Cambarus bartonii (Fabricius 1798)

Cambarus (Cambarus) bartonii (Fabricius)

Astacus Bartonii Fabricius, 1798:407.

Astacus ciliaris Rafinesque, 1817:42. [Types not extant. Type- locality, brooks near Fishkill, Dutchess County, and Newburg, Orange County, New York.]

Astacus pusillus Rafinesque, 1817:42. [Types not extant. Type-locality, brooks in New York, near “Saratoga, Lake George, Lake Champlain, Utica, Oswego, &c.”]

Astacus bartonii.—De Kay, 1844:22.

Astacus Bartoni.—Tellkamp, 1845:85.

Astacus (Cambarus) Bartonii.—Erichson, 1846:97.

Cambarus Bartonii.—Girard, 1852:88.

Cambarus montanus Girard, 1852:88 [Types destroyed in the Chicago fire in 1871; paratype (?), ANSP 322 (II), from James River, Virginia. Type-locality, restricted by Ortmann, 1931:114, “Tributary of James River, Rockbridge County, Virginia.”]

Cambarus Bartoni.—Hagen, 1870:30.

Cambarus bartonii.—Packard, 1880:222.—Anonymous, 1971: 154*; 1973b:(55, 58, 63, 65, 70, 71, 76)*.—Hart and Hart, 1974:88*. 134*.—Wharton, 1978:46*.

Cambarus Bartonii Bartonii.—Faxon, 1885a:61 [by implication].

Cambarus bartoni.—Shufeldt, 1898:227.—Sprague, 1950:46*.—Sprague and Couch, 1971:530*.—Wharton, 1978:22*.

Cambarus bartonii bartonii.—Hay, 1899b:959 [by implication].—Hobbs and Walton, 1960a: 18*; 1961:384*.—Holt, 1968b:(23, 26, 32)*.—Hobbs, 1968b:K–15*.—Hobbs and Hall, 1969:286*–287*.—Anonymous, 1970a:(22, 23, 27–29)*; 1971:153*.—Hart and Hart, 1974:(61, 79, 134)*.—Wharton, 1978:220*.

Camparus bartonii.—Williamson, 1899:47 [erroneous spelling].

Cambarus bartoni bartoni.—Hay, 1902a:435.—Crocker, 1957: 42, pl. 1: figs. 2, 3, 6; pl. 2: figs. 5–7.—Unestam, 1969: 203*, 205*.

Cambarus bartoni cavatus Hay, 1902a:435. [Syntypes, USNM 25017 (II, , 2 juv. ). Type-locality, Powell River, Tazewell, Claiborne County, Tennessee.].—Cooper and Iles, 1971:46*.

Cambarus (Bartonius) bartoni.—Ortmann, 1905a:117, 120.

Astacus bartoni.—Ortmann, 1906b:348.

Cambarus bartoni typicus.—Ortmann, 1906b:450.

Cambarus bartonius bartoni.—Chidester, 1908:710.

Cambarus (Cambarus) bartonii.—Fowler, 1912:341.—Bouchard, 1976b:587–588.

Cambarus (Cambarus) bartonii cavatus.—Fowler, 1912:341 [by implication].—Hobbs, 1969a: 109, figs. 5, 19n; 1974b: 11*. fig. 25.

Cambarus bartonii montanus.—Faxon, 1914:385.

Cambarus bartonii cavatus.—Faxon, 1914:425.

Cambarus bartonii carinirostris Hay, 1914:384. [Types and paratypes, USNM 23962 (I, 7II, 15); paratypes, MCZ 7399 (I, II, ). Type-locality, Gandy Creek at Osceola, Randolph County, West Virginia.]

Cambarus (Cambarus) bartoni cavatus.—Ortmann, 1931:104 [by implication]

Cambarus montanus montanus.—Ortmann, 1931:106.

Cambarus (Cambarus) bartoni carinirostris.—Ortmann, 1931:107 [by implication].

Cambarus bartoni montanus.—Ortmann, 1931:114.

Cambarus (Cambarus) bartoni bartoni.—Ortmann, 1931:130.

Cambarus (Cambarus) bartonii bartonii.—Fleming, 1938:303.—Hobbs, 1969a: 109, 110, 144–146*, figs. 2b, 5, 13e, 14e, 19 1; 1972b:(111, 146, 154)*, figs. 5r, 86b, 88d, 89 1, 90a, 94b, 96c; 1974a: 11, fig. 5; 1974b: 10–11*, fig. 23.

Cambarus bartonius.—Roberts, 1944:370 [erroneous spelling].

Cambarus bartoni.—Thompson, 1967:47 [erroneous spelling].

Cambarus (Cambarus) species L.—Hobbs, 1969a: 109, fig. 5.

Cambarus (Cambarus) bartonii carinirostris.—Hobbs, 1969a: 109, fig. 19m.

Cambarus bartonni.—Coleman, 1972:21 [erroneous spelling].

Cambaras bartoni.—Bouchard, 1973a: 106 [erroneous spelling].

Cambarus (Cambarus) bartoni bartonii.—Hobbs III, 1975:298 [erroneous spelling].

The above bibliographic citations embrace all of the synonyms (including incorrect spellings) known by me to have been applied to this species. Cited also are sources of illustrations, summary treatments, and all references to the occurrence of this crayfish in Georgia, the latter marked with an asterisk. It is by no means a complete bibliography for the species.

SUMMARY OF LITERATURE PERTAINING TO GEORGIA.—Sprague (1950:46) cited the first specific locality for this crayfish in Georgia (head waters of Sneaking Creek on Garland Ridge approximately three miles north of Hiwassee, Towns County), where it was infected with Thelohania cambari, a microsporidian that affects the muscular system of its host. Ten years elapsed before Hobbs and Walton (1960a: 18) recorded the presence of C. (C.) bartonii in Dunn Creek, 1.9 miles west of Fightingtown Creek on Hell's Hollow Road, Fannin County. There it served as one of the hosts to the entocytherid ostracod, Entocythere simondsi Hobbs and Walton, 1960a (= Uncinocythere simondsi). In 1961 (p. 383), they cited a second locality in Towns County where this crayfish was found to be infested by an ostracod described therein by them as Entocythere hiwasseensis (= Donnaldsoncythere donnaldsonensis (Klie, 1931).

Holt (1968b) recorded the species from tributaries of the Ocoee River in Fannin County and from a tributary of the Nottely River in Union County, where it was a host of the branchiobdellid worm, Pterodrilus simondsi Holt (1968b). He also cited two additional localities for this crayfish in Union County where it harbored an unidentified member of the genus Pterodrilus. Hobbs (1968b) noted that the range of C. (C.) bartonii extended into Georgia. In 1969(a), he discussed the range of the species and illustrated the typical form.

Unestam (1969) noted the resistance of this crayfish, specimens of which were collected from the Savannah drainage system in Georgia, to the ascomycete, Aphanomyces astaci Schikora.

In a report of a biological survey of the Chattooga River in Rabun County (Anonymous, 1970a), five localities for this species are cited, and, in a similar study (Anonymous, 1971), one locality each from White and Habersham counties are included. Cooper and Iles (1971) reported the occurrence of Cambarus bartoni cavatus in Twin Snakes Cave, along Allison Creek, in Dade County. Hobbs (1972b), in his key to the North and Middle American crayfishes, included Georgia within the range of the species and presented several illustrations. In a survey of the Tennessee River Basin in Georgia (Anonymous, 1973b), seven additional localities are listed for the species.

Hobbs (1974a, b) included C. (C.) bartonii bartonii in both his synopsis of the families and genera of crayfishes and in his checklist of the North and Middle American species. Hart and Hart (1974), in their monograph of the entocytherid ostracods, reported one locality each from Banks, Hart, Union, and White counties, Georgia, in which this crayfish served as host to Dactylocythere leptophylax (Crawford, 1961). In the Banks County locality, it also harbored Donnaldsoncythere donnaldsonensis (= D. hiwasseensis) as did those in one locality each in Dade and Lumpkin counties. The same Fannin County locality cited by Hobbs and Walton (1960a) was included where Cambarus (C.) bartonii was infested with U. simondsi, and a second one was added in which the crayfish was host to Entocythere elliptica (Hoff, 1944).

While not mentioning Georgia, Bouchard (1976b) synonymized the subspecies Cambarus (C.) bartonii carinirostris and C. (C.) bartonii cavatus with the nominate subspecies, thus eliminating the last of the previously existing subspecific taxa that had been assigned to the species.

DIAGNOSIS.—(As pointed out above, the two Georgia members of the subgenus Cambarus occurring in Georgia are so markedly similar that only the following need be added to the subgeneric diagnosis.) Convergence of rostral margins highly variable, but strongly convergent from base in only one variant inhabiting streams in Hiwassee Basin. Areola 3.4 to 5.2 (average 4.3) times as long as broad, comprising 33.8 to 38.3 (average 36.2) percent of entire length of carapace (41.1 to 44.3, average 42.4, percent of postorbital carapace length), and bearing 2 to 6 punctations across narrowest part. Color brown to olive and often mottled; red coloration limited to distal part of fingers of chela.

COLOR