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Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

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Maximum longevity: 21.9 years (captivity)
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Behavior ( İngilizce )

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Perception Channels: tactile ; chemical

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DuVal, E. 2000. "Kobus kob" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Kobus_kob.html
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Başlıksız ( İngilizce )

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The name Adenota has sometimes been used to denote a genus or subgenus comprising K. kob and K. vardoni (Nowak 1991). Kobus kob includes at least ten described subspecies (Meester and Setzer 1971). The most widely recognized of these are the Uganda kob (/K. kob thomasi/), the white-eared kob (/K. kob leucotis/), and the Buffon's or Western kob (/K. kob kob/).

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Conservation Status ( İngilizce )

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Meester and Setzer (1971) report the range of the species as greatly diminished, but kob are still common in national parks (Njiforti 1996). Kob in the Boma grassland ecosystem form the second largest population of antelope in Africa (East 1988).

Kob are hunted by lions (/Panthera leo/), spotted hyenas (/Crocuta crocuta/), human poachers, and wild dogs (/Lycaon pictus/) (Deutsch and Weeks 1992).

Muhlenberg and Roth (1985) list a series of management recommendations to maintain kob at their present population levels: (1) grassland habitat near rivers should be left undeveloped for grazing and access to water, (2) hunting should focus on bachelor males rather than the easily-obtained territorial males, and (3) simgle females should not be harvested, as they are likely to be in estrous or caring for young.

US Federal List: no special status

CITES: no special status

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern

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Benefits ( İngilizce )

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No negative effects are described in the literature

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Benefits ( İngilizce )

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Kob are commonly hunted for sport and food. A survey of bushmeat preferences in Cameroon ranked kob as the third most favored species, second only to North African porcupine and guinea fowl (Njiforti 1996).

Positive Impacts: food

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Trophic Strategy ( İngilizce )

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Kob are herbivorous. They eat grasses and reeds, and may migrate great distances to graze along watercourses (Fryxell and Sinclair 1988).

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Distribution ( İngilizce )

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Kobus kob occurs in the moist savannah zones of Africa, from Senegal to western Kenya (Nowak 1991).

Biogeographic Regions: ethiopian (Native )

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Habitat ( İngilizce )

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Kob are usually found near permanent water sources (Deutsch 1994a). They frequent moist savannah, floodplains, and the margins of adjacent woodlands. Elevated areas with short grass are the preferred habitat for lek sites (Deutsch and Weeks 1992).

Females prefer high-visibility mating sites with short grasses and few thickets. This preference may serve to avoid lion predation (Deutsch and Weeks 1992), though Balmford and Turyaho (1992) disagree.

Terrestrial Biomes: savanna or grassland

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Morphology ( İngilizce )

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Standing aproximately 92 cm high at the shoulder, Kobus kob has a short, reddish-brown coat, with a white throat-patch and white underparts. A distinctive black stripe marks the front of the forelegs (Stuart and Stuart 1992). Horns average 44 cm in length and are ridged with transverse corrugations. They are curved, turning up at the tips. Only males carry horns (Smith 1985). The multiple subspecies that comprise Kobus kob are distinguished primarily by variation in pelage darkness (Meester and Setzer 1971).

Range mass: 90 to 120 kg.

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry

Sexual Dimorphism: ornamentation

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Life Expectancy ( İngilizce )

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Average lifespan
Status: captivity:
17.0 years.

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Reproduction ( İngilizce )

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Kob usually have a lek mating system, in which males defend small territories clustered on traditional mating grounds. Females visit these leks only to breed, and males provide no parental care. This mating system may have evolved because males cannot defend the widely-dispersed food resources or the dynamic and temporary female herds (Deutsch 1994a).

Within a lek, 20 to 200 males defend territories 15 to 200 meters in diameter (Nowak 1991). Male territories are smallest and most highly-contested in the center of the lek, where most matings occur. These territories maintain their popularity among females despite rapid male turnover (Deutsch 1994a). In areas of lower population density, males are spaced farther apart and hold their territories for longer periods of time (Nowak 1991; see below for further discussion of the effects of population density on mating system).

Each lek is associated with a female herd of about 100 individuals. Females begin to mate at the age of one, but males must normally wait for several more years (Nowak 1991). Larger numbers of females associate with larger leks, possibly because females stay on the lek longer when more males and other females are present (Deutsch 1994b).

Females give birth to a single offspring after a gestation period of around 9 months. Calving season may vary with location, but the Boma population of Uganda kob gives birth at the end of the rains, in November-December (Nowak 1991).

Range number of offspring: 1 (low) .

Average number of offspring: 1.

Range gestation period: 7.87 to 8.9 months.

Range weaning age: 6 to 7 months.

Key Reproductive Features: gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual

Average birth mass: 5405 g.

Average number of offspring: 1.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male)
Sex: male:
365 days.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female)
Sex: female:
403 days.

Parental Investment: altricial

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Kob ( Azerice )

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Kobus kob (lat. Kobus kob) - su keçisi cinsinə aid heyvan növü.

Mənbə

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Kob: Brief Summary ( Azerice )

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Kobus kob (lat. Kobus kob) - su keçisi cinsinə aid heyvan növü.

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Kob ( Bretonca )

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Ar c'hob (Kobus kob) a zo ur bronneg daskirier hag a vev e kornôg ha kreiz Afrika.

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Cob ( Katalanca; Valensiyaca )

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 src= Per a altres significats, vegeu «Cob (material)».

El cob (Kobus kob) és un mamífer africà de la família dels bòvids. El cob viu a la franja de l'Àfrica subsahariana, d'est a oest. Mai no s'allunya de zones humides com els prats herbosos o els marges dels boscos. Aquest antílop gran té un pelatge marró clar, amb algunes lleugeres variacions cromàtiques d'un exemplar a l'altre. Al voltant dels ulls, la gola i al llarg de tot l'abdomen, presenta una coloració clara que tendeix al blanc. Les potes són negres. Les banyes dels mascles tenen forma de lira i giren en espiral.

Referències

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Cob Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
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Cob: Brief Summary ( Katalanca; Valensiyaca )

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El cob (Kobus kob) és un mamífer africà de la família dels bòvids. El cob viu a la franja de l'Àfrica subsahariana, d'est a oest. Mai no s'allunya de zones humides com els prats herbosos o els marges dels boscos. Aquest antílop gran té un pelatge marró clar, amb algunes lleugeres variacions cromàtiques d'un exemplar a l'altre. Al voltant dels ulls, la gola i al llarg de tot l'abdomen, presenta una coloració clara que tendeix al blanc. Les potes són negres. Les banyes dels mascles tenen forma de lira i giren en espiral.

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Voduška kob ( Çekçe )

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Voduška kob (Kobus kob), známá také pod názvem antilopa červenohnědá nebo bělouchá, je velká antilopa obývající území subsaharské Afriky od Senegalu až po Súdán. Vyskytuje se ve vlhčích oblastech, případně na okrajích savan. V přírodě je často k vidění v okolí vodopádů Murchison, v Národním parku královny Alžběty v Ugandě, v Národním parku Garamba a Virunga, na území Demokratické republiky Kongo a v travnatých oblastech jižního Súdánu [2].

Popis

Voduška kob je elegantní, i když těžce stavěná antilopa. Dorůstá kohoutkové výšky 70 až 100 cm, délky 1,3-2,4 m a dosahuje hmotnosti od 80 až do 118 kg. Hřbet, prsa, boky a část končetin je zbarvena oranžovočerveně až červenohnědě. Břišní strana těla a část hrdla je bílá. Kolem očí má bílé prsteny a spodní část končetin je zbarvena černě. Samci mají lyrovité rohy měřící až 50 cm s kroužkovitými návalky. Při pohledu z profilu lehce připomínají tvar písmena S.

Způsob života

Voduška kob se živí širokou paletou rostlin. Až s výjimkou horkých dnů, kdy se skrývá ve stínu stromů, je aktivní ve dne. Žije ve větších stádech čítajících 5 až 40 zvířat a tvořených samicemi a mláďaty nebo mladými samci; starší rozmnožující se samci žijí většinou samostatně, v některých oblastech vlastní kruhová území měřící v průměru méně než třicet metrů a obklopována podobnými územími. Tyto teritoria se nazývají leky a většinou neobsahují více jak patnáct zvířat. Samec je vysoce územní a toto území střeží až do doby, kdy se stádo znovu přesune (což je zhruba po týdnu) a případného vetřelce vyhání hlasitými projevy.

Jeden z poddruhů - voduška bělouchá (Kobus kob leucotis) - pořádá každoročně až 1500 km dlouhé migrace z jižního Súdánu do Serengeti [3]. Migrační stáda jsou obrovská a mohou čítat i milion zvířat. Velký vliv na tyto migrace měla Súdánská válka, která trvala 25 let a byla ukončena až v roce 2005. I když na několik let téměř zamezila možnosti migrace, již v lednu roku 2007 bylo nalezeno další početně migrační stádo [4].

Samice dosahují pohlavní dospělosti ve věku 13 měsíců, samci ve věku 18 měsíců; po dosažení tohoto věku obvykle samec opouští mládenecká stáda a zakládá svůj lek. Samice je březí 7,5-9 měsíců a rodí pouze jedno mládě. Rozmnožovat se můžou zpravidla po celý rok, jen v sušších oblastech se mláďata rodí na konci období dešťů (od září do prosince).

Po narození je mládě skryto ve vegetaci následujících šest týdnů, kdy ho chodí matka pravidelně kojit. Plně samostatné je ve věku 6-7 měsíců.

Poddruhy

Rozeznáváme celkem tři poddruhy:

  • Kobus kob kob (Erxleben, 1777)
  • Kobus kob leucotis (Lichtenstein & Peters, 1854) - voduška kob bělouchá
  • Kobus kob thomasi Sclater, 1896 - voduška kob Thomasova

Voduška Thomasova, obývající východní Afriku, se objevuje na ugandském znaku (viz obrázek napravo) a voduška bělouchá, obývající Súdán a Etiopii, pořádá rozsáhlé migrace (viz výše).

Zdroje a reference

V tomto článku byl použit překlad textu z článku Kob na anglické Wikipedii.

  1. Červený seznam IUCN 2018.1. 5. července 2018. Dostupné online. [cit. 2018-08-10]
  2. {title}. library.thinkquest.org [online]. [cit. 2008-01-13]. Dostupné v archivu pořízeném dne 2007-08-07.
  3. https://archive.is/20120529150513/www.bbc.co.uk/nature/wildfacts/factfiles/3114.shtml
  4. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/06/070611-sudan-animals.html
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Voduška kob: Brief Summary ( Çekçe )

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Voduška kob (Kobus kob), známá také pod názvem antilopa červenohnědá nebo bělouchá, je velká antilopa obývající území subsaharské Afriky od Senegalu až po Súdán. Vyskytuje se ve vlhčích oblastech, případně na okrajích savan. V přírodě je často k vidění v okolí vodopádů Murchison, v Národním parku královny Alžběty v Ugandě, v Národním parku Garamba a Virunga, na území Demokratické republiky Kongo a v travnatých oblastech jižního Súdánu .

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Kob ( Danca )

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Koben (Kobus kob) er en sumpantilope, der er udbredt i subsaharisk Afrika fra Senegal til Sydsudan, f.eks. på flodsletter med græs.[2] Det er den hyppigste antilope i Afrika, næstefter den blå gnu. Koben lever i fugtige områder, hvor den græsser morgen og aften. Den har brunlig pels med hvide markeringer på hoved og hals samt sorte striber på benene. Hannen har lyreformede horn med kraftige ringe.[3]

Noter

  1. ^ "Kobus kob". IUCN's Rødliste. 2008. Hentet 2016-04-30.
  2. ^ "Kob Antelope: Kobus kob". ThinkQuest library. Hentet 2013-05-18. Arkiveret version.
  3. ^ Bengt Holst (2003), Politikens bog om pattedyr, side 360. Politikens Forlag. ISBN 87-567-6830-3.

Eksterne henvisninger

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Kob: Brief Summary ( Danca )

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Koben (Kobus kob) er en sumpantilope, der er udbredt i subsaharisk Afrika fra Senegal til Sydsudan, f.eks. på flodsletter med græs. Det er den hyppigste antilope i Afrika, næstefter den blå gnu. Koben lever i fugtige områder, hvor den græsser morgen og aften. Den har brunlig pels med hvide markeringer på hoved og hals samt sorte striber på benene. Hannen har lyreformede horn med kraftige ringe.

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Kob ( Almanca )

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 src=
Der Titel dieses Artikels ist mehrdeutig. Weitere Bedeutungen sind unter Kob (Begriffsklärung) aufgeführt.

Als Kob werden verschiedene afrikanische Antilopenarten aus der Gattung der Wasserböcke (Kobus) zusammengefasst, die ursprünglich als eine Art angesehen wurden. Sie gleichen in der Größe und im Aussehen dem Puku. Der Name „Kob“ wurde der Wolof-Sprache entlehnt. Die Kobs gehören zu den häufigsten Antilopenformen Afrikas, eine Art zeigt ein ausgeprägtes Migrationsverhalten.[1]

Merkmale

Die stämmigen Männchen können mit einer Schulterhöhe von bis zu 109 Zentimetern bis zu 95 Kilogramm wiegen. Sie haben einen muskulösen Hals und starke, leierförmige Hörner, die bis zu 69 Zentimeter lang werden können.[2] Die Weibchen tragen keine Hörner und sind in der Regel heller als die Männchen gefärbt. Aufgrund der Färbung unterscheidet man mehrere Arten. Meistens sind die Kobs rotbraun gefärbt, tragen einen weißen Fleck am Hals und schwarze Zeichnung an der Vorderseite der Läufe. An der Unterseite sind sie weiß.

Verbreitungsgebiet

 src=
Verbreitungsgebiet des Kobs (rot)

Die Kobs kommen nur in West- und Zentralafrika vor, und zwar von Senegal über Nigeria und den südlichen Sudan bis in den Westen Ugandas.

Kobs leben in Schwemmebenen und hügeligem Gelände und sind an Dauergewässer gebunden. Hier leben sie von Gras sowie Wasserpflanzen.

Die Weibchen bilden Herden aus 15 bis 40 Tieren. Männchen sind territoriale Einzelgänger. Wie beim verwandten Letschwe sind die Reviere bei dichter Population sehr klein; sie haben manchmal einen Durchmesser von nur 100 Metern, und ein Männchen vermag dieses kleine Territorium oft nur wenige Tage zu halten.

Arten

 src=
Weiblicher Senegal-Grasantilope (Kobus kob) im W-Nationalpark

Manche Fachleute unterschieden ursprünglich bis zu dreizehn verschiedene Unterarten des Kob. Eine Revision der Hornträger aus dem Jahr 2011 erkennt vier Arten als gültig an:[3]

Literatur

  • Colin P. Groves und David M. Leslie Jr.: Family Bovidae (Hollow-horned Ruminants). In: Don E. Wilson und Russell A. Mittermeier (Hrsg.): Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Volume 2: Hooved Mammals. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona 2011, ISBN 978-84-96553-77-4, S. 671–682
  • C. A. Spinage: The Natural History of Antelopes. Croom Helm, London 1986, ISBN 0-7099-4441-1

Einzelbelege

  1. Spinage, S. 181–182
  2. Spinage, S. 181
  3. Colin P. Groves und David M. Leslie Jr.: Family Bovidae (Hollow-horned Ruminants). In: Don E. Wilson und Russell A. Mittermeier (Hrsg.): Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Volume 2: Hooved Mammals. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona 2011, ISBN 978-84-96553-77-4, S. 671–682
  4. Kobus kob in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN 2008. Eingestellt von: Antelope Specialist Group, 2008. Abgerufen am 18. Dezember 2013.

Weblinks

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Kob: Brief Summary ( Almanca )

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 src= Der Titel dieses Artikels ist mehrdeutig. Weitere Bedeutungen sind unter Kob (Begriffsklärung) aufgeführt.  src= Uganda-Grasantilope (Kobus thomasi) im Murchison-Falls-Nationalpark

Als Kob werden verschiedene afrikanische Antilopenarten aus der Gattung der Wasserböcke (Kobus) zusammengefasst, die ursprünglich als eine Art angesehen wurden. Sie gleichen in der Größe und im Aussehen dem Puku. Der Name „Kob“ wurde der Wolof-Sprache entlehnt. Die Kobs gehören zu den häufigsten Antilopenformen Afrikas, eine Art zeigt ein ausgeprägtes Migrationsverhalten.

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Kob ( Aşağı Almanca )

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De Kob (Kobus kob) is en afrikaansche Antiloop ut dat Geslecht Waterböck. In Grött un Utsehn gliekt se den Puku. De Kob kummt in West- un Zentralafrika vör, vun Senegal över Nigeria un den Süüdsudan bet in’n Westen vun Uganda.

Dat stevige Heken kann mit ene Schuffhööch vun 90 Zentimeter bet to 120 Kilogramm op’e Waag bringen. De Kob hett en kräftigen Hals un starke, as en Lier foormte Höörn vun bet to 50 Zentimeter Läng. Dat Seken hett kene Höörn. Na de Klören warrt en poor Ünneroorden ünnerscheedt. Mehrsttiets sünd de Kobs rootbruun farvt, hebbt en witten Placken an’n Hals un swarte Placken vörn an de Fööt. An’n Buuk sünd se witt.

De Kobs leevt in Maschen un wellt Rebeden un sünd an duerhaftig vörhannen Water bunnen. Se leevt vun Gras.

De Seken billt Hoden vun 15 bet 40 Deerter. Hekens leevt enkelt. Jüst as bi’n verwandten Letschwe sünd de Revieren bi dichte Populatschoon temlich lütt; se hebbt mitünner blot en Dörmeter vun 100 Meter un dat Heken kann dat lütte Revier faken blot en poor Daag holen.

Welke Experten hebbt bet to 13 verschedene Ünneroorden beschreven, aver mehrst warrt blot dree ünnerscheden:

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Блатен јарец ( Makedonca )

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Блатен јарец или коб (науч. Kobus kob) — вид антилопа распространета во Потсахарска Африка, од Националниот парк Гашака Гумти, Нигерија и дел од Сенегал во Јужен Судан. Има витка става и силно тело, а по боја е светлоциметна до кафеавоцрна, со бели дамки на лицето и на вратот и црни пруги на нозете. Мажјакот има прстенести рогови во облик на лира. Живее во густи стада, а мажјаците се борат за дел од земјата, т.н. лек, кој може да биде широк само 15 м. Победникот се пари со многу женки.

Во Уганда е застапен подвидот угандски блатен јарец (K. k. thomasi), кој важи за еден од државните симболи на земјата.

Наводи

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Блатен јарец: Brief Summary ( Makedonca )

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Блатен јарец или коб (науч. Kobus kob) — вид антилопа распространета во Потсахарска Африка, од Националниот парк Гашака Гумти, Нигерија и дел од Сенегал во Јужен Судан. Има витка става и силно тело, а по боја е светлоциметна до кафеавоцрна, со бели дамки на лицето и на вратот и црни пруги на нозете. Мажјакот има прстенести рогови во облик на лира. Живее во густи стада, а мажјаците се борат за дел од земјата, т.н. лек, кој може да биде широк само 15 м. Победникот се пари со многу женки.

Во Уганда е застапен подвидот угандски блатен јарец (K. k. thomasi), кој важи за еден од државните симболи на земјата.

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Коб ( Ova Marice )

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Коб (лат. Kobus kob ) – Африкын Bovidae йамагатын гыч кугу янлык.

Ӱлылтӱрлык-влак

  • Kobus kob thomasi
  • Kobus kob leucotis
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Коб: Brief Summary ( Ova Marice )

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Коб (лат. Kobus kob ) – Африкын Bovidae йамагатын гыч кугу янлык.

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Саз текеси ( Kırgızça )

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 src=
Саз текеси.

Саз текеси (лат. Kobus kob) — бөкөндөрдүн бир түрү.

Колдонулган адабияттар

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Коб ( Avarca )

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Коб
 src=
Коб

Коб (латиназул мацӀалда Kobus kob) — Bovidae хъизан гӀалхул кӀудияб антилопа. Neekeri valtteri

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Коб: Brief Summary ( Avarca )

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 src= Коб  src= Коб

Коб (латиназул мацӀалда Kobus kob) — Bovidae хъизан гӀалхул кӀудияб антилопа. Neekeri valtteri

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Kob ( İngilizce )

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The kob (Kobus kob) is an antelope found across Central Africa and parts of West Africa and East Africa. Together with the closely related reedbucks, waterbucks, lechwe, Nile lechwe, and puku, it forms the Reduncinae tribe.[2] Found along the northern savanna, it is often seen in Murchison Falls and Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda; Garamba and Virunga National Park, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, as well as grassy floodplains of South Sudan.[3] Kob are found in wet areas (such as floodplains), where they eat grasses. Kob are diurnal, but inactive during the heat of the day. They live in groups of either females and calves or just males. These groups generally range from five to 40 animals.

Among the kobs of eastern Africa, the Ugandan kob (Kobus kob thomasi) appears on the coat of arms of Uganda,[4] and white-eared kobs (Kobus kob leucotis), found in South Sudan, southwest Ethiopia, and extreme northeast Uganda, participate in large-scale migrations.

Description

Uganda kob at Murchison Falls NP

The kob resembles the impala but is more heavily built.[5] However, males are more robust than females and have horns.[6] Males have shoulder heights of 90–100 cm (3.0–3.3 ft) and an average weight of 94 kg (207 lb). Females have shoulder heights of 82–92 cm (2.69–3.02 ft) and weigh on average 63 kg (139 lb).[5][6] The pelage of the kob is typically golden to reddish-brown overall, but with the throat patch, eye ring, and inner ear being white, and the forelegs being black at the front.[5] Males get darker as they get older. Those of the white-eared kob (K. k. leucotis), which is found in the Sudd region (the easternmost part of their range), are strikingly different and overall dark, rather similar to the male Nile lechwe, though with a white throat and no pale patch from the nape to the shoulder. Both sexes have well-developed inguinal glands that secrete a yellow, waxy substance, as well as preorbital glands.[7]

Range

The kob is currently found in Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Ivory Coast, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, South Sudan, Togo, and Uganda. It was formerly also found in Gambia, Kenya, Sierra Leone, Morocco and Tanzania, but is now extinct in those areas.[8]

Ecology

The kob's distribution from western Africa to central East Africa is patchy.[1] It inhabits flat areas and open country close to permanent water, with consistent climate. It drinks daily and requires fresh grazing.[6] During the rains, kob frequent short grasses and keep them short.[9] Since it is dependent on water, the kob does not wander far into arid areas.[6] Kob gather on and move from one pasture to another, coinciding with seasonal changes.[6] In flooded areas, they may travel hundreds of kilometers, and dry-season walks to water may take 10 km or more.[6] Grasses preferred by kobs are Hyparrhenia species, Brachiaria brizantha, Setaria gayanus, Chloris gayana, and Echinochloa and Digitaria spp.[10]

Social behavior and life history

Female Kob can live in herds numbering in the thousands. They move more and are more social than territorial males.[6] Females are at the front of the daily movements to water. Individuals learn where to go from their mothers. However, in larger herds, the females take their signals from other females.[6] Males are also present in the migratory herds and follow the females. All-male herds may number in the hundreds and accompany females as they travel during dry season.[6]

Gathering of kobs at Murchison Falls National Park

The social and reproductive organization of kob can vary. When in average or low population densities, males establish conventional territories and do not travel much. Adult males try to establish their territories in the best habitat available, which are inhabited by herds of females and their young. Herds are fluid and change in size and structure as individuals travel to find green vegetation. Other males, particularly young males, live in bachelor herds and are segregated from the females by the territorial males. On floodplains, where kob are densely populated, around two-thirds of the territorial males establish traditional territories, while the rest live in clustered territories known as leks.[9] These clusters are sometimes smaller than a single traditional territory. Lek clusters are located on patches of short grass or bare ground within comparably tall grassland. As such, these territories have little to no value other than to the males that reside in them. About eight or 9 of every 10 females visit leks to mate, trading spacing and food for mating success.[11] The kob tends to live in smaller herds consisting of 5 to 15 individual kob, but herds as many as 40+ have been observed.[12] Females and bachelor males live in large herds of up to 2000 and move through the leks, which are surrounded by high-quality grass and are near waterholes and commonly travelled routes.

Kob at Côte d'Ivoire

Conflicts between territorial Ugandan kob (K. k. thomasi) are usually settled with ritual and rarely actual fighting, whether in conventional territories or leks. A male usually needs only to walk in an erect posture towards the intruder to displace him.[13] Neighboring males in leks do the same thing when they encounter their borders. Lek-holding white-eared kobs fight more often.[14] Ugandan kob do sometimes sustain serious or fatal injuries, especially when control of a territory is at stake. Fights usually involve the combatants clashing, pressing and twisting each other with their horns head-on. However, a neighbor may attack from the rear or side.[13][14] In lek clusters, the most dominant males occupy the center. The number of males in the center of a lek cluster ranges from three to seven, and their leks are the most clustered and they monopolize copulations with estrous females.[15] Replacement of males in leks are much more common than in traditional territories, and most males are able to stay in the centre positions for only a day or two and rarely up to a week. This is largely due to intense competition and because most males leave their territories to feed and drink. Centrally located males reduce their chances of being replaced by leaving to feed during periods of relative calmness, yet they are not able to get enough food and water and have to eventually leave their leks. However, a male can gain enough energy after a week or two, and try to take back his position. At every lek cluster, males are always waiting take or retake a central lek.[13] Males in traditional territories are able to stay for at least a year or two.[9]

Females have their first ovulation at 13–14 months of age and have 20- to 26-day intervals between estrous cycles until they are fertilized. Males from traditional territories and leks have different courtship strategies. Males of traditional territories will herd females and keep them in their territories.[16] Lek males try to do the same, but usually fail. They have to rely on advertising themselves. Kob courtship may last as short as two minutes, and copulation may only last a few seconds.[13] At leks, a female may mate up to 20 times with at least one of the central males in a day. After an eight-month gestation period and giving birth, estrus may commence 21–64 days later. For their first month, calves hide in dense vegetation. Mother and calf can identify each other by their noses. As they get older, calves gather into crèches. When they are three to four months old, the young enter the females' herds and stay with mothers until six to seven months, by which time they are weaned. When they mature, males join bachelors groups.[17]

Status

The white-eared kob (K. k. leucotis) is a dark subspecies from the Sudd and nearby regions

Kob populations have been reduced by hunting and human development.[18] The Uganda kob (Kobus kob thomasi) became extinct in southwestern Kenya and northwestern Tanzania due to the expansion of human settlements and agriculture. However, there are sizeable populations of this subspecies in Murchison Falls and Queen Elizabeth National Park in Uganda and Garamba and Virunga National Park in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.[1]

Buffon's kob (Kobus kob kob) is protected in several parks, including Niokolo-Koba in Senegal, Comoé in Côte d'Ivoire, Arly-Singou in Burkina Faso, Mole and Bui in Ghana, Pendjari in Benin, Waza, Bénoué and Faro National Parks of the North Province of Cameroon, Zakouma in Chad, and Manovo-Gounda-St. Floris and Dzanga Sangha Forest Reserve in the Central African Republic.[1]

Once feared almost extinct because of the Second Sudanese Civil War (1983–2005), surveys in 2007 and later confirmed that several hundred thousand white-eared kobs (Kobus kob leucotis) survived. Together with tiang and Mongalla gazelles, they participate in one of the largest mammal migrations on Earth, numbering about 1.2 million individuals in total.[19] The white-eared kob is protected in Boma National Park and Bandingilo National Park in South Sudan,[1] and Gambella National Park in Ethiopia.[20]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Kobus kob". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T11036A50189609. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
  2. ^ Estes 1991, p. 91.
  3. ^ "Kob Antelope: Kobus Kob". ThinkQuest library. Archived from the original on 2007-08-07. Retrieved 2007-06-16.
  4. ^ "The Coat of Arms", High Commission of Uganda in Pretoria, retrieved 17 December 2018
  5. ^ a b c Estes 1991, p. 98.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i Kingdon, J. (1982). East African Mammals: An Atlas of Evolution in Africa, Volume 3, Part. C: Bovids. University Chicago Press, Chicago 367-381.
  7. ^ Estes 1991, p. 98–99.
  8. ^ Don E. Wilson; DeeAnn M. Reeder (2005). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. JHU Press. p. 720. ISBN 9780801882210.
  9. ^ a b c Estes 1991, p. 99.
  10. ^ Bindernagel, J. A. (1968) Game cropping in Uganda. Canadian International Development Agency, Ottawa.
  11. ^ Estes 1991, p. 100.
  12. ^ "Wild Fact #292 – Better Than Corn On The Cob – Kob". 2012-05-24.
  13. ^ a b c d Buechner, H. K., Schleoth, R. K., (1965) Ceremonial mating behavior in Uganda kob (Adenota kob thomsi Neuman). Z. Tierpsychol, 22:209-25.
  14. ^ a b Fryxell, J. (1985) Resource limitation and population ecology of white-eared kob. Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of British Columbia.
  15. ^ Floody, O. R., Arnold , A. P., (1975) Uganda kob (Adenota kob thomasi). Territoriality and the spatial distribution of sexual and agonistic behavior at a territorial ground. Z. Tierpsychol, 37:192-212.
  16. ^ Estes 1991, p. 101.
  17. ^ Estes 1991, p. 102.
  18. ^ Fischer, Frauke; Linsenmair, K. Eduard (6 December 2006). Changing social organization in an ungulate population subject to poaching and predation – the kob antelope (Kobus kob kob) in the Comoé National Park, Côte d'Ivoire. African Journal of Ecology. pp. 285–292.
  19. ^ "White-Eared Kob". National Geographic. 2010-11-09. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  20. ^ Briggs, Philip; Blatt, Brian (2009). Ethiopia. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 581.

Bibliography

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Kob: Brief Summary ( İngilizce )

wikipedia EN tarafından sağlandı

The kob (Kobus kob) is an antelope found across Central Africa and parts of West Africa and East Africa. Together with the closely related reedbucks, waterbucks, lechwe, Nile lechwe, and puku, it forms the Reduncinae tribe. Found along the northern savanna, it is often seen in Murchison Falls and Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda; Garamba and Virunga National Park, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, as well as grassy floodplains of South Sudan. Kob are found in wet areas (such as floodplains), where they eat grasses. Kob are diurnal, but inactive during the heat of the day. They live in groups of either females and calves or just males. These groups generally range from five to 40 animals.

Among the kobs of eastern Africa, the Ugandan kob (Kobus kob thomasi) appears on the coat of arms of Uganda, and white-eared kobs (Kobus kob leucotis), found in South Sudan, southwest Ethiopia, and extreme northeast Uganda, participate in large-scale migrations.

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Kobo ( Esperanto )

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La Kobo (Kobus kob) estas antilopo de la genro Kobus troviĝanta en subsahara Afriko el Senegalo al Suda Sudano. Troviĝanta ĉe norda savano, ĝi estas ofte vidata en Akvofaloj Murĉison kaj Nacia Parko Reĝino Elizabeto, Ugando; Nacia Parko Sumbuo, Zambio; Garambo kaj Virunga Nacia Parko, kaj en la Demokratia Respubliko Kongo, same kiel ĉe herbejaj inundebenaĵoj de Suda Sudano.[1] Koboj troviĝas ĉe humidejaj areoj (kiaj inundebenaĵoj), kie ili manĝas herbon. Koboj estas dumtagaj animaloj, sed neaktivaj dum la varmo taga. Ili loĝas en grupoj ĉu de inoj kaj idoj aŭ nur de maskloj. Tiuj grupoj ĝenerale gamas el 5 al 40 animaloj.

Aspekto

Ekologio

Vivo

Statuso

Notoj

  1. Kob Antelope: Kobus kob. ThinkQuest library. Alirita 2007-06-16.

Vidu ankaŭ

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Kobo: Brief Summary ( Esperanto )

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La Kobo (Kobus kob) estas antilopo de la genro Kobus troviĝanta en subsahara Afriko el Senegalo al Suda Sudano. Troviĝanta ĉe norda savano, ĝi estas ofte vidata en Akvofaloj Murĉison kaj Nacia Parko Reĝino Elizabeto, Ugando; Nacia Parko Sumbuo, Zambio; Garambo kaj Virunga Nacia Parko, kaj en la Demokratia Respubliko Kongo, same kiel ĉe herbejaj inundebenaĵoj de Suda Sudano. Koboj troviĝas ĉe humidejaj areoj (kiaj inundebenaĵoj), kie ili manĝas herbon. Koboj estas dumtagaj animaloj, sed neaktivaj dum la varmo taga. Ili loĝas en grupoj ĉu de inoj kaj idoj aŭ nur de maskloj. Tiuj grupoj ĝenerale gamas el 5 al 40 animaloj.

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Kobus kob ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

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El cobo (Kobus kob) es un antílope ampliamente distribuido por las sabanas de África. La subespecie cobo de Uganda (Kobus kob thomasi) aparece en el escudo nacional de Uganda.[1]

Posee una característica mancha blanca en la garganta.

Subespecies

Por lo general se aceptan tres subespecies,[1]​ algunos autores incluyen loderi como subespecie válida y otros como sinónimo de kob o leucotis.

Estado de conservación

Aunque su estado no es preocupante pues en general la especie es todavía relativamente extensa y numerosa, sin embargo, es altamente vulnerable a la caza furtiva y la pérdida de hábitat que ha causado graves descensos de población; si bien el estado del cobo es probable que no cambiará mientras exista una protección eficaz y la gestión de las distintas áreas protegidas, su futuro depende en gran medida de estas medidas de conservación.[1]

Referencias

  1. a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2008). «Kobus kob». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2012.2 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 21 de enero de 2013.

Véase también

 title=
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Kobus kob: Brief Summary ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

wikipedia ES tarafından sağlandı

El cobo (Kobus kob) es un antílope ampliamente distribuido por las sabanas de África. La subespecie cobo de Uganda (Kobus kob thomasi) aparece en el escudo nacional de Uganda.​

Posee una característica mancha blanca en la garganta.

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Kobus kob ( Baskça )

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Kobus kob Kobus generoko animalia da. Artiodaktiloen barruko Reduncinae azpifamilia eta Bovidae familian sailkatuta dago

Erreferentziak

  1. Erxleben (1777) 1 Syst. Regni Anim. 293. or..

Kanpo estekak

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Kobus kob: Brief Summary ( Baskça )

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Kobus kob Kobus generoko animalia da. Artiodaktiloen barruko Reduncinae azpifamilia eta Bovidae familian sailkatuta dago

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Cobe de Buffon ( Fransızca )

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Kobus kob

Le Cobe (ou Kob) de Buffon (Kobus kob), parfois appelé amraye au Tchad, est une espèce de mammifères de la grande famille des antilopes.

Caractéristiques

C’est un animal de 125 à 180 cm de long (tête et corps), avec une courte queue de 40 cm tout au plus, pour un poids de 65 à 115 kg et une hauteur (au garrot) de 80 à 110 cm. Les mâles sont généralement plus grands que les femelles (dimorphisme sexuel marqué). Ces mâles portent d'épaisses cornes en lyre, d’environ 40 cm de long. La robe est de couleur variable entre le roux, le brun clair, et le blanc. La gorge et le ventre sont blancs. Le pelage lui est court. Une bande noire distinctive marque l'avant des membres antérieurs. La queue touffue est blanche en dessous et se termine par une pointe noire[1],[2].

Reproduction

Le Cobe de Buffon a généralement un système d'accouplement polygame. Il utilise le système des aires de parade pour la reproduction. Alors que les naissances peuvent se produire tout au long de l'année, dans certaines zones sujettes à la sécheresse, on note un pic à la fin de la saison des pluies entre septembre et décembre (moment où la ressource alimentaire est non limitante)[1],[2].

Après une période de gestation d'environ 9 mois, la femelle met au monde un seul petit qui restera caché dans la végétation pendant les 6 premières semaines de sa vie, après quoi il pourra suivre sa mère. Les jeunes sont sevrés vers l'âge de 6 ou 7 mois. Les femelles atteignent leur maturité sexuelle à 13 mois et les mâles à environ 18 mois. L'espérance de vie de l'espèce est de 17 ans (maximum enregistré)[1],[2].

Répartition et habitat

Le Cobe de Buffon évolue dans les savanes humides d'Afrique. On le trouve notamment au Bénin, Burkina Faso, Cameroun, République centrafricaine, Tchad, République démocratique du Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Éthiopie, Ghana, Guinée, Guinée-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Sénégal, Soudan, Togo et en Ouganda. L'aire de répartition des trois sous-espèces (parmi les 8, voir ci-après) principales est la suivante[1],[2] :

  • le Cobe de Buffon de l'Ouest (Kobus kob kob) a l'aire de répartition la plus large, du Sénégal à la République centrafricaine et la République démocratique du Congo. Il est maintenant éteint en Gambie et en Sierra Leone et probablement dans le sud de la Mauritanie.
  • le Cobe de Buffon d'Ouganda (Kobus kob thomasi) se produit dans le nord-est de la République Démocratique du Congo, au sud-ouest du Soudan et largement en Ouganda. Il vivait aussi au sud-ouest du Kenya et au nord-ouest de la Tanzanie, mais il a aujourd'hui disparu de ces régions.
  • le Cobe de Buffon à oreilles blanches (Kobus kob leucotis) a l'aire de répartition la plus petite des trois sous-espèces. On le trouve au Soudan, au sud-ouest de l’Éthiopie et de l'extrême nord-est de l'Ouganda.

L'habitat typique du Cobe de Buffon se compose de prairies et de plaines inondables riveraines des grands fleuves, les plaines inondables et les prairies proches de l'eau dans les savanes boisées.

Comportement et vie quotidienne

Le Cobe de Buffon est plus actif le matin et le soir. Il forme des troupeaux mixtes composés de femelles et de jeunes mâles de moins de huit mois qui peuvent varier considérablement en taille sur de courtes périodes. Les femelles occupent de vastes plages qui se chevauchent et se déplacent selon la disponibilité alimentaire. Le mâle résident ne marque pas physiquement sa zone, mais patrouille ‘fièrement’ sur les frontières de son domaine en sifflant souvent fort. Le temps qu'un mâle arrive à conserver son territoire varie de quelques jours à quelques mois. Les mouvements des mâles sont plus restreints, ils restent très proche des groupes formés. Des troupeaux de mâles non reproducteurs peuvent également se former[1],[2].

Les densités de population varient de 8 à 124 animaux par km² en fonction de l'habitat. Dans le sud du Soudan, d'immenses troupeaux se rassemblent le long des cours d'eau pendant la saison sèche de novembre à avril, date à laquelle la densité dépasse souvent 1 000 animaux par km². En Côte d’Ivoire, la densité des troupeaux est la plus faible. On notera que cet animal est parfois sédentaire d’une zone, parfois un peu migrateur[1],[2].

Prédateurs

Les prédateurs sont les grands carnivores de plaine tels que le Lion, le léopard, le guépard, la hyène, le lycaon, et les crocodiliens (notamment les crocodiles du Nil)[1],[2].

Les Cobes de Buffon sont vigilants, et peuvent faire des bonds de 2 mètres de haut et courir jusqu'à 60 km/h a 70 km/h en cas de danger[1],[2].

Menaces et conservation

En 1999, Est estimait que le nombre de Cobe de Buffon était d'environ 95 000 et que les populations déclinaient un peu partout à l'exception de quelques zones bien protégées. Par exemple, au parc national de la Comoé en Côte d'Ivoire le nombre d'individus a diminué de plus de 80% en 20 ans. Aujourd'hui, cette antilope vit en plusieurs populations isolées, dont la plupart ne comportent pas plus de 1 000 animaux. À la fin des années 1990, il ne restait plus que deux régions d'Afrique de l'Ouest où l'on trouvait encore des populations de plus de 10 000 individus (au Sénégal et au Cameroun). La nature sédentaire du Cobe de Buffon et sa tendance à évoluer en populations relativement élevées le rendent très vulnérable à la chasse. Il a été éliminé d'une grande partie de son ancienne aire de répartition à cause du braconnage pour sa viande et, aujourd’hui il survit principalement dans et autour des parcs nationaux. Le braconnage a entraîné le déclin à grande échelle des populations clés dans des régions, tels que le Parc national de la Comoé (Côte d'Ivoire) et le Nord et l'Est de la République centrafricaine au cours des années 1990[1],[2],[3].

La perte progressive de son habitat à cause de l'expansion humaine, le développement agricole et l'élevage du bétail sont d’autres causes majeures de son déclin. Par exemple, le Cobe de Buffon d'Ouganda se retrouvait autrefois dans le sud-ouest du Kenya et le nord-ouest de la Tanzanie dans les prairies au bord du Lac Victoria, mais a été exterminé par la propagation de l'Homme sur ces territoires et le développement agricole[1],[2],[3].

Les sécheresses, la perturbation du régime naturel d'inondation par la construction de barrages hydroélectriques (barrage de Maga dans la plaine inondable du Logone, au Cameroun), ainsi que les épidémies de peste bovine ont également été citées comme des causes importantes du déclin de la population de cette espèce[1],[2],[3].

En général, le Cobe de Buffon n'est pas considéré comme une espèce menacée. Il est inscrit dans la catégorie Préoccupation mineure (LC) sur la Liste rouge de l'IUCN[3].

Meester et Setzer (1971) signalent néanmoins que l'aire de répartition de cette espèce a fortement diminué, mais que le Cobe de Buffon reste néanmoins commun dans les parcs nationaux. Dans l'écosystème de la prairie de Boma, il forme la deuxième plus grande population d'antilopes en Afrique de l'Est[1],[2],[3].

Muhlenberg et Roth (1985) listent une série de recommandations de gestion pour maintenir cette espèce à leurs niveaux de population actuels[1],[2],[3] :

  • l'habitat près des rivières doit rester intact et peu développé au pâturage du bétail et l'accès à l'eau ;
  • la chasse devrait plutôt se concentrer sur des mâles célibataires plutôt que sur des mâles territoriaux ;
  • les femelles seules ne doivent pas être chassées, car elles sont susceptibles d'être en œstrus ou encore en train d'allaiter un jeune.

Systématique

Le nom scientifique complet (avec auteur) de ce taxon est Kobus kob (Erxleben, 1777). L'espèce a été initialement classée dans le genre Antilope sous le protonyme Antilope kob Erxleben, 1777[4].

Ce taxon porte en français le nom vernaculaire ou normalisé « Cobe de Buffon »[4],[3],[5], aussi orthographié « Kob » ou « Cob »[6].

Synonymes

Kobus kob a pour synonymes selon GBIF (18 février 2022)[4] :

  • Adenota kob (Erxleben, 1777)
  • Antilope kob Erxleben, 1777

Selon la Mammal Diversity Database (18 février 2022)[7] :

  • Kobus adenota (C. H. Smith, 1827)
  • Kobus forfex (C. H. Smith, 1827)
  • Kobus adansoni A. Smith, 1840
  • Kobus annulipes (J. E. Gray, 1842)
  • Kobus leucotis (H. Lichtenstein & W. Peters, 1853)
  • Kobus kul (Heuglin, 1863)
  • Kobus wuil (Heuglin, 1863)
  • Kobus buffonii (Fitzinger, 1869)
  • Kobus fraseri (Fitzinger, 1869)
  • Kobus thomasi (P. L. Sclater, 1896)
  • Kobus nigricans (Lydekker, 1899)
  • Kobus nigroscapulatus (Matschie, 1899
  • Kobus loderi (Lydekker, 1900)
  • Kobus pousarguesi (O. Neumann, 1905)
  • Kobus vaughani (Lydekker, 1906)
  • Kobus typicus (R. Ward, 1910)
  • Kobus adolfifriderici (E. Schwarz, 1913)
  • Kobus alurae E. Heller, 1913
  • Kobus bahrkeetae (E. Schwarz, 1913)
  • Kobus neumanni (W. Rothschild, 1913)
  • Kobus notatus (W. Rothschild, 1913)
  • Kobus ubangiensis (E. Schwarz, 1913)
  • Kobus adolfi Lydekker & Blaine, 1914
  • Kobus riparia (E. Schwarz, 1914)

Sous-espèces

Selon Mammal Species of the World (version 3, 2005) (18 février 2022)[8], il existe huit sous-espèces :

Les différentes sous-espèces se distinguent principalement par la variation de couleurs de leur pelage.

Notes et références

  1. a b c d e f g h i j k l et m « Cobe de buffon », sur https://www.manimalworld.net/
  2. a b c d e f g h i j k l et m Jonathan Kingdon, Guide des mammifères d'Afrique : plus de 300 espèces illustrées, Delachaux et Niestlé, 2013 (ISBN 978-2-603-02014-2 et 2-603-02014-5, OCLC , lire en ligne)
  3. a b c d e f et g UICN, consulté le 18 février 2022
  4. a b et c GBIF Secretariat. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org, consulté le 18 février 2022
  5. Base de données mondiale de l'OEPP, https://gd.eppo.int, consulté le 18 février 2022
  6. (la + en + de + fr + it) Murray Wrobel, Elsevier's Dictionary of Mammals, Elsevier, 18 novembre 2006, 868 p. (ISBN 008048882X et 9780080488820, lire en ligne), p. 238.
  7. Mammal Diversity Database, consulté le 18 février 2022
  8. Mammal Species of the World (version 3, 2005), consulté le 18 février 2022
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Cobe de Buffon: Brief Summary ( Fransızca )

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Kobus kob

Le Cobe (ou Kob) de Buffon (Kobus kob), parfois appelé amraye au Tchad, est une espèce de mammifères de la grande famille des antilopes.

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Cob ( İrlandaca )

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Is ainmhí é an cob (Kobus kob). Mamach atá ann, cineál antalóip. Maireann sé san Afraic, ar na sabhánaí, i lár na mór-reanna úd sa chuid is mó.



Ainmhí
Is síol ainmhí é an t-alt seo. Cuir leis, chun cuidiú leis an Vicipéid.
Má tá alt níos forbartha le fáil i dteanga eile, is féidir leat aistriúchán Gaeilge a dhéanamh.


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Kob antilopa ( Hırvatça )

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Kob ili kob antilopa (lat. Kobus kob) - vrsta iz porodice šupljorožaca (lat. Bovidae).

Kob podsjeća na impalu, ali je više robustan.[1] Mužjaci su robusniji od ženki i imaju rogove.[2] Mužjaci imaju ramena visine 90-100 cm i prosječne su težine od 94 kg. Ženke imaju ramena visine 82-92 cm i teže u prosjeku 63 kg. Dlaka je obično od zlatne do smeđe crvenkaste boje. Područje grla, oko očiju, uha i dio nogu su bijele boje. Oba spola imaju dobro razvijene žlijezde.

Ova vrsta nije ugrožena, jer ima široko područje rasprostiranja.[3] Areal koba obuhvaća veći broj država u Africi.

Vrsta ima stanište u Beninu, Burkini Faso, Gani, Gvineji Bisau, Etiopiji, Kamerunu, DR Kongu, Maliju, Nigeriji, Nigeru, Obali Bjelokosti, Senegalu, Sudanu, Togu, Ugandi, Centralnoafričkoj Republici i Čadu. Vrsta je izumrla u Gambiji, Tanzaniji i Keniji. Prisustvo je nepotvrđeno u Mauritaniji i Sijera Leoneu.

Staništa vrste su: savane, ekosustavi niskih trava i šumski ekosustavi, jezera i jezerski ekosustavi, riječni ekosustavi i slatkovodna područja.

Izvori

  1. Estes, R. (1991). The Behavior Guide to African Mammals, Including Hoofed Mammals, Carnivores, Primates. Los Angeles, The University of California Press. str. 98-102. Preuzeto 28. srpnja 2012.
  2. Kingdon, J. (1982). East African Mammals: An Atlas of Evolution in Africa, Volume 3, Part. C: Bovids. University Chicago Press, Chicago 367-381. Preuzeto 28. srpnja 2012.
  3. http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/11036/0 Preuzeto 28. srpnja 2012.
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Kob antilopa: Brief Summary ( Hırvatça )

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Kob ili kob antilopa (lat. Kobus kob) - vrsta iz porodice šupljorožaca (lat. Bovidae).

Kob podsjeća na impalu, ali je više robustan. Mužjaci su robusniji od ženki i imaju rogove. Mužjaci imaju ramena visine 90-100 cm i prosječne su težine od 94 kg. Ženke imaju ramena visine 82-92 cm i teže u prosjeku 63 kg. Dlaka je obično od zlatne do smeđe crvenkaste boje. Područje grla, oko očiju, uha i dio nogu su bijele boje. Oba spola imaju dobro razvijene žlijezde.

Ova vrsta nije ugrožena, jer ima široko područje rasprostiranja. Areal koba obuhvaća veći broj država u Africi.

Vrsta ima stanište u Beninu, Burkini Faso, Gani, Gvineji Bisau, Etiopiji, Kamerunu, DR Kongu, Maliju, Nigeriji, Nigeru, Obali Bjelokosti, Senegalu, Sudanu, Togu, Ugandi, Centralnoafričkoj Republici i Čadu. Vrsta je izumrla u Gambiji, Tanzaniji i Keniji. Prisustvo je nepotvrđeno u Mauritaniji i Sijera Leoneu.

Staništa vrste su: savane, ekosustavi niskih trava i šumski ekosustavi, jezera i jezerski ekosustavi, riječni ekosustavi i slatkovodna područja.

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Kobus kob ( İtalyanca )

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Il cobo o kob (Kobus kob (Erxleben, 1777)) è un mammifero africano della famiglia dei Bovidi.[2]

Descrizione

Il Kob ha una struttura simile a un impala, ma più robusta. Questa grossa antilope si presenta con un mantello color nocciola-dorato, con qualche lieve variante cromatica da esemplare ad esemplare. Intorno agli occhi, nella parte anteriore del collo e lungo tutto l'addome presenta una colorazione chiara, tendente al bianco. Le zampe sono nere. Le corna dei maschi sono a forma di lira e sono avvolte a spirale. Un kob adulto può arrivare ad una altezza di 90–100 cm. I maschi più pesanti arrivano a pesare 94 kg.

Biologia

Le corna dei maschi non hanno tendenzialmente funzione di combattimento. Infatti i Kob utilizzano altri metodi per difendere il proprio territorio e per la conquista delle femmine. Il corteggiamento avviene con una "danza rituale" che ha come vincitore, nella maggior parte dei casi, il maschio più grosso e pesante. I branchi sono molto numerosi.

In caso di pericolo, il Kob emette un suono molto possente, simile ad un belato per avvertire il resto del branco che si mette subito in fuga.

Distribuzione e habitat

Il kob vive lungo la fascia dell'Africa subsahariana, da oriente a occidente. Non si allontana mai dalle zone umide come le praterie erbose o i margini dei boschi.

Note

  1. ^ (EN) IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group. 2016, Kobus kob, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020. URL consultato il 3 febbraio 2018.
  2. ^ (EN) D.E. Wilson e D.M. Reeder, Kobus kob, in Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3ª ed., Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.

Bibliografia

  • Safari in Africa: Riconoscere i mammiferi delle savane africane. Lambertini Marco (1997) - Franco Muzzio Editore. ISBN 88-7021-759-0

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Kobus kob: Brief Summary ( İtalyanca )

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Il cobo o kob (Kobus kob (Erxleben, 1777)) è un mammifero africano della famiglia dei Bovidi.

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Pelkinis ožys ( Litvanca )

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Pelkinis ožys (lot. Kobus kob, angl. Ugandan kob, vok. Kob) – vandeninių ožių (Reduncinae) pošeimio dykaraginis žinduolis.


Vikiteka

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Kob (antilope) ( Felemenkçe; Flemish )

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De kob (Kobus kob) is een oranjekleurig tot bruine Afrikaanse antilope uit het geslacht der waterbokken (Kobus). die voorkomt van Gambia tot Oeganda en Ethiopië. De mannetjes verdedigen in groepen een territorium, terwijl vrouwtjes en kalveren afzonderlijke groepen vormen. Deze soort is nauw verwant aan de poekoe (Kobus vardoni).

Anatomie

De kob is een middelgrote antilope met een rond en gespierd lichaam en nek. Hij heeft een schouderhoogte van 70 tot 100 cm en een gewicht van 80 tot 100 kg. Hij heeft een korte vacht. Op de rug is de vacht oranjekleurig tot gelig bruin, en wordt naar onderen lichter. Vrouwtjes zijn roodachtig of gelig okerkleurig, mannetjes zijn rossig of licht geelbruin tot zwart. De poten zijn wit. De kob heeft witte ringen rond de ogen en een zwarte streep op de onderbenen van de voorpoten, vlak onder de knieën. Op de keel heeft de kob een witte vlek. De binnenzijde van de oren is wit. De staart eindigt in een zwarte pluim. De mannetjes hebben korte, gebogen, liervormige hoorns met een lengte van de rond de 50 cm, maximaal tot 70 cm. Deze zijn zeer geringd.

Leefgebied

De kob komt voor op de noordelijke savannes, van Senegal tot West-Ethiopië en de kust van het Victoriameer. Hij komt uitsluitend voor in vochtige graslanden (zoals in de omgeving van rivieren die in het regenseizoen buiten hun oevers treden), zowel in open savannes als in licht beboste gebieden, en op laagvlakten of licht golvend terrein.

Leefwijze

Hij heeft een voorkeur voor gebieden met een lage begroeiing. Hun dieet bestaat uit gras en kruiden. Soms eten ze ook waterplanten. De kob is het grootste deel van de dag actief, maar houdt meestal een rustperiode op het warmste gedeelte van de dag. Een enkele keer is waargenomen dat de soort zelfs rond deze tijd actief is.

Kobs leven in groepen van ofwel vrouwtjes en kalveren ofwel alleen mannetjes. Deze groepen variëren doorgaans in grootte van vijf tot veertig dieren, maar op sommige plaatsen zijn groepen van meer dan duizend exemplaren waargenomen. Bij gevaar rennen de kobs als een grote groep weg, waardoor kleinere predatoren geen kans krijgen. Grotere predatoren als leeuwen zijn in het open leefgebied al van verre te zien, en maken hierdoor ook zelden een kans. Mannetjes leven in territoria van maximaal vijftig ha en vechten regelmatig met elkaar. Vrouwtjes bewegen zich vrij door deze territoria.

Mannetjes die willen paren, verzamelen zich in groepen van maximaal veertig dieren, waar ze in een gebied van 1 ha groot hun eigen kleine territoria vestigen, "arena's" genaamd. De stimulus om zich gezamenlijk te vestigen op zo'n klein plekje is de urine van vrouwtjes in oestrus. Ook vrouwtjes worden aangetrokken door deze plekken. Door het continue vechten om territoria en het vele paren zijn de mannetjes snel uitgeput. Vergelijkbaar gedrag is ook waargenomen bij andere antilopen, als de lierantilope en de litschiewaterbok. Mannetjes jonger dan drie jaar zijn nog niet sterk genoeg om een territorium te vestigen en te behouden.

Voortplanting

Na een draagtijd van acht maanden wordt één kalf geboren, dat zich de eerste zes weken schuilhoudt in het gras, waarna het zich voegt bij zijn moeder in de kuddes. Vrouwtjes zijn na een jaar geslachtsrijp.

Ondersoorten

Er is een aantal ondersoorten:

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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Kob (antilope): Brief Summary ( Felemenkçe; Flemish )

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De kob (Kobus kob) is een oranjekleurig tot bruine Afrikaanse antilope uit het geslacht der waterbokken (Kobus). die voorkomt van Gambia tot Oeganda en Ethiopië. De mannetjes verdedigen in groepen een territorium, terwijl vrouwtjes en kalveren afzonderlijke groepen vormen. Deze soort is nauw verwant aan de poekoe (Kobus vardoni).

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Kob ( Norveççe )

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Question book-new.svg
Denne artikkelen mangler kildehenvisninger, og opplysningene i den kan dermed være vanskelige å verifisere. Kildeløst materiale kan bli fjernet. Helt uten kilder. (10. okt. 2015)

Kob er en antilope som blir 70-100 cm høy over skuldrene, og veier mellom 80 og 100 kg. Ryggen har en oransjerød farge, som lysner mot hvitt på undersiden og beina. Den har hvite ringer rundt øynene og en svart stripe nedover føttene. De korte hornene som bare finnes hos hanner, er rundt 50 cm lange og noe S-formet.

Koben er dagaktiv, men holder seg i ro på det varmeste av dagen. De lever i grupper med enten hunner og kalver, eller bare hanner. Disse gruppene består vanligvis av mellom 5 og 40 individer.

Eksterne lenker

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Det finnes mer utfyllende artikkel/artikler på .
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Kob: Brief Summary ( Norveççe )

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Kob er en antilope som blir 70-100 cm høy over skuldrene, og veier mellom 80 og 100 kg. Ryggen har en oransjerød farge, som lysner mot hvitt på undersiden og beina. Den har hvite ringer rundt øynene og en svart stripe nedover føttene. De korte hornene som bare finnes hos hanner, er rundt 50 cm lange og noe S-formet.

Koben er dagaktiv, men holder seg i ro på det varmeste av dagen. De lever i grupper med enten hunner og kalver, eller bare hanner. Disse gruppene består vanligvis av mellom 5 og 40 individer.

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Kob żółty ( Lehçe )

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Kob żółty (Kobus kob) – gatunek antylopy. Jej wizerunek widnieje w godle Ugandy[3].

Występowanie

Występuje w Afryce od Senegalu po Kenię na sawannie i innych terenach trawiastych.

Budowa

Barwa czerwonobrązowa do żółtobrązowej lub brunatnożółtej. Czasem występują białe plamy i biaława strona brzuszna. U samców występują długie rogi w kształcie liry ze spiralnymi bruzdami. Osiągane rozmiary:

  • masa ciała: 50–120 kg[4].
  • długość ciała: 1,25–1,8 m[4].
  • długość ogona: 200–400 mm[4].
  • wysokość w kłębie: 0,7–1,05 m[4].
  • długość rogów: około 40–70 cm[4].

Samce są większe od samic.

Pożywienie

Trawa[4].

Rozmnażanie

Po ciąży trwającej około 7,5−9 miesięcy rodzi się jedno młode[4].

Podgatunki

  • Kobus kob kob
  • Kobus kob adolfi
  • Kobus kob bahrkeetae
  • Kobus kob leucotis
  • Kobus kob pousarguesi
  • Kobus kob riparia
  • Kobus kob thomasi – kob ugandzki
  • Kobus kob ubangiensis

Zagrożenia

Gatunek nie jest zagrożony wyginięciem (status LC w 2016).

Przypisy

  1. Kobus kob, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. Kobus kob. Czerwona księga gatunków zagrożonych (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) (ang.).
  3. Coat of Arms. Uganda Embassy Copenhagen. [dostęp 26 stycznia 2019].
  4. a b c d e f g Brent Huffman: Kobus kob, Kob. Ultimate Ungulate, 22 marca 2004. [dostęp 26 stycznia 2019].
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Kob żółty: Brief Summary ( Lehçe )

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Kob żółty (Kobus kob) – gatunek antylopy. Jej wizerunek widnieje w godle Ugandy.

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Kobus kob ( Portekizce )

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Kobus kob, conhecido popularmente como cobo, é uma espécie de antílope da família Bovidae. Pode ser encontrada na África subsaariana, do Senegal e Guiné-Bissau até o Sudão do Sul, Uganda e Etiópia.[1][2] É uma das duas espécies de antílope conhecidas popularmente pelo nome de gazela-de-lala (a outra é a Redunca redunca).[3]

Referências

  1. a b IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2008). Kobus kob (em inglês). IUCN 2014. Lista Vermelha de Espécies Ameaçadas da IUCN de 2014 . Página visitada em 17 de março de 2015..
  2. «Plano de Gestão - Guiné-Bissau» (PDF). Arquivado do original (PDF) em 19 de outubro de 2016
  3. «Relatório de espécies africanas - Diário Oficial» (PDF)
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Kobus kob: Brief Summary ( Portekizce )

wikipedia PT tarafından sağlandı

Kobus kob, conhecido popularmente como cobo, é uma espécie de antílope da família Bovidae. Pode ser encontrada na África subsaariana, do Senegal e Guiné-Bissau até o Sudão do Sul, Uganda e Etiópia. É uma das duas espécies de antílope conhecidas popularmente pelo nome de gazela-de-lala (a outra é a Redunca redunca).

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Kob ( İsveççe )

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Kob (Kobus kob) är en art i släktet vattenbockar som lever i Afrika, söder om Saharasavanner och gräsbevuxna flodslätter från Senegal i väst till Sudan i öst. Vanligen räknar man med tre olika underarter, Buffons kob (K. k. kob), Ugandakob (K. k. thomasi) och vitörad kob (K. k. leucotis).

Kännetecken

Pälsen på djurets rygg är orangerödaktig i färgen och ljusar sedan något ner längs kroppssidorna tills den övergår i vitt på undersidan av buken. Runt ögonen finns en vit ringformad teckning och även den övre delen av halsens undersida är vit. På både bakbenen och frambenen benen finns svarta streck. Mankhöjden är 70 till 100 centimeter och vikten 80 till 100 kilogram. Hanarna bär horn, som kan bli upp till 50 centimeter långa. Hornen är i profil något s-formade.

Utbredning

Utbredningen för de olika underarterna omfattar för K. k. kob Senegal till Centralafrikanska republiken och Kongo-Kinshasa, för K. k. thomasi nordöstra Kongo-Kinshasa, sydvästra Sudan och Uganda, samt för K. k. leucotis Sudan, sydvästra Etiopien och nordöstligaste Uganda.

Status

Koben betraktas som livskraftig av IUCN, och beståndet uppskattades år 1999 uppgå till cirka 95 000 individer för K. k. kob och omkring 100 000 individer för de två andra underarterna. På en del håll har koben dock drabbas på av habitatförlust och de olika populationerna har blivit mer isolerade från varandra och minskat i storlek.

Levnadssätt

Koben är dagaktiv, men vilar vanligen under de varmaste timmarna mitt på dagen. Den lever i flockar som antingen består av honor och kalvar eller bara av hanar. En flock består vanligen av mellan 5 och 40 individer. Födan består huvudsakligen av gräs.

Referenser

Noter

  1. ^ Kobus kobIUCN:s rödlista, läst 9 juli 2009.

Externa länkar

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Kob: Brief Summary ( İsveççe )

wikipedia SV tarafından sağlandı

Kob (Kobus kob) är en art i släktet vattenbockar som lever i Afrika, söder om Saharasavanner och gräsbevuxna flodslätter från Senegal i väst till Sudan i öst. Vanligen räknar man med tre olika underarter, Buffons kob (K. k. kob), Ugandakob (K. k. thomasi) och vitörad kob (K. k. leucotis).

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Коб ( Ukraynaca )

wikipedia UK tarafından sağlandı
У Вікіпедії є статті про інші значення цього терміна: Коб (значення).
Ugandan Kobs.JPG
  • Uganda-Kob.jpg
  • Різне

    Коб зображений на гербі Уганди.

    Посилання

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    Коб: Brief Summary ( Ukraynaca )

    wikipedia UK tarafından sağlandı
    У Вікіпедії є статті про інші значення цього терміна: Коб (значення). Ugandan Kobs.JPG Uganda-Kob.jpg
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    Linh dương Kob ( Vietnamca )

    wikipedia VI tarafından sağlandı

    Linh dương Kob là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Bovidae, bộ Artiodactyla. Loài này được Erxleben mô tả năm 1777.[2] Chúng được tìm thấy trên khắp châu Phi cận Sahara từ Senegal đến Nam Sudan. Chúng được tìm thấy dọc theo đồng cỏ nhiệt đới phía bắc, thường được nhìn thấy trong thác nước Murchison Falls và vườn quốc gia Queen Elizabeth, Uganda; Garamba và vườn quốc gia Virunga, và Cộng hòa Dân chủ Congo, cũng như vùng ngập cỏ của Nam Sudan. Linh dương Kob được tìm thấy trong khu vực ẩm ướt (như vùng ngập), nơi chúng ăn cỏ. Linh dương Kob sinh hoạt ban ngày, nhưng không hoạt động trong thời gian nóng trong ngày. Chúng sinh sống trong các nhóm có một con cái và các con nhỏ hoặc chỉ toàn các con đực. Những nhóm này thường khoảng từ năm đến 40 cá thể.

    Hình ảnh

    Chú thích

    1. ^ IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2008). Kobus kob. 2008 Sách đỏ IUCN. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế 2008. Truy cập ngày 10 tháng 5 năm 2008.
    2. ^ a ă Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. biên tập (2005). “Kobus kob”. Mammal Species of the World . Baltimore: Nhà in Đại học Johns Hopkins, 2 tập (2.142 trang). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

    Tham khảo


    Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết về chủ đề Bộ Guốc chẵn này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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    Linh dương Kob: Brief Summary ( Vietnamca )

    wikipedia VI tarafından sağlandı

    Linh dương Kob là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Bovidae, bộ Artiodactyla. Loài này được Erxleben mô tả năm 1777. Chúng được tìm thấy trên khắp châu Phi cận Sahara từ Senegal đến Nam Sudan. Chúng được tìm thấy dọc theo đồng cỏ nhiệt đới phía bắc, thường được nhìn thấy trong thác nước Murchison Falls và vườn quốc gia Queen Elizabeth, Uganda; Garamba và vườn quốc gia Virunga, và Cộng hòa Dân chủ Congo, cũng như vùng ngập cỏ của Nam Sudan. Linh dương Kob được tìm thấy trong khu vực ẩm ướt (như vùng ngập), nơi chúng ăn cỏ. Linh dương Kob sinh hoạt ban ngày, nhưng không hoạt động trong thời gian nóng trong ngày. Chúng sinh sống trong các nhóm có một con cái và các con nhỏ hoặc chỉ toàn các con đực. Những nhóm này thường khoảng từ năm đến 40 cá thể.

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    Коб ( Rusça )

    wikipedia русскую Википедию tarafından sağlandı
    У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Концепция общественной безопасности.
    Царство: Животные
    Подцарство: Эуметазои
    Без ранга: Вторичноротые
    Подтип: Позвоночные
    Инфратип: Челюстноротые
    Надкласс: Четвероногие
    Подкласс: Звери
    Инфракласс: Плацентарные
    Надотряд: Лавразиотерии
    Подотряд: Жвачные
    Семейство: Полорогие
    Подсемейство: Водяные козлы
    Вид: Коб
    Международное научное название

    Kobus kob Erxleben, 1777

    Ареал

    изображение

    Охранный статус Wikispecies-logo.svg
    Систематика
    на Викивидах
    Commons-logo.svg
    Изображения
    на Викискладе
    ITIS 183857NCBI 59530EOL 328731FW 95594

    Коб[1] (лат. Kobus kob) или болотный козёл[1]африканская антилопа рода водяных козлов семейства полорогих. По величине и внешности она напоминает пуку, из-за чего оба вида иногда объединяют в один. Коб встречается только в Западной и Центральной Африке, от Сенегала до юга Судана и запада Уганды. Слово «коб» происходит из языка волоф.

    Массивный самец с высотой 90 см в холке может весить до 120 кг. У него мускулистая шея и сильные лирообразные рога, которые отсутствуют у самок. В зависимости от окраски шерсти различают несколько подвидов. Чаще всего коб окрашен в красно-коричневый цвет и носит белое пятно на шее, а также чёрный рисунок на передней стороне ног. На брюхе у него белая шерсть.

    Кобы обитают на равнинах, затапливаемых в периоды половодья, а также в холмистых местностях. Они привязаны к постоянным водоёмам и питаются травой.

    Самки образуют стада от 15 до 40 особей, самцы живут в одиночку, защищая свой ареал. Как и у родственного личи, ареалы при высокой плотности популяции очень малы и иногда не превышают в диаметре 100 м. Самец, обороняющий такой ареал, часто может удержаться на нём не дольше нескольких дней.

    Хотя разные эксперты описали до тринадцати подвидов, традиционно различаются три подвида кобов:

    • Коб Буффона (K. k. kob) — Западная Африка от Сенегала до Камеруна, Чада и ЦАР
    • Белоухий коб (K. k. leucotis) — Судан, северо-западная Уганда
    • Угандский коб (K. k. thomasi) — север ДР Конго, юго-западная Уганда

    Галерея

    Разное

    Коб изображён на гербе Уганды.

    Примечания

    1. 1 2 Соколов В. Е. Пятиязычный словарь названий животных. Млекопитающие. Латинский, русский, английский, немецкий, французский. / под общей редакцией акад. В. Е. Соколова. — М.: Рус. яз., 1984. — С. 132. — 10 000 экз.
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    Коб: Brief Summary ( Rusça )

    wikipedia русскую Википедию tarafından sağlandı

    Коб (лат. Kobus kob) или болотный козёл — африканская антилопа рода водяных козлов семейства полорогих. По величине и внешности она напоминает пуку, из-за чего оба вида иногда объединяют в один. Коб встречается только в Западной и Центральной Африке, от Сенегала до юга Судана и запада Уганды. Слово «коб» происходит из языка волоф.

    Массивный самец с высотой 90 см в холке может весить до 120 кг. У него мускулистая шея и сильные лирообразные рога, которые отсутствуют у самок. В зависимости от окраски шерсти различают несколько подвидов. Чаще всего коб окрашен в красно-коричневый цвет и носит белое пятно на шее, а также чёрный рисунок на передней стороне ног. На брюхе у него белая шерсть.

    Кобы обитают на равнинах, затапливаемых в периоды половодья, а также в холмистых местностях. Они привязаны к постоянным водоёмам и питаются травой.

    Самки образуют стада от 15 до 40 особей, самцы живут в одиночку, защищая свой ареал. Как и у родственного личи, ареалы при высокой плотности популяции очень малы и иногда не превышают в диаметре 100 м. Самец, обороняющий такой ареал, часто может удержаться на нём не дольше нескольких дней.

    Хотя разные эксперты описали до тринадцати подвидов, традиционно различаются три подвида кобов:

    Коб Буффона (K. k. kob) — Западная Африка от Сенегала до Камеруна, Чада и ЦАР Белоухий коб (K. k. leucotis) — Судан, северо-западная Уганда Угандский коб (K. k. thomasi) — север ДР Конго, юго-западная Уганда
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    赤羚 ( Çince )

    wikipedia 中文维基百科 tarafından sağlandı
    二名法 Kobus kob
    Erxleben,1777

    赤羚(學名:Kobus kob)是一種分布于从塞内加尔苏丹共和国撒哈拉以南非洲羚羊。它们主要的生活环境是北部的草原,其中在乌干达默奇桑瀑布国家公园伊丽莎白女王国家公园刚果民主共和国加兰巴国家公园维龙加国家公园以及苏丹南部的草原上出现比较多[2]

    赤羚站立時肩高約70-100厘米,體重80-100公斤背部呈橙紅色,漸淡至腹部及四肢的白色。在有白圈圍繞,而腿上則有黑紋。雄性的赤羚有著短少的環狀角,約长50厘米,向外少許的孤出呈「S」形狀。

    赤羚生活於潮濕的區域上,如氾濫平原,在這裡牠們以為糧食。牠們是白天活動的動物,但在每天最熱的時間則不會活動。牠們生活在尤雌兽及其幼兽或者仅由雄兽组成的群中,每群數約為5-40頭不等,有些族群甚至達至1000頭。

    乌干达国徽上有乌干达赤羚Kobus kob thomasi)的图像。苏丹和埃塞俄比亚的白耳赤羚(Kobus Kob leucotis)进行大规模迁徙。

    迁徙

    苏丹南部的上百万白耳赤羚每年迁徙1500千米[3]。经过了25年的内战(2005年1月停火)有人担心它们可能数量大大减少,但是2007年1月人们观察到巨大的迁徙群:

    日复一日地看到成千上万的白耳赤羚在飞机下跑,就好像是我死后做了一个不可思议的梦一样。—《國家地理學會》,J. Michael Fay[4]

    有可能在没有人类干涉的情况下兽群恢复得比想象的快。

    行为

    雄性是會保護領土的,領土直径不超过30米,其它的雄兽则在周边建立邻近的领土。一般这样的领土群不超过15头雄兽。並維持約1星期。雄兽會在其领土内繞行巡邏,不斷的尖叫,一般它们在一个领土内只待一星期后就会移到别处,一般整个领土群的雄兽会一起迁移。

    繁殖

    雌兽于13个月后性成熟,雄兽需要18个月达到性成熟。性成熟后的雄兽会离开它们原来的群参加一个雄兽群。赤羚的怀孕期为7.5至9个月。一般来说它们随时可能出生,但是在比较干旱的地区大多数幼兽出生于雨季末(九月至十二月)。

    出生后幼兽在一开始的六周内不能行走,此后能够跟从它们的目前。六至七个月后它们断奶[3]

    外部链接

    参考资料

    1. ^ Kobus kob. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. 2008.
    2. ^ Kob Antelope: Kobus kob. ThinkQuest library. [2007年6月16日]. (原始内容存档于2007年8月7日).
    3. ^ 3.0 3.1 White-eared kob (Kobus kob). BBC. (原始内容存档于2008-04-20).
    4. ^ Massive Animal Herds Flourishing Despite Sudan War, Survey Reveals. 國家地理學會. 2007年1月对苏丹南部的空中调查。领导人:J. Michael Fay,国际野生生物保护学会生物学家
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    赤羚: Brief Summary ( Çince )

    wikipedia 中文维基百科 tarafından sağlandı

    赤羚(學名:Kobus kob)是一種分布于从塞内加尔苏丹共和国撒哈拉以南非洲羚羊。它们主要的生活环境是北部的草原,其中在乌干达默奇桑瀑布国家公园伊丽莎白女王国家公园刚果民主共和国加兰巴国家公园维龙加国家公园以及苏丹南部的草原上出现比较多。

    赤羚站立時肩高約70-100厘米,體重80-100公斤背部呈橙紅色,漸淡至腹部及四肢的白色。在有白圈圍繞,而腿上則有黑紋。雄性的赤羚有著短少的環狀角,約长50厘米,向外少許的孤出呈「S」形狀。

    赤羚生活於潮濕的區域上,如氾濫平原,在這裡牠們以為糧食。牠們是白天活動的動物,但在每天最熱的時間則不會活動。牠們生活在尤雌兽及其幼兽或者仅由雄兽组成的群中,每群數約為5-40頭不等,有些族群甚至達至1000頭。

    乌干达国徽上有乌干达赤羚(Kobus kob thomasi)的图像。苏丹和埃塞俄比亚的白耳赤羚(Kobus Kob leucotis)进行大规模迁徙。

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    コーブ ( Japonca )

    wikipedia 日本語 tarafından sağlandı
    曖昧さ回避 この項目では、ウシ科の動物について説明しています。その他の用法については「コーブ (曖昧さ回避)」をご覧ください。
    コーブ コーブ
    ウガンダコーブ
    Kobus kob thomasi
    保全状況評価[a 1] LEAST CONCERN
    (IUCN Red List Ver.3.1 (2001))
    Status iucn3.1 LC.svg 分類 : 動物界 Animalia : 脊索動物門 Chordata 亜門 : 脊椎動物亜門 Vertebrata : 哺乳綱 Mammalia : ウシ目 Artiodactyla 亜目 : ウシ亜目 Ruminantia : ウシ科 Bovidae 亜科 : ブルーバック亜科 Hippotraginae : ウォーターバック属 Kobus : コーブ K. kob 学名 Kobus kob (Erxleben, 1777) 和名 コーブ 英名 Kob

    コーブKobus kob)は、ウシ科ウォーターバック属に分類される偶蹄類

    分布[編集]

    ウガンダエチオピアガーナカメルーンギニアギニアビサウコートジボワールコンゴ民主共和国スーダン南部、チャド中央アフリカ共和国、トーゴナイジェリアニジェールブルキナファソベナンマリ共和国[1][2]

    形態[編集]

    体長140-180センチメートル[2]。尾長20-40センチメートル[2]。肩高オス90-100センチメートル、メス82-92センチメートル[1]体重65-120キログラム[2]。全身は短い体毛で被われる[2]。頸部の体毛は鬣状に伸長せず、背面中央部の体毛は前方に向かって生える[2]。全身の毛衣は赤褐色や橙色で、オスは老齢個体や亜種によっては黒褐色になる個体もいる[2]。耳介の基部や内側、唇、喉、胸部から腹部、四肢上部の内側の毛衣は白い[2]。前肢前面や後肢下部の前面(人間でいう足の甲)の毛衣は黒い[2]

    後肢基部内側(鼠蹊腺)に臭腺がある[2]

    オスにのみアルファベットの「S」字状にやや湾曲した角がある[2]。角長40-70センチメートル[2]。角の表面には10-15個の節がある[2]乳頭の数は4個[2]

    • K. k. leucotis シロミミコーブ

    オスは毛衣が黒い[1][2]

    分類[編集]

    • Kobus kob kob (Erxleben, 1777) セネガルコーブ
    • Kobus kob leucotis (Lichtenstein & Peters, 1853) シロミミコーブ
    • Kobus kob thomasi (Sclater, 1896) ウガンダコーブ
    • Kobus kob ubangiensis (Schwarz, 1913) ウバンギコーブ - など

    生態[編集]

    平地や丘陵にある草原森林の周辺にある水辺に生息する[1][2]。1-数頭のオスとメスや幼獣からなる2-40頭の群れを形成し生活する[2]。また若いオスのみで群れを形成する[2]

    食性は植物食で、主に水生植物を食べる[2]

    繁殖形態は胎生。繁殖期になるとオスは一定の場所に直径10-45メートルの縄張りを形成して密集し、縄張り内に入ったメスと交尾する[2]。妊娠期間は261-271日[2]。1回に1頭の幼獣を年に2回に分けて産む[2]

    保全状態評価[編集]

    • K. k. kob セネガルコーブ

    VULNERABLE (IUCN Red List Ver. 3.1 (2001))

    Status iucn3.1 VU.svg
    • K. k. leucotis シロミミコーブ、K. k. thomasi ウガンダコーブ

    LEAST CONCERN (IUCN Red List Ver. 3.1 (2001))

    Status iucn3.1 LC.svg

    参考文献[編集]

    [ヘルプ]
    1. ^ a b c d 今泉吉典監修 D.W.マクドナルド編 『動物大百科4 大型草食獣』、平凡社1986年、130頁。
    2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v 今泉吉典監修 『世界の動物 分類と飼育7 (偶蹄目III)』、東京動物園協会、1988年、56-58頁。

    関連項目[編集]

     src= ウィキスピーシーズにコーブに関する情報があります。

    外部リンク[編集]

    1. ^ The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
      • IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group 2008. Kobus kob. In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.3.
        • IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group 2008. Kobus kob kob. In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.3.
        • IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group 2008. Kobus kob leucotis. In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.3.
        • IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group 2008. Kobus kob thomasi. In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.3.
    執筆の途中です この項目は、動物に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めていますPortal:生き物と自然プロジェクト:生物)。
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    コーブ: Brief Summary ( Japonca )

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    コーブ(Kobus kob)は、ウシ科ウォーターバック属に分類される偶蹄類

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    코브 ( Korece )

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     src= 다른 뜻에 대해서는 코브 (동음이의) 문서를 참고하십시오.
     src= 은 여기로 연결됩니다. 다른 뜻에 대해서는 콥 (동음이의) 문서를 참고하십시오.

    코브(Kobus kob)는 소과 물영양속에 속하는 영양의 일종이다. 사하라 이남 아프리카세네갈부터 남수단에 이르는 지역에서 발견된다. 북부 사바나 지역을 따라서 서식하지만, 우간다의 머치슨 폭포와 퀸 엘리자베스 국립공원, 콩고 민주 공화국의 가람바 국립공원과 비룽가 국립공원, 그리고 남수단의 범람원 초식지 등에서 목격되곤 한다. 코브는 범람원과 같은 저지대에서 발견되며, 풀을 먹는다. 주행성 동물이지만, 한낮의 햇볕 아래에서는 활동하지 않고, 무리를 지어 생활한다.

    아종

    • K. k. kob
    • K. k. thomasi
    • K. k. leucotis

    각주

    1. “Kobus kob”. 《멸종 위기 종의 IUCN 적색 목록. 2008판》 (영어). 국제 자연 보전 연맹. 2008. 2008년 5월 10일에 확인함.
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