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Dryw eddïog y malî ( Galce )

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Aderyn a rhywogaeth o adar yw Dryw eddïog y malî (sy'n enw gwrywaidd; enw lluosog: drywod eddïog y malî) a adnabyddir hefyd gyda'i enw gwyddonol Stipiturus mallee; yr enw Saesneg arno yw Mallee emu wren. Mae'n perthyn i deulu'r Ceinddrywod (Lladin: Maluridae) sydd yn urdd y Passeriformes.[1]

Talfyrir yr enw Lladin yn aml yn S. mallee, sef enw'r rhywogaeth.[2]

Teulu

Mae'r dryw eddïog y malî yn perthyn i deulu'r Ceinddrywod (Lladin: Maluridae). Dyma rai o aelodau eraill y teulu:

Rhestr Wicidata:

rhywogaeth enw tacson delwedd Ceinddryw adeingoch Malurus elegans Ceinddryw adeinwyn Malurus leucopterus
Malurus leucopterus.jpg
Ceinddryw bronlas Malurus pulcherrimus
Malurus pulcherrimus.jpg
Ceinddryw cefngoch Malurus melanocephalus
Red-backed Fairy-wren.jpg
Ceinddryw godidog Malurus cyaneus
Malurus cyaneus PM.jpg
Ceinddryw ysblennydd Malurus splendens
Splendid Fairy-wren male.jpg
Dryw eddïog deheuol Stipiturus malachurus
StipiturusMalachurusGronvold.jpg
Dryw gwair llwyd Amytornis barbatus
GreyGrasswrenAmytornisbarbatus.jpg
Dryw gwair rhesog Amytornis striatus
Striated Grasswren (Amytornis striatus) with beak open.jpg
Dryw pigwellt gyddfwyn Amytornis woodwardi
Amytornis woodwardi.jpg
Drywdelor coch Clytomyias insignis
Naturalis Biodiversity Center - RMNH.AVES.18609 1 - Clytomyias insignis oorti Rothschild and Hartert, 1907 - Maluridae - bird skin specimen.jpeg
Drywdelor glas Malurus cyanocephalus
TodopsisCyanocephalaWolf.jpg
Drywdelor Wallace Sipodotus wallacii
MachaerirhynchusTodopsisWolf.jpg
Diwedd y rhestr a gynhyrchwyd yn otomatig o Wicidata.

Gweler hefyd

Cyfeiriadau

  1. Gwefan Cymdeithas Edward Llwyd; adalwyd 30 Medi 2016.
  2. Gwefan Avibase; adalwyd 3 Hydref 2016.
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Dryw eddïog y malî: Brief Summary ( Galce )

wikipedia CY tarafından sağlandı

Aderyn a rhywogaeth o adar yw Dryw eddïog y malî (sy'n enw gwrywaidd; enw lluosog: drywod eddïog y malî) a adnabyddir hefyd gyda'i enw gwyddonol Stipiturus mallee; yr enw Saesneg arno yw Mallee emu wren. Mae'n perthyn i deulu'r Ceinddrywod (Lladin: Maluridae) sydd yn urdd y Passeriformes.

Talfyrir yr enw Lladin yn aml yn S. mallee, sef enw'r rhywogaeth.

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Mallee emu-wren ( İngilizce )

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The mallee emu-wren (Stipiturus mallee) is a species of bird in the Australasian wren family, Maluridae. It is endemic to Australia.

Its natural habitat is temperate grassland. It is threatened because of habitat loss.

Taxonomy and systematics

The mallee emu-wren is one of three species of the genus Stipiturus, commonly known as emu-wrens. Within the genus, the mallee emu-wren and the rufous crowned emu-wren are sister species.[2]

It was first described in 1908 by Archibald James Campbell on the basis of a male specimen sent to him by C.H. McLennan from the Mallee district. Campbell thought that it was an intermediate form between the southern and rufous-crowned emu-wren and described as Stipiturus mallee.[3] It was later treated as a subspecies of both the southern and rufous-crowned emu-wren, and as a separate species, though biochemical data supports its placement as a separate species.[4]

The species is monotypic, with no recognised subspecies.[5]

The common name of the genus is derived from the resemblance of their tails to the feathers of an emu.[6] The scientific name of the genus comes from the Latin stipitus (stem) and Greek oura (tail), while the specific epithet comes from the aboriginal name for a type of eucalyptus scrub.[7]

Description

The mallee emu-wren is an average 16.5 centimetres (6.5 inches) from head to tail.[8] The adult male mallee emu-wren has olive-brown upperparts with dark streaks, and a pale rufous unstreaked crown, and grey-brown wings. It has a sky blue throat, upper chest, lores, and ear coverts. The lores and ear coverts are streaked with black, and there is white streaking under the eye. Though still long, the tail is not as long as in other emu-wrens, and is composed of six filamentous feathers, the central two of which are longer than the lateral ones. The underparts are pale brown. The bill is black, and the feet and eyes are brown. The female resembles the male but lacks blue plumage. Its crown is paler red and it has white lores. Its bill is dark brown. The mallee emu-wren moults yearly after breeding, and birds have only the one plumage. The most recognizable and identifiable feature is the six emu-like feathers on its tail. This feature is highly distinguishable from other species found in its home range.[8]

Distribution and habitat

The mallee emu-wren is restricted to open mallee woodland with spinifex understory in north-western Victoria and south-eastern South Australia. This region is rich in Triodia or as it is commonly known spinifex. The spinifex grass often grows to 1 metre (3 feet 3 inches) in height and provides the optimal habitat for the mallee emu-wren.[9] Formerly classified as a vulnerable species by the IUCN, recent research shows that its numbers are decreasing more and more rapidly. It is consequently uplisted to endangered status in 2008. The mallee emu-wren is listed as nationally endangered under the Australian Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. The current estimated total population size is approximately 4,000 birds. Although this species is widely dispersed throughout the Murray Sunset Reserve its home ranges are patchy throughout the 488 square kilometres (188 square miles) reserve.[10] Recent studies have concluded that the species is more widespread than previously thought. However, the species is much rarer in the southern regions of the preserve.[10] Their dispersion is heavily connected to the prevalence of hummocks formed by grass-like plants of the genus Triodia. This biotic factor is of the most influence in the dispersion of mallee emu-wren.[10]

Behaviour and ecology

Like all emu-wrens, the mallee emu-wren is difficult to observe in clumps of spinifex. It is not a proficient flier.[11] Its diet consists mainly of insects including beetles, seeds, and some vegetation.[12]

Breeding

Breeding is little known, but has been recorded between September and November. The nest is a dome-shaped structure built of grasses generally located deep within a clump of spinifex. Two or three oval eggs are laid which measure 13.5 to 16 mm (0.53–0.63 in) by 10 to 12 mm (0.39–0.47 in). They are white with reddish-brown freckles, more concentrated over the larger end.[5]

Threats

Too frequent burning

The vegetation varies in composition from year to year post controlled burn. As the vegetation reaches 30 years from the last burn it is no longer suitable for the mallee emu-wren. The strongest population numbers occur in regions that are less than 16 years old since their last burn.[10] Although the periodic burning is good for the mallee emu-wren the frequent wildfires or excessive controlled burns are detrimental.[10]

Climate fluctuations

The two main climate aspects that relate to the mallee emu-wren's mating success are temperature and rainfall. The current analysis of bioclimatic data supports the theory that a 1 degree Celsius change (1.8 degrees Fahrenheit change) in the average temperature would result in a greater than 90% contraction of the mallee emu-wren's population dispersion.[13] This poses a major issue for the survival of the mallee emu-wren because current data shows that since 1997 the Murray Region has had consecutive annual average temperatures that exceed the statistical average yearly temperatures.

Land uses

The current clearing and burning of land creates isolated ecological regions. This isolation of the populations has been detrimental the total population size. Agricultural uses that include grazing animals have decreased the density of grasses in the region. This clearing of the vegetation covering has been detrimental to the mallee emu-wren's habitat. The low lying grass provides the mallee emu-wren with its habitat and food sources.

Conservation

Surveys have been conducted at Billiatt Conservation Park and Ngarkat Conservation Park in South Australia (Clarke 2004; Gates 2003), and at Murray-Sunset National Park, Big Desert Wilderness Park, Big Desert State Forest, Wyperfeld National Park, Wathe Flora and Fauna Reserve and Bronzewing Flora and Fauna Reserve (Clarke 2007), and around Nowingi (Smales et al. 2005), in Victoria. The conservation status of the species has been re-assessed (Mustoe 2006). The habitat of the species has been modeled (Clarke 2005a). Information on the role and impact of fire in habitats occupied by mallee emu-wren has been summarised (Silveira 1993). A national recovery plan (Baker-Gabb in prep.) is being prepared, and a regional recovery plan is already in place (Clarke 2005; SA DEH 2006). An updated Flora and Fauna Guarantee Action Statement have been drafted for the species in Victoria (DSE 2007).

Bushfires in the Ngarkat Conservation Park in 2014 rendered the mallee emu-wren "functionally extinct" in South Australia, but initial reintroductions of captive-bred birds from Victoria have shown signs of success.[14][15]

References

  1. ^ BirdLife International (2022). "Stipiturus mallee". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T22703776A213206463. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T22703776A213206463.en. Retrieved 8 February 2023.
  2. ^ Christidis, Les; Boles, Walter (2008). Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. CSIRO Publishing. p. 180. ISBN 9780643065116.
  3. ^ Australasian Ornithologists' Union.; Union, Australasian Ornithologists'; Union, Royal Australasian Ornithologists' (1901). The Emu : official organ of the Australasian Ornithologists' Union. Vol. 8. Melbourne: Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union. pp. 34–35.
  4. ^ Rowley & Russell 1997, pp. 203, 208.
  5. ^ a b Rowley & Russell 1997, p. 208.
  6. ^ Wade P., ed. (1977). Every Australian Bird Illustrated. Rigby. p. 188. ISBN 978-0-7270-0009-5.
  7. ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). Helm Dictionary of Scientific Birds Names. Christopher Helm. pp. 240, 366. ISBN 978-1-4081-3326-2.
  8. ^ a b Higgins et al. 2001
  9. ^ Howe, F. E. (1933-04-01). "The Mallee Emu-Wren (Stipiturus mallee)". Emu - Austral Ornithology. 32 (4): 266–269. doi:10.1071/MU932266. ISSN 0158-4197.
  10. ^ a b c d e Brown, Sarah; Clarke, Michael; Clarke, Rohan (2009-02-01). "Fire is a key element in the landscape-scale habitat requirements and global population status of a threatened bird: The Mallee Emu-wren (Stipiturus mallee)". Biological Conservation. 142 (2): 432–445. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2008.11.005. ISSN 0006-3207.
  11. ^ "Department of the Environment and Energy". Department of the Environment and Energy. Retrieved 2018-01-07.
  12. ^ Schodde, Richard (1982). The Fairy-wrens. A Monograph of the Maluridae. Melbourne: Landsdowne Editions. ISBN 978-0701810511.
  13. ^ "Enhanced greenhouse climate change and its potential effect on selected fauna of south-eastern Australia: A trend analysis - ScienceBase-Catalog". www.sciencebase.gov. Retrieved 2018-01-07.
  14. ^ Rescue plan underway for Mallee emu-wren after bushfires destroy natural habitat ABC News, 7 September 2017. Retrieved 8 December 2018.
  15. ^ 'Tenacious' Mallee emu-wren breeding itself from South Australian extinction ABC News, 8 December 2018. Retrieved 8 December 2018.

Cited text

  • P.J. Higgins, J.M. Peter and W.K. Steele, Editors, Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds vol. 5, Oxford University Press, Melbourne (2001).
  • H.R. Pulliam and B.J. Danielson, Sources, sinks and habitat selection: a landscape perspective on population dynamics, The American Naturalist 137 (1991), pp. S50–S66.
  • R. Schodde, The bird fauna of the mallee – its biogeography and future. In: J.C. Noble, P.J. Joss and G.K. Jones, Editors, The Mallee Lands. A Conservation Perspective, CSIRO, Australia (1990), pp. 61–70.
  • Rowley, Ian; Russell, Eleanor (1997). Bird Families of the World:Fairy-wrens and Grasswrens. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-854690-4.

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Mallee emu-wren: Brief Summary ( İngilizce )

wikipedia EN tarafından sağlandı

The mallee emu-wren (Stipiturus mallee) is a species of bird in the Australasian wren family, Maluridae. It is endemic to Australia.

Its natural habitat is temperate grassland. It is threatened because of habitat loss.

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Stipiturus mallee ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

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El maluro del mallee (Stipiturus mallee)[2]​ es una especie de ave paseriforme de la familia Maluridae endémica de Australia.

Taxonomía

Esta es una de las tres especies del género Stipiturus, que habitan en la zona sur y central de Australia. No posee subespecies.[3][4]

Descripción

Mide unos 16.5 cm de largo.[5]​ El macho adulto posee partes inferiores color marrón oliva y su dorso con motas oscuras, y píleo sin rayas pálida rufa, y alas marrón-grisáceas. Su garganta zona superior del pecho, lorum y plumas auriculares son celestes. El lorum y las plumas auriculares poseen pintas negras, y tiene pintas blancas bajo el ojo. Su larga cola se compone de seis plumas filamentosas, las dos centrales son más largas que las laterales. Sus partes inferiores son marrón claro. Su pico es negro y las patas y ojos son marrones. La hembra se asemeja al macho pero no posee las plumas azules. Su píleo es de un rojo pálido y tiene el lorum blanco. Su pico es marrón oscuro. La especie muda su plumaje todos los años luego de reproducirse. Su característica distintiva son las seis plumas de la cola similares a las del emu.[5]

Distribución y hábitat

El maluro del mallee es una especie endémica de Australia. Habita en zonas de mallee boscosas abiertas con matas de Spinifex en el noroeste de Victoria y el sureste de Australia Meridional. En esta región abunda Triodia comúnmente denominado spinifex. Los pastos spinifex a menudo crecen hasta alcanzar 1 m de alto y proveen un hábitat óptimo a esta ave. Aunque antiguamente estuvo clasificado como una especie vulnerable por IUCN, investigaciones más recientes indican que su población se encuentra disminuyendo a pasos acelerados. Por lo que en el 2008 se la reclasificó como una especie especie en peligro de extinción. Se estima que su población actual es de unos 4.000 ejemplares. Su hábitat natural son los pastizales templados. Se encuentra amenazado por pérdida de hábitat.

Referencias

  1. BirdLife International (2012). «Stipiturus mallee». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2016.1 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 14 de noviembre de 2016.
  2. De Juana, E; Del Hoyo, J; Fernández-Cruz, M; Ferrer, X; Sáez-Royuela, R; Sargatal, J (2009). «Nombres en castellano de las aves del mundo recomendados por la Sociedad Española de Ornitología (Duodécima parte: Orden Passeriformes, Familias Picathartidae a Paridae)». Ardeola. Handbook of the Birds of the World (Madrid: SEO/BirdLife) 56 (1): 127-134. ISSN 0570-7358. Consultado el 14 de noviembre de 2016.
  3. Rowley and Russell, p. 208.
  4. Wade P., ed. (1977). Every Australian Bird Illustrated. Rigby. p. 188. ISBN 0-7270-0009-8.
  5. a b Higgins et al. 2001

Bibliografía

  • Rowley, Ian; Russell, Eleanor (1997). Bird Families of the World:Fairy-wrens and Grasswrens. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-854690-4.
  • BirdLife International (BLI) (2008): [2008 IUCN Redlist status changes].
  • Bureau of Meteorology, 2008. Time series data from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology. http://www.bom.gov.au/cgi-bin/silo/cli_var/area_timeseries.pl Archivado el 2 de junio de 2011 en Wayback Machine.>.
  • P.J. Higgins, J.M. Peter and W.K. Steele, Editors, Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds vol. 5, Oxford University Press, Melbourne (2001).
  • S. Brown, M. Clarke and R. Clarke, Fire is a key element in the landscape-scale habitat requirements and global population status of a threatened bird: The Mallee Emu-wren (Stipiturus mallee), Biological Conservation 142 (2009), pp. 432–445.
  • S. Garnett and G.M. Crowley, The Action Plan for Australian Birds, Environment Australia, Canberra (2000).
  • H.R. Pulliam and B.J. Danielson, Sources, sinks and habitat selection: a landscape perspective on population dynamics, The American Naturalist 137 (1991), pp. S50–S66.
  • R. Brereton, S. Bennett and I. Mansergh, Enhanced greenhouse climate change and its potential effect on selected fauna of south-eastern Australia: a trend analysis, Biological Conservation 72 (1995), pp. 339–354.
  • R. Schodde, The bird fauna of the mallee – its biogeography and future. In: J.C. Noble, P.J. Joss and G.K. Jones, Editors, The Mallee Lands. A Conservation Perspective, CSIRO, Australia (1990), pp. 61–70.
  • R. Schodde, The Fairy-wrens. A Monograph of the Maluridae, Landsdowne Editions, Melbourne (1982).

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Stipiturus mallee: Brief Summary ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

wikipedia ES tarafından sağlandı

El maluro del mallee (Stipiturus mallee)​ es una especie de ave paseriforme de la familia Maluridae endémica de Australia.

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Stipiturus mallee ( Baskça )

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Stipiturus mallee Stipiturus generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Maluridae familian sailkatua dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. (Ingelesez)BirdLife International (2012) Species factsheet. www.birdlife.org webgunetitik jaitsia 2012/05/07an
  2. (Ingelesez) IOC Master List

Ikus, gainera

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Stipiturus mallee: Brief Summary ( Baskça )

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Stipiturus mallee Stipiturus generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Maluridae familian sailkatua dago.

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Tummaemumaluri ( Fince )

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Tummaemumaluri (Stipiturus mallee)[2] on malurien heimoon kuuluva varpuslintu.

Levinneisyys

Tummaemumaluria tavataan pienellä alueella Australian kaakkoisosissa. Laji kärsii elinympäristöjen tuhoutumisesta, ja se on vähenemässä nopeasti. Tummaemumaluri on luokiteltu erittäin uhanalaiseksi.[1]

Lähteet

  1. a b c Stipiturus mallee IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, Iucnredlist.org. (englanniksi)
  2. Väisänen, R. A.; Högmander, H.; Björklund, H.; Hänninen, L.; Lammin-Soila, M.; Lokki, J. & Rauste, V.: Maailman lintujen suomenkieliset nimet. 2., uudistettu painos. Helsinki: BirdLife Suomi ry, 2006. Teoksen verkkoversio.
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Tummaemumaluri: Brief Summary ( Fince )

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Tummaemumaluri (Stipiturus mallee) on malurien heimoon kuuluva varpuslintu.

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Queue-de-gaze du mallee ( Fransızca )

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Stipiturus mallee

Le Queue-de-gaze du mallee (Stipiturus mallee), un des trois représentants du genre Stipiturus, est une espèce de passereaux de la famille des Maluridae.

Répartition et habitat

Cette espèce est endémique au Mallee. Son aire de répartition couvre le sud de l'Australie et représenterait moins de 2 000 km2. Sa population, en déclin, ne concernerait qu'entre 2 000 et 4 500 individus dont au maximum 2 800 matures.

Il vit dans les prairies de Triodia et dans les zones boisées dominées par les Eucalyptus et les Callitris. On peut aussi le trouver dans les landes de Banksia et de Allocasuarina[1].

Il est classé comme en danger en raison de la disparition de son habitat.

Description

Stipiturus mallee mesure entre 130 et 145 mm de longueur. Sa queue mesure entre 80 et 95 mm. Sa coloration dominante est gris brun avec une calotte rougeâtre et un ventre orangé. Les mâles présentent une face bleue.

Sous-espèces

Aucune sous-espèce n'est connue.

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Queue-de-gaze du mallee: Brief Summary ( Fransızca )

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Stipiturus mallee

Le Queue-de-gaze du mallee (Stipiturus mallee), un des trois représentants du genre Stipiturus, est une espèce de passereaux de la famille des Maluridae.

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Mallee-emoesluiper ( Felemenkçe; Flemish )

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Vogels

De mallee-emoesluiper (Stipiturus mallee) is een endemische zangvogel uit de familie Maluridae (elfjes).

Kenmerken

De vogel is 13,5 tot 15 cm lang en weegt slechts 6 tot 7 gram. Het mannetje heeft een hemelsblauw gekleurde oorstreek, keel en borst. De kruin is bleek roodbruin, verder van boven olijfbruin met zwarte streepjes. Van onder roodbruin, naar de buik toe geleidelijk lichter tot wit. Het vrouwtje mist het blauw op de keel en borst en is daar roodbruin, met om het oog een lichte vlek met zwarte streepjes. De staart bestaat uit zes een beetje rafelig uitziende veren, de middelste twee veren zijn 1,5 keer langer dan buitenste veren.[2]

Verspreiding en leefgebied

Deze soort is endemisch op bepaalde plekken in het droge deel van het zuidoosten van Australië in de staten Victoria en Zuid-Australië. De vogel is gebonden aan Eucalyptusbos van vooral de soorten die in het Engels Mallee heten (E. dumosa, E. socialis, E. gracilis, E. oleosa, E. incrassata en E. diversifolia) en cipressen uit het geslacht Callitris met een ondergroei van bepaalde grassoorten (geslacht Triodia).

Status

In het leefgebied woeden vaak bosbranden. In 2009 werd de totale populatie van deze elfjes geschat op 15.300 volwassen vogels en dit aantal neemt nog steeds af. De vogel is sterk afhankelijk van natuurreservaten in Zuid-Australië en Victoria. Daarom staat de mallee-emoesluiper als bedreigd op de Rode Lijst van de IUCN.[1]

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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Mallee-emoesluiper: Brief Summary ( Felemenkçe; Flemish )

wikipedia NL tarafından sağlandı

De mallee-emoesluiper (Stipiturus mallee) is een endemische zangvogel uit de familie Maluridae (elfjes).

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Szczeciogonek eukaliptusowy ( Lehçe )

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Commons Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons

Szczeciogonek eukaliptusowy (Stipiturus mallee) – gatunek małego ptaka z rodziny chwostkowatych. Występuje w południowo-wschodniej Australii. Zagrożony wyginięciem.

Taksonomia

Po raz pierwszy gatunek opisał Archibald James Campbell w 1908 na łamach Emu. Holotyp pochodził z okolic Hopetoun w stanie Wiktoria[3][4]. Autor nadał nowemu gatunkowi nazwę Stipiturus mallee[3]. Obecnie (2016) Międzynarodowy Komitet Ornitologiczny podtrzymuje tę nazwę[5]. Szczeciogonek eukaliptusowy wraz z dwoma pozostałymi przedstawicielami Stipiturus tworzy nadgatunek. Niektórzy autorzy uznawali go za jeden gatunek ze szczeciogonkiem smugowanym (S. malachurus), jednak badania mtDNA wskazują na odrębność gatunkową tych dwóch taksonów[4]. IOC uznaje gatunek za monotypowy[5].

Morfologia

Długość ciała wynosi 13,5–15[4] cm, 4[6]–7[4] g. Występuje dymorfizm płciowy w upierzeniu. U samca kasztanowa[3] (rdzawa) czapeczka[7]), sterówki żółtobrązowe. Reszta wierzchu ciała oliwkowobrązowa, każde z piór zdobi ciemny pas. Kantarek, gardło i pierś jasna, fioletowoniebieska; pozostałą część spodu ciała porastają pióra szarobrązowe[3]. Samica ma białe okolice oczu, a kolor rdzawy obejmuje wyłącznie czoło[7].

Zasięg występowania

Szczeciogonki australijskie zamieszkują części Australii położone na południe od rzeki Murray i południowo-zachodni stan Wiktoria[4]. Obecnie ptaki te występują już głównie na 2 chronionych obszarach, w parkach Ngarkat i Billiatt[6].

Ekologia i zachowanie

Środowiskiem życia szczeciogonków eukaliptusowych są przeważnie luźne zadrzewienia eukaliptusów i żywiczlinów (Callitris)[7], również i malee z trawami z rodzaju Triodia i zarośla traw Triodia z wrzosami. Chwostki te żyją w niewielkich (4–8 osobników) grupach podczas zimy, w sezonie lęgowym łączą się w pary i zajmują terytorium wielkości 3–5 ha. Pożywienie szczeciogonków eukaliptusowych stanowią owady[6], prawdopodobnie również nasiona. Skład diety słabo poznany. Ptaki te odzywają się wysokim szczebiotem. Głos kontaktowy to wysokie trii, głos ostrzegawczy to głośniejsze trrt[4].

Sezon lęgowy trwa od września do listopada. Gniazdo buduje samica[4], jest ono zamknięte. Na budulec składają się włókna roślinne, pajęczyny, pióra i inny miękki materiał. Ulokowane jest w kępie trawy. Zniesienie liczy zwykle 3 jaja[6].

Status

Od 2008 IUCN uznaje szczeciogonka eukaliptusowego za gatunek zagrożony wyginięciem (EN, Endangered). Wcześniej w latach 2000–2006, gatunkowi nadawano rangę narażonego (VU, Vulnerable). Zagrożeniem dla tych ptaków jest fragmentacja środowiska przez przekształcanie go w obszary rolnicze i pastwiska. Według danych z 2006, ówczesne spadki liczebności w Australii Południowej zbiegały się z suszami i obszernymi pożarami[7].

Przypisy

  1. Stipiturus mallee, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. Stipiturus mallee. Czerwona księga gatunków zagrożonych (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) (ang.).
  3. a b c d A. J. Campbell. Description of a New Emu-Wren. „Emu”. 8, s. 34–35, 1908.
  4. a b c d e f g Rowley, I. & Russell, E.: Mallee Emu-wren (Stipiturus mallee). W: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive [on-line]. 2016. [dostęp 27 września 2016].
  5. a b Frank Gill & David Donsker: Lyrebirds, scrubbirds, bowerbirds & Australasian wrens. IOC World Bird List (v6.3), 20 lipca 2016. [dostęp 27 września 2016].
  6. a b c d Mallee Catchment Management Authority: Mallee Emu-wren (Stipiturus mallee). http://www.malleecma.vic.gov.au,+luty 2011. [dostęp 27 września 2016].
  7. a b c d Mallee Emuwren Stipiturus mallee. BirdLife International. [dostęp 27 września 2016].
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Szczeciogonek eukaliptusowy: Brief Summary ( Lehçe )

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Szczeciogonek eukaliptusowy (Stipiturus mallee) – gatunek małego ptaka z rodziny chwostkowatych. Występuje w południowo-wschodniej Australii. Zagrożony wyginięciem.

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Stipiturus mallee ( Portekizce )

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Stipiturus mallee é uma ave endêmica da Austrália que, em 2008, foi declarada uma espécie em extinção.[1]

Referências

  1. a b BirdLife International (2016). Stipiturus mallee (em inglês). IUCN 2016. Lista Vermelha de Espécies Ameaçadas da IUCN de 2016 Versão e.T22703776A93936298. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22703776A93936298.en Página visitada em 28 de outubro de 2021.

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Stipiturus mallee: Brief Summary ( Portekizce )

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Stipiturus mallee é uma ave endêmica da Austrália que, em 2008, foi declarada uma espécie em extinção.

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Brunkronad emusmyg ( İsveççe )

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Brunkronad emusmyg[2] (Stipiturus mallee) är en fågel i familjen blåsmygar inom ordningen tättingar.[3] Fågeln förekommer i mallee i sydöstra Australien och angränsande nordvästra Victoria.[3] IUCN kategoriserar arten som starkt hotad.[1]

Noter

  1. ^ [a b] Birdlife International 2012 Stipiturus mallee Från: IUCN 2015. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2015.4 www.iucnredlist.org. Läst 2016-02-01.
  2. ^ Sveriges ornitologiska förening (2015) Officiella listan över svenska namn på världens fågelarter Arkiverad 18 oktober 2014 hämtat från the Wayback Machine., läst 2015-07-01
  3. ^ [a b] Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood (2015) The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 2015 http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download, läst 2016-02-11

Externa länkar

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Brunkronad emusmyg: Brief Summary ( İsveççe )

wikipedia SV tarafından sağlandı

Brunkronad emusmyg (Stipiturus mallee) är en fågel i familjen blåsmygar inom ordningen tättingar. Fågeln förekommer i mallee i sydöstra Australien och angränsande nordvästra Victoria. IUCN kategoriserar arten som starkt hotad.

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Stipiturus mallee ( Vietnamca )

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Stipiturus mallee là một loài chim trong họ Maluridae.[1]

Chú thích

  1. ^ Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, B.L. Sullivan, C. L. Wood, and D. Roberson (2012). “The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 6.7.”. Truy cập ngày 19 tháng 12 năm 2012.

Tham khảo


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết Bộ Sẻ này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Stipiturus mallee: Brief Summary ( Vietnamca )

wikipedia VI tarafından sağlandı

Stipiturus mallee là một loài chim trong họ Maluridae.

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馬里鶓鷯鶯 ( Çince )

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二名法 Stipiturus mallee
Campbell, 1908 馬里鶓鷯鶯的分佈地,位於澳洲南部
馬里鶓鷯鶯的分佈地,位於澳洲南部

馬里鶓鷯鶯學名Stipiturus mallee)是澳洲特有的一種鶓鷯鶯屬鳥類。它們棲息在溫帶草原,但卻因失去棲息地而受到威脅。

分類

馬里鶓鷯鶯是三種鶓鷯鶯屬之一。它們最初是於1908年由Archibald James Campbell所描述,並被認為是另外兩個物種亞種。其下並沒有亞種。[2]它們稱為「鶓」是因其尾羽很像鴯鶓[3]

特徵

成年雄性的馬里鶓鷯鶯上身呈橄欖褐色,有深色的斑紋,冠呈淡紅色,雙翼呈灰褐色。喉嚨、上胸、眼端及耳朵呈天藍色。眼端及耳朵都有黑色斑紋,眼下有白色斑紋。尾羽很長,但不及其他鶓鷯鶯屬般長,共有6條羽毛,中央兩條比兩側的長。下身呈淡褐色。喙是黑色的,腳及眼睛都是褐色。雌鳥外觀像雄鳥,但沒有藍色的羽毛,冠也較為淡色,眼端白色,喙呈深褐色。它們每年在繁殖後都會換羽。[2]

分佈及棲息地

馬里鶓鷯鶯只分佈在維多利亞州西北部及南澳洲州東南部的開放尤加利樹森林[2]

行為

馬里鶓鷯鶯很林中很難辨認。它們主要是吃昆蟲,但也會吃種子[2]

繁殖

有關馬里鶓鷯鶯的繁殖所知不多,但紀錄是於9月至11月間進行。鳥巢呈圓拱狀,以草來築成,築在三齒稃叢中。每次會生2-3隻蛋,蛋呈卵狀及白色,約有13.5-16 x 10-12毫米的大小。[2]

保育狀況

馬里鶓鷯鶯以往被國際自然保護聯盟列為易危[4]近年的研究發現它們的數量急速下降。於2008年正式被列為瀕危物種[1]

參考

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 BirdLife International. Stipiturus mallee. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010. International Union for Conservation of Nature. 2008.
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Rowley, Ian; Russell, Eleanor. Bird Families of the World:Fairy-wrens and Grasswrens. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1997. ISBN 0-19-854690-4. 引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)
  3. ^ Wade P. (ed.). Every Australian Bird Illustrated. Rigby. 1977: 188. ISBN 0727000098.
  4. ^ Stipiturus mallee. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2006. International Union for Conservation of Nature. 2006.

外部連結

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馬里鶓鷯鶯: Brief Summary ( Çince )

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馬里鶓鷯鶯(學名:Stipiturus mallee)是澳洲特有的一種鶓鷯鶯屬鳥類。它們棲息在溫帶草原,但卻因失去棲息地而受到威脅。

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