. Gell, F.R. i M.W. Whittington, 2002. Diversity of fishes in seagrass beds in the Quirimba Archipelago, northern Mozambique. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 53:115-121.
  18. Godfriaux, B.L., 1970. Food of predatory demersal fish in Hauraki Gulf. 3: Feeding relationships. N.Z. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 4(4):324-336.
  19. Gomon, M.F., C.J.M. Glover i R.H. Kuiter (eds.), 1994. The fishes of Australia's south coast. State Print, Adelaida. 992 p.
  20. Hoese, D.F., D.J. Bray, J.R. Paxton i G.R. Allen, 2006. Fishes. A Beasley, O.L. i A. Wells (eds.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volum 35. ABRS & CSIRO Publishing: Australia Part 1, pp. xxiv 1-670; Part 2, pp. xxi 671-1472; Part 3, pp. xxi 1473-2178.
  21. Huang, Z., 2001. Marine species and their distribution in China's seas. p. 404- 463. Vertebrata. Smithsonian Institution, Florida, Estats Units. 598 p.
  22. Johnson, J.W., 1999. Annotated checklist of the fishes of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 43(2):709-762.
  23. May, J.L. i J.G.H. Maxwell, 1986. Trawl fish from temperate waters of Australia. CSIRO Division of Fisheries Research, Tasmània. 492 p.
  24. Ni, I.-H. i K.-Y. Kwok, 1999 Marine fish fauna in Hong Kong waters. Zool. Stud. 38(2):130-152.
  25. Paulin, C., A. Stewart, C. Roberts i P. McMillan, 1989. New Zealand fish: a complete guide. National Museum of New Zealand Miscellaneous Series Núm. 19. xiv+279 p.
  26. Richards, W.J., 1984. Triglidae. A: W. Fischer i G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Vol. 5. FAO, Roma. pag. var.
  27. Roberts, C.D., 1991. Fishes of the Chatham Islands, New Zealand: a trawl survey and summary of the ichthyofauna. N.Z. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 25(1):1-19.
  28. Robertson, D.A., 1975. A key to the planktonic eggs of some New Zealand marine teleosts. Fish. Res. Div. Occas. Publ. 9:19.
  29. Sokolovskaya, T.G., A.S. Sokolovskii i E.I. Sobolevskii, 1998. A list of fishes of Peter the Great Bay (the Sea of Japan). J. Ichthyol. 38(1):1-11.
  30. Staples, D., 1972. Growth of the red gurnard (Teleostei, Triglidae) from Pegasus Bay, Canterbury, New Zealand. N.Z. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 6(3):365-374.
  31. Sutton, C.P., 1997. Growth parameters, and estimates of mortality for red gurnard (Chelidonichthys kumu) from off the east and west coasts of the South Island, New Zealand. Draft New Zealand Fisheries Assessment Research Document 07/1. 15 p.
  32. Mundy, B.C., 2005. Checklist of the fishes of the Hawaiian Archipelago. Bishop Museum Bulletins in Zoology. Bishop Mus. Bull. Zool. (6):1-704.
  33. Annala, J.H. (comp.), 1994. Report from the Fishery Assessment Plenary, May 1994: stock assessments and yield estimates. MAF Fisheries Greta Point library, Wellington, Nova Zelanda. 242 p.
  34. Yunokawa, Y., 1951. On the age and growth of Chelidonichthys kumu (Lesson and Garnot). Rec. Ocean. Works Japan, (Spec. 5):111-116.
  35. 35,0 35,1 Richards, W.J., 1999.
  36. Frimodt, C., 1995.
  37. Smith, W.L. i W.C. Wheeler, 2006. Venom evolution widespread in fishes: a phylogenetic rode map for the bioprospecting of piscine venoms. J. Hered. 97(3):206-217.


Bibliografia

  • Anònim, 2000. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, Sud-àfrica. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, Sud-àfrica.
  • Anònim, 2001. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution - Division of Fishes.
  • Anònim, 2002. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West, NY 10024-5192, Estats Units.
  • Beentjes, P., B. Bull, R.J. Hurst i N.W. Bagley, 2002. Demersal fish assemblages along the continental shelf and upper slope of the east coast of the South Island, New Zealand. N.Z. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 36:197-223.
  • Breder, C.M. i D.E. Rosen, 1966. Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, Nova Jersey, Estats Units. 941 p.
  • Pauly, D., 1978. A preliminary compilation of fish length growth parameters. Ber. Inst. Meereskd. Christian-Albrechts-Univ. Kiel (55):1-200.
  • Pauly, D. i R.S.V. Pullin, 1988. Hatching time in spherical, pelagic, marine fish eggs in response to temperature and egg size. Environ. Biol. Fish. 22(4):261-271.
  • Sanches, J.G., 1989. Nomenclatura Portuguesa de organismos aquáticos (proposta para normalizaçao estatística). Publicaçoes avulsas do I.N.I.P. Núm. 14. 322 p.
  • Wheeler, A., 1977. Das grosse Buch der Fische. Eugen Ulmer GmbH & Co. Stuttgart. 356 p.
  • Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao i C.F. Lai (eds.), 1999. Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan.


Enllaços externs

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Chelidonichthys kumu: Brief Summary ( Katalanca; Valensiyaca )

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Chelidonichthys kumu és una espècie de peix pertanyent a la família dels tríglids.

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Bluefin gurnard ( İngilizce )

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The bluefin gurnard or Pacific red gurnard (Chelidonichthys kumu) is a species of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Triglidae, the gurnards and sea robins. Its Māori names are kumukumu and pūwahaiau. It is found in the western Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean, being common around Australia and New Zealand at depths down to 200 metres (660 ft). The fish is one of the most important commercial fish species in New Zealand.

Taxonomy

The bluefin gurnard was first formally described in 1829 by the French zoologist Georges Cuvier with the type locality given as New Zealand.[3] Within the genus Chelidonichthys this species is classified in the nominate subgenus. The specific name kumu is a latinisation of koumou, a name Cuvier said was used locally for this fish New Zealand.[4]

Description

Chelidonichthys kumu (Cuvier, 1829)

The bluefin gurnard is a bottom-dwelling fish known for its bright red body and large, colourful pectoral fins with a large black eye-spot in the center and surrounded by a bright blue edge.[5][2] Its natural colour is a splotchy pale brown, generally only becoming red when stressed and the belly is paler or even white.[6]

It has a boxy, bony head which is protected by backwards-facing spines along the front of the snout and around the eye as well as on the hind margin of the operculum and tapers into a laterally elongated body with 33-35 vertebrae.[7]

There are 8-10 gill rakers and 70-80 scales on its lateral line, which is uninterrupted. Its two tall, triangular dorsal fins have a total of 15-16 soft rays and 9-10 spines. There is no adipose fin. The anal fin has 14-16 soft rays and no spines.

The bluefin gurnard's large, fan-like pectoral fins are one of two pairs with 13-14 soft rays and its pelvic fin has 5 soft rays and a single spine. The pectoral fins’ first three rays are modified and separated from the rest of the fin. They are used as sensory organs, sometimes referred to as “fingers”,[8] permitting it to probe the sea bottom to detect prey buried in the sand or the mud[7][9] These spectacular fins make the red gurnard look like a butterfly of the sea, however their role is not entirely known. They could be used to attract a mate or frighten off predators.[7] These fan-like fins can also be used to give stability during swimming.[9]

Distribution

Cape Peninsula, South Africa

Natural global range

The bluefin gurnard can be found throughout many central tropical and temperate Indo-West Pacific waters.[10] It is commonly found along the coasts of New Zealand, Australia, South Africa, and many islands in the South Pacific. It is unsure whether or not previous records from Japan, Korea, China, and the Hawaiian Islands are mis-identifications.[11][2][12]

New Zealand range

The bluefin gurnard is the most common gurnard in New-Zealand.[6] It is found in all the coastal waters around both the north and south islands [13][12] except the southern fiords,[5][10][8] and also Stewart, the Chatham, and Kermadec Islands.[11] There are large population hotspots around the Bay of Plenty, Hawke Bay, Banks Peninsula, the Foveaux Strait, the west coast of the North Island, and the north and northwest coasts of the South Island.

Habitat preferences

As a benthic marine fish, the bluefin gurnard prefers shallow coastal waters and may be found from the edge of continental shelves to estuaries and brackish rivers[11]) with soft bottoms of sand, sandy-shell, or mud.[5][10] This is because they 'walk' slowly over the seabed using their first three free-rays.[9] They can bury themselves in the substrate, with only the top of their head, their nostrils and eyes exposed in order to surprise prey (Lang, 2000). It is found from shallow waters one meter deep but generally inhabits 100-200m but may have maximum depths of up to 300m.[11][2]

Life cycle/Phenology

Growth

Bluefin gurnard eggs develop for 7 days before hatching,[2] and grow rapidly until they reach maturity at 2–3 years old. After reaching maturity growth slows considerably and they move into deeper water where bluefin gurnards found in deeper strata were older and longer on average than those found inshore.[14]

Males are smaller than females at around 26 cm and 33 cm respectively and they may live for over 12 years.[5][10][9][6]

Spawning

In New Zealand spawning occurs around multiple places throughout both the North and South Islands along shallow and mid-shelf coastal waters.[11] Spawning time ranges all the way from spring to autumn – September to May – and ovulating females have been reported all year round,[15] but peak spawning time is in late spring and early summer – November and December.[2][12] The end of the spawning season coincides with decreasing day length and increasing temperature, which are possibly used as regulatory indicators. The eggs and the larvae growth are in surface waters.[16] They can accidentally be caught in shallow sea ports, in this way some juveniles can be seen in these areas.[6]

Diet and foraging

Polychaete Worm
Anchovies

The bluefin gurnard is an opportunistic feeder, preying principally on crustaceans but pretty much any small macrofauna such as shrimp/prawns, crabs, crayfish, lobster, amphipods, small fish, and polychaete worms. [5][17][2][6][12] It uses modified fin rays under its pectorals to probe the sand for prey and may also use the large fan-like pectoral fins to offer prey mock shelter. They can be found in shallow water with soft ground after being stirred by winter storms and around the seasonal migrations of small shoreline fish like whitebait, anchovy, and pilchard.[5]

Along the Australian shores, the bluefin gurnard seems to be one of the apex predators with dogfishes, dories, lings and other flatheads.[18]

A possible use for its large pectoral fins may be to make it appear larger to scare off potential predators.[5]

Predators, Parasites, and Diseases

New Zealand fur seal

The bluefin gurnard's predators are not well-known. This fish has been found to have been included in the stomach contents of fur seals in Banks Peninsula, but does not represent an entire diet.[19][20]

Some parasites can be found in the red gurnard. Nematoda larvae can infect this fish such as Anisakis or Contracaecum larvae which can be found in viscera, intestines, or other body cavities.[21][22] The parasites found in the bluefin gurnard can be summarised into two different groups: Digenea and Nematoda.[21]

Helicometra, a parasite found in the intestine

In a human context

A commercial price tag for gurnard from a 1950s fish shop in New Zealand

The bluefin gurnard is a traditional food for Māori, however in some areas of New Zealand the fish had a poor reputation and was only rarely eaten.[23] Early European settlers also shared this perception, often exporting the fish to Australia, where it had a better reputation. By the 20th Century, this reputation had reversed, and the bluefin gurnard became one of the most popular eating fish in New Zealand.[23][6]

By the 1970s, the fish was the fourth-most caught species in New Zealand, and by the year 2000 approximately 4,000 tons were caught annually.[6][7] Even if their number was low in the mid-1990s in New-Zealand, the population has increased and seems to stay constant.[24] It has a very good, pink and firm flesh with a low rate of fat.[6]

The bluefin gurnard is an important commercial fish in areas like Hawks Bay and Golden Bay via bottom-trawling or bottom long-lining, and also a regular catch of recreational fishers from boats and surf catching. [5] The National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) includes bluefin gurnard in a list of key inshore species to be trawl-surveyed every two years for the Ministry of Primary Fisheries (MPI) to assess populations and aid in informing fishery management. NIWA also holds interviews at recreational fishing ramps along Shelly Beach and the 20 busiest boat ramps along the North Island's northeast coast to gather information for further insight into population sizes and health, asking questions such as where fish had been caught, how big they were, and what bait had been used. The legal fishing size is 25 cm.[11]

Vocalisations

Bluefin gurnards are known to be quite vocal when captured, emitting loud grunts.[5] Although referred to as "vocalisation", sounds are not actually made through laryngeal mechanics but are thought to be produced by contracting pairs of intrinsic sonic muscles in the swim bladder. The growling sound is a nocturnal vocalisation emitted at night and singly, whereas the grunts is produced when the animals are grouped. Grunts sounds last 0.2 seconds and can be heard without any advice, their frequency range are from 250 to 300 Hz.[25] The fish is believed to be the loudest species in the Triglidae family.[23]

A study of a captive female red gurnard and discovered four separate types of sound it can produce in two separate aural categories: grunt and growl. Its vocalizations were heard every hour around the clock with increases at dawn and dusk, and growls were made at night. The sounds were not found to be associated with feeding activity and in this setting were unlikely to be distress. The vocalizations may indicate associations with reproductive state as they are known to make the most noise during breeding season and generally are “likely to be significant contributors to [the] ambient underwater soundscape.”[26]

References

  1. ^ Acero, A.; Fricke, R.; and Murdy, E. (2010). "Chelidonichthys kumu". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T154895A4661163. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T154895A4661163.en. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2022). "Chelidonichthys kumu" in FishBase. February 2022 version.
  3. ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Chelidonichthys". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
  4. ^ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (10 June 2021). "Order Perciformes (Part 12): Suborder Triglioidei: Families Triglidae and Peristediidae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i Eichelsheim, J. (2010). Top Catch: Hook up New Zealand’s top 12 species. Random House New Zealand, Auckland. ASIN B00AM7FIOO.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h Lang P. (2000). New Zealand fishes – Identification, natural history and fisheries. Reed. pp. 80–81.
  7. ^ a b c d Ayling T.; Cox G.J. (1982). Collins guide to the sea fishes of New Zealand. Collins. p. 197. ISBN 0002169878.
  8. ^ a b Powell A.W.B. (1947). Powell’s Native Animals of New Zealand (4 ed.). David Bateman Ltd, Auckland. p. 71.
  9. ^ a b c d Francis M. (2012). Coastal fishes of New Zealand – Identification – Biology – Behaviour. Craig Potton Publishing, Nelson. p. 82. ISBN 187751781X.
  10. ^ a b c d Elder, R. D. (1976). "Studies on age, growth, reproduction and population dynamics of red gurnard, Chelidonichthys kumu, in the Hauraki Gulf". New Zealand Fisheries Research Bulletin. 12: 1–77.
  11. ^ a b c d e f MacGibbon, D. & Hurst, R. (2017). "NIWA research vessel surveying fish in Tasman and Golden Bays".
  12. ^ a b c d Roberts D.C.; Stewart A.L.; Struthers C.D. (2015). The fishes of New-Zealand (Volume 3)-Systematic Accounts. Te Papa Press. p. 1108. ISBN 9780994104168.
  13. ^ Atlas of the Living Resources of the Seas. FAO Fisheries Department, Rome. 1981.
  14. ^ Lyon, W.S. & Horn, P.L. (2011). Length and age of red gurnard (Chelidonichthys kumu) from trawl surveys off west coast South Island in 2003, 2005, and 2007, with comparisons to earlier surveys in the time series (Report). New Zealand Fisheries Assessment Report 2011/46.
  15. ^ Clearwater, S.J. & Pankhurst, N.W. (1994). "Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology of Female Red Gurnard, Chelidonichthys kumu (Lesson and Garnot) (Family Triglidae), from the Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand". Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research. 45 (2): 131–139.
  16. ^ "Red Gurnard (GUR)". Ministry for Primary Industries. 2008. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
  17. ^ Furukawa, I. & Ikeda, M. (1953). "Ecological studies on the bottom fish in the Hyuga Nada – I. Red Gurnard". Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries. 19: 390–397.
  18. ^ Bulman C.; Althaus F.; He X.; Bax N.J.; Williams A. (2001). "Diets and trophic guilds of demersal fishes of the south-eastern Australian shelf". CSIRO Marine Freshwater Research. 52: 537–548.
  19. ^ Allum L.L. & Maddigan F.W. (2012). "Unusual stability of diet of the New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri) at Banks Peninsula, New Zealand". New Zealand Journal of Marine Freshwater Research. 46 (1): 91–96. doi:10.1080/00288330.2011.604336.
  20. ^ "It's good news for seals and it's good news for fishers". Department of Conservation. Retrieved 10 June 2022.
  21. ^ a b Hewitt G. C. & Hine P. M. (1972). "Checklist of parasites of New Zealand fishes and of their hosts". New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research. 6 (1–2): 69–114.
  22. ^ Lymbery A. J.; Doupé R.G.; Munshi M. A.; Wong T. (2002). "Larvae of Contracaecum sp. among inshore fish species of southwestern Australia". Diseases of Aquatic Organism. 51: 157–159. doi:10.3354/dao051157.
  23. ^ a b c Vennell, Robert (5 October 2022). Secrets of the Sea: The Story of New Zealand's Native Sea Creatures. HarperCollins Publishers Ltd. pp. 96–101. ISBN 978-1-77554-179-0. Wikidata Q114871191.
  24. ^ "Red Gurnard". Ministry for Primary Industries. 2018. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
  25. ^ Amorim, M. Clara (2006). "Diversity of sound production in fish". Communication in Fishes. 1: 71–105.
  26. ^ Radford C.A.; Ghazali S.M.; Montgomery J.C.; Jeffs A.G. (2016). "Vocalization Repertoire of Female Bluefin Gurnard (Chelidonichthys kumu) in Captivity: Sound Structure, Context and Vocal Activity". PLOS ONE. 11 (2): e0149338. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0149338.
  • Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). (2019). Chelidonichthys kumu (Cuvier 1829). Retrieved from https://itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=167052#null
  • World Register of Marine Species (2008), Chelidonichthys kumu (Cuvier, 1829), retrieved 13/03/2019 from http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=218122
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chelidonichthys kumu.
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Bluefin gurnard: Brief Summary ( İngilizce )

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The bluefin gurnard or Pacific red gurnard (Chelidonichthys kumu) is a species of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Triglidae, the gurnards and sea robins. Its Māori names are kumukumu and pūwahaiau. It is found in the western Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean, being common around Australia and New Zealand at depths down to 200 metres (660 ft). The fish is one of the most important commercial fish species in New Zealand.

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Chelidonichthys kumu ( Baskça )

wikipedia EU tarafından sağlandı

Chelidonichthys kumu Chelidonichthys generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Triglidae familian sailkatzen da.

Banaketa

Espezie hau Agulhasko itsaslasterran aurki daiteke.

Erreferentziak

  1. Froese, Rainer & Pauly, Daniel ed. (2006), Chelidonichthys kumu FishBase webgunean. 2006ko apirilaren bertsioa.

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Chelidonichthys kumu: Brief Summary ( Baskça )

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Chelidonichthys kumu Chelidonichthys generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Triglidae familian sailkatzen da.

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Chelidonichthys kumu ( İtalyanca )

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La gallinella australe[2] (Chelidonichthys kumu Cuvier, 1829), è una specie di pesce osseo marino appartenente alla famiglia Triglidae.

Distribuzione e habitat

È diffusa nelle aree temperate e subtropicali dell'Indo-Pacifico. È comune nelle acque dell'Africa sudorientale del Mozambico e del Sudafrica (fino al Capo di Buona Speranza) nonché dell'Australia meridionale e della Nuova Zelanda. Risulta segnalato anche in Giappone, in Corea e a Hong Kong. bentonico, vive su fondali sabbiosi e di conchiglie della piattaforma continentale tra[3].

Descrizione

Molto simile a Chelidonichthys lucerna diffuso anche nei mari europei e nel mar Mediterraneo. Sebbene non abbia ghiandole velenifere pare che la puntura dei raggi spinosi della prima pinna dorsale abbia effetti dolorosi. La colorazione è olivaceo o bruno che vira verso il rosso quando il pesce è disturbato. La parte inferiore delle pinne pettorali sono cosparse di macchie nere e punti bianchi[3].

Misura fino a 60 cm, la taglia media è sui 40 cm. Il peso massimo noto è di 1,5 kg[3].

Biologia

Vive fino a 15 anni[3].

Alimentazione

Si nutre prevalentemente di crostacei[4].

Pesca

La carne è ottima e la specie è oggetto di pesca commerciale. Viene spesso impiegata per la produzione del surimi[3].

Conservazione

Sebbene venga pescata in varie aree le sue popolazioni paiono stabili e la IUCN non la considera specie minacciata[1].

Tassonomia

La tassonomia della specie è poco nota. Potrebbe trattarsi di 3 specie diverse con areale non sovrapposto[1].

Note

  1. ^ a b c (EN) Chelidonichthys kumu, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
  2. ^ Mipaaf - Decreto Ministeriale n°19105 del 22 settembre 2017 - Denominazioni in lingua italiana delle specie ittiche di interesse commerciale, su www.politicheagricole.it. URL consultato il 6 marzo 2018.
  3. ^ a b c d e e 200 metri (di solito tra 75 e 150 metri). Frequenta anche gli estuari e penetra nei fiumi(EN) Chelidonichthys kumu, su FishBase. URL consultato il 22.10.2015.
  4. ^ (EN) Lista delle prede da Fishbase

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Chelidonichthys kumu: Brief Summary ( İtalyanca )

wikipedia IT tarafından sağlandı

La gallinella australe (Chelidonichthys kumu Cuvier, 1829), è una specie di pesce osseo marino appartenente alla famiglia Triglidae.

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Blauwvinpoon ( Felemenkçe; Flemish )

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Vissen

De blauwvinpoon (Chelidonichthys kumu) of kumupoon is een straalvinnige vis uit de familie van ponen (Triglidae) en behoort tot de orde van schorpioenvisachtigen (Scorpaeniformes). De vis kan maximaal 60 cm lang en 1500 gram zwaar worden. De hoogst geregistreerde leeftijd 15 jaar.

Leefomgeving

Chelidonichthys kumu komt in zeewater en brak water voor. De vis prefereert een subtropisch klimaat en heeft zich verspreid over de Grote en Indische Oceaan. De diepteverspreiding is 1 tot 200 m onder het wateroppervlak.

Relatie tot de mens

Chelidonichthys kumu is voor de beroepsvisserij van aanzienlijk belang. Voor zeehengelaars heeft de vis minder betekenis.

Voor de mens is Chelidonichthys kumu giftig.

Externe links

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Blauwvinpoon: Brief Summary ( Felemenkçe; Flemish )

wikipedia NL tarafından sağlandı

De blauwvinpoon (Chelidonichthys kumu) of kumupoon is een straalvinnige vis uit de familie van ponen (Triglidae) en behoort tot de orde van schorpioenvisachtigen (Scorpaeniformes). De vis kan maximaal 60 cm lang en 1500 gram zwaar worden. De hoogst geregistreerde leeftijd 15 jaar.

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Chelidonichthys kumu ( İsveççe )

wikipedia SV tarafından sağlandı

Chelidonichthys kumu är en bottenfisk i familjen knotfiskar (Triglidae) som framför allt finns i södra Stilla havet och Indiska oceanen.

Systematik

Arten är mycket lik den nära släktingen Chelidonichthys spinosus, och taxonomin mellan dessa arter är osäker.[3]

Utseende

En långsträckt fisk med stort, triangulärt huvud som har stora ögon och många taggar och benkammar. Fjällen är små, och saknas på bröstet. Färgen är normalt olivgrön till brunaktig, men skiftar till rött under stress. Den nedre/indre delen av bröstfenorna har stora svarta fläckar, omgivna av ett flertal ljusblå fläckar, som bleknar efter döden.[3] Den främre ryggfenan har mellan 9 och 10 taggstrålar, medan den bakre består av 15 till 16 mjukstrålar. Även analfenan har enbart mjukstrålar, 14 – 16 till antalet. Osäkra uppgifter finns om att taggstrålarna skulle vara giftiga, men inga giftkörtlar har hittats. Arten kan bli 60 cm lång, och som mest väga 1,5 kg.[4]

Utbredning

I Indiska oceanen finns den från södra Moçambique till Sydafrika, vidare Stilla havet vid Australien, Nya Zeeland[3], Vietnam och norrut till Japan och Sydkorea.[1] Rapporter finns också från Hongkong[4], Hawaii (ett fynd) och osäkra uppgifter från Chile[3]

Ekologi

Arten lever nära sandiga bottnar, gärna med inslag av snäckskal, från flodmynningar med brackvatten (framför allt ungfiskar) till kontinentalsockeln på ett djup av 200 m. Den förekommer dock vanligen mellan 75 och 150 m.[4] Den kan även gå upp i rent sötvatten[1]. Högsta konstaterade ålder är 15 år.[4]

Kommersiell användning

Chelidonichthys kumu anses vara en god matfisk, och ett kommersiellt trålfiske förekommer vid Sydafrika, Australien och Nya Zeeland.[3] Fisken saluförs både färsk och frusen.[4] Den genomsnittliga totala årliga fångsten mellan 2002 och 2006 var 4 993 ton, huvuddelen (3 726 ton) i nyzeeländska vatten.[1]

Referenser

  1. ^ [a b c d] Acero, A., Fricke, R. & Murdy, E. IUCN 2009 Läst 2011-07-30
  2. ^ Chelidonichthys kumu (Cuvier, 1829)” (på engelska). ITIS. http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=167052. Läst 30 juni 2011.
  3. ^ [a b c d e f] W.J. Richards (1999). ”THE LIVING MARINE RESOURCES OF THE WESTERN CENTRAL PACIFIC – VOLUME 4 Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae)” (på engelska) (FTP, 1,03 MB). FAO. sid. s. 6 (17). ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/x2400e/x2400e26.pdf. Läst 30 juni 2011.
  4. ^ [a b c d e] Froese, Rainer (6 oktober 2010). Chelidonichthys kumu (Cuvier, 1829) Bluefin gurnard” (på engelska). Fishbase. http://www.fishbase.us/Summary/speciesSummary.php?ID=507&genusname=Chelidonichthys&speciesname=kumu&AT=Chelidonichthys+kumu. Läst 30 juni 2011.
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Chelidonichthys kumu: Brief Summary ( İsveççe )

wikipedia SV tarafından sağlandı

Chelidonichthys kumu är en bottenfisk i familjen knotfiskar (Triglidae) som framför allt finns i södra Stilla havet och Indiska oceanen.

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Chelidonichthys kumu ( Ukraynaca )

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Chelidonichthys kumu — вид морських півнів (Triglidae). Поширені у Індо-Вест-Пацифіці від затоки Делагоа, узбережжя Мозамбіку, до Південної Африки; звичайний вид у Австралії і Новій Зеландії, відзначений біля берегів Японії та Кореї. Також біля Гонконгу. Морська / солонуватоводна демерсальна риба, сягає 60 см довжини.

Література

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Chelidonichthys kumu: Brief Summary ( Ukraynaca )

wikipedia UK tarafından sağlandı

Chelidonichthys kumu — вид морських півнів (Triglidae). Поширені у Індо-Вест-Пацифіці від затоки Делагоа, узбережжя Мозамбіку, до Південної Африки; звичайний вид у Австралії і Новій Зеландії, відзначений біля берегів Японії та Кореї. Також біля Гонконгу. Морська / солонуватоводна демерсальна риба, сягає 60 см довжини.

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Cheildonichthy kumu ( Vietnamca )

wikipedia VI tarafından sağlandı

Cá chào mào đất (Danh pháp khoa học: Cheildonichthy kumu) là loài cá thuộc họ cá chào mào Triglidae, sống ở nhiều nơi trên thế giới như New Zealand, Nam Phi, Nhật Bản, Trung Quốc, tại các vùng nước cạn ven bờ biển trên đáy cát, nhưng cũng có ở vùng thềm lục địa sâu tới 180 mét nước.

Trong tiếng Anh, chúng được gọi là Bluefin gurnard, Red Gurnard. Cái tên Gurnard hay Gurnet xuất phát từ động từ tiếng Pháp là grogner, chỉ đến âm thanh do bọng bơi cá phát ra khi cá rời khỏi nước.

Đặc điểm

Cá chào mào đất sống mọi nơi ở vùng nước New Zealand trên đáy biển cát hoặc có pha cát ở độ sâu có khi tới 150 mét nước. Chúng được bắt quanh năm, chủ yếu bằng lưới kéo đáy. Mùa sinh sản thường diễn ra vào mùa hè và ấu trùng thường được phát hiện ngoài khơi vào cuối tháng giêng. Cá con sống ở khu vực nhiều dinh dưỡng gần bờ.

Mô tả

Cả cá đực và cá cái đều thuần thục ở chiều dài thân từ 20–24 cm khi cúng được 2–3 năm tuổi. Cá chào mào đất sống khoảng 10 năm, dài đến 60 cm và nặng 3 kg. Trung bình cá dài chừng 12–20 cm, nặng 500–1.600 gam. Chúng có màu hồng hơi đỏ, đôi khi hơi nâu ở nửa trên, trắng phía dưới. Vậy ngực lớn màu xanh lá cây có pha xanh dương, mỗi vây có một chấm đen và một số chấm trắng nhỏ. Kiểu màu sắc và những vảy rất nhỏ của cá này phân biệt nó với những loài cá chào mào khác. Thịt cá chắc, màu hồng, hàm lượng mỡ ít hoặc trung bình, thịt cá chào mào đất nhiều kali và can xi.

Chế biến

Cá chào mào thường được bán tươi hoặc làm lạnh. Một loài khác, cá chào mào chấm ít thông thường hơn và vảy nhỏ hơn, không có nhiều giá trị về mặt thương mại. Cá thích hợp với đa số phương pháp nấu. Vảy cá rất nhỏ không cần loại bỏ. Làm sạch cá: bỏ các vây có gai. Để cá nguyên con hoặc cắt thành fillet hay các miếng nhỏ. Da cá dễ loại bỏ. Cá chào mào có xu hướng khô khi cá được nấu ở nhiệt độ quá cao. Khi nướng cá còn da, nên thường xuyên quết thêm dầu ăn hoặc nước ướp để bảo vệ da. Thịt cá ngon khi nướng, kho, chiên hoặc xông khói.

Chú thích

Tham khảo

  •  src= Dữ liệu liên quan tới Cheildonichthy kumu tại Wikispecies
  • Thông tin "Chelidonichthys kumu" trên FishBase, chủ biên Ranier Froese và Daniel Pauly. Phiên bản tháng February năm 2012.
  • Tony Ayling & Geoffrey Cox. Collins Guide to the Sea Fishes of New Zealand. William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand. 1982. ISBN 0-00-216987-8
  • Froese, Rainer (2010-10-06). ”Chelidonichthys kumu (Cuvier, 1829) Bluefin gurnard” (på engelska). Fishbase. Läst 2011-06-30.
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Cheildonichthy kumu: Brief Summary ( Vietnamca )

wikipedia VI tarafından sağlandı

Cá chào mào đất (Danh pháp khoa học: Cheildonichthy kumu) là loài cá thuộc họ cá chào mào Triglidae, sống ở nhiều nơi trên thế giới như New Zealand, Nam Phi, Nhật Bản, Trung Quốc, tại các vùng nước cạn ven bờ biển trên đáy cát, nhưng cũng có ở vùng thềm lục địa sâu tới 180 mét nước.

Trong tiếng Anh, chúng được gọi là Bluefin gurnard, Red Gurnard. Cái tên Gurnard hay Gurnet xuất phát từ động từ tiếng Pháp là grogner, chỉ đến âm thanh do bọng bơi cá phát ra khi cá rời khỏi nước.

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Куму ( Rusça )

wikipedia русскую Википедию tarafından sağlandı
Царство: Животные
Подцарство: Эуметазои
Без ранга: Вторичноротые
Подтип: Позвоночные
Инфратип: Челюстноротые
Группа: Рыбы
Группа: Костные рыбы
Подкласс: Новопёрые рыбы
Инфракласс: Костистые рыбы
Надотряд: Колючепёрые
Серия: Перкоморфы
Семейство: Тригловые
Вид: Куму
Международное научное название

Chelidonichthys kumu (Cuvier, 1829)

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ITIS 167052NCBI 334942EOL 211548

Куму[1], или морской петух-куму[1] (лат. Chelidonichthys kumu) — морская придонная рыба семейства тригловых (Triglidae). Распространён в западной части Индийского океана и западной части Тихого океана, обычный вид у побережья Австралии и Новой Зеландии, обитает на глубине до 200 метров. Длина тела составляет до 60 сантиметров. Хищная рыба, которая охотится в основном на мелких ракообразных, таких как крабы и креветки.

Рыба съедобная для человека.

Примечания

  1. 1 2 Решетников Ю. С., Котляр А. Н., Расс Т. С., Шатуновский М. И. Пятиязычный словарь названий животных. Рыбы. Латинский, русский, английский, немецкий, французский. / под общей редакцией акад. В. Е. Соколова. — М.: Рус. яз., 1989. — С. 378. — 12 500 экз.ISBN 5-200-00237-0.
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Куму: Brief Summary ( Rusça )

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Куму, или морской петух-куму (лат. Chelidonichthys kumu) — морская придонная рыба семейства тригловых (Triglidae). Распространён в западной части Индийского океана и западной части Тихого океана, обычный вид у побережья Австралии и Новой Зеландии, обитает на глубине до 200 метров. Длина тела составляет до 60 сантиметров. Хищная рыба, которая охотится в основном на мелких ракообразных, таких как крабы и креветки.

Рыба съедобная для человека.

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绿鳍鱼 ( Çince )

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二名法 Chelidonichthys kumu
(Lesson et Garnot, 1830)[1]

绿鳍鱼学名Chelidonichthys kumu),又名黑角魚雞角角仔魚角鱼蜻蜒角大头角观音娘角盖丝文,为輻鰭魚綱鮋形目牛尾魚亞目鲂鮄科绿鳍鱼属鱼类。分布于非洲南部、新西兰朝鲜日本以及沿海等,属于暖温性底层鱼类。其常生活于水深30-40米以及泥沙底质的海区,可做為食用魚。该物种的模式产地在新西兰。[1]

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 中国科学院动物研究所. 绿鳍鱼. 《中国动物物种编目数据库》. 中国科学院微生物研究所. [2009-04-16]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-05).

扩展阅读

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绿鳍鱼: Brief Summary ( Çince )

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绿鳍鱼(学名:Chelidonichthys kumu),又名黑角魚、雞角、角仔魚、角鱼、蜻蜒角、大头角、观音娘角、盖丝文,为輻鰭魚綱鮋形目牛尾魚亞目鲂鮄科绿鳍鱼属鱼类。分布于非洲南部、新西兰朝鲜日本以及沿海等,属于暖温性底层鱼类。其常生活于水深30-40米以及泥沙底质的海区,可做為食用魚。该物种的模式产地在新西兰。

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성대 (어류) ( Korece )

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성대(학명: Chelidonichthys Kumu)는 양성대과에 속하는 물고기의 일종이다.[1] 몸길이 40cm 정도이고, 성대의 머리는 단단한 골판으로 둘러싸여 있다. 주둥이 끝에 짧은 가시가 있다. 가슴지느러미는 길고 넓으며, 몸의 표면은 미세한 둥근 비늘로 덮여 있고, 몸빛은 보라색을 띤 빨강으로 적홍색의 큰 얼룩무늬가 흩어져 있다. 가슴지느러미의 안쪽은 담록색 바탕으로 푸른 선을 두르고 있으며, 아랫부분에 파란색의 작은 얼룩무늬가 흩어져 있어 아름답다.

또한 성대는 주로 작은 새우, 게, 갯가재, 작은 물고기 등 바다 밑바닥에서 생활하는 동물을 잡아먹으며, 태어난지 1년에 약 15cm, 2년 뒤에는 22cm, 5년 뒤에 32cm 정도로 된다. 또한 성대의 몸길이 30cm 정도부터 성숙해지고 성대의 산란기는 여름이다. 알은 수정 후 4일 만에 부화하며 부레로 소리를 낸다. 고기는 희고 맛이 담백하여 고급어로 취급된다. 수심 100m 정도의 바닷속에서 산다.

각주 및 참고 문헌

  1. (영어) Froese, Rainer; Daniel Pauly, eds. (2006) "Chelidonichthys kumu". 피시베이스. 2006년 5월 판.

외부 링크

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성대 (어류): Brief Summary ( Korece )

wikipedia 한국어 위키백과 tarafından sağlandı

성대(학명: Chelidonichthys Kumu)는 양성대과에 속하는 물고기의 일종이다. 몸길이 40cm 정도이고, 성대의 머리는 단단한 골판으로 둘러싸여 있다. 주둥이 끝에 짧은 가시가 있다. 가슴지느러미는 길고 넓으며, 몸의 표면은 미세한 둥근 비늘로 덮여 있고, 몸빛은 보라색을 띤 빨강으로 적홍색의 큰 얼룩무늬가 흩어져 있다. 가슴지느러미의 안쪽은 담록색 바탕으로 푸른 선을 두르고 있으며, 아랫부분에 파란색의 작은 얼룩무늬가 흩어져 있어 아름답다.

또한 성대는 주로 작은 새우, 게, 갯가재, 작은 물고기 등 바다 밑바닥에서 생활하는 동물을 잡아먹으며, 태어난지 1년에 약 15cm, 2년 뒤에는 22cm, 5년 뒤에 32cm 정도로 된다. 또한 성대의 몸길이 30cm 정도부터 성숙해지고 성대의 산란기는 여름이다. 알은 수정 후 4일 만에 부화하며 부레로 소리를 낸다. 고기는 희고 맛이 담백하여 고급어로 취급된다. 수심 100m 정도의 바닷속에서 산다.

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Description ( İngilizce )

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Found from estuaries to edge of continental shelves over sand and sandy shell seabeds to depths of 150 m (Ref. 9258). Dorsal spine reported to be venomous (Ref. 9771). Excellent food fish (Ref. 9771). Utilized fresh and frozen; eaten pan-fried, broiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).

Referans

Froese, R. & D. Pauly (Editors). (2023). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. version (02/2023).

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Katkıda bulunan
Edward Vanden Berghe [email]