Eurylaimus javanicus Horsfield 1821

Les especies d'aves con nome común en llingua asturiana márquense como ^NOA. En casu contrariu, conséñase'l nome científicu o de la SEO.

'''Eurylaimus javanicus^[2] ye una especie d'ave paseriforme de la familia Eurylaimidae que vive nel sudeste asiáticu.

Distribución y hábitat

Atópase nes selves d'Indochina, la península malaya, Sumatra, Borneo, Xava ya islles axacentes, distribuyíu por Myanmar, Brunéi, Camboya, Indonesia, Laos, Malasia, Singapur, Tailandia y Vietnam.

Referencies

Enllaces esternos

• Wikimedia Commons acueye conteníu multimedia sobre Eurylaimus javanicus .

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Eurylaimus javanicus^[1] a zo ur spesad golvaneged eus kerentiad an Eurylaimidae.

Doareoù pennañ

Boued

Bevañ a ra diwar amprevaned dreist-holl.

Annez hag isspesadoù

Al labous a gaver ar pevar isspesad anezhañ^[2] :

• Eurylaimus javanicus brookei, e Borneo ha hanternoz inizi Natura,
• Eurylaimus javanicus friedmanni, e gevred Myanmar, Thailand hag Indez-Sina,
• Eurylaimus javanicus javanicus, e Jawa,
• Eurylaimus javanicus pallidus, e kreisteiz Thailand (strizh-douar Kra) ha ledenez Malaysia.

Liammoù diavaez

• Eurylaimus javanicus war lec'hienn an International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)..

Notennoù ha daveennoù

Eurylaimus javanicus és un ocell de la família dels eurilàimids (Eurylaimidae) que habita els boscos de les terres baixes del sud de Birmània, Tailàndia, Cambodja, sud de Laos i de Vietnam, Malaia, Sumatra i Borneo (incloent petites illes properes) i Java.

Referències

A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Eurylaimus javanicus

Aderyn a rhywogaeth o adar yw Llydanbig rhesog (sy'n enw gwrywaidd; enw lluosog: llydanbigau rhesog) a adnabyddir hefyd gyda'i enw gwyddonol Eurylaimus javanicus; yr enw Saesneg arno yw Banded broadbill. Mae'n perthyn i deulu'r Llydanbigau (Lladin: Eurylaimidae) sydd yn urdd y Passeriformes.^[1]

Talfyrir yr enw Lladin yn aml yn E. javanicus, sef enw'r rhywogaeth.^[2]

Teulu

Mae'r llydanbig rhesog yn perthyn i deulu'r Llydanbigau (Lladin: Eurylaimidae). Dyma rai o aelodau eraill y teulu:

Rhestr Wicidata:

rhywogaeth enw tacson delwedd Llydanbig Affrica Smithornis capensis Llydanbig arianfron Serilophus lunatus Llydanbig bochlwyd Smithornis sharpei Llydanbig coch a du Cymbirhynchus macrorhynchos Llydanbig cynffonhir Psarisomus dalhousiae Llydanbig gwyrdd Calyptomena viridis Llydanbig hardd Calyptomena hosii Llydanbig melyn a du Eurylaimus ochromalus Llydanbig rhesog Eurylaimus javanicus Llydanbig tywyll Corydon sumatranus Llydanbig Whitehead Calyptomena whiteheadi Llydanbig y mynydd Pseudocalyptomena graueri Llydanbig ystlyswinau Smithornis rufolateralis

Gweler hefyd

• Rhestr Goch yr IUCN

Cyfeiriadau

The banded broadbill (Eurylaimus javanicus) is a species of bird in the typical broadbill family Eurylaimidae found in Mainland Southeast Asia and the Greater Sunda Islands. It is sometimes split into two species, one including only the nominate subspecies, E. j. javanicus, and one including all the remaining subspecies. It inhabits a variety of forests, along with forest edge, rubber plantations and Falcataria falcata groves, mainly in lowland areas. A striking, large-bodied bird with a length of 21.5–23.0 cm (8.5–9.1 in), it is unlikely to be mistaken for another species. The broadbill is mostly purplish-red, with yellow-streaked black wings, a bright blue beak, a blackish face and greyish chin and upper breast. Females can be told apart from males by their lack of a black neckband, although these are indistinct in Bornean and Javan males. Despite its conspicuous appearance, the bird is usually hard to see due to its sluggishness and is usually only noticed when it vocalises.

The species mainly eats arthropods such as orthopterans (grasshoppers, katydids and crickets), true bugs and beetles, but has also been recorded feeding on snails, lizards, frogs and figs. On the mainland, breeding generally occurs during the dry season; populations in the Greater Sundas have a longer breeding season lasting from March to November. On Java, the broadbill is thought to breed year-round. Their large, raggedy nests are hung from trees at a height of 6–21 m (20–69 ft) over clearings or water bodies. Clutches have two or three eggs. The eggs are usually dull white with dark purple or reddish-brown flecks, but those from West Java are dirty white with dense rusty-brown to lavender-grey markings. The International Union for Conservation of Nature, which splits the banded broadbill into two species, classifies javanicus as being near-threatened and the other subspecies as being of least concern.

Taxonomy and systematics

The banded broadbill was described as Eurylaimus javanicus by the American naturalist Thomas Horsfield in 1821 based on specimens from Java. It is the type species of the genus Eurylaimus, which was created for it.^[3] The name of the genus, Eurylaimus, derives from the Ancient Greek ευρυς, eurus, meaning broad, and λαιμος, laimos, meaning throat. The specific name javanicus comes from Java, the island on which it was discovered.^[4] Banded broadbill is the official common name designated by the International Ornithologists' Union (IOU).^[5] Another common name for the species is Javan broadbill.^[6] The species is called takau rimba in Malay and Nok Phaya Paak Kwaang laay leuang in Thai.^[7]

The banded broadbill is one of two species currently placed in the genus Eurylaimus, in the typical broadbill family Eurylaimidae, a family of nine tropical species native to Southeast Asia.^[8] Based on a 2017 study by the Brazilian researcher Alexandre Selvatti and colleagues, its closest relative is the black-and-yellow broadbill. These two species are most closely related to a clade formed by the black-and-red and silver-breasted broadbills, and all three genera form a sister clade to the genus Sarcophanops. This larger clade is sister to one formed by the long-tailed broadbill and dusky broadbill. Both of these clades are sister to Grauer's broadbill. The following cladogram shows phylogenetic relationships among the Eurylaimidae, based on the above study:^[a][10]

Eurylaimidae

Grauer's broadbill (Pseudocalyptomena graueri)

Long-tailed broadbill (Psarisomus dalhousiae)

Dusky broadbill (Corydon sumatranus)

Wattled broadbill (Sarcophanops steerii)

Silver-breasted broadbill (Serilophus lunatus)

Black-and-red broadbill (Cymbirhynchus macrorhynchos)

Banded broadbill (Eurylaimus javanicus)

Black-and-yellow broadbill (Eurylaimus ochromalus)

Four subspecies of the banded broadbill are currently recognised by the IOU:^[5]

• E. j. pallidus (Chasen, 1935):^[b] found from southeastern Myanmar to Vietnam and the Malay Peninsula.^[5] Populations from the northern Malay Peninsula are sometimes separated as E. j. friedmanni.^[11] It is similar to harterti, but has more metallic grey underparts and pinker throats and upperparts.^[12]
• E. j. harterti (van Oort, 1909):^[c] found on Sumatra, the Riau Archipelago, Bangka Island and Belitung.^[5] The population from Belitung was previously recognised as E. j. billitonis, but this is not generally accepted any more.^[11] It is larger than the nominate subspecies, with light blue-green irises, darker underparts, a more reddish upper back and a pink vent.^[12]
• E. j. javanicus (Horsfield, 1821): also known as the Javan broadbill, it is the nominate subspecies and found on Java.^[5] It is smaller than the other subspecies, with a yellow (instead of blue) iris, a narrower breast-band, a yellow (instead of purplish) vent and a paler belly.^[12]
• E. j. brookei (Robinson & Kloss, 1919):^[d] found on Borneo and the northern Natuna Islands.^[5] Like harterti, but is pinker, with an indistinct neckband, blacker forehead and pinker throat.^[12]

All the subspecies excluding javanicus are sometimes split as a separate species, E. harterti, on the basis of morphology, which would make the current species monotypic (having only one subspecies).^[12] According to this scheme, the nominate subspecies is called the Javan broadbill,^[1] and the three subspecies in E. harterti (harterti, brookei and pallidus) are called the banded broadbill.^[14]

Description

The banded broadbill is a striking, large-bodied bird, with a length of 21.5–23.0 cm (8.5–9.1 in). The weight of 10 adult pallidus specimens from the Malay Peninsula was 65.1–95.0 g (2.30–3.35 oz), males weighing slightly more than females. If seen clearly, the species is unlikely to be confused with any other bird. It may be mistaken for black-and-yellow broadbill, which differs in its smaller size, black head and contrasting white collar.^[12]

Adult males of the nominate subspecies have a glossy purple-red head, which turns black towards the lores (region between the eyes and beak) and base of the bill. The chin, throat and ear-coverts are slightly lighter, with a black band across the neck; this neckband is sometimes faint or absent in males from Borneo and Java. The top of the head is glossy maroon black and turns grey towards the back of the neck. The upper back is maroon-tinged dark brown; the rest of the back is mostly black, except for a central line of yellow streaks. The primary feathers are dark brown, with thin yellow edges that are present as a yellow line on the bend of the wing. The remaining wing-coverts are blackish, with yellowish markings. The secondaries have bright yellow edges to their outer margins that form a well-marked, trapezoidal patch on the wing. The underparts are pale pinkish-violet to wine-red, with a grey tinge to the chin and upper breast and a pure grey breast-band. The tail is dark black and has white spots on the underside, the undertail-coverts are pale yellow and the rump has a variable black and yellow pattern. The brilliant turquoise blue beak is broad and hooked, edged green or black.^[7][12] It is among the widest-billed broadbills, with a thick, heart-shaped and wide tongue that allows it to mash and "chew" its food, helping the species consume relatively large prey.^[15][16] The irises are pale yellow in javanicus and sapphire blue in all other subspecies, and the legs are pale pinkish-brown to light greyish-blue with dull black feathering.^[7][12]

Females are similar to males, but can be told apart by their lack of a neckband and greyer heads and underparts. Juveniles have pale brown heads, brown upper backs, dark brown wings and black tails. They have a marked yellow supercilium (line above the eye) that widens towards the back of the neck to become a broken collar, and the ear-coverts have narrow yellow streaks. The upper back has irregular yellow spots and the back and rump are largely yellow. The wings have yellowish markings like those of adults. The throat is yellowish with pale dark streaks and is separated from the breast by a yellowish-white strip, the rest of the underparts being a pink-tinted yellow. The bill is orangish-brown. As juveniles age, the yellow on the body is gradually replaced with purple-pink, starting with the head and side of the neck. In Malaysia, moulting has been observed in all months except January and February and peaks from May to August. The primary feathers nearest the body are moulted first, and those further away moult later.^[7][12]

Reddish colours in the banded broadbill's plumage are caused by the biological pigment 2,3-didehydro-papilioerythrinone, which is also found in the black-and-yellow broadbill, black-and-red broadbill and Sarcophanops species. The yellow in the species' plumage is caused by the carotenoid 7,8-dihydro-3′-dehydro-lutein, which is also present in the plumage of the black-and-yellow broadbill.^[17]

Vocalisation

The species' song is a remarkable, short, loud wheeoo or wiuk, occasionally prefaced with 4–9 whirr notes and always followed with a noisy, high-speed, rattling trill lasting 5–9 seconds that initially rises in pitch before quickly falling. This song is frequently given by two birds one after the other, with neighbouring pairs then responding. It can be triggered by other sudden, loud sounds, but the response to playback (recorded birdsong) is usually sluggish. Other calls include a nasal whee-u, a squeaky kyeeow, a keowrr and a squealing keek-eek-eek similar to that of a black-and-red broadbill.^[7][12] Soft calls made during wing displays are less squeaky and lower than similar ones made by black-and-yellow broadbills.^[18]

Distribution and habitat

The banded broadbill is found in Mainland Southeast Asia and the Greater Sunda Islands. In Indochina, it is known from southern and central Vietnam, most of western and southern Thailand, most of Cambodia excluding the Tonlé Sap, southern and central Laos and the Tenasserim Hills and Karen Hills in southeastern Myanmar. In the Greater Sundas, the species inhabits Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Belitung, Bangka Island, the North Natuna Islands and the Riau Archipelago. It went locally extinct in Singapore around 1928; reports of its presence on Penang Island are unconfirmed. It is usually non-migratory, but reports of an individual or multiple individuals living in a tract of secondary forest on a former rubber plantation in Kuala Lumpur over a period of three years indicates that the species wanders upon the loss of its usual habitat.^[7][12]

The species inhabits several types of forest, including primary forests, selectively logged forests that have regrown, peat swamp forests, high-altitude heath forests, freshwater swamp forests, forest edge, rubber plantations and Falcataria falcata groves. On the mainland, it is commonest in evergreen and mixed deciduous forests, but is also seen in adjacent gardens and villages, as well as secondary forests. On Java, it is usually seen in forest edge, especially on mountain slopes. Despite mainly being a lowland species, the banded broadbill is found up to elevations of 1,050–1,100 m (3,440–3,610 ft) on the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra, 1,100 m (3,600 ft) in Laos, 1,200 m (3,900 ft) in Cambodia and 1,220 m (4,000 ft) on Borneo. On Java, it is typically found at altitudes of 485–915 m (1,591–3,002 ft), but is sometimes as high as 1,500 m (4,900 ft).^[7][12]

Behaviour and ecology

Despite the banded broadbill's distinctive and conspicuous colouration, it is generally hard to observe due to its lethargic habits and is generally only seen due to its loud song.^[12] It is known to make wing and gaping displays similar to those of the black-and-yellow broadbill. Wing displays include raising the wings slightly above the back and then slowly opening and closing the flight feathers, and are made after singing, foraging or in response to playback. They may include just one wing and are sometimes complemented with a tail wag. Gaping displays are conducted by opening and closing the bill measuredly without making any sounds. These displays are performed both when alone and in the presence of other banded broadbills, and have been observed being performed near nests. They are also sometimes accompanied by soft calls.^[18]

Feeding

The banded broadbill's diet includes arthropods, small vertebrates and fruit. Its main prey is orthopterans (grasshoppers, katydids and crickets) with an average length of 55 mm (2.2 in). It also feeds on true bugs (Hemiptera), snails, spiders and beetles such as ground beetles (Carabidae), darkling beetles (Tenebrionidae) and true weevils (Curculionidae). Small fruit like Ficus figs are also eaten, although their importance in the species' diet is unknown. The broadbill has been recorded eating lizards up to 10 cm (3.9 in) long and frogs, eating both head-first.^[7][12]

Like other broadbills, the species forages in a sluggish manner. It has a toothed bill-tip and spends the majority of its time still-hunting, taking off from high perches and grabbing prey from nearby branches and the undersides of leaves. Except for probing head movements, often upwards, the broadbill is generally motionless. It has been observed making erratic, fluttering flights to glean prey before perching again, as well as catching prey in flight in a more elegant manner. Pairs and small flocks that are thought to be family groups are active throughout the day, occasionally joining mixed-species foraging flocks.^[7][12]

Breeding

On the Malay Peninsula, breeding in the banded broadbill usually takes place in the dry season following the East Asian Monsoon. The only recorded nest from Myanmar was observed in Tenasserim on 21 March. In Peninsular Malaysia, nests have been seen in February and March and immatures from early April to early September, extrapolating to eggs being laid from March to May and in July. Observances of nests and immatures in Thailand are at later times than in Malaysia, reflecting the passage of the monsoon. In Laos, immatures have been seen in June, indicating that breeding took place at the beginning of the wet season, instead of the dry season like the rest of the peninsula. The breeding season is lengthier on the Greater Sunda Islands, lasting from March to November. On Borneo, adults have been observed collecting nesting material in March and a recently fledged bird was seen in September; males with enlarged testicles have been collected from March to July. The banded broadbill's breeding season is particularly prolonged on Sumatra and Java. Immatures have been observed in March, July, September and November on Sumatra and eggs have been collected from Belitung in April. On Java, the species may breed throughout the year, with nests collected in April, June and December and immatures between March and December.^[7][12]

Like other typical broadbills, the banded broadbill's nests are usually made at a height of 6–21 m (20–69 ft) over clearings or water bodies, hanging from dead or living trees like dipterocarps and Koompassia excelsa. They have also been recorded being built on epiphytes like Pandanus, ferns and bamboo. Nests are generally hung from a sideways branch close to the trunk, but are sometimes also suspended from thick leaves and bamboo tips. Nests have been observed being built close to the beehives of species like the giant honey bee (Apis dorsata) and Halictidae sweat bees, a strategy that is also seen in the black-and-yellow broadbill and which may provide protection. One nest in Borneo was observed being built over a period of 18 days, both adults participating in nest-building. The nests are large, raggedy and oval or pear-shaped, with a total length of 75–90 cm (30–35 in), including the trailing tail. Materials used to make the nest include leaves, twigs, roots, fibres, moss, leaf skeletons, grass stems and bryophytes.^[7][12] Both sexes have been observed collecting nesting material.^[18] The inner chamber is covered with leaves and thick grass stems, and the outside is embellished with lichen, bryophytes, green moss, insect excreta, cocoons and cobwebs, presumably to provide camouflage. The entrances to the nest are covered by a slanting eave. A nest from Sabah had a height of 25 cm (9.8 in), a width of 22.5 cm (8.9 in) and a depth of 15 cm (5.9 in), with an entrance measuring 54 mm × 58 mm (2.1 in × 2.3 in).^[7][12]

The banded broadbill's eggs are oval-shaped and measure 26.1 mm–31.5 mm × 17.1 mm–22.2 mm (1.03 in–1.24 in × 0.67 in–0.87 in). They have a smooth and slightly shiny surface and are usually dull white with dark purple or reddish-brown flecks, denser at the wide end; West Javan eggs are dirty white, sometimes tinged pink, with dense rusty-brown to lavender-grey markings concentrated at the broader end. Clutches have generally two or three eggs, although they may sometimes have more. Incubation can start before the completion of the nest and one bout of incubation was recorded being 1.8 hours long. Little is known about the species' hatching and parental care, but parents continue to provide 70–80% of food to young 13 weeks after fledging, reducing to 20–30% by 20 weeks.^[7][12]

Status

The International Union for Conservation of Nature, which splits the banded broadbill into two species, classifies javanicus as being near-threatened and all the other subspecies as being of least concern. Although it is patchily distributed and scarce in central and eastern Java, javanicus has also been observed in some protected areas like Mount Gede Pangrango National Park. Its population is unlikely to be above 10,000 adults and is thought to be decreasing. Threats to the subspecies include habitat loss and the cagebird trade. The remaining subspecies are mostly uncommon to locally common throughout their range, but have been described as being scarce in Brunei and very rare in northern Thailand. The populations inhabiting the Malay Peninsula are treated as being near-threatened. They are found in multiple protected areas.^[1][12][14]

Explanatory notes

References

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Banded_broadbill&oldid=1153675316"

El eurilaimo bandeado (Eurylaimus javanicus)^[2]​ es una especie de ave paseriforme de la familia Eurylaimidae que vive en el sudeste asiático.

Distribución y hábitat

Se encuentra en las selvas de Indochina, la península malaya, Sumatra, Borneo, Java e islas adyacentes, distribuido por Birmania, Brunéi, Camboya, Indonesia, Laos, Malasia, Singapur, Tailandia y Vietnam.

Referencias

Eurylaimus javanicus Eurylaimus generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Eurylaimidae familian sailkatua dago.

Erreferentziak

Kanpo estekak

• World Bird Names

Ikus, gainera

• Eurylaimus
• Eurylaimidae

Kultaperäharlekiini (Eurylaimus javanicus) on kaakkoisaasialainen harlekiineihin kuuluva varpuslintu. ^[1]

Koko ja ulkonäkö

Kooltaan kultaperäharlekiini on noin 23 cm.^[2]. Vatsa ja selkä ovat lajilla tumman punaruskeat. Siivet ja perä ovat väriltään mustan ja keltaisen kirjavat. Suurikokoinen nokka on väriltään turkoosi. ^[3]. Koiraalla on rinnassaan musta juova, joka puuttuu naaraalta. ^[4].

Elinympäristö

Kultaperäharlekiinia tavataan Bruneissa, Kambodžassa, Laosissa, Malesiassa, Myanmarissa, Thaimaassa ja Vietnamissa ^[1]. Singaporessa lajia ei ole tavattu 1920-luvun jälkeen ^[4]. Lajia tavataan kosteahkoissa metsissä. ^[3]

Ravinto ja lisääntyminen

Kuten muutkin harlekiinit myös kultaperäharlekiini käyttää pääasiallisena ravintonaan hedelmiä ja hyönteisiä.^[5] Laji rakentaa pesänsä puuhun yleensä lähelle runkoa. Pesänrakemnnusmateriaaleina laji käyttää bambuja, oksia, lehtiä, ruohoja ja kasvien juuria. ^[4]

Lähteet

Eurylaimus javanicus

L'Eurylaime de Horsfield (Eurylaimus javanicus) est une espèce de passereaux appartenant à la famille des Eurylaimidae.

Répartition

On trouve cet eurylaime dans les forêts tropicales de l'Asie du Sud-Est.

Il vit dans les arbres des forêts tropicales près des rivières, torrents et marécages. Parfois il s'aventure dans des plantations à l'abandon, dans les parcs et les jardins.

Description

L'eurylaime de Horsfield a une grosse tête, un bec fort, un ventre et une tête plus ou moins pourprés et des ailes noires et jaunes.

Il vit en couples ou en petits groupes.

Il mange principalement des insectes tels des sauterelles et des criquets, des coléoptères et des chenilles mais aussi des araignées, de petits escargots et quelques fruits^[1].

Notes et références

Il beccolargo fasciato o eurilaimo di Giava (Eurylaimus javanicus Horsfield, 1821) è un uccello passeriforme della famiglia degli Eurilaimidi^[2].

Descrizione

Dimensioni

Misura circa 20-23 cm di lunghezza, coda compresa.

Aspetto

Si tratta di uccelli dall'aspetto massiccio, muniti di una grossa testa, di un collo corto e largo e di becco largo e leggermente uncinato in punta, nel complesso dall'aspetto simile a piccoli corvidi.
La livrea si presenta di color cannella su schiena, petto, ventre, fianchi e testa, con quest'ultima che (tranne guance e nuca) è più scura e spesso presenta una mascherina nera fra la base del becco e gli occhi, mentre su basso ventre e sottocoda sono presenti decise sfumature giallo-arancio ed il petto è quasi violaceo: talvolta fra quest'ultimo e la gola passa una sottile banda più scura. Le ali e la coda sono nere, le prime con alcune copritrici gialle e remiganti munite di bordi dello stesso colore, la seconda con la faccia inferiore delle penne munita di una banda bianca e col codione giallo: anche il dorso è dello stesso colore. Gli occhi sono grandi e grigio-azzurrognoli, il becco è di color avorio-azzurrino con margini nerastri, le zampe sono di color carnicino. Il dimorfismo sessuale in questa specie è piuttosto evidente, con la femmina che presenta colorazione molto più tendente al bruno, assenza di mascherina nera (sostituita spesso da due sottili bande gialle che passano sopra e sotto l'occhio) e giallo alare più frazionato rispetto al maschio.

Biologia

Si tratta di uccelli diurni che vivono perlopiù da soli o in coppie e passano la maggior parte della giornata alla ricerca di cibo fra la vegetazione arborea, rimanendo quasi immobili su posatoi preferenziali e cercando a vista le prede fra il fogliame.

Alimentazione

L'eurilaimo di Giava è un uccello essenzialmente insettivoro, con dieta composta perlopiù d'insetti, delle loro larve e di altri invertebrati, ma che di tanto in tanto cattura anche piccoli vertebrati come rettili e anfibi: questo uccello può inoltre nutrirsi di frutta matura e bacche.

Riproduzione

Il nido è piriforme e pendente da un ramo, generalmente situato piuttosto vicino al tronco: al suo interno la femmina depone 3-4 uova, che vengono covate a turno da ambedue i sessi per circa due settimane e mezzo. Anche le cure parentali verso i pulli, ciechi e implumi alla nascita, sono appannaggio di entrambi i sessi: i nidiacei sono in grado d'involarsi attorno alle tre settimane dalla schiusa.

Distribuzione e habitat

A dispetto del Nome, l'eurilaimo di Giava non vive unicamente nell'omonima isola, ma occupa un areale piuttosto vasto che comprende anche Sumatra, il Borneo, la penisola malese, l'Indocina meridionale, la Thailandia e la Birmania centro-meridionale. Il suo habitat d'elezione è rappresentato dalla foresta pluviale umida fino a 1100 m di quota, ma lo si può osservare anche in foreste non troppo dense e perfino in aree antropizzate, come piantagioni e parchi o giardini alberati.

Tassonomia

Se ne riconoscono quattro sottospecie^[2]:

• Eurylaimus javanicus javanicus, la sottospecie nominale e l'unica sprovvista di banda pettorale, diffusa a Giava;
• Eurylaimus javanicus brookei Robinson & Kloss, 1919, diffusa in Borneo e nelle isole Natuna;
• Eurylaimus javanicus harterti van Oort, 1909, diffusa a Sumatra e nelle vicine isole Riau, Bangka e Belitung;
• Eurylaimus javanicus pallidus Chasen, 1935, diffusa nella porzione continentale dell'areale occupato dalla specie;

Una quinta sottospecie, Eurylaimus javanicus friedmanni, viene attualmente accorpata alla sottospecie E. j. pallidus, della quale rappresenta la popolazione più settentrionale^[3].

Note

Vogels

De Javaanse hapvogel (Eurylaimus javanicus) is een zangvogel uit de familie Eurylaimidae (breedbekken en hapvogels).

Verspreiding en leefgebied

Deze soort komt voor van Zuidoost-Azië tot Java en Borneo en telt 4 ondersoorten:

• Eurylaimus javanicus pallidus: van zuidoostelijk Myanmar tot zuidelijk Vietnam en Maleisië.
• Eurylaimus javanicus harterti: Sumatra, Riouwarchipel, Bangka en Billiton.
• Eurylaimus javanicus javanicus: Java.
• Eurylaimus javanicus brookei: Borneo en de noordelijke Natuna-eilanden.

Externe link

• Avibase

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties

Solstripebrednebb (Eurylaimus javanicus) er en art i brednebbfamilien.

Utbredelse

Den forekommer i Brunei, Indonesia, Kambodsja, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand og Vietnam.

Underarter

Det er beskrevet fem underarter av solstripebrednebb^[2]:

• Eurylaimus javanicus friedmanni (Deignan, 1947) – forekommer i det sørøstlige Myanmar, Thailand og Indokina.
• Eurylaimus javanicus pallidus (Chasen, 1935) – forekommer i det nordlige Thailand og Malaysia.
• Eurylaimus javanicus harterti (van Oort, 1909) – forekommer på Sumatra.
• Eurylaimus javanicus brookei (Robinson & Kloss, 1919) – forekommer på Borneo.
• Eurylaimus javanicus javanicus (Horsfield, 1821) – forekommer på Java.

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Referanser

Eksterne lenker

• (en) Solstripebrednebb i Encyclopedia of Life
• (en) Solstripebrednebb i Global Biodiversity Information Facility
• (en) Solstripebrednebb hos NCBI
• (en) Solstripebrednebb hos ITIS
• (en) Kategori:Eurylaimus javanicus – bilder, video eller lyd på Wikimedia Commons
• (en) Eurylaimus javanicus – galleri av bilder, video eller lyd på Wikimedia Commons
• Eurylaimus javanicus – detaljert informasjon på Wikispecies
• Eurylaimus javanicus (ID 07D343CCBE8FAF9F). Avibase. Hentet ut 28. september 2013.
• Eurylaimus javanicus (TSN 560057). Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Hentet ut 28. september 2013.
• Birdlife Species Factsheet: Eurylaimus javanicus. Hentet ut 28. september 2013.
• IBC - The Internet Bird Collection: Eurylaimus javanicus. Hentet ut 28. september 2013.
• Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, B.L. Sullivan, C. L. Wood, and D. Roberson. 2013. The Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 6.8.. Hentet ut 28. september 2013.
• Norske navn på verdens fugler, Norsk Ornitologisk Forening. Hentet ut 28. september 2013.

Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons

Szerokodziób purpurowy (Eurylaimus javanicus) – gatunek średniej wielkości ptaka z rodziny szerokodziobów. Zasiedla południowo-wschodnią Azję oraz część Indonezji. Niezagrożony wyginięciem.

Taksonomia

Gatunek opisał po raz pierwszy Thomas Horsfield w roku 1821 pod obecną nazwa Eurylaimus javanicus. Holotyp pochodził z Jawy. IOC nie wyróżnia podgatunku friedmanni, który wyróżnili autorzy HBW^[3]. Podgatunek billitoni nie został przyjęty^[4].

Podgatunki i zasięg występowania

Wyróżnia się następujące podgatunki^[3]:

• E. j. pallidus Chasen, 1935 - południowo-wschodnia Birma do południowego Wietnamu i Półwyspu Malajskiego
• E. j. harterti van Oort, 1909 - Sumatra, Archipelag Riau, Bangka i Belitung
• E. j. javanicus Horsfield, 1821 - Jawa
• E. j. brookei Robinson & Kloss, 1919 - Borneo i północne Wyspy Natuna

Środowisko życia stanowią różnego rodzaju lasy, także wiecznie zielone i mieszane w okolicach rzek i strumieni, lasy na torfowiskach, bagnach oraz wilgotne lasy tropikalne na piaszczystej glebie. Spotykany także na skrajach lasów, np. w zaroślach przedstawicieli Albizia, ogrody, parki i okolice wsi. Występuje do wysokości 1500 m n.p.m. na Jawie, na Borneo do 1200 m n.p.m^[4].

Morfologia

Długość ciała wynosi 21,5-23 cm. Masa ciała dla podgatunku pallidus waha się w granicach 74-84 g, zaś u brookei 73-87 g. Pozostałe wymiary dla okazów z Muzeum Brytyjskiego: skrzydło 10,1 cm, ogon 6,8 cm^[5]. U samca głowa fioletowoczerwona, okolice oczu i kantarek czarne. Grzbiet ciemnobrązowy, dalsza jego część ciemniejsza, pokryta żółtymi pasami. Pokrywy skrzydłowe czarniawe, lotki ciemnobrązowe. Lotki I rzędu posiadają żółte plamki, zaś II rzędu posiadają żółte brzegi. Sterówki z wierzchu czarne, od spodu widoczne białe plamy. Spód ciała jasny, fioletoworóżowy; w górnej części piersi znajduje się cienka czarna przepaska. Tęczówka niebieska, dziób niebieski o zielonkawym zakończeniu. U samicy grzbiet posiada mniej czarnych pasków, zaś w górnej części piersi widnieje szara plama; barwy upierzenia mniej intensywne^[4].

Pożywienie

Pożywienie stanowią owady, głównie prostoskrzydłe (Orthoptera), w tym cykadowate (Cicadidae) i pasikonikowate (Tettigoniidae), różne żuki, gąsienice i inne larwy. W badaniach na Borneo zbierane cykadowate mierzyły do 55 mm. Na Jawie i Sumatrze odnotowano również zjadanie małych owoców, zaś pewnemu osobnikowi z Birmy zwisał z dzioba 10-centymetrowy ogon jaszczurki. Większość zdobyczy zbiera z roślinności. Żeruje niezależnie od pory dnia w grupach lub parach^[4].

Lęgi

Okres lęgowy zależy od miejsca występowania. W południowej Birmie przypada na marzec, w Tajlandii w lipcu i grudniu, w Laosie w czerwcu, od lutego do września w Malezji (jeszcze na terenie Azji), od marca do listopada na Sumatrze, w kwietniu na Belitung, od listopada do czerwca na Jawie oraz od marca do września na Borneo^[4].

Gniazdo prawdopodobnie budują oba ptaki z pary. Ma kształt gruszkowaty, posiada „ogon” z roślinności, wraz z nim osiąga długość 75-90 cm. Budulec stanowią patyki, korzenie, liście, trawy i mchy. Wyściółkę stanowią liście. Umiejscowione jest 2,5-21 m nad ziemią. Zniesienie liczy 2-3 jaja. Okres inkubacji nieznany. W trakcie badań na Borneo pisklęta 13 tygodni po opierzeniu otrzymywały 70-80% pożywienia od rodziców, 7 tygodni później już 20-30%^[4].

Przypisy

Eurylaimus javanicus é uma espécie de ave da família Eurylaimidae.

Pode ser encontrada nos seguintes países: Brunei, Camboja, Indonésia, Laos, Malásia, Myanmar, Singapura, Tailândia e Vietname.^[1]

Os seus habitats naturais são: florestas subtropicais ou tropicais húmidas de baixa altitude.^[1]

Referências

Bandad brednäbb^[2] (Eurylaimus javanicus) är en fågel i familjen brednäbbar inom ordningen tättingar.^[3]

Utbredning och systematik

Arten delas in i fem underarter:^[4]

• harterti-gruppen
  • Eurylaimus javanicus friedmanni – förekommer i sydöstra Burma, Thailand och Indokina
  • Eurylaimus javanicus pallidus – förekommer i södra Thailand (näset Kra) och på Malackahalvön
  • Eurylaimus javanicus harterti – förekommer på Sumatra, på öar vid provinsen Riau och på öarna Bangka samt Belitung.
  • Eurylaimus javanicus brookei – förekommer på Borneo och norra Natunaöarna
• Eurylaimus javanicus javanicus – förekommer på Java

Underarten friedmanni inkluderas ofta i pallidus.^[3]

Sedan 2016 urskiljer Birdlife International och naturvårdsunionen IUCN alla underarter utom nominatformen som en egen art, Eurylaimus harterti.

Familjetillhörighet

Vissa delar upp familjen brednäbbar i två, Eurylaimidae och Calyptomenidae, efter DNA-studier som visar att dessa två troligen inte är varandras närmaste släktingar.^[4] Vid en sådan uppdelning placeras arten i Eurylaimidae i begränsad mening.

Status

IUCN bedömer hotstatus för underartsgrupperna (eller arterna) var för sig, harterti som livskraftig och javanicus som nära hotad.^[1]

Bilder

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Referenser

1. ^ [a b] Birdlife International 2016 Eurylaimus javanicus Från: IUCN 2016. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2016.3 www.iucnredlist.org. Läst 2016-12-11.
2. ^ Sveriges ornitologiska förening (2017) Officiella listan över svenska namn på världens fågelarter, läst 2017-02-14
3. ^ [a b] Gill, F & D Donsker (Eds). 2017. IOC World Bird List (v 7.3). doi : 10.14344/IOC.ML.7.3.
4. ^ [a b] Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood (2017) The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 2017 http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download, läst 2017-08-11

Externa länkar

• Wikimedia Commons har media som rör bandad brednäbb.
  Bilder & media
• Wikispecies har information om Eurylaimus javanicus.
  Artförteckning

Mỏ rộng hồng (tên khoa học: Eurylaimus javanicus) là một loài chim trong họ Eurylaimidae.^[2]

Phân bố

Loài này được tìm thấy tại Brunei, Campuchia, Indonesia, Lào, Malaysia, Myanma, Singapore, Thái Lan và Việt Nam.

Môi trường sống tự nhiên của nó là các khu rừng vùng đất thấp ẩm ướt nhiệt đới hay cận nhiệt đới.

Chú thích

Tham khảo

• Dữ liệu liên quan tới Eurylaimus javanicus tại Wikispecies

二名法 Eurylaimus javanicus
Horsfield（英语：Thomas Horsfield）, 1821

斑阔嘴鸟（学名：Eurylaimus javanicus），是阔嘴鸟科阔嘴鸟属的一种，分布于文莱、缅甸、老挝、越南、新加坡（已绝灭）、泰国、印度尼西亚、马来西亚和柬埔寨。该物种的保护状况被评为无危。

斑阔嘴鸟的平均体重约为79.5克。栖息地包括种植园、亚热带或热带的沼泽林、亚热带或热带的湿润低地林、乡村花园和城市。

参考文献

维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：斑阔嘴鸟

• Eurylaimus javanicus. BirdLife.org. [2011-06-27].

取自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=斑阔嘴鸟&oldid=26226536”