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Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

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Maximum longevity: 5.8 years (captivity) Observations: Not much is known about the longevity of this species, though one captive specimen lived to 5.8 years (http://www.pondturtle.com/). Maximum longevity could be considerably underestimated, though.
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Conservation Status ( İngilizce )

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The Javan wart snake is becoming increasingly rare. This is indicated by the fact that they are now seldom offered for sale. One reason for their scarcity is that they have been captured in large numbers because their skin is used for making leather goods. The other reason is that an effective and successful method of breeding is still not availiable yet.

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern

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Chiu, K. 1999. "Acrochordus javanicus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Acrochordus_javanicus.html
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Kenneth Chiu, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Morphology ( İngilizce )

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The Javan wart snake has a muscular body and the male grows up to a length of five feet. The female is usually bigger and more powerfully built, with a length of up to eight feet. The top side of the snake's body is brown in color, and its sides and belly are pale yellow. The skin of the Javan wart snake is loose and baggy, with small rough scales. The scales are formed adjacent to each other and they do not overlap. On each scale, there is a sharp triangular ridge. The ventral scales of this snake are of the same size and shape as the other scales, unlike other types of snakes that often have enlarged ventral scales.

The shape of the snake's snouted head is flat and broad, with nostrils located at the top side of its head, giving this snake a boa-like appearance, although the width of the snake's trunk is identical to its head. The snake also has a short and mobile tail.

Range mass: 3 to 10 kg.

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Chiu, K. 1999. "Acrochordus javanicus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Acrochordus_javanicus.html
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Kenneth Chiu, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Life Expectancy ( İngilizce )

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Average lifespan
Status: captivity:
4.1 years.

Average lifespan
Status: captivity:
5.8 years.

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Chiu, K. 1999. "Acrochordus javanicus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Acrochordus_javanicus.html
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Kenneth Chiu, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Habitat ( İngilizce )

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The Javan wart snake lives in the brackish zone of rivers, streams, and estuaries, and it sometimes swims short distances into the sea. It is also found near washed out banks.

Aquatic Biomes: lakes and ponds; rivers and streams; coastal

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Chiu, K. 1999. "Acrochordus javanicus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Acrochordus_javanicus.html
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Kenneth Chiu, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Distribution ( İngilizce )

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The Javan wart snake is found on the coastal regions of India and Ceylon, and also across the Indo-Australian islands as far as the Solomons. It originated in India.

Biogeographic Regions: oriental (Native ); australian (Native )

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Chiu, K. 1999. "Acrochordus javanicus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Acrochordus_javanicus.html
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Kenneth Chiu, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Trophic Strategy ( İngilizce )

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The Javan wart snake is a carnivore. It feeds primarily on fish and other aquatic animals, but will sometimes feed on frogs. An interesting fact about this snake is that it does not bulge after feeding like other snakes do. Its body remains slack all the time because its skin is so loose and baggy.

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Chiu, K. 1999. "Acrochordus javanicus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Acrochordus_javanicus.html
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Kenneth Chiu, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Benefits ( İngilizce )

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Their skin can be processed for manufacturing leather goods.

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Chiu, K. 1999. "Acrochordus javanicus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Acrochordus_javanicus.html
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Kenneth Chiu, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Benefits ( İngilizce )

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They are easily aggravated. Although they are not venomous, their recurved teeth break off easily and are left inside one's flesh if a person is being bitten, thus creating unpleasant wounds.

Negative Impacts: injures humans (bites or stings)

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Chiu, K. 1999. "Acrochordus javanicus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Acrochordus_javanicus.html
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Kenneth Chiu, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Reproduction ( İngilizce )

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The Javan wart snake bears live young, about 20 to 30 offspring at one time. It has amniotic eggs, which are retained in the oviducts of the snake and are fertilized internally. The young snakes are semi-terrestrial, until their baggy skin is fully developed. This is because the baggy skin restricts them from moving efficiently on land. Besides a difference in size, the young can also be distinguished by the irregular, longitudinal blotches on their skin. These blotches fade over time, and eventually disappear when the adult stage is reached.

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Chiu, K. 1999. "Acrochordus javanicus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Acrochordus_javanicus.html
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Kenneth Chiu, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Brief Summary ( İngilizce )

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The three extant Acrochordus species (the only three species included in the family Acrochordidae) exhibit differences in their ecology, scalation, and anatomy. Acrochordus javanicus are large and heavy-bodied (exceeding 10 kg and 2 m total length) and are found in freshwater (and sometimes brackish) habitats in southern Thailand, Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, and Kalimantan, where they are harvested on a large scale for the reptile skin trade. A similar species, Acrochordus arafurae, was not recognised as a species distinct from A. javanicus until the late 1970s. Acrochordus arafurae have a similar total length as A. javanicus, but are much less heavy-bodied, being nearly half as heavy at the same snout-vent length. Acrochordus arafurae occurs in exclusively freshwater habitats of northern Australia and southern New Guinea.

(Sanders et al. 2010 and references therein)

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Leo Shapiro
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Distribution ( İngilizce )

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Continent: Asia
Distribution: Indonesia (Borneo, Java, Kalimantan, Sumatra; exact range in eastern Indonesia unknown); Cambodia; Malaysia (Malaya and East Malaysia); Singapore (?); New Guinea ?, Thailand; Vietnam.
Type locality: Java
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Peter Uetz
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Bradavičník jávský ( Çekçe )

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Bradavičník jávský (Acrochordus javanicus) je největší zástupce čeledi bradavičníkovitých. Je to vodní had, který jen zřídka leze na souš.

Popis

Bradavičník jávský dorůstá délky až 250 centimetrů. Má drobné šupiny, které se nepřekrývají a jsou poměrně drsné. Jejich kůže je poměrně volná, což v kombinaci s drsnými šupinami pomáhá při lovu ryb, kterými se bradavičník živí. Had může dosáhnout hmotnosti až 10 kilogramů. Jejich zbarvení je různorodé, od odstínů hnědé až po béžové s nepravidelnými skvrnami. Břicho mají světlejší. Má poměrně krátkou hlavu a nevýrazný krk. Oči jsou postavené spíše nahoře, aby mohl být ponořený a vidět nad hladinu. Jejich čelisti nejsou srostlé, mezičelist však není ozubená. Dolní čelist je pevná.

Rozšíření

Tito hadi se vyskytují v jižní Indii, Číně, Indonésii (ostrovy Sumatra, Jáva a Borneo), Vietnamu, Kambodži, Myanmaru, Thajsku, Malajsii, Singapuru až po Šalamounovy ostrovy. Obývá ústí řek a brakické vody, občas je však chycen i v moři. Sladké vodě se nevyhýbá a proniká i proti proudu řek a potoků a vyskytuje se i v několika jezerech v oblasti.

Způsob života

Bradavičník jávský je skutečně vodní had, který na břeh vystupuje jen zřídka. Samice rodí živá mláďata, která však žijí na souši. Jejich počet může dosáhnout až 50 kusů, většinou však jen 30. Navíc se páří jen jednou za 3 až 8 let, což způsobuje, že se tito hadi stávají stále ohroženějšími. Jejich stravu tvoří především ryby, proto mají dlouhé a ostré zuby, které dokáží způsobit nepříjemné zranění, ač nejsou jedovatí. Navíc to jsou poměrně agresivní a silní hadi. Při lovu se ocasem přidržují vodního rostlinstva a splývají s proudem vody. Podobným způsobem i odpočívají. Pod vodou vydrží až půl hodiny na jedno nadechnutí, na které jim stačí pouhých 10 sekund. Aktivní jsou hlavně v noci. V zajetí se rozmnožuje velice zřídka.

Reference

  1. Červený seznam IUCN 2018.1. 5. července 2018. Dostupné online. [cit. 2018-08-09]

Externí odkazy

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Bradavičník jávský: Brief Summary ( Çekçe )

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Bradavičník jávský (Acrochordus javanicus) je největší zástupce čeledi bradavičníkovitých. Je to vodní had, který jen zřídka leze na souš.

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Elephant trunk snake ( İngilizce )

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The elephant trunk snake or the Javan file snake (Acrochordus javanicus), is a species of snake in the family Acrochordidae, a family which represents a group of primitive non-venomous aquatic snakes.

Description

The elephant trunk snake possesses a wide and flat head, and its nostrils are situated on the top of the snout. Those head particularities confer to A. javanicus a certain resemblance with boas. However, its head is only as wide as its body. Females are bigger than males, and the maximum total length (including tail) of an individual is 2.4 m (94 in). The dorsal side of the snake's body is brown, and its ventral side is pale yellow.[2]

The skin is baggy and loose[3] giving the impression that it is too big for the animal. The skin is covered with small rough adjacent scales. The skin is also used in the tannery industry.[1][2]

The top of the head has no large shields, but instead is covered with very small granular scales. There are no ventral scales. The body scales are in about 120 rows around the body. The body is stout, and the tail is short and prehensile.[4]

The elephant trunk snake is fully adapted to live underwater so much that its body cannot support its weight out of water and leaving the water can cause it serious injury.

Reproduction

An aquatic snake, the elephant trunk snake is ovoviviparous, with the incubation lasting 5 to 6 months and the female expelling 6 to 17 young.[1]

Geographic range

The elephant trunk snake is found in South-East Asia west of the Wallace Line:[1] southern Thailand, the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo (Kalimantan, Sarawak), a number of Indonesian islands (Java, Sumatra, and (possibly) Bali);[1][5] possibly also in Cambodia[6] and Vietnam,[5][6] although the last is discredited by the IUCN.[1]

Habitat

The elephant trunk snake has a coastal living habitat like rivers, estuaries and lagoons. But it prefers freshwater and brackish environments.[2]

Feeding

The elephant trunk snake is an ambush predator that preys on fishes and amphibians. It usually catches its prey by folding its body firmly around the prey. Its loose, baggy skin and its sharp scales find their utility by limiting any risk of escape of the prey, in particular fishes which have bodies covered with a viscous, protective mucus.[2]

Behaviour

The elephant trunk snake is nocturnal. It spends most of its life under water and rarely goes on land. It can stay under water for up to 40 minutes.[2]

Original publication

  • Hornstedt CF (1787). "Beskrifning på en Ny Orm från Java ". Kongl. Vetenskaps Akademiens Handlingar 4: 306-308 + Plate XII. (Acrochordus javanicus, new species). (in Latin and Swedish).

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Sanders, K.; Grismer, L.; Chan-Ard, T. (2012). "Acrochordus javanicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012: e.T176718A1443749. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T176718A1443749.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d e Chiu K (1999). "Acrochordus javanicus Javan File Snake, Elephant Trunk Snake". Animal Diversity Web.
  3. ^ Durso, Andrew (30 August 2014). "Filesnakes, Wartsnakes, or Elephant Trunksnakes". Life is Short, but Snakes are Long. Retrieved 27 February 2016.
  4. ^ Boulenger GA (1893). Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume I., Containing the Families Typhlopidæ, Glauconiidæ, Boidæ, Ilysiidæ, Uropeltidæ, Xenopeltidæ, and Colubridæ Aglyphæ, part. London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiii + 448 pp. + Plates I-XXVIII. (Genus Acrochordus and species A. javanicus, p. 173).
  5. ^ a b Wallach, Van; Williams, Kenneth L.; Boundy, Jeff (22 April 2014). Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. CRC Press. pp. 6–7. ISBN 978-1-4822-0848-1.
  6. ^ a b Acrochordus javanicus at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 27 February 2016.

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Elephant trunk snake: Brief Summary ( İngilizce )

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The elephant trunk snake or the Javan file snake (Acrochordus javanicus), is a species of snake in the family Acrochordidae, a family which represents a group of primitive non-venomous aquatic snakes.

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Acrochordus javanicus ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

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Acrochordus javanicus, generalmente conocida como la serpiente trompa de elefante o serpiente tiburón de Java, es una especie de ofidio que pertenece a la familia Acrochordidae, la cual representa un grupo primitivo de serpientes acuáticas no venenosas. También se le conserva como mascota exótica.

Descripción

Acrochordus javanicus posee una cabeza ancha y plana, las narinas están situadas en la parte superior del hocico, el cual es corto. Estas particularidades en la cabeza le confieren gran semejanza con las boas. La cabeza es tan ancha como el cuerpo. Las hembras presentan tamaño mayor a los machos y su longitud máxima es de 240 cm. El lado dorsal del cuerpo de la serpiente es marrón y amarillo pálido a los flancos.[2]

El aspecto que es muy característico en estas especies de serpiente es su aspecto, como una bolsa blanda que se distiende solo por la introducción de alimento. Su tronco es musculoso y la cola prensil, corta y móvil.[3]​ Sus escamas son verrugosas y acuñadas, por lo que la piel es áspera (de ahí el nombre "serpiente tiburón"). Su piel era apreciada en peletería, por lo que ha provocado una disminución en su número.[4][2]

Estas serpientes están adaptadas para vivir en ambientes acuáticos de una manera tal que su cuerpo no puede apoyar su peso fuera de agua y al dejarlas mucho tiempo fuera del agua pueden sufrir daños en su musculatura o esqueleto. Las serpientes del género Acrocordus son ovovivíparas: la incubación dura de 5 a 6 meses y la hembra pare de 6 a 17 crías.[4]

Distribución

Acrochordus javanicus se encuentra el suroeste de Asia, al este de la Línea de Wallace: Tailandia del sur, la costa oeste de Malasia Peninsular, Singapur, Borneo (Kalimantan, Sarawak), un número de islas indonesias (Java, Sumatra, y (posiblemente) Bali); posiblemente también en Camboya[5]​ y Vietnam, a pesar de que el último está desacreditado por el IUCN.[4][4][6][6][5][4]

Hábitat

Acrochordus javanicus se encuentra en hábitats costeros como los ríos, estuarios y lagunas. Pero prefiere entornos de agua dulce y salobres.[2]​ Esta especie se puede criar en cautiverio. Requiere un acuario limpio con una profundidad mínima de 1 m, con fondo de grava y piedras dispuestas a manera de que la serpiente pueda utilizarla de escondrijo. La temperatura óptima está comprendida entre 25 y 28°C. Se nutre sobre todo de peces vivos.[7]

Alimentación

Acrochordus javanicus es un depredador que embosca a sus presas, las cuales están constituidas principalmente por peces, patos y ocasionalmente por anfibios.[2]

Comportamiento

Acrochordus javanicus es una especie de hábitos nocturnos. Pasa la mayoría de su vida debajo del agua y raramente sale a tierra. Se puede quedar debajo del agua hasta 40 minutos.[2]​ Es un reptil muy agresivo y puede causar heridas desagradables con sus dientes afilados y curvados hacia adentro. A menudo, después de morder, deja enclavada en la musculatura de la víctima la parte terminal de sus dientes, que se rompen con facilidad.[7]

Publicación original

  • Hornstedt, 1787 : Beschryving van een nieuwe slang van Java. Kungliga Svenska vetenskapsakademiens handlingar, vol. 4, p. 307.

Referencias

  1. Sepkoski, Jack (2002). «A compendium of géneros de animales marinos (Reptilia entry)». Bulletins of American Paleontology 364: p.560. Archivado desde el original el 2 de agosto de 2007. Consultado el 25 de diciembre de 2007.
  2. a b c d e Chiu, K. (1999). «Acrochordus javanicus Javan File Snake, Elephant Trunk Snake». Animal Diversity Web.
  3. Durso, Andrew (30 de agosto de 2014). «Filesnakes, Wartsnakes, or Elephant Trunksnakes». Life is Short, but Snakes are Long. Consultado el 27 de febrero de 2016.
  4. a b c d e "Acrochordus javanicus".
  5. a b Uetz, P. & Jirí Hošek (ed.). «Acrochordus javanicus». Reptile Database (en inglés). Reptarium.
  6. a b Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. CRC Press. 22 de abril de 2014. pp. 6-7. ISBN 978-1-4822-0848-1.
  7. a b ENCICLOPEDIA DEL REINO ANIMAL. MEXICO: PROMEXA. 1985. p. 166. ISBN 968-34-0402-2.
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Acrochordus javanicus: Brief Summary ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

wikipedia ES tarafından sağlandı

Acrochordus javanicus, generalmente conocida como la serpiente trompa de elefante o serpiente tiburón de Java, es una especie de ofidio que pertenece a la familia Acrochordidae, la cual representa un grupo primitivo de serpientes acuáticas no venenosas. También se le conserva como mascota exótica.

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Jaava tüügasmadu ( Estonyaca )

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Jaava tüügasmadu[2] (Acrochordus javanicus) on maoliik tüügasmadulaste sugukonnast. Nad elavad mage- ja riimvees.[1]

Nomenklatuur, taksonoomia ja süstemaatika

Liigi esmakirjeldaja on Clas Fredrik Hornstedt (1787).

Et maol olid tavaliste soomuste, kilbiste, rõngaste või kortsude asemel kogu kerel ja sabal tüügasjad soomused, mida Hornstedt soomusteks ei pidanud, ning kõhukilbised puudusid, paigutas ta selle omaette perekonda, millele ta andis karedate soomuste järgi nimeks Acrochordus.

Liigiepiteet javanicus märgib Jaava saart, millelt madu leiti.

Jaava tüügasmadu on tüügasmao perekonna tüüpliik.

Kuni 1979 aastani klassifitseeriti ka tüügasmadu Acrochordus arafurae jaava tüügasmaona.[3]

Avastamislugu

Hornstedt kirjutab nii: "Oma viibimise ajal Jaava saarel aastatel 1783 ja 1784 oli mul heameel avastada ühel reisil Bantamist üks suurimatest madudest, kes Indias elab, kes on seni tähelepanelike loodusuurijate vaatluse alt välja jäänud. See leiti suurest piprametsast Tangaranist. Üks hiinlane meie reisiseltskonnast viis ta elusana Bataviasse bambustoruga, mille lõhesse mahtus kogu mao kukal. Et madu oli piirituses säilitamiseks liiga suur, lasksin ma naha ära võtta, mao liha tükeldasid kohal viibivad hiinlased, kes keetsid ja praadisid maitsvateks roogadeks, nahk pandi arrakisse, ja seda hoitakse nüüd Tema Kuningliku Majesteedi hinnaliste kogude seas. Lahkamisel leiti peale paljude valmimata viljade viis pooleteise kvarteri [umbes 20 cm] pikkust poega, kes tõenäoliselt olid selle emase mao paksu kõhu põhjuseks.

Kuigi see madu nägi välja igati nii nagu teisedki maod tavaliselt, tundus ta mulle siiski kohe täiesti iseäralik, sest ma ei leidnud tal mitte ainustki soomust (Scutae & scalae) kõhu alt ja tagant, mis on ainus, millega see paljas Looja sugu on varustatud, et ta saaks kiiresti ühest kohast teise liikuda, ning mis moodustavad varem tuntud madude soo tunnused; ma leidsin ka, et ta oli ilma nende rõngaste ja kortsudeta (annuli & rugae), mille järgi tuntakse ära kaht viimast perekonda madude seas Linné süsteemis. Kohas, kus teistel madudel on sile ja libe nahk, oli see madu üleni kaetud tüügastega, mis olid karedad ja katsid nii üla- kui alapoole. Arvestades seda ei saanud teda arvata ühtegi varem tuntud madude perekonda, vaid ta moodustab omaette perekonna, mille ma nimetan Acrochordus ja mille kirjeldus mul oli au esitada Kuninglikule Teaduste Akadeemiale.

ACROHORDUS: Kere ja saba tüükad. Javanicus. Acrochordus. Tab. XII. PEA lühike [truncatum], madal [depressum], soomuseline. Lõualuud (Maxillae) võrdsed: ülemine all ääreta. Alumine kõver. Silmad eespool pea keskosa, külgmised. Vikerkest sinine. Sõõrmed ümmargused, väikesed, lähestikku näo tipu kohal. Kõrvaava kere kohta väike. Surmavaid hambaid ei ole. Hambakesed mõlemas lõualuus, naaskeljad, väga teravad, tagasi pööratud. 2 pikiluukest suulaes, pisikeste hambakestega. Keel paks, silindriline, neelu kinnitatud. Jõhve kaks, teravad, painduvad, mustad, kulgevad keele alt. KERE tüükaline (ilma kilbiste, soomuste, rõngaste ja kortsudeta) väga paksu saba kõrval, pärakust peani peenike. Pärakuava väike. SABA ümar, väga kitsas äralõigatud tipuga. TÜÜKAD karedad, eesküljest kolmeribilised, katavad kogu kere ja saba. SUURUS: Kere pikkus 8 Rootsi jalga, saba pikkus 1 jalg. Kaela paksus 6 tolli, suurim paksus 10 tolli, saba paksus alusel 1 1/2 tolli, lõpus väikese sõrme paksus. VÄRVUS: Kere ülalt must, alt valkjas, küljed valkjad mustade tähnidega. KOHT Linné süsteemis perekond enne Amphisbaenae."

Viited

  1. 1,0 1,1 Sanders, K., Grismer, L. & Chan-Ard, T. (2012). Acrochordus javanicus. IUCNi punase nimistu ohustatud liigid. IUCN 2013.1.
  2. "Loomade elu", 5:268
  3. Michael Cermak, Snakes of Australia, lk 38, 2009, CSIRO Publishing, ISBN 978-0643095946, Google'i raamatu veebiversioon vaadatud (12.11.2013) (inglise keeles)

Kirjandus

Välislingid

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Jaava tüügasmadu: Brief Summary ( Estonyaca )

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Jaava tüügasmadu (Acrochordus javanicus) on maoliik tüügasmadulaste sugukonnast. Nad elavad mage- ja riimvees.

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Acrochordus javanicus ( Baskça )

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Acrochordus javanicus: Brief Summary ( Baskça )

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Acrochordus javanicus Acrochordus generoko animalia da. Narrastien barruko Acrochordidae familian sailkatuta dago.

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Jaavankäsnäkäärme ( Fince )

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Jaavankäsnäkäärme (Acrochordus javanicus) on käsnäkäärmeiden heimoon kuuluva käärmelaji. Sitä tavataan Thaimaasta, Länsi-Malesiasta, Borneosta (Kalimantan, Sarawak), Indonesiasta (Jaavasta ja Sumatrasta, mahdollisesti myös Balista).[1] Se elää jokisuistoissa, lammikoissa ja kanavissa. Jaavankäsnäkäärme voi kasvaa lähes kaksi metriä pitkäksi. Sen ruumis voi olla 30 senttiä paksu; ulkonäkönsä perusteella se on saanut myös nimen norsunkärsäkäärme.[2]

 src=
Säilötty yksilö.

Lähteet

  1. a b Sanders, K., Grismer, L. & Chan-Ard, T.: Acrochordus javanicus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.1. 2012. International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, Iucnredlist.org. Viitattu 22.6.2014. (englanniksi)
  2. Palmén, Ernst & Nurminen, Matti (toim.): Eläinten maailma, Otavan iso eläintietosanakirja. 2. Iilimato–Leopardit, s. 834. Helsinki: Otava, 1974. ISBN 951-1-01422-6.
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Jaavankäsnäkäärme: Brief Summary ( Fince )

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Jaavankäsnäkäärme (Acrochordus javanicus) on käsnäkäärmeiden heimoon kuuluva käärmelaji. Sitä tavataan Thaimaasta, Länsi-Malesiasta, Borneosta (Kalimantan, Sarawak), Indonesiasta (Jaavasta ja Sumatrasta, mahdollisesti myös Balista). Se elää jokisuistoissa, lammikoissa ja kanavissa. Jaavankäsnäkäärme voi kasvaa lähes kaksi metriä pitkäksi. Sen ruumis voi olla 30 senttiä paksu; ulkonäkönsä perusteella se on saanut myös nimen norsunkärsäkäärme.

 src= Säilötty yksilö.
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Acrochordus javanicus ( Fransızca )

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Serpent verruqueux

Acrochordus javanicus, ou serpent verruqueux, est une espèce de serpents non-venimeux (aglyphes) de la famille des Acrochordidae qui regroupe des serpents au mode de vie aquatique[1].

Description

 src=
Un spécimen conservé d'Acrochordus javanicus, en 2004.

Acrochordus javanicus possède une tête large et plate, des narines situées sur le dessus du museau. Ce qui lui confère une certaine ressemblance avec les boas. Toutefois, la tête est aussi large que le corps. Les femelles sont plus grosses que les mâles et la taille maximale d'un individu est de 2,4 m. Le dessus du corps est brun et la face ventrale est plus claire[2].

La peau est souple et ample donnant l'impression que cette dernière est trop grande pour l'animal et est couverte d'écailles disjointes. Elle est également utilisée en mégisserie et son cuir porte alors le nom de Karung.

Ces serpents aquatiques sont ovovivipares, l'incubation dure 5 à 6 mois et la femelle expulse de 6 à 17 petits[3].

Répartition

Cette espèce se rencontre dans la zone centrale du Bassin Indo-Pacifique soit plus précisément [1] :

Sa présence est incertaine à Singapour, en Nouvelle-Guinée et dans l'est de l'Indonésie[4].

Habitat

Acrochordus javanicus vit de préférence à proximité du bord des rivières, des estuaires et autres lagunes. Il peut donc vivre autant en eau douce, saumâtre que salée[2].

Alimentation

Acrochordus javanicus chasse à l'affût des poissons et des amphibiens qu'il enserre dans ses anneaux pour les tuer avant de les dévorer. Sa peau flasque avec ses écailles disjointes limite tout risque d'évasion de la proie et ce notamment des poissons dont le corps est couvert d'un mucus protecteur visqueux[2].

Comportement

Acrochordus javanicus a une activité nocturne. Il passe la plus grande partie de son existence dans l'eau et ne va que très rarement à terre. Il peut rester jusqu'à 40 minutes sous l'eau[2].

Publication originale

  • Hornstedt, 1787 : Beschryving van een nieuwe slang van Java. Kungliga Svenska vetenskapsakademiens handlingar, vol. 4, p. 307.

Notes et références

  1. a et b (en) Référence Reptarium Reptile Database : Acrochordus javanicus
  2. a b c et d (en) « Acrochordus javanicus (Javan File Snake, Elephant Trunk Snake) », sur Animal Diversity Web (consulté le 4 septembre 2020).
  3. Tanya Chan-Ard (Thailand Natural History Museum), « The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species », sur IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 29 août 2011 (consulté le 4 septembre 2020).
  4. (en) « Acrochordus javanicus », sur The Reptile Database (consulté le 4 septembre 2020).
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Acrochordus javanicus: Brief Summary ( Fransızca )

wikipedia FR tarafından sağlandı

Serpent verruqueux

Acrochordus javanicus, ou serpent verruqueux, est une espèce de serpents non-venimeux (aglyphes) de la famille des Acrochordidae qui regroupe des serpents au mode de vie aquatique.

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Ular karung ( Endonezce )

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Ular karung atau yang sering disebut ular belalai gajah, adalah sejenis ular air yang endemik di kepulauan Nusantara. Ular ini sekerabat dengan ular kadut (Acrochordus granulatus). Dalam bahasa inggris dikenal dengan nama Elephant trunk snake, sedangkan nama ilmiahnya adalah Acrochordus javanicus (Hornstedt, 1781).[2]

Pengenalan

 src=
Ilustrasi menurut Rooij

Ular ini memiliki bentuk tubuh yag sama dengan ular kadut. Panjang tubuh ular jantan mencapai 1.5 meter, sedangkan panjang tubuh ular betina mencapai 2.9 meter. Tidak seperti ular lain, tubuh ular ini longgar dan dilapisi dengan sisik-sisik yang kasar dan kecil. Kepalanya berwarna kehitaman atau cokelat gelap menyerupai lumpur. Tubuh bagian atas berwarna cokelat lumpur atau cokelat keabu-abuan dan dihiasi dengan bercak-bercak besar dan kecil yang berwarna kehitaman. Tubuh bagian bawah berwarna lebih pucat.[2][3]

Penyebaran dan habitat

Ular karung tersebar di daerah tropis Asia Tenggara, yakni di sebagian besar Indonesia (kecuali pulau-pulau kecil), Malaysia, Thailand, Kamboja, dan Vietnam. Lokalitas jenis: "Jawa, Indonesia".[4]

Habitat utama ular karung adalah perairan dangkal dan berlumpur di sungai, rawa-rawa, kolam, atau muara. Ular ini juga sering ditemui di daerah tambak ikan.[3][5]

Perilaku, makanan, dan reproduksi

Ular kadut aktif pada malam hari dan biasanya berkelana di perairan yang dangkal, karena ular ini harus sering ke permukaan untuk bernapas. Apabila ditaruh di darat, ular ini menjadi tidak berdaya untuk bergerak. Makanan utamanya adalah ikan dan belut. Ular ini terkadang juga memangsa beberapa jenis amfibi.[3][5]

Ular kadut berkembangbiak dengan melahirkan (ovovivipar). Jumlah anak yang dihasilkan sebanyak 18 sampai 48 ekor. Ular yang baru lahir biasanya tinggal di darat atau di luar air untuk sementara waktu. Setelah bertambahnya usia, ular-ular muda tersebut mulai berpindah dan hidup di dalam air seperti induknya.[3]

Referensi


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Ular karung: Brief Summary ( Endonezce )

wikipedia ID tarafından sağlandı

Ular karung atau yang sering disebut ular belalai gajah, adalah sejenis ular air yang endemik di kepulauan Nusantara. Ular ini sekerabat dengan ular kadut (Acrochordus granulatus). Dalam bahasa inggris dikenal dengan nama Elephant trunk snake, sedangkan nama ilmiahnya adalah Acrochordus javanicus (Hornstedt, 1781).

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Acrochordus javanicus ( İtalyanca )

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L'acrocordo di Giava (Acrochordus javanicus), noto anche come serpente proboscide, è un serpente diffuso in Indocina, Australia, India e Indonesia. Appartiene alla famiglia degli acrocordidi (Acrochordidae).

Descrizione

Le dimensioni di questo animale sono ragguardevoli (può raggiungere i due metri e mezzo di lunghezza), e la corporatura è pesante. La pelle, come quella degli altri membri della famiglia, è grinzosa e forma delle pieghe in eccesso. Gli occhi sono molto piccoli, e le narici sono poste nella parte superiore del muso. Anche se è mordace non ha ghiandola velenifera, quindi per cibarsi delle prede conta solo sulla forza che ha nel mordere e nello stritolare. L'acrocordo di Giava ha un colore generalmente verdastro o marrone, macchiato di scuro. La femmina è generalmente più grande del maschio.

Habitat e comportamento

L'acrocordo di Giava preferisce le acque dolci, pur essendo presente anche nelle acque salmastre e lungo le coste ricche di vegetazione. Si rinviene anche negli estuari, ma non si allontana mai troppo dalle coste. Questo animale preda di solito pesci, che cattura grazie alla dentatura ben sviluppata. Nonostante l'aspetto poco rassicurante, l'acrocordo di Giava è un animale assolutamente innocuo; se viene molestato, però, si rivolta mordendo.

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Acrochordus javanicus: Brief Summary ( İtalyanca )

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L'acrocordo di Giava (Acrochordus javanicus), noto anche come serpente proboscide, è un serpente diffuso in Indocina, Australia, India e Indonesia. Appartiene alla famiglia degli acrocordidi (Acrochordidae).

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Acrochordus javanicus ( Vietnamca )

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Rắn rầm ri cóc (tên khoa học: Acrochordus javanicus) là một loài rắn trong họ Acrochordidae. Loài này được Hornstedt mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1787.[2] Nó là loài điển hình của chi Acrochordus[3].

Phân bố

Loài này phân bố trong khu vực Đông Nam Á, từ Việt Nam[4] (tuy nhiên IUCN cho rằng loài này không có ở Việt Nam[1]), Campuchia và Thái Lan về phía nam qua Malaysia, Singapore tới Indonesia (Kalimantan, Sumatra, Java và Borneo).

Hình ảnh

Tham khảo

  1. ^ a ă Sanders, K., Grismer, L. & Chan-Ard, T. (2012). Acrochordus javanicus. Sách Đỏ IUCN các loài bị đe dọa. Phiên bản 2015.2. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế. Truy cập ngày 8 tháng 7 năm 2015.
  2. ^ Acrochordus javanicus. The Reptile Database. Truy cập ngày 29 tháng 5 năm 2013.
  3. ^ McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, vol. 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 tr. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
  4. ^ Nguyen Van Sang; Ho Thu Cuc, Nguyen Quang Truong 2009. Herpetofauna of Vietnam. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 768 pp.


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Acrochordus javanicus: Brief Summary ( Vietnamca )

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Rắn rầm ri cóc (tên khoa học: Acrochordus javanicus) là một loài rắn trong họ Acrochordidae. Loài này được Hornstedt mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1787. Nó là loài điển hình của chi Acrochordus.

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爪哇瘰鳞蛇 ( Çince )

wikipedia 中文维基百科 tarafından sağlandı
二名法 Acrochordus javanicus
Hornstedt, 1787

爪哇瘰鱗蛇學名Acrochordus javanicus)因其被人为提起形似象鼻,亦被称作象鼻蛇。爪哇瘰鱗蛇是一种完全生活於中的无毒蛇类,也是现存最大的完全依赖水生的蛇类。

分布

爪哇瘰鳞蛇在亚洲东南部的华莱士线以西被发现,主要分布在泰国南部、马来西亚半岛新加坡西海岸、婆罗洲加里曼丹砂拉越),一些印尼群岛爪哇岛苏门答腊岛);也可能在柬埔寨越南等地分布,虽然最后被世界自然保护联盟否认。

  1. ^ Sanders, K., Grismer, L. & Chan-Ard, T. Acrochordus javanicus. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014.3. International Union for Conservation of Nature. 2012 [17 February 2015].
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爪哇瘰鳞蛇: Brief Summary ( Çince )

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爪哇瘰鱗蛇(學名:Acrochordus javanicus)因其被人为提起形似象鼻,亦被称作象鼻蛇。爪哇瘰鱗蛇是一种完全生活於中的无毒蛇类,也是现存最大的完全依赖水生的蛇类。

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Habitat ( İngilizce )

World Register of Marine Species tarafından sağlandı
in fresh water

Referans

van der Land, J. (ed). (2008). UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms (URMO).

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Katkıda bulunan
Jacob van der Land [email]