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Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus (Rüppell 1837) resmi
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Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus (Rüppell 1837)

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Trophic Strategy ( İngilizce )

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Present in seagrass beds at adult stage (Ref. 41878). Forms large schools in shallow water during the day. Moves into deeper water and further offshore at night. Is a nocturnal zooplanktivore (Ref. 9004). At no time is phytoplankton taken.
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Morphology ( İngilizce )

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Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 16 - 23; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 15 - 21
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Life Cycle ( İngilizce )

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Oviparous (Ref. 205). Breeds during its first year and probably survives only a few months after maturity (Ref. 188).
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Diagnostic Description ( İngilizce )

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Diagnosis: Body slender, its depth 18 to 30% of standard length; presence of two fleshy outgrowths on the hind margin of the gill opening; sharp belly with keeled scutes, 16-19 pre-pelvic and 12-14 post-pelvic scutes (Ref. 188, 3259). The presence of elongate wing-like scales underneath the normal paired pre-dorsal scales separate it from all other species except the two Australian species with prominent black spots on the flank, Herklotsichthys koningsbergeri and Herklotsichthys Species A, and the unspotted Herklotsichthys Species B, which has dusky tips to dorsal and caudal fins and more lower gill rakers, 36-42 vs. 33-36 in H. quadrimaculatus (Ref. 188). Flank silvery with an electric blue line preceded by two orange spots (Ref. 188).Description: Body fusiform, moderately slender; depth of body 3.1-3.9 in standard length (Ref. 3107, 90102). Top of head with few, fronto-parietal striae, about 4-7 striae on each side (Ref. 3259). Lower portion of paddle-shaped second supramaxilla longer than upper; gill opening with two fleshy outgrowths; no prominent ridges of teeth on roof of mouth (Ref. 3107, 3259). Lower gill rakers 28-37; upper gill rakers 11-16; total gill rakers 40-50 (Ref. 3259, 122993). Dorsal fin with 3-5 unbranched and 13-16 branched rays; anal fin with 2-4 unbranched and 13-17 branched rays; pectoral fin with 1 unbranched and 13-16 branched rays; pelvic fin with 1 unbranched and 7 branched rays (Ref. 3259, 122993). Longitudinal scale series 38-45; broad wing-like scales almost hidden beneath the overlapping pre-dorsal scales (Ref. 3107, 3259, 30573, 122993). Sharp belly, with keeled scutes; total ventral scutes 30-32, with 16-19 pre-pelvic and 12-14 post-pelvic scutes (Ref. 3259, 90102, 122993).Colouration: Back blue-green without spots, flanks silvery with two orange spots behind gill opening in life and a blue midlateral band (Ref. 188, 3107, 3259).
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Biology ( İngilizce )

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Adults form schools near mangroves, shallow coastal bays and lagoons during the day and moves further offshore into deeper water by night (Ref. 188, 48635); at depths of 0-13m (Ref. 58302, 82332). Known in mills around in large schools under wharves or along sandy beaches in protected bays (Ref. 26367). Pelagic (Ref. 58302). Feeds on zooplankton, mainly at night, chiefly copepods in juvenile stages, but larger prey as adults (chaetognaths, polychaetes, shrimps and small fishes) (Ref. 188). Breeds during its first year and probably survives only a few months after maturity (Ref. 188). Marketed fresh and dried salted (Ref. 188). Usually parceled in leaves and baked in a motu oven. Do not recover quite as quickly as other species of baitfish after heavy fishing (Ref. 26367).
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Importance ( İngilizce )

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fisheries: minor commercial; bait: usually; price category: low; price reliability: reliable: based on ex-vessel price for this species
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分布 ( İngilizce )

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分布於印度-西太平洋區，西起非洲東岸，東至夏威夷，北至日本、臺灣，南至澳洲。臺灣分布於南部、西部、北部及澎湖海域。
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利用 ( İngilizce )

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產量不高之次經濟性魚種。主要漁法為流刺網、拖網與圍網。一般多醃漬後出售，生鮮時可適合煎炸後食用，或做為延繩釣之釣餌。
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描述 ( İngilizce )

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體延長而側扁，腹部略圓，具稜鱗，16+ 12個。脂性眼瞼發達。口小，端位；上下頜約等長；前上頜骨中間無缺口；上頜骨末端達眼前緣下方。鰓蓋光滑；鰓裂內後緣具2乳突。額頂細紋少，僅3-7條。體被細薄圓鱗，極易脫落；鱗片上之垂直條紋不中斷；背鰭和臀鰭基部之鱗鞘低；胸鰭和腹鰭基部具腋鱗。背鰭位於體中部前方，具軟條16；臀鰭位於體之後半部，具軟條15；腹鰭軟條8；尾鰭深叉。體背部青綠色，體側下方和腹部銀白色；體背兩側無點狀條紋。背鰭淡黃，前端基部不具黑點；尾鰭淡黃，上下葉不具黑緣，且末端不具大塊黑斑；胸鰭淡黃；餘鰭淡色。
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棲地 ( İngilizce )

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沿近海表層洄游性中小型魚類，有時會進入內灣或潟湖區內。群游性。以浮游生物為食。
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Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus ( Katalanca; Valensiyaca )

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Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus és una espècie de peix pertanyent a la família dels clupèids.[4]

Descripció

  • Pot arribar a fer 25 cm de llargària màxima (normalment, en fa 10).
  • 13-21 radis tous a l'aleta dorsal i 12-23 a l'anal.[5][6][7]

Alimentació

Els juvenils mengen zooplàncton (sobretot, copèpodes), mentre que els adults es nodreixen de quetògnats, poliquets, gambes i peixets.[5]

Depredadors

A les illes Hawaii és depredat per Sphyrna lewini.[8][9]

Hàbitat

És un peix marí i d'aigua salabrosa, associat als esculls[10] i de clima tropical (39°N-33°S, 29°E-178°W) que viu entre 1-13 m de fondària.[5][11][12]

Distribució geogràfica

Es troba des de l'Àfrica Oriental,[13][14][15] Madagascar i Maurici fins al Japó, l'est d'Austràlia i Samoa. Ha estat introduït a Hawaii.[16][5][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54]

Ús comercial

Es comercialitza fresc i en salaó.[55]

Referències

  1. ↑ Whitley G. P., 1951. New fish names and records. Proc. R. Zool. Soc. N. S. W. v. for 1949-1950. 61-68.
  2. ↑ Rüppell, W. P. E. S., 1835-1838. Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Fische des Rothen Meeres. Frankfurt-am-Main. 1-148, Pls. 1-33.
  3. ↑ Catalogue of Life (anglès)
  4. ↑ The Taxonomicon (en anglès)
  5. ↑ 5,0 5,1 5,2 5,3 FishBase (anglès)
  6. ↑ Kuiter, R.H. i T. Tonozuka, 2001. Pictorial guide to Indonesian reef fishes. Part 1. Eels- Snappers, Muraenidae - Lutjanidae. Zoonetics, Austràlia. 302 p.
  7. ↑ Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeioidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. Part 1 - Chirocentridae, Clupeidae and Pristigasteridae. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303.
  8. ↑ Bush, A., 2003. Diet and diel feeding periodicity of juvenile scalloped hammerhead sharks, Sphyrna lewini, in Kãne'ohe Bay, O'ahu, Hawai'i. Environ. Biol. Fish. 67:1-11.
  9. ↑ FishBase (anglès)
  10. ↑ Hardy, J.D. Jr., 2003. Coral reef fish species. NOAANational Oceanographic Data Center. NODC Coral Reef Data and Information Management System. Estats Units. 537 p.
  11. ↑ Mundy, B.C., 2005. Checklist of the fishes of the Hawaiian Archipelago. Bishop Museum Bulletins in Zoology. Bishop Mus. Bull. Zool. (6):1-704.
  12. ↑ Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985.
  13. ↑ Pereira, M.A.M., 2000. Preliminary checklist of reef-associated fishes of Mozambique. Maputo, Ministry for the Coordination of Environmental Affairs (MICOA). 21 pp.
  14. ↑ Gell, F.R. i M.W. Whittington, 2002. Diversity of fishes in seagrass beds in the Quirimba Archipelago, northern Mozambique. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 53:115-121.
  15. ↑ Fischer, W., I. Sousa, C. Silva, A. de Freitas, J.M. Poutiers, W. Schneider, T.C. Borges, J.P. Feral i A. Massinga, 1990. Fichas FAO de identificaçao de espécies para actividades de pesca. Guia de campo das espécies comerciais marinhas e de águas salobras de Moçambique. Publicaçao preparada em collaboraçao com o Instituto de Investigaçao Pesquiera de Moçambique, com financiamento do Projecto PNUD/FAO MOZ/86/030 e de NORAD. Roma, FAO. 1990. 424 p.
  16. ↑ Williams, V.R. i T.A. Clarke, 1983. Reproduction, growth and other aspects of the biology of the gold spot herring, Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus (Clupeidae), a recent introduction to Hawaii. Fish. Bull. 81(3):587-597.
  17. ↑ Allen, G.R. i M. Adrim, 2003. Coral reef fishes of Indonesia. Zool. Stud. 42(1):1-72.
  18. ↑ Allen, G.R. i P.L. Munday, 1994. Kimbe Bay rapid ecological assessment: the coral reefs of Kimbe Bay (West New Britain, Papua New Guinea), Volum 3: Fish diversity of Kimbe Bay. The Nature Conservancy, South Pacific program Office, Auckland, Nova Zelanda. 107 p.
  19. ↑ Bianchi, G., 1985. FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the commercial marine and brackish-water species of Tanzania. Prepared and published with the support of TCP/URT/4406 and FAO (FIRM) Regular Programme. FAO, Roma. 199 p.
  20. ↑ Chen, C.-H., 2004. Checklist of the fishes of Penghu. FRI Special Publication. Núm. 4. 175 p.
  21. ↑ Fouda, M.M. i G.V. Hermosa, Jr., 1993. A checklist of Oman fishes. Sultan Qaboos University Press, Oman. 42 p.
  22. ↑ Fricke, R., 1999. Fishes of the Mascarene Islands (Réunion, Mauritius, Rodriguez): an annotated checklist, with descriptions of new species. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein, Theses Zoologicae, Vol. 31: 759 p.
  23. ↑ Ganaden, S.R. i F. Lavapie-Gonzales, 1999. Common and local names of marine fishes of the Philippines. Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, Filipines. 385 p.
  24. ↑ Gloerfelt-Tarp, T. i P.J. Kailola, 1984. Trawled fishes of southern Indonesia and northwestern Australia. Australian Development Assistance Bureau, Austràlia, Directorate General of Fishes, Indonèsia i German Agency for Technical Cooperation, República Federal d'Alemanya. 407 p.
  25. ↑ Herre, A.W.C.T., 1953. Check list of Philippine fishes. Res. Rep. U.S. Fish Wild. Serv., (20): 977 p.
  26. ↑ Herre, A.W.C.T., 1959. Marine fishes in Philippine rivers and lakes. Philipp. J. Sci. 87(1):65-88.
  27. ↑ Hoese, D.F., D.J. Bray, J.R. Paxton i G.R. Allen, 2006. Fishes. A Beasley, O.L. i A. Wells (eds.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volum 35. ABRS & CSIRO Publishing: Australia Part 1, pp. xxiv 1-670; Part 2, pp. xxi 671-1472; Part 3, pp. xxi 1473-2178.
  28. ↑ Huang, Z., 2001. Marine species and their distribution in China's seas. p. 404- 463. Vertebrata. Smithsonian Institution, Florida, Estats Units. 598 p.
  29. ↑ Kailola, P.J., 1987. The fishes of Papua New Guinea. A revised and annotated checklist. Vol. 1. Myxinidae to Synbranchidae. Research Bulletin Núm. 41. Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Port Moresby, Papua Nova Guinea. 194 p.
  30. ↑ Kapoor, D., R. Dayal i A.G. Ponniah, 2002. Fish biodiversity of India. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources Lucknow, Índia. 775 p.
  31. ↑ Khalaf, M.A., 2005. Fish fauna of the Jordanian Coast, Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. Journal of King AbdulAziz University-Marine Sciences. Vol. 15.
  32. ↑ Kulbicki, M. i J.T. Williams, 1997. Checklist of the shorefishes of Ouvea Atoll, New Caledonia. Atoll Res. Bull. 444: 26 p.
  33. ↑ Letourneur, Y., P. Chabanet, P. Durville, M. Taquet, E. Teissier, M. Parmentier, J.-C. Quéro i K. Pothin, 2004. An updated checklist of the marine fish fauna of Reunion Island, south-western Indian Ocean. Cybium 28(3):199-216.
  34. ↑ Lieske, E. i R. Myers, 1994. Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p.
  35. ↑ Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno i T. Yoshino, 1984. The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tòquio, Japó. 437 p.
  36. ↑ Milton, D.A., SJ.M. Blaber i N.J.F. Rawlinson, 1994. Reproductive biology and egg production of three species of Clupeidae from Kiribati, tropical central Pacific. Fish. Bull. 92(1):102-121.
  37. ↑ Monkolprasit, S., S. Sontirat, S. Vimollohakarn i T. Songsirikul, 1997. Checklist of Fishes in Thailand. Office of Environmental Policy and Planning, Bangkok, Tailàndia. 353 p.
  38. ↑ Myers, R.F., 1991. Micronesian reef fishes. Segona edició. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p.
  39. ↑ Opic, P., F. Conand i P. Bourret, 1994. Poissons commerciaux du sud-ouest de l'océan Indien. ORSTOM Éditions, 91 p.
  40. ↑ Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen i J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p.
  41. ↑ Randall, J.E., 1987. Introductions of marine fishes to the Hawaiian Islands. Bull. Mar. Sci. 41(2):490-502.
  42. ↑ Randall, J.E., 1995. Coastal fishes of Oman. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 439 p.
  43. ↑ Randall, J.E. i C. Anderson, 1993. Annotated checklist of the epipelagic and shore fishes of the Maldives Islands. Ichthyol. Bull. of the J.L.B. Smith Inst. of Ichthyol. 59:47.
  44. ↑ Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen i R.C. Steene, 1990. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p.
  45. ↑ Randall, J.E., H. Ida, K. Kato, R.L. Pyle i J.L. Earle, 1997. Annotated checklist of inshore fishes of the Ogasawara Islands. Nat. Sci. Mus. Monogr. (11):1-74.
  46. ↑ Randall, J.E., J.L. Earle, T. Hayes, C. Pittman, M. Severns i R.L.F. Smith, 1993. Eleven new records and validations of shore fishes from the Hawaiian Islands. Pac. Sci. 47(3):222-239.
  47. ↑ Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea i W.B. Scott, 1980. A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (12)1-174.
  48. ↑ Seale, A., 1908. The fishery resources of the Philippine Islands. Part I, commercial fishes. Philipp. J. Sci. 3(6):513-531.
  49. ↑ Shao, K.-T., C.-P. Lin, L.-T. Ho i P.-L. Lin, 1990. Study on the fish communities from northern and southern waters of Taiwan by analyzing the impingement data. J. Fish. Soc. Taiwan 17(2):73-90.
  50. ↑ Shen, S.C. (ed.), 1993. Fishes of Taiwan. Department of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei. 960 p.
  51. ↑ Talwar, P.K. i R.K. Kacker, 1984. Commercial sea fishes of India. Zoological Survey of India, Calcuta. 997 p.
  52. ↑ Wantiez, L., 1993. Les poissons des fonds meubles du lagon Nord et de la Baie de Saint-Vincent de Nouvelle-Calédonie: Description des peuplements, structure et fonctionnement des communautés. Tesi doctoral, Université d' Aix-Marseille II, França.
  53. ↑ Wantiez, L., 1996. Comparison of fish assemblages sampled by a shrimp trawl and a fish trawl in St. Vincent bay, New Caledonia. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 76(4):759-775.
  54. ↑ Wass, R.C., 1984. An annotated checklist of the fishes of Samoa. Natl. Ocean. Atmos. Adminis. Tech. Rept., Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv., Spec. Sci. Rept. Fish. (781).
  55. ↑ Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985.


Bibliografia

  • Anònim, 2001. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution - Division of Fishes.
  • Anònim, 2002. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West, NY 10024-5192, Estats Units.
  • Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba i K.E. Carpenter, 1994. SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). Núm. 9. Roma, FAO. 103 p.
  • Kotlyar, A.N., 1984. Dictionary of names of marine fishes on the six languages. All Union Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography, Moscou. 288 p.
  • Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao i C.F. Lai (eds.), 1999. Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan.


Enllaços externs

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Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus: Brief Summary ( Katalanca; Valensiyaca )

wikipedia CA tarafından sağlandı

Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus és una espècie de peix pertanyent a la família dels clupèids.

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Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus ( İngilizce )

wikipedia EN tarafından sağlandı

Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus, also known as the bluestripe herring, is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Clupeidae.[2] It is widespread in the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean.[1][2] Other names for the species include goldspot sardine and fourspot herring.[3] It can grow to a maximum standard length 25 cm (9.8 in), although its typical length is less than half of that.[2]

References

  1. ^ a b Santos, M.; Deligero, R.; Alcantara, M.; Doyola, M.C.; Gatlabayan, L.V.; Villarao, M.C.; Tambihasan, A.M.; Lopez, G.; Villanueva, J.A.; Buccat, F.G.A.; Parido, L.; Lanzuela, N.; Belga, P.B.; Gapuz, A.V. (2017). "Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T57506640A58341331. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T57506640A58341331.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b c Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2019). "Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus" in FishBase. December 2019 version.
  3. ^ "Goldspot herring (Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus) - Species Profile".
  • Pamela J. Schofield. 2017. Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL.
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Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus: Brief Summary ( İngilizce )

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Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus, also known as the bluestripe herring, is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Clupeidae. It is widespread in the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean. Other names for the species include goldspot sardine and fourspot herring. It can grow to a maximum standard length 25 cm (9.8 in), although its typical length is less than half of that.

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Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus ( Baskça )

wikipedia EU tarafından sağlandı

Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus Herklotsichthys generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Clupeidae familian sailkatzen da.

Banaketa

Espezie hau Agulhasko itsaslasterran aurki daiteke.

Erreferentziak

  1. ↑ Froese, Rainer & Pauly, Daniel ed. (2006), Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus FishBase webgunean. 2006ko apirilaren bertsioa.

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus: Brief Summary ( Baskça )

wikipedia EU tarafından sağlandı

Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus Herklotsichthys generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Clupeidae familian sailkatzen da.

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Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus ( Felemenkçe; Flemish )

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Vissen

Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus is een straalvinnige vissensoort uit de familie van haringen (Clupeidae).[1] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1837 door Rüppell.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  1. ↑ (en) Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus. FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. 10 2011 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2011.
Geplaatst op:
22-10-2011
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藍帶似青鱗魚 ( Çince )

wikipedia 中文维基百科 tarafından sağlandı
二名法 Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus
Rüppell,1837)[1]

藍帶似青鱗魚，又稱四點青鱗魚、四斑沙丁魚，俗名青鱗仔、鰮仔、扁仔，為輻鰭魚綱鯡形目鯡科的其中一種。該物種的模式產地在紅海。[1]

分布

本魚分布於印度西太平洋區，包括東非、馬達加斯加、模里西斯、塞席爾群島、紅海、波斯灣、馬爾地夫、斯里蘭卡、印度、孟加拉灣、緬甸、泰國、越南、印尼、馬來西亞、日本、中國、台灣、菲律賓、新幾內亞、澳洲、所羅門群島、馬紹爾群島、密克羅尼西亞、馬里亞納群島、帛琉、夏威夷群島、諾魯、斐濟群島、吐瓦魯等海域。

深度

水深0~10公尺。

特徵

本魚上頜骨的下部較上部為長；臀鰭最後二鰭條不變得粗大，與最後第三鰭條同長。尾鰭後端，背鰭前端為淺污色。額頂紋線稀少，只有3~6條。背鰭有軟條17~19枚；臀鰭有軟條16~19枚。體長可達15公分。

生態

主要以浮游生物為主食。產卵期約在春季，最遲不超過五、六月，此時在沿岸皆可發現其蹤跡。

經濟利用

食用魚，適合油炸後食用。

參考資料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 中国科学院动物研究所. 四斑沙丁鱼. 《中国动物物种编目数据库》. 中国科学院微生物研究所. [2009-04-11]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-05）.
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藍帶似青鱗魚: Brief Summary ( Çince )

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藍帶似青鱗魚，又稱四點青鱗魚、四斑沙丁魚，俗名青鱗仔、鰮仔、扁仔，為輻鰭魚綱鯡形目鯡科的其中一種。該物種的模式產地在紅海。

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Description ( İngilizce )

World Register of Marine Species tarafından sağlandı
Forms schools near mangroves, shallow coastal bays and lagoons during the day and moves further offshore into deeper water by night. Feeding occurs mainly at night on zooplankton, chiefly copepods by juveniles, and as adults, on larger prey organisms (chaetognaths, polychaetes, shrimps and small fishes). Breeds during its first year and probably survives only a few months after maturity. Marketed fresh and dried salted.

Referans

Froese, R. & D. Pauly (Editors). (2023). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. version (02/2023).

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