Toxostoma curvirostre (Swainson 1827)

Les especies d'aves con nome común en llingua asturiana márquense como ^NOA. En casu contrariu, conséñase'l nome científicu o de la SEO.

'''Toxostoma curvirostre^[2] ye una especie d'ave paseriforme de la familia Mimidae mesma de Méxicu y el sur de los Estaos Xuníos.

Un cuitlacoche adultu mide ente 24 y 29 cm de llargu. La cola ye llarga; el plumaxe de les partes cimeres pardu buxu y nes partes inferiores ye claru. Estremar d'otros cuitlacoches similares pel so picu llargu y curvu, y pola presencia de rayes escures nel pechu claru. El güeyu de los adultos ye anaranxáu o colloráu, ente que los individuos inmaduros tienen los güeyos mariellos.

Ye un habitante común de los desiertos del suroeste d'Estaos Xuníos, dende Arizona hasta Texas. En Méxicu vive dende'l desiertu de Sonora, nos estaos de Sonora y Chihuahua, y la so distribución estender al sur al traviés de l'altiplanicie Mexicana hasta les zones altes d'Oaxaca. Vive en desiertos y zones semidesérticas, en vexetaciones de carbes, de parrotales y cactus, pero tamién suel presentase nes llendes de los montes y ye un habitante relativamente común en xardinos y parques urbanos de la ciudá de Méxicu.

Alimentar nel suelu, y la so dieta consiste de pequeños frutos, inseutos, viermes o moluscos. Xeneralmente son aves solitaries, pero pueden alimentase en pareyes y formar grupos alimenticios con otres especies d'aves.

Referencies

Bibliografía

• Peterson, Roger Tory, y Edward L. Chalif. 2008. Aves de Méxicu. Guía de campu. Editorial Diana, Méxicu.

Enllaces esternos

• Wikimedia Commons tien conteníu multimedia tocante a Toxostoma curvirostre.

Ar risweer beg kromm (liester : risweered beg kromm)^[1] a zo ur spesad golvaneged, Toxostoma curvirostre an anv skiantel anezhañ.

Anvet e voe Orpheus curvirostris (kentanv) da gentañ-penn (e 1827) gant an evnoniour saoz William Swainson (1789-1855).

Doareoù pennañ

Boued

Ur spesad amprevanetaer eo hag a glask e breizhoù war an douar.

Annez hag isspesadoù

Ar spesad a gaver ar seizh isspesad^[2] anezhañ :

• Toxostoma curvirostre celsum, e kreisteiz-kreiz Stadoù-Unanet Amerika (SUA) ha hanternoz-kreiz Mec'hiko,
• T. c. curvirostre, e kreiz ha kreisteiz-kreiz Mec'hiko,
• T. c. insularum, en inizi er-maez da greiz aodoù stad Sonora (gwalarn Mec'hiko),
• T. c. maculatum, e kreiz Sonora, mervent Chihuahua ha hanternoz Sinaloa (gwalarn Mec'hiko),
• T. c. oberholseri, e kreisteiz Texas (kreisteiz SUA) ha biz Mec'hiko,
• T. c. occidentale, e kornôg-kreiz Mec'hiko,
• T. c. palmeri, eus mervent SUA da greiz Sonora (gwalarn Mec'hiko).

Liammoù diavaez

• (en) Toxostoma curvirostre war al lec'hienn BirdLife International.
• (en) Toxostoma curvirostre war lec'hienn an International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

Notennoù ha daveennoù

El fuet beccorb^[1] (Toxostoma curvirostre) és una espècie d'ocell de la família dels mímids pròpia de Mèxic i el sud dels Estats Units.

Referències

Aderyn a rhywogaeth o adar yw Tresglen grymbig (sy'n enw benywaidd; enw lluosog: tresglod crymbig) a adnabyddir hefyd gyda'i enw gwyddonol Toxostoma curvirostre; yr enw Saesneg arno yw Curve-billed thrasher. Mae'n perthyn i deulu'r Gwatwarwyr (Lladin: Mimidae) sydd yn urdd y Passeriformes.^[1]

Talfyrir yr enw Lladin yn aml yn T. curvirostre, sef enw'r rhywogaeth.^[2] Mae'r rhywogaeth hon i'w chanfod yng Ngogledd America.

Teulu

Mae'r tresglen grymbig yn perthyn i deulu'r Gwatwarwyr (Lladin: Mimidae). Dyma rai o aelodau eraill y teulu:

Rhestr Wicidata:

Gweler hefyd

• Rhestr Goch yr IUCN

Cyfeiriadau

Cuitlacochtōtōtl ahnōzo Cuitlacochin (Toxostoma curvirostre), tōtōtl.

The curve-billed thrasher (Toxostoma curvirostre) is a medium-sized mimid native to most of Mexico and to the deserts of southwestern United States. It is a non-migratory species, and throughout most of its range it is the most common desert thrasher.^[2] Several subspecies have been classified since 1827, though there is no consensus on the number. Allopatric speciation is believed to have played a major role in the variations of the curve-billed. It is grey-brown overall with a slightly curved bill, and is similar in appearance to the related Bendire's thrasher. It generally resides in desert regions of the United States and Mexico, but can inhabit areas predominately populated by humans.

The demeanor of the curve-billed has been described as "shy and rather wild", but it allows humans to view it closely.^[3] It is very aggressive in driving out potential threats, whether competitors for food or predators of its chicks. The curve-billed thrasher sometimes mimics several other species, though not to the extent of other mimids. It has a variety of distinctive songs, and this extensive repertoire of melodies has led it to be known as cuicacoche (songbird) in Mexico.^[4]

Taxonomy and systematics

Atop a cholla cactus in Kingman, Arizona.

The species was first described as Toxostoma curvirostre by William John Swainson in 1827. Since then, six subspecies have been recognized, and have been divided into two branches.^[5] Genetic research has indicated that the curve-billed thrasher is the sister species of a clade consisting of the ocellated thrasher, brown thrasher, long-billed thrasher, and Cozumel thrasher.^[6] This contrasts with an earlier suggestion that curve-billed and ocellated thrashers are closest relatives.^[6]

Subspecies

Eastern:

• T. c. oberholseri (Law, 1928) – Brownsville thrasher. Generally ranges from SE Texas to NE Mexico (E Coahuila, Nuevo León and Tamaulipas).^[7][8]
• T. c. curvirostre (Swainson, 1827) – Ranges from Central to South-Central Mexico (towards Puebla, Oaxaca, and Veracruz).^[5][7]
• T. c. celsum (R. T. Moore, 1941) – plateau thrasher. Range spans from SE Colorado, SW Kansas, extreme NW Oklahoma to S/SE Arizona, S New Mexico and W Texas to Northern Mexico (E Chihuahua to Guanajuato and Jalisco).^[5][7]

Western:

• T. c. insularum (van Rossem, 1930) – San Esteban thrasher. Located in the Islands of San Esteban and Tiburón off the coast of Sonora in the Gulf of California.^[5][7]
• T. c. maculatum (Nelson, 1900) – spotted thrasher. Found in NW Mexico (S Sonora, N Sinaloa, SW Chihuahua).^[5][7]
• T. c. occidentale (Ridgway, 1882) – Mazatlan thrasher. Located in Western Mexico (from Sinaloa and Nayarit to Jalisco).^[5][7]
• T. c. palmeri (Coues, 1872) – Palmer's thrasher. Range is S Arizona, N Sorona and Chihuahua.^[5][7] This species is the representative of the western species, and was suggested to have enough variations to be considered a different species from T.c. curvirostre.^[9] T.c. palmeri was also used in a 2009 proposal by the American Ornithologists' Union to be elevated to species status, along with the eastern T.c. curvisrostre representing the eastern curve-billed thrashers.^[10]

Description

Perched in a mesquite tree at the Desert Botanical Garden, Arizona

The curve-billed thrasher is immediately recognized as a thrasher by its long tail and short wings.^[5] It is also recognized for its sickle-shaped bill, almost as long as its head width and brownish black in color. The body is compact with a large head, short wings and long tail. However, the tail is short relative to other thrasher species.^[2] The chest is grayish brown with circular brown-gray spots.^[5] The eyes are generally orange, shading to golden in adulthood.^[2] Juveniles are lacking in pale tips, rectrices, abdominal feathers are unkempt and upper parts and chest are washed rufously.^[5]

Variations are markedly different with each subspecies. The eastern subspecies has more distinct spots on its chest, more white along the tips and rectrices and obvious wing bars. T.c. palmeri has less spotting on chest and tips and less obvious wing bars. Other examples include T.c. curvirostre possessing longer wings and a tail than T.c. oberholseri; T.c. insularum is paler with more grey than T.c. palmeri and has more visible spotting on its breast.^[5]

One study published in 2003 suggested that curve-billed speciation was due to climate, which could be explained by molt and feather wear. The same study suggested that the Sierra Madre Occidental acts as a barrier to initiate differentiation within the species.^[9]

Measurements:^[11]

• Length: 10.6–11.0 in (27–28 cm)
• Weight: 2.1–3.3 oz (60–94 g)
• Wingspan: 13.4–13.6 in (34–35 cm)

Voice and song

The most distinctive voice of the curve-billed is an abrupt and brash whit-wheet, which sounds akin to a person whistling to get one's attention.^[12][13] It is usually uttered from high perches.^[3] The songs are similar to that of the northern mockingbird but notes do not end as abruptly; its voice is regarded as more pleasant.^[4] The curve-billed can utter songs consecutively two or three times, the length spanning from 2 to 15 seconds.^[14] Some phrases are nasal and buzzy; its large vocabulary enables it to conjure successive songs that are usually different from one another.^[14]

As a mimid it is capable of mimicking several species, including scissor-tailed flycatcher, northern cardinal, pyrrhuloxia and, in one instance, a black-headed grosbeak.^[3][15]

Similar species

Because its coloration is similar to Bendire's thrasher, the two birds are easily mistaken for one another. The bill of the curve-billed is all black, while that of Bendire's is paler down to the lower mandible, showing a dark grey with a basal area that does not feature a stark contrast.^[16] The upper and lower mandibles of the curve-billed are curved, while the upper is curved and lower is essentially straight for the Bendires'.^[16][17] Although geographic variances for the curve-billed can make discerning breast patterns difficult, the curve-billed has a tendency to display larger and rounder spots overall on its breast, in contrast to the Bendires' smaller, more pronounced markings shaped like arrowheads.^[16] However, curve-billed thrashers can also present this feature.^[16] Bendires' typically have yellow eyes while curve-billed eyes are typically orange, but Bendires' can have variations that appear yellow-orange while some curve-billed eyes are red-orange, yellow-orange, or yellow.^[16][17] The curve-billed is heavier and is more likely to inhabit suburban regions; Bendires' are likely to avoid dense vegetation such as mesquite and prefers open grassland with scattered yucca or around hedgegrows in agricultural areas.^[2][16] The song call of Bendire's is said to be more melodic and continuous with a chuck, while the curve-billed is known for its whit-wheet calls.^[2]

Some of the aforementioned differences, such as streaks on the breast, bill shape and eye color are even more prominent in juveniles of the two species.^[16][17]

Habitat and distribution

On a saguaro, whose nearly open blooms will provide important food

The curve-billed thrasher is commonly found throughout the southwestern United States from Arizona's Sonoran Desert across New Mexico to west Texas, southeastern Colorado and southwestern Kansas as well as most of Mexico from the Sonoran-Chihuahuan Deserts and south through the Mexican Plateau into Central Tamaulipas, inland to Oaxaca, and on the coast of Sonora to Nayarit.^[2][5] Vagrants have been found in bordering states of its range, as far north as North Dakota, Alberta and Manitoba and as far east as Florida.^[5] Palmeri types have been spotted in Florida, while curvirostre have been found in Iowa on several occasions.^[5] Other than previously noted exceptions, the curve-billed is essentially non-vagrant.^[2]

In comparison with other desert thrashers, the curve-billed is not as particular with habitats and can be found from ground level up to 3,000 m (9,800 ft).^[5] It generally resides where cholla and saguaro cacti, ocotillo, mesquites, palo verde, and creosote bushes are prevalent.^[4] It can also be located along woodland edges, piñon, dry desert bushland and areas within its region where cacti are present.^[2] If there is an adequate amount of desert vegetation near human habitation, along with feeders, the curve-billed can adapt within these environments.^[2]

Behavior and ecology

The curve-billed thrasher can generally be found running rapidly from cover to cover or flying near ground level from bush to bush.^[5] However, this bird is not shy about being in the open.^[2] It is generally a forager on ground level but can be very aggressive in routing out potential competitors for food at feeders, such as the Inca dove and round-tailed ground squirrel.^[4][5]

Mating

One recorded case of courtship behavior involving curve-billed thrashers describes two males attacking each other vigorously and resorting to purring and hissings sounds when neither bird appeared to relent. The two males then puffed up their chests and strutted up and down in front of the female. They continued to alternate between purr and hiss and fighting one another until one triumphed. The victor flew towards the female and both chirped melodically before copulation.^[4]

Breeding

Nest with eggs in a cactus, showing off the open cup construction

The curve-billed breeding season begins in February and reaches an apex between March and May; however, new fledglings have been recorded as late as August. Dates vary within its range due to temperature and rainfall.^[3][5] Nests are generally built at conspicuous locations, the cholla being favored.^[3][5] Other potential nesting sites range from mesquite, prickly pear or yucca to the occasional oak and pine trees.^[3][5] The nest is generally a deep cup but can be flat with a depression for the eggs.^[3] The outer layer consists of thorny twigs while the inner layer includes smooth sticks, roots, coarse and fine grasses, rootlets or hair.^[3][5]

Curve-billed thrasher chicks in a nest constructed between branches of cholla cactus.

Both sexes build the nest; the building periods can be as brief as three days to as long as four weeks.^[3] Egg count differs by location; the number has been as low as two and as high as five.^[5] Egg color varies; they can appear bluish green to pale yellowish blue, spotted abundantly in reddish brown.^[5] Both sexes incubate but the female is mainly responsible as well as being the sole provider of brooding.^[3] Curve-billed parents defend their nests fervently against other species; snakes are the most frequent predators of eggs and nestlings. Curved-billed Thrashers are rarely victims of nest parasitism by cowbirds.^[3][5] In situations where food is scarce, parents feed older fledglings first.^[3] The fledging period ranges from 11 to 18 days.^[5]

Feeding

The curve-billed thrasher is an omnivore. Its diet includes invertebrates such as beetles, moths, butterflies, arachnids, and snails.^[3][5] It also eats vegetable matter, and fruits from cacti, prickly pear, hackberries, and anacua, among other plants. The curve-billed has also been spotted eating dog food, and will feed it to their chicks.^[3] They are ground feeders, and not well adapting to climbing on branches. Thrashers will take surface prey, but will also dig holes more than 2 inches (5.1 cm) deep to search for food. Curve-billeds will also sip nectar from saguaro blossoms and eat insects trapped within, serving as pollinators in the process. They also have great love for the resulting saguaro fruits, which is an important source of water in dry months.^[18]:168-187

Threats

Predators, which mainly focus on young birds, include snakes, coyotes, and roadrunners. This may account for very low brood success in the species, as only 20% of nests are successful in a year.^[18]:183-185

Curve-billed thrashers share a very similar range to the cactus wren, as well as a favorite species to nest in: the jumping cholla. Because of this, interspecific conflict is frequent. Fights over food are rare, but fights to protect fledglings are heated. They will vigorously work to destroy each other's nests, although typically only roosting nests, not breeding nests, are destroyed. Despite this, nests of curve-billeds and cactus wrens may still be concurrently and successfully raised even feet away from each other. Anderson & Anderson noted a minimum nest distance of a highly unusual 15 centimetres (neither nest was destroyed by the either throughout the entire season), although average interspecies nest distances were well over thirty metres. Nest destruction is almost always unsuccessful, and less intense, during breeding times, as both species adamantly defend their own nests. Once breeding season wanes, and fledglings emerge, competition becomes more fierce.^[18]:168-187

Status

Although its populations is declining, the curve-billed thrasher is rated as a species of least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.^[1]

References

El cuicacoche piquicurvo (Toxostoma curvirostre)^[2]​ es una especie de ave paseriforme de la familia Mimidae propia de México y el sur de los Estados Unidos. Un cuicacoche adulto mide entre 24 y 29 cm de largo. Su cola es larga; el plumaje de las partes superiores pardo grisáceo y en las partes inferiores es claro. Se distingue de otros cuicacoches similares por su pico largo y curvo, y por la presencia de rayas oscuras en el pecho claro. El ojo de los adultos es anaranjado o rojo, mientras que los individuos inmaduros tienen los ojos amarillos. Es un habitante común de los desiertos del suroeste de Estados Unidos, desde Arizona hasta Texas. En México vive desde el desierto de Sonora, en los estados de Sonora y Chihuahua, y su distribución se extiende al sur a través de la altiplanicie Mexicana hasta las zonas altas de Oaxaca. Vive en desiertos y zonas semidesérticas, en vegetaciones de matorrales, de arbustos y cactus, pero también suele presentarse en los límites de los bosques y es un habitante relativamente común en jardines y parques urbanos de la ciudad de México. Se alimenta en el suelo, y su dieta consiste de pequeños frutos, insectos, gusanos o moluscos. Generalmente son aves solitarias, pero pueden alimentarse en parejas y formar grupos alimenticios con otras especies de aves.

Referencias

Bibliografía

• Peterson, Roger Tory, y Edward L. Chalif. 2008. Aves de México. Guía de campo. Editorial Diana, México.
• Berlanga, H., H. Gómez de Silva, V. M. Vargas-Canales, V. Rodriguez-Contreras, L. A. Sánchez-González, R. Ortega-Álvarez y R. Calderón-Parra (2015). Aves de México: Lista actualizada de especies y nombres comunes. CONABIO. México, D.F.

Toxostoma curvirostre Toxostoma generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Mimidae familian sailkatua dago.

Erreferentziak

Kanpo estekak

• World Bird Names

Ikus, gainera

• Toxostoma
• Mimidae

Lavertajasirppimatkija (Toxostoma curvirostre)^[2] on matkijoiden heimoon kuuluva varpuslintu.

Levinneisyys

Lavertajasirppimatkijaa tavataan Meksikossa ja Yhdysvaltain eteläosissa. Lajin kannankehitys on laskeva, mutta sen ei uskota olevan vaarassa, ja se on luokiteltu elinvoimaiseksi.^[1]

Lähteet

Toxostoma curvirostre

Le Moqueur à bec courbe (Toxostoma curvirostre) est une espèce d'oiseau de la famille des Mimidae.

Description morphologique

Cet oiseau de 24 à 29 cm de longueur possède un long bec courbé noir, des pattes noires et des yeux d'un rouge-orangé pâle. Le dessus du plumage est gris-brun et le dessous gris-beige, avec quelques rayures peu visibles sur la poitrine. La longue queue est plus sombre que le reste du corps et de fines barres alaires plus pâles peuvent parfois se voir sur les ailes^[1].

Comportement

Alimentation

Cet oiseau insectivore cherche ses proies au sol.

Relations intra- et interspécifiques

Les vocalisations du Moqueur à bec courbe sont de longs chants un peu haletants, mais ne comportant que très peu voire pas du tout de phrases répétitives. Les appels sont des ouit-ouiit un peu interrogatifs.

Répartition et habitat

Le Moqueur à bec courbe vit dans les déserts de cactus du Mexique et du sud des États-Unis

Cet oiseau est un résident permanent des déserts de cactus du sud-ouest des États-Unis, et du Mexique. Son aire de répartition couvre le sud de l'Arizona, le sud et l'ouest du Texas et s'étend au sud jusqu'au Mexique.

Systématique

Liste des sous-espèces

Selon Catalogue of Life (1 avr. 2012)^[2] :

• sous-espèce Toxostoma curvirostre celsum
• sous-espèce Toxostoma curvirostre curvirostre (Swainson, 1827)
• sous-espèce Toxostoma curvirostre oberholseri
• sous-espèce Toxostoma curvirostre palmeri

Galerie

• Œufs

• Poussins

Notes et références

De krombekspotlijster (Toxostoma curvirostre) is een vogelsoort uit de familie Mimidae die voorkomt in het zuidwesten van de Verenigde Staten en het noorden van Mexico.

De soort telt zeven ondersoorten:

• T. c. palmeri: van de zuidwestelijke Verenigde Staten tot centraal Sonora.
• T. c. maculatum: zuidelijk Sonora, zuidwestelijk Chihuahua en noordelijk Sinaloa.
• T. c. insularum: de eilanden nabij de kust van centraal Sonora.
• T. c. occidentale: het westelijke deel van Centraal-Mexico.
• T. c. celsum: de zuidelijk-centrale Verenigde Staten en het noordelijke deel van Centraal-Mexico.
• T. c. oberholseri: zuidelijk Texas en noordoostelijk Mexico.
• T. c. curvirostre: centraal en het zuidelijke deel van Centraal-Mexico.

Galerij

• Nest met eieren en een kuiken

• Krombekspotlijster

Przedrzeźniacz krzywodzioby (Toxostoma curvirostre) – gatunek ptaka z rodziny przedrzeźniaczy (Mimidae).

Systematyka

Wyróżniono kilka podgatunków T. curvirostre^[4][2][5]:

• przedrzeźniacz pustynny (Toxostoma curvirostre palmeri) – południowo-zachodnie USA do północnej Sonory (północno-zachodni Meksyk).
• Toxostoma curvirostre maculatum – południowa Sonora, południowo-zachodnia Chihuahua i północna Sinaloa (północno-zachodni Meksyk).
• Toxostoma curvirostre insularum – wyspy w pobliżu wybrzeży środkowej Sonory (północno-zachodni Meksyk).
• Toxostoma curvirostre occidentale– zachodnio-środkowy Meksyk.
• Toxostoma curvirostre celsum – południowo-środkowe USA i północno-środkowy Meksyk.
• Toxostoma curvirostre oberholseri– południowy Teksas (południowe USA) i północno-wschodni Meksyk.
• przedrzeźniacz krzywodzioby (Toxostoma curvirostre curvirostre) – środkowy i południowo-środkowy Meksyk.

Morfologia i tryb życia

Długość ciała 24-29 cm. Wierzch ciała jasny, szarobrązowy; spód szaropłowy, z ciemnymi plamami układającymi się w podłużne rzędy. Wyraźne białe rogi długiego ogona oraz białe przepaski na skrzydłach można nie zaobserwować u niektórych osobników, szczególnie tych z południowej i zachodniej Arizony. Dziób ma długi, zakrzywiony, tęczówki jaskrawo pomarańczowo-czerwone. Biega i skacze po ziemi, grzebiąc w niej dziobem. Lata nisko i szybko.

Zasięg, środowisko

Pospolity w zakrzaczeniach i zaroślach kaktusowych suchych regionów południowo-zachodniej i południowo-środkowej Ameryki Północnej. Zimuje w południowej części zasięgu występowania.

Przypisy

Bibliografia

1. Wiesław Dudziński, Marek Keller, Andrew Gosler: Atlas ptaków świata. Warszawa: Oficyna Wydawnicza Multico, 2000. ISBN 83-7073-059-0.

Bågnäbbad härmtrast ^[2](Toxostoma curvirostre) är en fågel i familjen härmtrastar inom ordningen tättingar.^[3]

Utbredning och systematik

Bågnäbbad härmtrast delas in i sju underarter med följande utbredning:^[3]

• curvirostre-gruppen
  • Toxostoma curvirostre celsum – sydöstra Arizona till västra Texas och norra Mexiko (nordöstra Sonora till västra Coahuila)
  • Toxostoma curvirostre oberholseri – södra Texas till nordöstra Mexiko (östra Coahuila, Nuevo León och Tamaulipas)
  • Toxostoma curvirostre curvirostre – södra Mexiko (sydöstra Jalisco till Guerrero, Mexiko, Puebla och Oaxaca)
• palmeri-gruppen
  • Toxostoma curvirostre palmeri – arida södra Arizona till västra Mexiko (centrala Sonora)
  • Toxostoma curvirostre maculatum – nordvästra Mexiko (södra Sonora till norra Sinaloa och sydvästra Chihuahua)
  • Toxostoma curvirostre insularum – öar i Californiaviken (San Esteban och Tiburón)
  • Toxostoma curvirostre occidentale – nordvästra Mexiko (södra Sinaloa, Nayarit, nordvästra Jalisco och västra Durango)

Underartsgruppen palmeri har föreslagits utgöra en egen art.

Status och hot

Arten har ett stort utbredningsområde och en stor population, men tros minska i antal, dock inte tillräckligt kraftigt för att den ska betraktas som hotad.^[1] IUCN kategoriserar därför arten som livskraftig (LC).^[1]

Bilder

Noter

1. ^ [a b c] Birdlife International 2012 Toxostoma curvirostre Från: IUCN 2015. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2015.4 www.iucnredlist.org. Läst 2016-02-01.
2. ^ Sveriges ornitologiska förening (2016) Officiella listan över svenska namn på världens fågelarter Arkiverad 18 oktober 2014 hämtat från the Wayback Machine., läst 2016-02-10
3. ^ [a b] Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood (2016) The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 2016 http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download, läst 2016-08-11

Externa länkar

• Wikimedia Commons har media som rör bågnäbbad härmtrast.
  Bilder & media
• Wikispecies har information om Toxostoma curvirostre.
  Artförteckning

Toxostoma curvirostre là một loài chim trong họ Mimidae.^[2]

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Tham khảo

• Dữ liệu liên quan tới Toxostoma curvirostre tại Wikispecies

Bài viết Bộ Sẻ này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.

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