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Distribution ( İngilizce )

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Continent: Near-East Asia
Distribution: Indian Ocean (Persian Gulf, Iran, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Myanmar (= Burma), Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines: Visayan Sea, Panay etc.), Japan, Sri Lanka, Solomon Islands [McCoy 2000], South China sea (incl. Hainan), East China Sea (incl. Taiwan), Coastal regions of Shandong and Liaoning (China), Vietnam, Coasts of Persian Gulf (Oman, United Arab Emirates), east through South Asia Indonesia (Java, Aru Islands), New Guinea, Korea
Type locality: œCoromandel
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Common Names ( İngilizce )

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Annulated sea snake

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Distribution ( İngilizce )

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Persian Gulf eastward through southeastern Asia to Taiwan and Japan, the Philippines, and the Indo-Australian Archipelago.

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Notes ( İngilizce )

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Holotype: BMNH 1946.1.9.23 (formerly BMNH 1896 3.25.6)

Type-locality: Sunderbunds, Bengal

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Vodnář modroskvrnný ( Çekçe )

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Vodnář modroskvrnný (Hydrophis cyanocinctus) je jedovatý mořský had. Má z boku zploštělé až 2 m dlouhé tělo, které se od hlavy rozšiřuje až po veslovitý ocas. Tento tvar je pro plavání vlnovitým pohybem mimořádně výhodný. Dýchá vzduch, ale na jedno nadechnutí vydrží pod vodou až 2 hodiny. Nozdry má umístěny na horní straně čenichu a pod vodou je zavírají měkké záklopky. Svaly potřebné pro pohyb na souši těmto hadům zakrněly, takže na souši jsou zcela bezmocní již metr od břehu. Vodnář modroskvrnný se jako všichni mořští hadi živí rybami a má velmi účinný jed.

Na rozdíl od jiných mořských hadů, vlnožilů, kteří vylézají na souš klást vejce, rodí vodnáři v moři živá mláďata. V jednom vrhu jich je 2 až 6.

Vyskytují se v Perském zálivu, Indickém oceánu a Tichém oceánu po Japonsko.

Reference

  1. Červený seznam IUCN 2018.1. 5. července 2018. Dostupné online. [cit. 2018-08-10]

Externí odkazy

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Vodnář modroskvrnný: Brief Summary ( Çekçe )

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Vodnář modroskvrnný (Hydrophis cyanocinctus) je jedovatý mořský had. Má z boku zploštělé až 2 m dlouhé tělo, které se od hlavy rozšiřuje až po veslovitý ocas. Tento tvar je pro plavání vlnovitým pohybem mimořádně výhodný. Dýchá vzduch, ale na jedno nadechnutí vydrží pod vodou až 2 hodiny. Nozdry má umístěny na horní straně čenichu a pod vodou je zavírají měkké záklopky. Svaly potřebné pro pohyb na souši těmto hadům zakrněly, takže na souši jsou zcela bezmocní již metr od břehu. Vodnář modroskvrnný se jako všichni mořští hadi živí rybami a má velmi účinný jed.

Na rozdíl od jiných mořských hadů, vlnožilů, kteří vylézají na souš klást vejce, rodí vodnáři v moři živá mláďata. V jednom vrhu jich je 2 až 6.

Vyskytují se v Perském zálivu, Indickém oceánu a Tichém oceánu po Japonsko.

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Streifenruderschlange ( Almanca )

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Die Streifenruderschlange (Hydrophis cyanocinctus) zählt innerhalb der Familie der Giftnattern (Elapidae) zu den Seeschlangen.

Beschreibung

Die Streifenruderschlange erreicht eine Länge von maximal 200 cm, meistens zwischen 130 und 160 cm. Die Grundfarbe ist ein helles weiß bis grau, von Kopf bis zur abgeflachten, ruderartigen Schwanzspitze sind dunkel-blaue Querstreifen zu sehen. Im Oberkiefer der sehr giftigen Schlange befinden sich zwei festsitzende ca. einen Zentimeter lange Giftzähne. Der Kopf setzt sich nur schwach vom Körper ab und ist recht klein im Vergleich zu Körper. Die Streifenruderschlange besitzt ein sehr potentes Schlangengift, Bissunfälle beim Ausleeren von Fischernetzen haben ernste Folgen und können tödlich enden.

Verbreitung

Die Streifenruderschlange hat ein großes Verbreitungsgebiet. Sie kommt im Persischen Golf, im Indischen Ozean und im Pazifik bis nach Japan vor. Sie gehört zu den Seeschlangen, welche in Küstengewässern leben. Dort geht sie zwischen Felsen oder Korallen auf Jagd nach kleineren Fischen, insbesondere Aalartigen.

Schutzstatus

Hydrophis cyanocinctus ist im Anhang D der EU-Artenschutzverordnung gelistet.

Literatur

Weblinks

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Streifenruderschlange: Brief Summary ( Almanca )

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Die Streifenruderschlange (Hydrophis cyanocinctus) zählt innerhalb der Familie der Giftnattern (Elapidae) zu den Seeschlangen.

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Hydrophis cyanocinctus ( İngilizce )

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Hydrophis cyanocinctus, commonly called the annulated sea snake or the blue-banded sea snake, is a species of venomous sea snake in the family Elapidae.[2]

Description

Head moderate. Diameter of eye less than its distance from the mouth in the adult. Rostral slightly more broad than deep. Nasals shorter than the frontal, more than twice as long as the suture between the prefrontals. Prefrontals usually in contact with the second upper labial. Frontal more long than broad, as long as its distance from the rostral or the tip of the snout. One preocular and two postoculars. Two superposed anterior temporals. Seven or eight upper labials; third, fourth, and usually fifth entering the eye. Both pairs of chin-shields in contact, or posterior pair separated by one scale.

Body long. Dorsal scales subimbricate, keeled or with two or three tubercles, in 39-45 rows (27-33 anteriorly). Ventrals 281–385, smooth or with two or more tubercles.

Greenish-olive above, with blackish or olive transverse bars or annuli, broadest on the back, sometimes connected by a black band along the belly; or yellowish, with a black vertebral band and a few black bars on the neck.

Length of head and body 1360 mm; tail 140 mm.[3]

In a 2019 study it has been found it uses a complex system of blood vessels in its head called, the Modified Cephalic Vascular Network (MCVN) which is an adaptation that helps provide the brain with extra oxygen when submerged.[4]

Distribution

Found in the Indian Ocean (From the Persian Gulf, Iran, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines: Visayan Sea, Panay) and the marine waters around Korea, Japan, Solomon Islands, South China Sea (including Hainan), East China Sea (including Taiwan), coastal regions of Shandong and Liaoning (China) coasts of Persian Gulf (Oman, United Arab Emirates), east through South Asia until New Guinea. It is also reported from Brunei[5]

H. cyanocinctus

Behavior

Hydrophis cyanocinctus inhabits shallow coastal waters. It is often accidentally caught by prawn trawlers.[6]

Diet

It feeds on marine invertebrates and also on various groups of fish such as eels and gobies.[7]

Reproduction

This species is ovoviviparous. The young are born alive in broods of 3–16. The newborns are about 38 centimetres (15 in) long.[7]

Antimicrobial Peptide

Vipericidin, a protein of 187 amino acids synthesized by H. cyanocinctus, is the precursor of a cathelicidin, a type of antimicrobial peptide (AMP). The peptide, Hc-CATH, consists of 30 amino acids derived from cleavage of vipericidin.[8] Hc-CATH mainly assumes an amphipathic alpha-helical conformation typical of vertebrate AMPs, with the hydrophobic amino acids concentrated on one side of the helix and the hydrophilic cationic amino acids on the other; this conformation is universal for cationic linear AMPs. The high positive charge and the typical amphipathic alpha-helical conformation of Hc-CATH may be responsible for its potent antimicrobial activity.

Hc-CATH is apparently present in the venom gland, spleen, lung, and skin. Gene-encoded AMPs represent the main component of an innate immune system that protects snakes from microbial infections. Sea snakes inhabit an ecological niche that differs from that of terrestrial snakes, and encounter distinct pathogens. The innate immune system of sea snakes apparently enables them to resist both terrestrial and marine pathogens.

References

  1. ^ The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.
  2. ^ "Hydrophis". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 7 September 2007.
  3. ^ Rooij, Nelly de. 1915. The reptiles of the Indo-Australian archipelago. Leiden.
  4. ^ Palci, Alessandro; Seymour, Roger S.; Van Nguyen, Cao; Hutchinson, Mark N.; Lee, Michael S. Y.; Sanders, Kate L. (2019). "Novel vascular plexus in the head of a sea snake (Elapidae, Hydrophiinae) revealed by high-resolution computed tomography and histology". Royal Society Open Science. 6 (9): 191099. Bibcode:2019RSOS....691099P. doi:10.1098/rsos.191099. PMC 6774945. PMID 31598325.
  5. ^ "WCH Clinical Toxinology Resources".
  6. ^ Das, Indraneil. 2006. A Photographic Guide to Snakes and Other Reptiles of Borneo. Ralph Curtis Publishing. Sanibel Island. Florida. p. 67.
  7. ^ a b Das, 2006.
  8. ^ Wei, Lin; Gao, Jiuxiang; Zhang, Shumin; Wu, Sijin; Xie, Zeping; Ling, Guiying; Kuang, Yi-Qun; Yang, Yongliang; Yu, Haining; Wang, Yipeng (2015). "Identification and Characterization of the First Cathelicidin from Sea Snakes with Potent Antimicrobial and Anti-inflammatory Activity and Special Mechanism". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 290 (27): 16653–16652. doi:10.1074/jbc.M115.642645. PMC 4505416. PMID 26013823.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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Hydrophis cyanocinctus: Brief Summary ( İngilizce )

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Hydrophis cyanocinctus, commonly called the annulated sea snake or the blue-banded sea snake, is a species of venomous sea snake in the family Elapidae.

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Hydrophis cyanocinctus ( Baskça )

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Hydrophis cyanocinctus: Brief Summary ( Baskça )

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Hydrophis cyanocinctus Hydrophis generoko animalia da. Narrastien barruko Hydrophiidae familian sailkatuta dago.

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Hydrophis cyanocinctus ( Fransızca )

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Hydrophis cyanocinctus ou Hydrophide à bandes bleues est une espèce de serpents marins de la famille des Elapidae[1]. Il représente un réel danger pour les êtres humains.

Répartition

Cette espèce se rencontre dans le nord de l'océan Indien et l'Ouest du océan Pacifique dans les eaux des Émirats arabes unis, du Sultanat d'Oman, de l'Iran, du Pakistan, de l'Inde, du Sri Lanka, du Bangladesh, de la Birmanie, de la Thaïlande, de la Malaisie, du Viêt Nam, de la Chine, de Taïwan, du Japon, de Corée, des Philippines, de l'Indonésie, de la Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée et des Salomon[1].

Elle vit dans les mangroves, les eaux peu profondes et traverse les bancs de sable des estuaires.

Description

 src=
Tête d'Hydrophis cyanocinctus

Hydrophis cyanocinctus[2] mesure jusqu'à 275 cm. Cette espèce[1] présente une coloration variable essentiellement en ce qui concerne les rayures. Sa face dorsale est jaune vert pâle ou grisâtre et sa face ventrale est blanchâtre. Des rayures bleu nuit ou noire peuvent soit :

  • encercler le corps tout en étant plus large sur le dos ;
  • encercler le corps tout en étant de largeur homogène ;
  • plus large sur le dos puis allant en diminuant pour disparaître au niveau des flancs.

Sur la partie postérieure du corps les rayures sont plus larges que l'espace les séparant. Elles ont tendance à devenir moins marquée avec l'âge.

C'est un serpent marin venimeux[1] qui vit à une profondeur supérieure à 10 m[2]. Il chasse en eaux troubles principalement la nuit et il détecte ses proies avec son détecteur de mouvement plutôt que par la vue. Il se nourrit essentiellement d'anguilles, en particulier d'anguilles de jardins et d'autres poissons longiformes[2] incluant des murènes et de multiples gobies, des poissons grenouilles et aussi de crustacés .

L'hydrophide à bandes bleues est un serpent vivipare : la femelle accouche de 3 à 6 petits serpenteaux mesurant environ 40 cm.

Venin

L'hydrophide à bandes bleues est un serpent dangereux pour l'homme. Il est attiré par la lumière de quais et des bateaux et, chaque année, on dénombre de nombreuses morsures mortelles à son actif[3].

Étymologie

Son nom d'espèce, du latin cyano, « bleu », et cincta, « ceint, qui porte une ceinture », lui a été donné en référence à sa livrée.

Publication originale

  • Daudin, 1803 : Histoire Naturelle, Générale et Particulière des Reptiles; ouvrage faisant suit à l'Histoire naturelle générale et particulière, composée par Leclerc de Buffon; et rédigee par C.S. Sonnini, membre de plusieurs sociétés savantes, vol. 7, F. Dufart, Paris, p. 1-436 (texte intégral).

Notes et références

  1. a b c et d Reptarium Reptile Database, consulté lors d'une mise à jour du lien externe
  2. a b et c Rasmussen, 2001 : Sea Snakes. In FAO, 2001 : The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific, vol. 6, Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles, sea turtles, sea snakes and marine mammals, p. 3381-4218, (texte intégral).
  3. Alain Diringer (préf. Marc Taquet), Mammifères marins et reptiles marins de l'océan Indien et du Pacifique, Éditions Orphie, 2020, 272 p. (ISBN 979-10-298-0254-6), Hydrophide à bandes bleues page 214
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Hydrophis cyanocinctus: Brief Summary ( Fransızca )

wikipedia FR tarafından sağlandı

Hydrophis cyanocinctus ou Hydrophide à bandes bleues est une espèce de serpents marins de la famille des Elapidae. Il représente un réel danger pour les êtres humains.

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Hydrophis cyanocinctus ( Vietnamca )

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Hydrophis cyanocinctus là một loài rắn trong họ Rắn hổ. Loài này được Daudin mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1803.[2]

Phân bố

Được tìm thấy ở Ấn Độ Dương (Từ Vịnh Ba Tư, Iran, Pakistan, Ấn Độ, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thái Lan, Malaysia, Philippines: Biển Visayan, Panay, vv) và các vùng biển xung quanh Hàn Quốc, Nhật Bản, quần đảo Solomon, Biển Đông (bao gồm cả đảo Hải Nam), biển Hoa Đông (bao gồm cả Đài Loan), vùng ven biển Sơn Đông và Liêu Ninh (Trung Quốc) bờ biển của vịnh Ba Tư (Oman, United Arab Emirates), Đông Nam Á thông qua cho đến New Guinea.

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.
  2. ^ Hydrophis cyanocinctus. The Reptile Database. Truy cập ngày 29 tháng 5 năm 2013.

Tham khảo


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết về họ Rắn hổ này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Hydrophis cyanocinctus: Brief Summary ( Vietnamca )

wikipedia VI tarafından sağlandı

Hydrophis cyanocinctus là một loài rắn trong họ Rắn hổ. Loài này được Daudin mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1803.

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青環海蛇 ( Çince )

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青環海蛇又名艾基特林海蛇(學名:Hydrophis cyanocinctus)是蛇亞目眼鏡蛇科海蛇屬下的一種有毒海蛇,目前未有任何亞種被確認。[3]

 src=
H. cyanocinctus

特徵

青環海蛇有著中型頭部眼睛細小,吻鱗廣闊,鼻端較短。身體以綠色橄欖色為基調,遍體佈滿深色幼紋,背部紋理較為寬闊,腹部位置偶爾也會被黑色體紋所纏繞。頸部有黑色的小幼紋。身體長度約為150公分[4]

地理分布

青環海蛇廣泛出沒於印度洋海域,包括波斯灣伊朗巴基斯坦印度斯里蘭卡孟加拉國緬甸泰國馬來西亞菲律賓群島、韓國日本所羅門群島南中國海(包括海南島)、東中國海(包括台灣)、中國山東遼東沿岸、新畿內亞澳洲等海域。该物种的模式产地在印度。[1]

備註

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 中国科学院动物研究所. 青环海蛇. 《中国动物物种编目数据库》. 中国科学院微生物研究所. [2009-04-11]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-05).
  2. ^ The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.
  3. ^ Hydrophis. Integrated Taxonomic Information System. 2007 [7 September, 2007] (英语). 请检查|access-date=中的日期值 (帮助)
  4. ^ Rooij, Nelly de. 1915. The reptiles of the Indo-Australian archipelago. Leiden.

參考文獻

  • Bussarawitt,S.; Rasmussen, A.R. & Andersen, M. 1989 A preliminary study on sea snakes (Hydrophiidae) from Phuket Harbor, Phuket Island, Thailand. Nat. Hist. Bull. Siam Soc., Bangkok 37 (2): 209-225
  • Murray,J.A. 1887 Three New Species of Hydrophis. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 2: 32-35
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青環海蛇: Brief Summary ( Çince )

wikipedia 中文维基百科 tarafından sağlandı

青環海蛇又名艾基特林海蛇(學名:Hydrophis cyanocinctus)是蛇亞目眼鏡蛇科海蛇屬下的一種有毒海蛇,目前未有任何亞種被確認。

 src= H. cyanocinctus
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マダラウミヘビ ( Japonca )

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マダラウミヘビ マダラウミヘビ 分類 : 動物界 Animalia : 脊索動物門 Chordata 亜門 : 脊椎動物亜門 Vertebrata : 爬虫綱 Reptilia : 有鱗目 Squamata 亜目 : ヘビ亜目 Serpentes : コブラ科 Elapidae 亜科 : ウミヘビ亜科 Hydrophiinae : ウミヘビ属 Hydrophis : マダラウミヘビ
H. cyanocinctus 学名 Hydrophis cyanocinctus
( (Daudin, 1803)) 和名 マダラウミヘビ 英名 Banded sea snake[1]

マダラウミヘビ(斑海蛇、Hydrophis cyanocinctus)は、は、爬虫綱有鱗目コブラ科ウミヘビ属に分類されるヘビ。有毒で、神経毒を持っている[2]

分布[編集]

南西諸島沿岸に分布するが、まれに本州でも見られる。国外には、東アジア沿岸からペルシア湾まで。[1][2]

形態[編集]

全長110-180cm[1][2]、頭胴長は100-170cm[2]

背面は薄黄色ないし黄褐色で、黒色の帯状の模様が横に入る[1][2]

頭部は小型で、鼻孔は背面側に開く。[1][2]また、頭部には黒色の模様が入るが、個体差が大きい。[2]

体鱗列数は胴の中央部で37-47列、腹板は極めて小型で290-390枚、尾下板は37-57枚で交互に入る[2]

クロガシラウミヘビとは、側頭板が二枚であるところ(クロガシラウミヘビはほとんどの個体が側頭板が一枚のみ)[1][2]で区別できる。

生態[編集]

その生態は詳しくは分かっていない[1][2]。主にを食べるとされる[1][2]。性質は荒い[2]

繁殖[編集]

胎生で、仔蛇は一度に3-15程が産まれる[1][2]

人間との関係[編集]

特定動物に指定されている。神経毒を持つ毒蛇であり、比較的荒い性質がある。ことに陸上では攻撃性が増すことが予想され、重大な事故に繋がる危険性がある[2]

参考文献・出典[編集]

[ヘルプ]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i 決定版 日本の両生類爬虫類、平凡社、 著者:内山りゅう、沼田研児、前田憲男 2002年9月1日出版 306頁。
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n 北隆館 原色爬虫類・両生類検索図鑑 著者:高田榮一、大谷勉 2011年6月1日出版 165頁

関連項目[編集]

 src= ウィキメディア・コモンズには、マダラウミヘビに関連するメディアがあります。  src= ウィキスピーシーズにマダラウミヘビに関する情報があります。

外部リンク[編集]

執筆の途中です この項目は、動物に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めていますPortal:生き物と自然プロジェクト:生物)。
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マダラウミヘビ: Brief Summary ( Japonca )

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マダラウミヘビ(斑海蛇、Hydrophis cyanocinctus)は、は、爬虫綱有鱗目コブラ科ウミヘビ属に分類されるヘビ。有毒で、神経毒を持っている。

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얼룩바다뱀 ( Korece )

wikipedia 한국어 위키백과 tarafından sağlandı

얼룩바다뱀(annulated sea snake)은 코브라과 먹대가리바다뱀속의 일종이다. 얼룩바다뱀은 황색 또는 흰색 바탕에 검은색 띠무늬를 가지고 있으며 푸른색을 띠기도 한다. 머리는 검은색 비늘로 덮여 있으며 몸통은 굵고 통통하며 뒷부분으로 갈수록 두껍다. 크기는 보통 전체 길이가 110~180cm이다.[3] 학명은 히드로피스 키아노킨크투스(Hydrophis cyanocinctus). 인도양, 페르시아만, 이란, 파키스탄, 인도, 스리랑카, 방글라데시, 미얀마, 태국, 말레이시아, 필리핀, 파나이섬, 한국, 일본, 솔로몬 제도, 남중국해, 동중국해, 산동반도, 랴오닝, 뉴기니에 이르는 넓은 지역에 분포한다.

각주

  1. 송재영; 장민호; 구교성; 이정현; 이상철; 김병수; 오홍식; 한상훈, 한국산 유린목(파충류)의 분류학적 위치 재정립
  2. 국립생물자원관. “얼룩바다뱀”. 《한반도의 생물다양성》. 대한민국 환경부.
  3. "Hydrophis". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 7 September 2007.
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얼룩바다뱀: Brief Summary ( Korece )

wikipedia 한국어 위키백과 tarafından sağlandı

얼룩바다뱀(annulated sea snake)은 코브라과 먹대가리바다뱀속의 일종이다. 얼룩바다뱀은 황색 또는 흰색 바탕에 검은색 띠무늬를 가지고 있으며 푸른색을 띠기도 한다. 머리는 검은색 비늘로 덮여 있으며 몸통은 굵고 통통하며 뒷부분으로 갈수록 두껍다. 크기는 보통 전체 길이가 110~180cm이다. 학명은 히드로피스 키아노킨크투스(Hydrophis cyanocinctus). 인도양, 페르시아만, 이란, 파키스탄, 인도, 스리랑카, 방글라데시, 미얀마, 태국, 말레이시아, 필리핀, 파나이섬, 한국, 일본, 솔로몬 제도, 남중국해, 동중국해, 산동반도, 랴오닝, 뉴기니에 이르는 넓은 지역에 분포한다.

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