Diagnostic Description
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Diagnosis: Pseudobarbus verloreni can be distinguished from its congeners by distinct linear speckles above and below the lateral line, anterior barbels minute and much smaller than eye diameter, lips unretracted, and cartilaginous plate absent (Ref. 98574). It is distinguished from all other species of Pseudobarbus, except P. skeltoni, P. burchelli and P. burgi, by the presence of two pairs of oral barbels (Ref. 98574). It is distinguished from P. skeltoni, P. burchelli and P. burgi by having a deeper body relative to standard length, smaller anterior barbels and a shorter snout relative to head length (Ref. 98574). Further, Pseudobarbus verloreni is distinguished from P. skeltoni by having a sub-terminal mouth vs. terminal in P. skeltoni and a smaller head relative to standard length; it is distinguished from P. burchelli and P. skeltoni by a deeper head, wider distance between the eyes, larger eye relative to head length, shorter posterior barbel relative to head length, wider post-orbit distance, shallower caudal peduncle and generally fewer scales along the lateral line; it is distinguished from P. burchelli and P. burgi by lack of cartilaginous plate on lower lip and having unretracted lips; and it is distinguished from P. burgi by its longer head, longer predorsal length, shorter caudal peduncle and larger eye (Ref. 98574).Description: The body is fusiform, more or less laterally compressed, with a conspicuous lateral stripe from the posterior edge of the head terminating in a dark spot at the base of the caudal peduncle; the lateral band is more pronounced in juveniles and sub-adults, but is less conspicuous in adults; distinct linear speckles are present on the abdomen (Ref. 98574). The head is relatively small and slightly depressed; head length is almost equal to body depth (Ref. 98574). Two pairs of barbels; rostral barbels minute and much smaller than eye diameter; maxillary barbels rooted at the corner of the mouth are longer than rostral barbels and are equal or smaller than eye diameter (Ref. 98574). Eyes are relatively large, located dorsolaterally, closer to the tip of the snout than the caudal margin of the operculum, interorbital space is flat (Ref. 98574). Mouth is sub-terminal, lower lip is unretracted and lacks a cartilaginous plate (Ref. 98574). Snout is relatively short, only few nuptial tubercles present or tubercles are completely lacking (Ref. 98574). Dorsal fin with 3 unbranched and 7-8 branched rays, distal margin almost straight, anterior base of dorsal fin inserted directly above or slightly in front of the origin of pelvic fins; origin of dorsal fin inserted almost midway between tip of snout and base of caudal fin; pectoral fins with 13-16 rays, shorter than head length, reaching beyond halfway to pelvic fin origin; pelvic fin with 7-9 rays, shorter than head, posterior edge gently rounded, reaching the anus in males and within one or two scale rows to the anus in females; anal fin with 3-4 unbranched and 5 branched rays, distal margin almost straight or gently rounded, origin inserted closer to origin of pelvic fin than base of caudal fin; caudal fin forked, shorter than head length (Ref. 98574). Genital opening situated adjacent to anterior base of anal fin (Ref. 98574). Scales moderately large; lateral line complete, 29-36 scales along lateral line; 5-6 scale rows between dorsal fin origin and lateral line; 4-5 scale rows between pelvic fin origin and lateral line; 4-5 scale rows between lateral line and anal fin origin; 12-16 circumpeduncular scale rows (Ref. 98574). Predorsal scale rows 13-18, embedded in skin, smaller than flank scales; patch between head and posterior base of pectoral fins naked; scales between posterior base of pectoral fins and anterior base of pelvic fins smaller than flank scales and embedded; pelvic fins lack prominent or elongate axillary scales; scales radiately striated (Ref. 98574).Colouration: Live colouration is golden-tan dorsally and laterally, becoming lighter and more silver ventrally; in adults, base of fins is pale red or yellowish-orange in some specimens (Ref. 98574). Alcohol preserved specimens have conspicuous linear speckles above and below the lateral line (Ref. 98574).
Morphology
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Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10 - 11; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 8 - 9; Vertebrae: 34 - 37
Biology
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Spawning possibly occurs around October-December, based on the general patterns of congeners (Ref. 98574).
Importance
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fisheries:
Verlorenvlei redfin
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The Verlorenvlei redfin (Pseudobarbus verloreni) is a species of barb endemic to the Verlorenvlei River in South Africa.[1]
Etymology
The Verlorenvlei redfin takes its name from the Verlorenvlei River, its only remaining habitat.[1]
Description
The species can be distinguished from the related P. skeltoni, P. burchelli, and P. burgi by two pairs of barbels around the mouth. Upon dissection, it can also be distinguished by the length of its intestine, which is longer (relative to body length) than any other species of Pseudobarbus.[1]
Individuals of Pseudobarbus verloreni grow 53.3–70.8 millimetres (2.10–2.79 in) long.[2] The species has large eyes and a compressed snout. General coloration is golden, with a silver ventral surface. A lateral stripe runs from behind the head to a dark spot on the caudal peduncle. Fins are often red or orange around the base.[1]
Reproduction and development
The species is believed to spawn between October and December.[1]
The lateral band fades as the individual matures. Furthermore, the reddish coloration around the fins is only found on adult specimens.[1]
Range and habitat
The Verlorenvlei redfin is endemic to lowland waterways in western South Africa, more specifically the Verlorenvlei River system. It is also believed to have previously occupied the Langvlei River.[1]
The Verlorenvlei River is a slow flowing river with a bottom of sand, silt, or mud. During the rainy season, it becomes swift and turbulent, and during the dry season (late summer and autumn), it dries up into a series of separate pools.[1]
Discovery
The Berg River redfin was originally believed to be found in the Berg, Verlorenvlei, Langvlei, and Eerste rivers, before disappearing from the latter two. A 1988 study by Paul Skelton found that specimens from the Verlorenvlei River differed markedly from the Berg River population, having a longer intestine and a greater length between the snout and the dorsal fin. It was confirmed that the populations were genetically dissimilar in a 2000 paper published in the Journal of Heredity, which indicated that they had been isolated for 0.5–2.3 million years, setting the date of divergence during the Pleistocene.[1][3] Two more papers, published in 2009 and 2013, reiterated the differentiation, and the Verlorenvlei population was assigned to a new species, Pseudobarbus verloreni, in 2014.[1]
Conservation status
P. verloreni is an endangered species, after it was exterminated from one of its two habitats, the Langvlei River system, between 1986 and 2001. It is believed to have disappeared due to the river being emptied during the dry season for agriculture.[1]
Threats faced by the species include habitat loss as water is drained for irrigation, as well as predation by the introduced black bass and competition from native and invasive species such as the Banded tilapia, Mozambique tilapia, and common carp.[1]
References
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^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Chakona, Albert; Swartz, Ernst R.; Skelton, Paul H. (11 November 2014). "A new species of redfin (Teleostei, Cyprinidae, Pseudobarbus) from the Verlorenvlei River system, South Africa". ZooKeys. Pensoft (453): 121–137. doi:10.3897/zookeys.453.8072. PMC 4258629. PMID 25493062. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
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^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2014). "Pseudobarbus verloreni" in FishBase. April 2014 version.
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^ Bloomer, P.; Impson, N. D. (2000). "Mitochondrial DNA differentiation in the critically endangered Berg River redfin (Pseudobarbus burgi)" (PDF). Journal of Heredity. American Genetic Association. 91 (2): 122–127. doi:10.1093/jhered/91.2.122. PMID 10768125. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
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Verlorenvlei redfin: Brief Summary
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The Verlorenvlei redfin (Pseudobarbus verloreni) is a species of barb endemic to the Verlorenvlei River in South Africa.
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- Wikipedia authors and editors
