There are no identified predators of I. jamacaii.
Icterus jamacaii adults share many similarities with other troupial species, however, it also has distinct features that make it morphologically different such as the size of its ocular patch. Campo troupials significantly lack the ocular patch that is common to the other two troupial species. This species measures 23 to 23.5 cm in length and features a wingspan of 105 to 107 mm.
Campo troupials are beautiful birds with striking orange, black, and white plumage. They feature a black hood, breast, and wings. The black wings are patterned with white and orange feathers. The feathers of the upper and lower back are orange, as are those of the rump and upper tail. The upper parts, the lower back, and the area from the lower breast to the undertail are orange as well. Campo troupials' tails are solid black, unlike the black and white patterned tails of Venezuelan troupials. Feathers of the breast and throat are pointed, similar to orange-backed troupials. The legs and feet are grey and the eyes are orange-yellow.
Female campo troupials are very similar to males both in size and color. A 2008 study conducted by Hoffman, Cronin, and Omland showed that there is very little difference in the color saturation of male and female breast feathers. The same study also verified that there is little to no difference between the throat feathers of the two sexes. Like most other tropical species, campo troupials are observed to be sexually monomorphic.
Juvenile I. jamacaii are not very different from adults in color. The black in the adult is replaced by a dull brownish-black color, and the under-parts are a dull orange-yellow color rather than bright orange. They also have darker eyes than adults.
Immature I. jamacaii are similar to adults with the exception of brown secondaries and primaries. Some immature I. jamacaii may still have a few brown tail feathers, as opposed to adults' solid black tails. The brown tail feathers are remnants from juvenile plumage.
Range length: 23 to 23.5 cm.
Range wingspan: 105 to 107 mm.
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry
Sexual Dimorphism: sexes alike
There is no record of the lifespan of campo troupials.
Icterus jamacaii lives at low elevations and occupies dry habitats such as the Caatinga zone, a region in Northern Brazil composed of shrublands and tall cacti. This species can also be found on the edges of forests, dry savanna, woodlands with deciduous trees, and in other open areas within the Caatinga zone. Icterus jamacaii may be found at elevations of up to 500 m above sea level.
Range elevation: 500 (high) m.
Habitat Regions: tropical ; terrestrial
Terrestrial Biomes: savanna or grassland ; forest ; scrub forest
Icterus jamacaii (campo troupials or campo orioles) is a Neotropical species found exclusively in northeastern Brazil. This range extends south to include the regions of Minas Gerais and Espirito Santo.
Biogeographic Regions: neotropical (Native )
There is no detailed information about the food habits of campo troupials in the literature, however, most Icterus include fruit, nectar, and arthropods in their diets.
Animal Foods: insects
Plant Foods: fruit; nectar
Primary Diet: omnivore
Campo troupials are nest pirates. They not only move into abandoned nests but also take over occupied nests. Orange-backed troupials do the same, and that species may even kill the occupants of the nests during the invasion. Regardless, campo troupials likely have a negative effect on populations of other bird species such as: firewood-gatherers, rufous cacholotes, great kiskadees, and rufous horneros.
Even though they are nest pirates, campo troupials are occasionally host to nest parasites such as shiny cowbirds.
As the diet of campo troupials includes fruits, these birds may disperse seeds as they forage.
Species Used as Host:
Commensal/Parasitic Species:
Icterus jamacaii is frequently caught and traded in Brazil. It is often kept as a pet caged bird in local homes.
Positive Impacts: pet trade
There is no information suggesting that this species has a negative impact on humans.
Currently the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) lists I. jamacaii as least concern given it's wide geographic range and stable population size. However, I. jamacaii is prevalently hunted in the Caatinga zone in Brazil. There have been calls to place stricter regulations on the hunting or capturing of I. jamacaii and other birds living in the region.
CITES: no special status
The information present in the literature about the species I. jamacaii is limited, in part because it has not yet been studied much as a separate species. The majority of the literature treats it as a subspecies within I. icterus or simply neglects it. As a result I. jamacaii presents an interesting case study in where taxonomists draw species boundaries.
The best available source that not only recognizes I. jamacaii as a species but also has an extensive account on the related species is Jaramillo and Burke’s 1999 “New World Blackbirds: The Icterids.” Other sources are contradictory when it comes to the acknowledgment of I. jamacaii as a species. There is a recognizable pattern in the literature that shows how this species and its two other closely related species, I. icterus and I. croconotus, have been categorized throughout history.
During the late 1800s and early 1900s I. icterus, I. jamacaii, and I. croconotus were originally described as three separate species. Sclater (1886) recognizes I. jamacaii and I. croconotus as distinct species. Bond (1953) claims that I. jamacaii and I. croconotus are two entirely different species. Ridgway (1902) treats the Troupial Complex as three separate species as well.
Later these three species were all lumped into a single species, I. icterus. In other words they were classified as I. i. croconotus, I. i. jamacaii, and I. i. icterus! Ridgely and Tudor (1989) claim that these birds form three main groups and that although I. icterus and I. jamacaii are geographically separate they should be considered as one species. Sibley and Monroe (1990) name I. i. icterus and I. i. jamacaii, and do not separate I. croconotus. Three years later, Monroe and Sibley (1993) list I. jamacaii and I. croconotus as subspecies within I. icterus. Hilty (2003) also treats I. jamacaii and I. croconotus as subspecies within I. icterus.
Since the late 1990s the three species have generally been separated. Many other oriole species that had been lumped during the 1960s to 1980s are also now considered separate species (e.g. Baltimore Oriole, Icterus galbula, and Bullock’s Oriole, Icterus abeillei).
Although there has been decades of inconsistency in the classification of these three species, there is an emerging consensus among the most recent sources that I. icterus, I. croconotus, and I. jamacaii are three separate species.
Like other species of birds, I. jamacaii communicates through sounds, specifically songs. Its songs are similar to that of other Icterus species, and is composed of simple whistled phrases. However, compared to the songs of I. croconotus, the songs of I. jamacaii are longer. In addition to their characteristic songs, caged members of this species can be taught different tunes. It is common practice in Brazil for owners of this bird to teach it the Brazilian National Anthem!
Its calls sound like: "prru".
Communication Channels: visual ; acoustic
Other Communication Modes: mimicry ; duets
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical
All members of the genus are thought to be socially monogamous. There is speculation that tropical species including I. jamacaii may have lifelong pair bonds.
Mating System: monogamous
The breeding season for I. jamacaii occurs in February. Currently, there is no other information about reproduction in this species.
It is known that the closely related I. icterus produces 3 eggs per clutch. It takes 21 to 23 days for its young to fledge. Once the young leave the nest they travel with their families for an unknown period of time.
Breeding interval: Icterus jamacaii breeds once per year.
Breeding season: The breeding season for Icterus jamacaii occurs in February.
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; oviparous
There is not a significant amount of information about the extent of parental investment in I. jamacaii. However, it is known that before breeding this species is either found alone, or with its mate, but once it breeds it is found in a group with its family. This particular characteristic of I. jamacaii may be an indication of the extent of its parental investment.
Parental investment in this species also includes providing yolk to the egg and providing a nest for the offspring. Icterus jamacaii is known to steal nests which are used as shelter for its offspring.
Parental Investment: male parental care ; female parental care ; pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning, Protecting); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning, Protecting); pre-independence (Provisioning, Protecting)
Les especies d'aves con nome común en llingua asturiana márquense como NOA. En casu contrariu, conséñase'l nome científicu o de la SEO.
Icterus jamacaii ye una especie de páxaru de la familia Icteridae.
Puede ser atopada nos siguientes países: Arxentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guayana, Paraguái, Perú, Venezuela y Antilles. El so cantar ye bien melodiosu y tien la notable capacidá d'asonsañar cantares d'otres aves, amás de sones musicales.
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Esta páxina forma parte del wikiproyeutu Aves, un esfuerciu collaborativu col fin d'ameyorar y organizar tolos conteníos rellacionaos con esti tema. Visita la páxina d'alderique del proyeutu pa collaborar y facer entrugues o suxerencies. Les especies d'aves con nome común en llingua asturiana márquense como NOA. En casu contrariu, conséñase'l nome científicu o de la SEO. Icterus jamacaii ye una especie de páxaru de la familia Icteridae.
The campo troupial or campo oriole (Icterus jamacaii) is a species of bird in the family Icteridae that is found in northeastern Brazil. At one time thought to be conspecific with the Venezuelan troupial and orange-backed troupial, it is now accepted as a separate species. It is a fairly common bird and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated it as a "least-concern species".
The term troupial is from French troupiale, from troupe (“troop”), so named because they live in flocks.[2] The Latin name icterus is from Greek ἴκτερος (íkteros, “jaundice”); the icterus was a bird the sight of which was believed to cure jaundice, perhaps the Eurasian golden oriole.[3] It also had the more general meaning "yellow bird", which is why the name was later given to this and other New World orioles.[4] Campo refers to a grass plain with semi-stunted trees. The specific name jamacaii comes from the name used for this species by Georg Marcgrave in the 1648 work Historia Naturalis Brasiliae;[5] it may have been a Tupi word for this or another small black-and-yellow bird, or it may have been applied to the species by Portuguese settlers.[6][7] Additional names used for this species in the 1800s include black-banded troupiale, soffre, and (erroneously) Jamaica yellow bird.[8][9]
The campo troupial is very similar in appearance to the Venezuelan troupial (Icterus icterus) with which it was at one time thought to be conspecific. It is a robust bird about 23 cm (9 in) long with a long tail and a broad beak. It is bright orange apart from a black hood and bib, back, wings and tail. There is an uneven line dividing the bib from the breast. It differs from the Venezuelan troupial in having only a small patch of white on its wings and hardly any bluish skin around its eye, and it has orange epaulettes on its shoulders whereas the Venezuelan bird does not. It could also be confused with the orange-backed troupial (Icterus croconotus), with which it was also once considered conspecific, but that species has an orange head apart from a patch of black on its forehead, a sharp dividing line between its bib and its breast, and rather more orange on its back.[10]
The campo troupial is endemic to northeastern Brazil, where its area of occurrence is estimated to be over 2,000,000 square kilometres (770,000 sq mi).[1] It typically inhabits dry scrubland and deciduous woodland, at elevations up to 700 m (2,300 ft) or more. The ranges of the Venezuelan troupial, the campo troupial and the orange-backed troupial do not overlap.[10]
The diet consists of insects and other small invertebrates, fruits and nectar; one individual was found to have 126 fly larvae in its stomach.[11] Breeding takes place during the wet season, between December and March.[11]
The campo troupial is a fairly common bird with a wide range and the population seems to be stable. For these reasons, the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as being of "least concern".[1]
The campo troupial or campo oriole (Icterus jamacaii) is a species of bird in the family Icteridae that is found in northeastern Brazil. At one time thought to be conspecific with the Venezuelan troupial and orange-backed troupial, it is now accepted as a separate species. It is a fairly common bird and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated it as a "least-concern species".
La Kampiktero (Icterus jamacaii) estas specio de birdo de la familio de Ikteredoj kaj de ties tipa genro nome Ikteroj kiu enhavas speciojn kiuj montras flavajn kaj nigrajn kolorojn. Ĝi troviĝas en granda parto de Sudameriko nome en Argentino, Bolivio, ĉefe en nordorienta Brazilo, Kolombio, Ekvadoro, Gujano, Paragvajo kaj Peruo. Ĝi loĝas en pli sekaj areoj kiaj kaatingo kaj savano, sed ankaŭ ĉe deciduaj arbaroj.
Tiu specio havas nigrajn kapon, supran bruston, mezan dorson, flugilojn kaj voston, dum estas flavoranĝaj nuko, supra dorso, pugo, subaj partoj inklude subvoston kaj ŝultromakuloj. Estas blanka flugilstrio. La suba makzelo estas klare helblugriza. Kaj klara distngilo estas blankeca iriso, malkutime inter ikteroj.
Kelkaj fakuloj kiaj Ridgely kaj Tudor kaj Howard kaj Moore traktis iam la Kampikteron kiel subspecio de la Trupialo, Icterus icterus, sed lastatempe, kiel ĉe Clements, oni konsideras ilin apartajn speciojn. La Kampiktero diferencas el la Trupialo pro oranĝa koloro pli ol blanka ĉe grandaj kovriloj, blanka flugilstrio nur en duarangaj flugilplumoj kaj tre limigita areo de blua haŭtaĵo ĉirkaŭ okuloj, dum la Oranĝadorsa iktero havas oranĝajn kronon, nukom kaj dorson.
Estas polemiko ankaŭ pri la fakto ĉu la Kampiktero konstruas siajn proprajn nestojn aŭ rabas ilin de aliaj birdoj.
La Kampiktero (Icterus jamacaii) estas specio de birdo de la familio de Ikteredoj kaj de ties tipa genro nome Ikteroj kiu enhavas speciojn kiuj montras flavajn kaj nigrajn kolorojn. Ĝi troviĝas en granda parto de Sudameriko nome en Argentino, Bolivio, ĉefe en nordorienta Brazilo, Kolombio, Ekvadoro, Gujano, Paragvajo kaj Peruo. Ĝi loĝas en pli sekaj areoj kiaj kaatingo kaj savano, sed ankaŭ ĉe deciduaj arbaroj.
El turpial brasileño (Icterus jamacaii)[2] es una especie de ave paseriforme de la familia Icteridae endémica del este de Brasil.[1]
El turpial brasileño (Icterus jamacaii) es una especie de ave paseriforme de la familia Icteridae endémica del este de Brasil.
Icterus jamacaii Icterus generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Icteridae familian sailkatua dago.
Icterus jamacaii
L'Oriole des campos (Icterus jamacaii) est une espèce d'oiseau de la famille des ictéridés.
L’Oriole des campos fréquente les habitats xériques. On le voit dans les savanes, les forêts décidues, la caatinga, les fruticées et les zones agricoles.
L’Oriole des campos ne construit pas de nid, mais vol celui d’une autre espèce. Il préfère les nids en forme de dôme, notamment ceux de l'Annumbi fagoteur, du Cacholote roux, du Tyran quiquivi et du Fournier roux. Il est parfois parasité par le Vacher luisant.
Icterus jamacaii
L'Oriole des campos (Icterus jamacaii) est une espèce d'oiseau de la famille des ictéridés.
De oranjevleugeltroepiaal (Icterus jamacaii) is een zangvogel uit de familie Icteridae (troepialen).
Deze soort is endemisch in oostelijk Brazilië.
De oranjevleugeltroepiaal (Icterus jamacaii) is een zangvogel uit de familie Icteridae (troepialen).
Campostrupial (Icterus jamacaii) er en fugl i trupialfamilien.
Campostrupial (Icterus jamacaii) er en fugl i trupialfamilien.
O corrupião (Icterus jamacaii), também conhecido como sofrê ou concriz, é uma espécie de pássaro da família Icteridae. É uma espécie endêmica do Brasil. Seu canto é muito melodioso e possui a notável capacidade de imitar cantos de outras aves, além de sons musicais.[1]
Seu nome científico significa: do (grego) ikterus = amarelo; e do (tupi) jamacaí = pássaro que come lagartas. - (pássaro amarelo que come lagartas).[2]
Este pássaro quando adulto mede entre 23 e 26 centímetros de comprimento, o macho tem peso médio de 67,3 gramas e a fêmea de 58,5 gramas. Os indivíduos jovens apresentam plumagem amarelada, em contraste com adultos, que possuem coloração geral alaranjada e preta, sendo a parte inferior do peito laranja intensa(as vezes quase vermelho), capuz e dorso pretos, e asas pretas com manchas brancas visíveis. O bico é longo, pontiagudo, de cor escura, e as pernas e os dedos são acinzentados. É praticamente inexistente o dimorfismo sexual nesta espécie.
O Icterus jamacaii possui um belíssimo canto, que é um dos principais motivos para sua criação em cativeiro, e tem a capacidade de imitar o canto de outras aves, ou outras melodias que se lhe ensine.
Ocorre exclusivamente nas regiões Nordeste, parte do Centro-Oeste e Sudeste do Brasil, sendo uma espécie endêmica do país. Lentamente vem se aproximando para o leste do Pará, causado pelo desmatamento que cria áreas abertas e secas, favorecendo o corrupião. Isso além de ser um sinal negativo do desflorestamento da região Amazônica, pode causar danos à outras aves, pois o corrupião costuma invadir o ninho de outros pássaros e comer seus ovos.[3]
Existem relatos da suposta ocorrência do Icterus jamacaii na Argentina, Bolívia, Colômbia, Equador, Guiana Francesa, Peru e Venezuela, porém muitas vezes são resultado de identificação errônea e até mesmo prováveis solturas no local, uma vez que os membros da família Icteridae são similares e possuem distribuição ampla na América do Sul e América Central.
Habita campos arborizados, cerrado, catinga, regiões abertas e secas. É comum pousar em cactáceas nas áreas da caatinga, e povoar em bordas de florestas e clareiras, nos locais mais úmidos. Nos locais mais secos, de cerrado e caatinga, procura avidamente as fontes de água, tanto para matar a sede como para tomar banho.[4][5]
É onívoro, alimenta-se a várias alturas, com preferência para a vegetação mais baixa. Consomem frutos, sementes, insetos, aranhas e outros pequenos invertebrados. Comem também néctar de flores e frutos de cactos. Uma curiosidade, é o consumo da flor de ipê-amarelo e mulungu, que atuam na coloração de sua plumagem.
O corrupião pode se tornar um problema em regiões em que antes não habitava, por invadir e se alimentar também, de ovos de ninhos de outras espécies.
Reproduz entre a primavera e verão, atinge a maturidade sexual de 18 a 24 meses. Pode construir seu próprio ninho, mas costuma ocupar ninhos de outras espécies para procriar (ex.: bem-te-vi e joão-de-barro), cada ninhada geralmente tem entre 2 e 3 ovos, e 14 dias de incubação.
Por ser apreciada pela beleza e canto, as principais ameaças são a caça indiscriminada e tráfico de animais silvestres, assim como a destruição de seu habitat.
O corrupião vive em pares, não costuma acompanhar bandos mistos de aves. Podem se postar de modo estranho quando cantam, ficando de cabeça para baixo, esticando o pescoço para cima ou eriçando as penas. Tem o hábito de invadir ninhos de outras espécies, expulsando os donos e jogando para fora seus ovos ou suas crias. Mas criadores do Icterus jamacaii, alegam ser mansos quando criados em cativeiro.[4] Podem porém dar bicadas mas não chegar a machucar.
O corrupião (Icterus jamacaii), também conhecido como sofrê ou concriz, é uma espécie de pássaro da família Icteridae. É uma espécie endêmica do Brasil. Seu canto é muito melodioso e possui a notável capacidade de imitar cantos de outras aves, além de sons musicais.
Campostrupial[2] (Icterus jamacaii) är en fågel i familjen trupialer inom ordningen tättingar.[3] Fågeln förekommer i låglänta områden i östra Brasilien.[3] IUCN kategoriserar arten som livskraftig.[1]
Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Campostrupial.
Wikispecies har information om Icterus jamacaii.
Campostrupial (Icterus jamacaii) är en fågel i familjen trupialer inom ordningen tättingar. Fågeln förekommer i låglänta områden i östra Brasilien. IUCN kategoriserar arten som livskraftig.
Icterus jamacaii là một loài chim trong họ Icteridae.[1] Loài chim này được được tìm thấy ở đông bắc Brazil. Đã từng được cho là trùng với loài Icterus Venezuela, nay loài nagy được chấp nhận như một loài riêng. Đây là một loài chim khá phổ biến và Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế đã đánh giá nó như là một loài "ít quan tâm".
Icterus jamacaii là một loài chim trong họ Icteridae. Loài chim này được được tìm thấy ở đông bắc Brazil. Đã từng được cho là trùng với loài Icterus Venezuela, nay loài nagy được chấp nhận như một loài riêng. Đây là một loài chim khá phổ biến và Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế đã đánh giá nó như là một loài "ít quan tâm".
