This is a citizen science project where users play an online game and help scientists study camoflauge by spotting camoflauged birds (nightjars, plovers,and coursers) and their nests.
Die Vaalstrandkiewiet (Charadrius marginatus) is 'n algemene standvoël en plaaslike trekvoël. Die voël is 16 – 17 cm groot en weeg 35 - 60 gram met 'n vlerkspan van 44 cm. Die streeksbevolking is minstens 20,000 voëls. In Engels staan die voël bekend as die White-fronted Plover.
Die Vaalstrandkiewiet (Charadrius marginatus) is 'n algemene standvoël en plaaslike trekvoël. Die voël is 16 – 17 cm groot en weeg 35 - 60 gram met 'n vlerkspan van 44 cm. Die streeksbevolking is minstens 20,000 voëls. In Engels staan die voël bekend as die White-fronted Plover.
An nouelig tal gwenn a zo un evn, Charadrius marginatus an anv skiantel anezhañ.
Bevañ a ra al labous a-hed stêrioù hag aodoù Afrika[1].
a vo kavet e Wikimedia Commons.
An nouelig tal gwenn a zo un evn, Charadrius marginatus an anv skiantel anezhañ.
El corriol frontblanc (Charadrius marginatus) és un petit ocell limícola de la família dels caràdrids (Charadriidae). Habita en gran part d'Àfrica al sud del Sàhara i a Madagascar, sobre costes de sorra, pedres o fang i també a grans rius i llacs interiors.
S'han descrit quatre subespècies:
El corriol frontblanc (Charadrius marginatus) és un petit ocell limícola de la família dels caràdrids (Charadriidae). Habita en gran part d'Àfrica al sud del Sàhara i a Madagascar, sobre costes de sorra, pedres o fang i també a grans rius i llacs interiors.
Aderyn a rhywogaeth o adar yw Cwtiad bronwyn (sy'n enw gwrywaidd; enw lluosog: cwtiaid bronwyn) a adnabyddir hefyd gyda'i enw gwyddonol Charadrius marginatus; yr enw Saesneg arno yw White-fronted sand plover. Mae'n perthyn i deulu'r Cwtiaid (Lladin: Charadriidae) sydd yn urdd y Charadriiformes.[1]
Talfyrir yr enw Lladin yn aml yn C. marginatus, sef enw'r rhywogaeth.[2]
Mae'r cwtiad bronwyn yn perthyn i deulu'r Cwtiaid (Lladin: Charadriidae). Dyma rai o aelodau eraill y teulu:
Rhestr Wicidata:
rhywogaeth enw tacson delwedd Corgwtiad Aur Pluvialis dominica Corgwtiad aur y Môr Tawel Pluvialis fulva
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Aderyn a rhywogaeth o adar yw Cwtiad bronwyn (sy'n enw gwrywaidd; enw lluosog: cwtiaid bronwyn) a adnabyddir hefyd gyda'i enw gwyddonol Charadrius marginatus; yr enw Saesneg arno yw White-fronted sand plover. Mae'n perthyn i deulu'r Cwtiaid (Lladin: Charadriidae) sydd yn urdd y Charadriiformes.
Talfyrir yr enw Lladin yn aml yn C. marginatus, sef enw'r rhywogaeth.
Der Weißstirn-Regenpfeifer (Charadrius marginatus) ist eine kleine Vogelart aus der Familie der Regenpfeifer. Sein Vorkommen erstreckt sich über Afrika, südlich der Sahara und Madagaskar.
Der Weißstirn-Regenpfeifer ist mit circa 18 Zentimeter Länge etwas größer als ein Fahlregenpfeifer (Charadrius pallidus). Die Flügellänge beträgt zwischen 103 und 115 Millimeter, das Gewicht liegt bis knapp unter 60 Gramm.
Die Oberseite ist sandig-grau, die Unterseite weiß. Die Brust ist häufig verwaschen, blass-rosa bis gelb-braun gefärbt – speziell in den östlichen Regionen des Verbreitungsgebietes. (Im Gegensatz zum Hirtenregenpfeifer, dessen Brust gelblich gefärbt ist.) Stirn und Augenbrauen sind weiß und die vordere „Krone“ ist dunkelgrau gefärbt. Während Hals und Kragen weiß sind, ist die Oberseite des Kopfes grau-braun gefärbt. Eine dunkle Linie zieht von den Enden des Schnabels zu den Augen und um den Nacken herum, wobei diese im Nackenbereich breiter und etwas verwaschener wird. Im Flug deutliche weiße Balken auf der Oberseite der Flügel. Schwanz dunkelgrau mit weißen äußeren Federn. Die Ständer ragen im Flug nicht über das Schwanzende hinaus, wie dies beim Hirtenregenpfeifer der Fall ist.
Jungvögel haben nicht die dunkle „Vorderkrone“ der Erwachsenen. Küken sind oberseitig blass-grau gefärbt mit dunklen Sprenkeln. Unterseite weiß.
Afrika, südlich der Sahara und Madagaskar. Im südlichen Afrika kommt der Weißstirn-Regenpfeifer häufig in Küstennähe, aber auch entlang der großen Flüsse, an den Ufern der großen Binnenseen und saisonal auch in der Etosha-Pfanne und den Makgadikgadi-Salzpfannen vor.
Der Weißstirn-Regenpfeifer bevorzugt sandige Strände sowie sandige Ufer größerer Binnengewässer, wie Flüsse, Seen und auch Salzpfannen. Er lebt in der Regel paarweise und ist in manchen Gebieten das ganze Jahr über standorttreu. Außerhalb der Brutzeit kommen Schwärme von bis zu 100 Vögeln vor. Der Weißstirn-Regenpfeifer steckt beim Rasten typischerweise den Kopf unter das Schultergefieder, kann aber auch verhältnismäßig schnell laufen.
Der Weißstirn-Regenpfeifer ernährt sich vor allem von Insekten, Krebsen, Spinnen, Würmern, und anderen Weichtieren, die er bevorzugt am späten Nachmittag und während der Flut entlang der Uferlinie unter Seetang, Treibholz und anderem Schwemmgut sucht, aber auch fernab des Wassers in den Dünen. Er vermeidet die Futtersuche bei Nacht und starkem Wind.
Der Weißstirn-Regenpfeifer brütet bei regionalen Unterschieden das ganze Jahr über. Namibia im Dezember und Januar, Natal im Juli und August und in Simbabwe im August und September. Bevorzugt brütet der Weißstirn-Regenpfeifer vor Beginn der Regenzeit, mit Ausnahme der westlichen und südlichen Kapregion, wo er bevorzugt nach dem Ende des Winterregens im September und Oktober brütet.
Die Nester des Weißstirn-Regenpfeifers sind sehr einfach in den Sand oder Kies der Uferlinie gekratzt und meist mit Muschelteilen verstärkt. Manchmal findet man Nester aber auch landeinwärts auf Dünen, bevorzugt im Schutz von Treibgut und angeschwemmten Algen.
Das Gelege besteht aus 1–3 (meist 2) blass braun-gelben Eiern, mit feinen schwarzbraunen Punkten und Linien. Größe: (171) 32,7 × 23,3 (29,5–37 × 21–25). Die Brutdauer beträgt: 26–33 Tage, wobei die Eier von beiden Elterntieren bebrütet werden. Werden die Weißstirn-Regenpfeifer beim Brutgeschäft gestört, bedecken sie das Gelege mit Sand und versuchen den Eindringling abzulenken. Die Küken werden von beiden Elterntieren betreut und sind nach etwa 35–38 Tagen flügge.
Der Weißstirn-Regenpfeifer (Charadrius marginatus) ist eine kleine Vogelart aus der Familie der Regenpfeifer. Sein Vorkommen erstreckt sich über Afrika, südlich der Sahara und Madagaskar.
The white-fronted plover or white-fronted sandplover (Charadrius marginatus) is a small (45-50 g) shorebird of the family Charadriidae that inhabits sandy beaches, dunes, mudflats and the shores of rivers and lakes in sub-saharan Africa and Madagascar. It nests in small shallow scrapes in the ground and lays clutches of one to three eggs. The species is monogamous and long-lived, with a life expectancy of approximately 12 years. The vast majority of pairs that mate together stay together during the following years of breeding and retain the same territory. The white-fronted plover has a similar appearance to the Kentish plover, with a white fore crown and dark bands connecting the eyes to the bill.
Four or five subspecies are recognized, which vary in the colour shade of the neck collar and breast:
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The average white-fronted plover weighs approximately 45-50 g, and the two sexes differ slightly in plumage coloration. Adult male plovers show a white forecrown and supercilium, with a dark band crossing the mid crown, with the rest of the crown a sandy grey colour. The face is mainly white, with a blackish brown stripe running from behind the eye to the ear coverts. The mantle, back, and rump is light greyish brown, with pale brown to grey fringing feathers. The upper covert and central feathers of the tail are black, and the lateral feathers are white. Primaries and secondaries are dark brown with white shafts, bases, and inner webs. White-fronted plovers also have a pale dusky-brown lateral patch on the upper breast, and white underparts, occasionally with a washed chestnut lower breast and upper belly. The eyes are brown, the bill is black, and the legs are pale grey, green-grey, or pale green/olive. Adult females have a similar appearance to adult males, however the black crown band is less defined and not as thick, and may even be absent in some cases. Juveniles have similar markings to adult females, but always lack the crown band altogether, and there is no black colouration on the head- lores are brown. The lateral breast patch is very variable between individuals of this species.[3]
The voice of a white-fronted plover is often a gentle piping wit, woo-et, twirit, and tirit-tirit, as well as pi-peep. When a plover is defending a territory, a harsh chiza-chiza can be heard, followed by a purrr or squeak. When the incomplete egg set is visited, a croo sound is called, and during incubation a short clirrup sound or clup is made when alarmed. Other alarm calls consist of kittup and chirrrt.[3] Adult courtship is a sharp krewwwwww, and freshly hatched chicks often call a tsick, to get the attention of their parent.[4]
The white-fronted plover is endemic to sub-saharan Africa, and occurs at varying densities from Senegambia and Somalia to South Africa. The species is present along the entire South African coast and is also found inland, near large lakes and rivers. It also inhabits Madagascar.[3] In Madagascar, breeding populations are resident on all coasts, and also inland.[4] A genetic study reported genetic differentiation between Madagascar and the mainland population.[5]
The white-fronted plover has both resident and partially migratory populations, with some birds undertaking local seasonal movements.[6] The coastal populations are largely sedentary, but occasionally move to more sheltered shores from exposed areas during harsh winters. Flooding of the lakes or the shores that they inhabit might urge inland populations to migrate. Birds mostly leave from December to May, moving from their inland habitats to the East coast of South Africa.[3]
The species predominantly inhabits sandy shores, coastal dunes, estuaries, river and lake shores, intertidal mudflats or rocky coasts. It prefers to nests away from the water on open shorelines[3] or on exposed sand among dry kelp wrack.[7] It also nests on sandy shores, near both alkaline and fresh water inland rivers and lakes.[8]
The white-fronted plover forages during both day and night, using the typical plover run-stop-search technique. This consists of running around, stopping suddenly to peck at an item and then running again. Prey can be pecked from the surface of water, or caught with shallow jabs, inserting less than half of the bill into the substratum. Another method used to forage is foot-trembling, which involves vibrating the toes on substratum to disturb small insects or force invertebrates to the surface. This has not been reported in the Malagasy populations. Other feeding techniques include flying up to catch insects, and feeding on insects that wash up on shore after getting caught in water. The main prey of the white-fronted plover are sand flies, grasshoppers, termites, mosquito pupae, fairy shrimp, gastropods, bivalves, isopods, crabs, and other small crustaceans and worms.[3][4]
Plovers mainly forage in the upper half of the intertidal zone on sandy beaches, along high water lines and flooded depressions of dunes in summer. In winter, they forage lower on the shore. They often follow the waves in and out, foraging on the freshly wetted ground. They prefer foraging during low tide, but also in kelp wrack at high tide. In the middle of the day, they often stop foraging to preen. Some individuals defend their feeding territories year round, while others forage in non-territorial flocks, sometimes in mixed-species flocks with sanderlings (Calidris alba) and curlew sandpipers (Calidris ferruginea).[3][4]
The white-fronted plover is a monogamous solitary breeder with a life expectancy of approximately 12 years, although there is evidence that individuals can live much longer than this.[9] It is usually found in pairs or in small flocks, but can also appear in larger flocks during the breeding season. For example, a flock of 375 individuals was observed in Namibia. Mates generally stay faithful to each other for a long period of time, however 'divorce' has been recorded in some cases. Plovers that have lost mates have been observed to acquire new mates, without losing their territory. This monogamy may be due to a reduced availability of alternative breeding options or possibly high costs of divorce.[3][10][7]
Courtship displays include male plovers performing an upright posture accompanied by high stepping movements, while females lower their head. A few shallow nest scapes may be created in the breeding territory before choosing the final nest site. The white-fronted plover is very defensive of its territory. If an intruder invades the territory, the bird puffs out its plumage and chases away the intruder while uttering buzzing calls.[11]
Breeding pairs may have one breeding territory close to the high water mark that they are able to feed in, or have two territories that are defended, one for feeding and one for nesting. Nesting territories have an average size of 1.6 ha, and nests can be as close as 16.2 m to each other. The size and boundaries of these territories do not appear to differ much between years of breeding, and site fidelity was recorded as 97.3% for pairs that stayed together between years.[7] Territories are defended against neighbouring birds of the same species, and can also be defended against other species that are in the vicinity, such as sanderlings and Kittlitz's plover (Charadrius pecuarius). Defensive behaviour often consists of low-level aerial attack, running at the intruder with lowered head, or aggressive forward-hunched postures.[3] Non-territorial birds also exist, and as long as they keep to 'ordinary' behaviour pattens (feeding at a specific point and then flying away to a roosting site), the territorial birds appear to tolerate them.[10]
The typical white-fronted plover nest consists of a small shallow scrape in sand, gravel, or shingle, depending on the environment, and is sometimes lined with shell fragments, pebbles, seaweed or twigs. However scrapes are most commonly unlined. Nests are generally more than 70 m above the high water mark.[12] They are often built among beach debris or near dune vegetation.[10] Scrapes are created by the bird pushing its breast into the ground, slowly rotating whilst kicking backwards. Pairs may create more than one crape before choosing one to nest in, as scrape building often overlaps with courtship. 1-3 eggs are laid, with mean clutch size varying for different populations. In South Africa, mean clutch size is 2.05; in Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Malawi, it is 2.53 eggs. Egg laying dates vary between populations, which nest all year round on the coast but only from December to January in inland Namibia. Eggs are laid at 2-7 day intervals and are pale cream coloured, pointed ovals marked with fine blackish brown points and lines. The average dimensions of a white-fronted plover egg are 32.1 x 22.8 mm.[3] Before the clutch is complete, the pair often visit the nest together, and occasionally straddle the egg, however no incubation is undertaken before the final egg is laid. During this joint behaviour, ‘croo’ calls are made.[10]
Incubation is assumed to start at clutch completion (however this is not confirmed). The incubation period lasts for approximately 27–29 days, but can last up to 33 days. Both sexes incubate the nest during the day, and partly or fully cover the eggs with sand during the day in response to an approaching threat. Egg covering was not found to occur during normal breaks in incubation of the nest but only in response to a threat, and rarely at night. It is therefore hypothesised that egg covering is not related to temperature and insulation of eggs, but rather to predation avoidance.[13] It is thought that the male undertakes the majority of incubation during the night. If a clutch is lost, it is highly likely that a pair will re-lay eggs.[3]
The fledging period of chicks is approximately 35–38 days, and the proportion of hatched chicks that actually fledge is estimated to be 28%. If a predator or threat is near, adults with chicks or eggs near hatching date will perform distraction displays such as ‘rodent running’ and ‘injury feigning’. ‘Rodent running’ consists of the adult running fast, with a low head and a low spread tail, similar to a fleeing rodent. Injury feigning consists of the individual running or cowering on the ground whilst flapping one or both wings, with a partly spread tail.[3] Chicks feed for themselves immediately after hatching, however parents can lead chicks to foraging areas up to 2.2 km from the nest.[4]
The annual adult survival rate for white-fronted plovers is 89-92%. This species is considerably longer lived than their northern relatives.[7]
The white-fronted plover is classified as Least Concern by the IUCN due to its extremely large range, large population size, and while total population is decreasing, it appears not to do so at a threatening rate.[1] The Madagascar population is estimated at 5,000–15,000 individuals (coastal surveys from Analalava to Tolagnaro yielded a total count of 1,457 individuals at 119 different locations), the global population at 73,500–103,500.[4] Low nesting success may be partially compensated by multiple clutching and repeat nesting after egg loss, but overall there are too few data to reliably estimates population trends.[1][4]
The main threat to the white-fronted plover is habitat loss due to wetland degradation or destruction.[14][15] In Zimbabwe and southern Mozambique, an extensive recession of the species’ inland range has taken place due to changes to river morphologies resulting from dam constructions.[14] Key wetland sites in southern Africa, such as Walvis Bay in Namibia, have been subject to degradation because of the reclamation of wetlands for the development of suburbs, ports and roads.[15] In Ghana, coastal erosion as well as proposed development involving drainage and land reclamation constitute a big threat for wetlands used as breeding habitat.[16]
Major causes of nest loss in some regions are flooding due to spring tides[17] and disturbance from tourists or off-road vehicles that drive through the breeding sites.[12]
White-fronted plover (Charadrius marginatus), The Gambia, 2021 The white-fronted plover or white-fronted sandplover (Charadrius marginatus) is a small (45-50 g) shorebird of the family Charadriidae that inhabits sandy beaches, dunes, mudflats and the shores of rivers and lakes in sub-saharan Africa and Madagascar. It nests in small shallow scrapes in the ground and lays clutches of one to three eggs. The species is monogamous and long-lived, with a life expectancy of approximately 12 years. The vast majority of pairs that mate together stay together during the following years of breeding and retain the same territory. The white-fronted plover has a similar appearance to the Kentish plover, with a white fore crown and dark bands connecting the eyes to the bill.
El chorlitejo frentiblanco (Charadrius marginatus)[2] es una especie de ave caradriforme de la familia Charadriidae propia del África subsahariana. Es un ave sedentaria que habita en las costas además de los lagos y ríos interiores.
Los adultos miden entre 16–18 cm de largo. Tiene un plumaje más claro que otras especies similares. Los adultos en plumaje reproductivo tienen las partes superiores de color pardo medio, con el cuello y la frente blancos al igual que su rostro. Presenta una brida negra y también presenta una mancha negruzca en la parte frontal de su píleo. Sus partes inferiores pueden son blancas con algún matiz crema en el pecho. Puede presentar manchas canela o pardorrojizas a los lados del pecho. Su pico es negro y las patas son de color gris amarillento.
Los adultos en plumaje no reproductivo son más grisáceos que los ejemplares en plumaje reproductor, y la mancha negra de su cabeza se vuelve parda. Los juveniles son similareas a los adultos no reproductivos, con las partes inferiores totalmente blancas y sin negro en la cabeza.
Los chorlitejos frentiblancos suelen habitar en las playas arenosa. Ponen sus huevos directamente sobre la arena y pueden quedar enterrados. Los adultos acarrean agua a su nido empapando las plumas de su pecho. Se alimentan activamente cazando insectos, crustáceos y gusanos en la arena. Es un ave gregaria que forma bandadas, a menudo con otras limícolas.
Su llamada es un claror wiit, y su voz de alarma es un tukut.
Se reconocen las siguientes subespecies, que varían en la tonalidad de su cuello y pecho:
El chorlitejo frentiblanco (Charadrius marginatus) es una especie de ave caradriforme de la familia Charadriidae propia del África subsahariana. Es un ave sedentaria que habita en las costas además de los lagos y ríos interiores.
Charadrius marginatus Charadrius generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Charadriidae familian sailkatua dago.
Charadrius marginatus Charadrius generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Charadriidae familian sailkatua dago.
Hietatylli (Charadrius marginatus) on afrikkalainen kahlaaja. Sen elinympäristö käsittää suuren osan Saharan eteläpuolista Afrikkaa aina mantereen eteläkärkeen saakka. Alalaji tenellus elää vain Madagaskarilla. Siitä tunnetaan kaikkiaan neljä alalajia. Lajin holotyypin kuvaili Louis Jean Pierre Vieillot Kapmaasta 1818.[2]
Hietatylli (Charadrius marginatus) on afrikkalainen kahlaaja. Sen elinympäristö käsittää suuren osan Saharan eteläpuolista Afrikkaa aina mantereen eteläkärkeen saakka. Alalaji tenellus elää vain Madagaskarilla. Siitä tunnetaan kaikkiaan neljä alalajia. Lajin holotyypin kuvaili Louis Jean Pierre Vieillot Kapmaasta 1818.
Charadrius marginatus
Le Pluvier à front blanc (Charadrius marginatus) est une espèce de petits oiseaux limicoles de la famille des Charadriidae.
Il mesure 18 cm de longueur.
Il est présent en Afrique au sud du Sahara sur les côtes rocheuses, sableuses ou marécageuses ainsi qu'au bord des grandes rivières et lacs de l'intérieur.
D'après Alan P. Peterson, cette espèce est constituée des quatre sous-espèces suivantes :
Charadrius marginatus
Le Pluvier à front blanc (Charadrius marginatus) est une espèce de petits oiseaux limicoles de la famille des Charadriidae.
Il corriere marginato (Charadrius marginatus, Vieillot 1818) è un uccello della famiglia dei Charadriidae.
Charadrius marginatus ha quattro sottospecie:
Questo uccello vive in Africa a sud del Sahara. Saltuario in Swaziland.
Il corriere marginato (Charadrius marginatus, Vieillot 1818) è un uccello della famiglia dei Charadriidae.
De vale strandplevier (Charadrius marginatus) is een waadvogel uit de familie van plevieren (Charadriidae). Deze plevier komt voor in Sub-Saharisch Afrika.
De vogel is gemiddeld 18 cm lang en weegt 27 tot 55 g. De ondersoort C. m. mechowi is gemiddeld 15 g lichter. Deze plevier lijkt op de strandplevier, maar bij de vale strandplevier ontbreekt een duidelijke donker bandje op de borst. Opvallend is het witte voorhoofd, maar daarachter (in het zomerkleed) een smal klein zwart bandje.[2]
De soort telt vier ondersoorten:
Het leefgebied bestaat uit rotsachtige, zandige of modderige kusten, riviermondingen, grote rivieren en meren.[2]
Deze plevier heeft een groot verspreidingsgebied en daardoor is de kans op de status kwetsbaar (voor uitsterven) niet zo groot. De grootte van de wereldpopulatie is niet gekwantificeerd, maar de vale plevier gaat in aantal achteruit door aantasting van het leefgebied door de aanleg van dammen en de aanleg van infrastructuur en stadsontwikkeling in de kustgebieden. Het tempo van achteruitgang ligt onder de 30% in tien jaar (minder dan 3,5% per jaar). Om deze redenen staat de vale plevier als niet bedreigd op de Rode Lijst van de IUCN.[1]
Bronnen, noten en/of referentiesDe vale strandplevier (Charadrius marginatus) is een waadvogel uit de familie van plevieren (Charadriidae). Deze plevier komt voor in Sub-Saharisch Afrika.
Vitpannad strandpipare[2] (Charadrius marginatus) är en fågel i familjen pipare inom ordningen vadarfåglar.[3]
Vitpannad strandpipare delas in i fyra underarter:[3]
Vissa urskiljer även underarten hesperius med utbredning lokalt i Västafrika österut till Nigeria och Kamerun.[4]
DNA-studier tyder på att arten troligen är närmare släkt med viporna i Vanellus samt piparna i Anarhynchus, Peltohyas och Erythrogonys än med t.ex. större strandpipare (Charadrius hiaticula).[5] Än så länge (2016) har det inte lett till några taxonomiska förändringar.
Arten har ett stort utbredningsområde och en stor population, men tros minska i antal, dock inte tillräckligt kraftigt för att den ska betraktas som hotad.[1] IUCN kategoriserar därför arten som livskraftig (LC).[1]
Wikimedia Commons har media som rör vitpannad strandpipare.
Wikispecies har information om Charadrius marginatus.
Vitpannad strandpipare (Charadrius marginatus) är en fågel i familjen pipare inom ordningen vadarfåglar.
Charadrius marginatus là một loài chim trong họ Charadriidae.[2]
Bài viết Bộ Choi choi này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Charadrius marginatus là một loài chim trong họ Charadriidae.
