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Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

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Observations: Little is known about the lifespan of this species. One captive animal lived for 13.7 years (Richard Weigl 2005), but more detailed studies are needed to better estimate the maximum longevity of this species.
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Associations ( İngilizce )

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Asiatic brush-tailed porcupines eat fallen seeds and may disperse some seeds. Such pits and holes created by porcupines can be an important small habitat for sensitive plants. Asiatic brush-tailed porcupines also burrow dens in rocks and soil, and tunneling may provide some aeration of the surrounding soil and create habitat for invertebrates and other, small vertebrates.

Ecosystem Impact: disperses seeds; creates habitat; soil aeration

Commensal/Parasitic Species:

  • Plasmodium atheruri
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Choe, G. 2006. "Atherurus macrourus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Atherurus_macrourus.html
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Ginn Choe, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Associations ( İngilizce )

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Large carnivores such as leopards, humans, large owls, canids, and other cats, hunt porcupines. Atherurus species are protected from most predators by their defensive spines.

Known Predators:

  • humans (Homo sapiens)
  • leopards (Panthera pardus)
  • tigers (Panthera tigris)
  • dholes (Cuon alpinus)
  • clouded leopards (Neofelis nebulosa)
  • golden jackals (Canis aureus)
  • domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris)

Anti-predator Adaptations: aposematic

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Choe, G. 2006. "Atherurus macrourus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Atherurus_macrourus.html
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Ginn Choe, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Morphology ( İngilizce )

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Asiatic brush-tailed porcupines are rat-like and quite slender. They have an almost entirely spiny body, though quills are soft on the under parts, head, and legs. Fur coloration on the upper back is black-brown to grey-brown. These animals possess short and stout limbs, with short, rounded ears. Eyes and ears are quite small. Individual hairs have whitish tips. The underside (ventral side) fur coloration is dirty white to light brown. Their roundish spines are flattened and stiletto-like, with fluted grooves on the upper surface. On the lower back, round and thicker bristles are interspersed between the spines resulting in a distinct terminal tuft. The tuft is whitish to creamy buff in color. Each bristle is thick and scaly and contains a chain of flattened disks that rattles when shaken. This serves as a warning to deter predators. On the upper back, flexible spines are between the fluted spikes, and the longest spines are located on the mid-upper side region. Spines can be about 10 cm long. They have a brush-like tuft on the tip of the tail.

These animals are agile and can run, climb, and swim well. Their fore- and hind-feet are five toed, partially webbed and possess blunt, straight claws. However, the large toe is reduced. The soles are naked and are fitted with pads. The skull lacks or has a very weak postorbital process.

Range mass: 1.0 to 4.3 kg.

Range length: 36.5 to 60 cm.

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry

Sexual Dimorphism: sexes alike; ornamentation

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Choe, G. 2006. "Atherurus macrourus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Atherurus_macrourus.html
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Ginn Choe, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Life Expectancy ( İngilizce )

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Hystrids are reported to be long-lived. However, not much is known about the lifespan of Atherurus macrourus in the wild. In captivity, Atherurus africanus has been reported to live 23 years, Hystrix brachyura, 21.

Typical lifespan
Status: wild:
15 (high) years.

Typical lifespan
Status: captivity:
20 (high) years.

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Choe, G. 2006. "Atherurus macrourus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Atherurus_macrourus.html
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Ginn Choe, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web

Habitat ( İngilizce )

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Asiatic brush-tailed porcupines are terrestrial and nocturnal. They rest during the day in burrows, crevices, termitaries, under and in fallen trees, in holes among tree roots, caves, or cavities along stream banks. They can live in elevations up to altitudes of 3000 meters. Asiatic brush-tailed porcupines prefer to live by plantations or cultivated areas, river forests, forest islands, as well as primary and secondary forests. These animals may dig burrows in soft floors of rainforests, and are often found near water. Rock dens are found to be intricate, having three entries spaced 2 meters apart, feeding into tunnels 3.5 meters long, showing that species of hystricids can be productive lodge diggers. Asiatic brush-tailed porcupines do not cushion their dens with plant materials.

Range elevation: 3000 (high) m.

Habitat Regions: tropical ; terrestrial

Terrestrial Biomes: forest ; rainforest ; scrub forest

Other Habitat Features: agricultural ; riparian ; caves

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Choe, G. 2006. "Atherurus macrourus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Atherurus_macrourus.html
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Ginn Choe, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Distribution ( İngilizce )

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Atherurus macrourus (Asiatic brush-tailed porcupines) are distributed across southeast Asia. They are found in Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysian Peninsula, Malacca by Lyon, eastern Assam (India), Hupei, Hainan, southcentral China (Yunnan, Szechuan, and Guangxi provinces), Sumatra, Burma, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, and adjacent Indo-chinese islands.

Biogeographic Regions: oriental (Native ); oceanic islands (Native )

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Choe, G. 2006. "Atherurus macrourus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Atherurus_macrourus.html
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Ginn Choe, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Trophic Strategy ( İngilizce )

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These animals strictly forage during the night. They are herbivorous and usually feed on vegetation. They enjoy tree bark, roots, tubers, leaves, bulbs, and fallen fruits. However, they sometimes also feed on cultivated crops, insects, and carrion.

Animal Foods: carrion ; insects

Plant Foods: leaves; roots and tubers; wood, bark, or stems; seeds, grains, and nuts; fruit; flowers

Primary Diet: herbivore (Folivore , Lignivore)

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Choe, G. 2006. "Atherurus macrourus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Atherurus_macrourus.html
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Ginn Choe, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Benefits ( İngilizce )

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Asiatic brush-tailed porcupines are hunted for their meat.

Positive Impacts: food

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Choe, G. 2006. "Atherurus macrourus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Atherurus_macrourus.html
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Ginn Choe, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Benefits ( İngilizce )

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Asiatic brush-tailed porcupines may overfeed on crops, including casava, sweet potatoes, bananas, peanuts, maize, pineapple, mango, and sugarcane. Their habit of eating the a ring of cambium layer around the base of trees results in the death of trees when their vascular tissue is destroyed. Atherurus africanus is known to be a carrier of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium atheruri.

Negative Impacts: injures humans (bites or stings, carries human disease); crop pest

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Choe, G. 2006. "Atherurus macrourus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Atherurus_macrourus.html
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Ginn Choe, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web

Conservation Status ( İngilizce )

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Asiatic brush-tailed porcupines are not yet endangered nor threatened

US Federal List: no special status

CITES: no special status

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern

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Choe, G. 2006. "Atherurus macrourus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Atherurus_macrourus.html
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Ginn Choe, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web

Behavior ( İngilizce )

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The tendency towards inflation of the facial portion of the skull, and the enlargement of nasal bones is less pronounced in Asiatic brush-tailed porcupines than in other porcupines. The enlarged nasal cavity may allow the animals to have a heightened sense of smell, or it may serve to help retrieving moisture from the air. As in most mammals, chemical cues are widely used in communication. Atherurus macrourus rattle the small cups at the end of their tails, which discourages their predators.

Communication Channels: visual ; acoustic ; chemical

Other Communication Modes: pheromones ; scent marks ; vibrations

Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; vibrations ; chemical

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Choe, G. 2006. "Atherurus macrourus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Atherurus_macrourus.html
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Ginn Choe, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Reproduction ( İngilizce )

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The spines on the backs of females can make mating problematic for male brush-tailed porcupines. Females can be aggressive and rapidly move backward into a male (backward attack). African brush-tailed porcupine (Atherurus africanus) females are not aggressive toward males they are familiar with, but are very aggressive when meeting unfamiliar males. Therefore, a complicated ritual of appeasement performed by males. In other members of the genus Hystrix, the female puts her tail up and the male stands on his hind legs, supporting himself with his hands on the back of the female during mating.

Mating System: monogamous

Both parents participate in raising the young. They breed throughout the year in regions with more favorable climates, otherwise breeding seasonally in the most favorable season. They have 1 to 2 litters a year, with 1 to 2 offspring per litter. No information was found concerning the gestation period of this species, but the related Atherurus africanus has a pregnancy that lasts 100 to 110 days. Females have two pairs of lateral thoracic mammae, and give birth in maternity chambers cushioned with grass or fallen leaves.

Breeding interval: Females give birth to 1 to 2 litters per year.

Breeding season: Breeding occurs throughout the year in regions with more favorable climates, and during the most favorable season in more temperate regions.

Range number of offspring: 1 to 2.

Range gestation period: 100 to 110 days.

Average weaning age: 2 months.

Range time to independence: 1 to 2 years.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 2 years.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 2 years.

Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; year-round breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; viviparous

Average number of offspring: 1.25.

Newborns are very active and agile within hours after they are born. They are highly developed nidifugous animals, with eyes open soon after birth. Because they are very small in size, (3% of the mother's body weight) they have to be nursed for a long time. Both parents participate in guarding the young, taking them for their first excursions and watching over them.

Parental Investment: precocial ; pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Male, Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Male, Female, Protecting: Male, Female); pre-independence (Provisioning: Male, Female, Protecting: Male, Female)

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Choe, G. 2006. "Atherurus macrourus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Atherurus_macrourus.html
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Ginn Choe, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web

Atherurus macrourus ( Katalanca; Valensiyaca )

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Atherurus macrourus és una espècie de rosegador de la família dels porcs espins del Vell Món. Viu a Bangla Desh, la Xina, l'Índia, Laos, Malàisia, Myanmar, Tailàndia i el Vietnam. Es tracta d'un animal nocturn. El seu hàbitat natural són els boscos montans tropicals i subtropicals. Es creu que no hi ha cap amenaça significativa per a la supervivència d'aquesta espècie, tot i que està afectat per la destrucció d'hàbitat, la caça i els atropellaments.[1]

Referències

  1. Lunde, D.; Molur, S. Atherurus macrourus. UICN 2008. Llista Vermella d'espècies amenaçades de la UICN, edició 2008, consultada el 22 gener 2015.
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Atherurus macrourus: Brief Summary ( Katalanca; Valensiyaca )

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Atherurus macrourus és una espècie de rosegador de la família dels porcs espins del Vell Món. Viu a Bangla Desh, la Xina, l'Índia, Laos, Malàisia, Myanmar, Tailàndia i el Vietnam. Es tracta d'un animal nocturn. El seu hàbitat natural són els boscos montans tropicals i subtropicals. Es creu que no hi ha cap amenaça significativa per a la supervivència d'aquesta espècie, tot i que està afectat per la destrucció d'hàbitat, la caça i els atropellaments.

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Asiatischer Quastenstachler ( Almanca )

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Der Asiatische Quastenstachler (Atherurus macrourus) ist eine Stachelschweinart aus der Gattung der Quastenstachler (Atherurus). Er kommt in Asien vom Süden der Volksrepublik China bis nach Indien und Südostasien vor.

Merkmale

Der Asiatische Quastenstachler erreicht eine Kopf-Rumpf-Länge von 34,5 bis 52,5 Zentimetern, die Schwanzlänge beträgt 13,9 bis 22,8 Zentimeter und das Gewicht liegt zwischen zwei und vier Kilogramm. Der Hinterfuß wird 64 bis 75 Millimeter lang, die Ohrlänge beträgt 30 bis 36 Millimeter.[1] Er ist damit für ein Nagetier vergleichsweise groß, innerhalb der Stachelschweine jedoch relativ klein mit einem vergleichsweise langen Schwanz und kurzen Beinen. Der Rücken ist mit flachen und gekerbten Stacheln bedeckt, die Stacheln der Bauchseite sind weich und dünn. Der Schwanz ist schuppig und endet in einer Quaste aus weißen, etwa 20 Zentimeter langen und harten Stachelborsten. Die Weibchen haben zwei seitlich angelegte Zitzen.[1]

Die Schädellänge beträgt 83 bis 120 Millimeter. Die Nasenbeine sind schmal und kurz und erreichen eine Länge von weniger als 30 % der Schädellänge und der vorderste Bereich reicht nur etwa 3 bis 4 Millimeter über den Vorderrand des Zwischenkieferbeins hinaus. Alle Molaren besitzen eine vollständige Zahnwurzel.[1]

Verbreitung

 src=
Verbreitungsgebiet des Asiatischen Quastenstachlers

Der Asiatische Quastenstachler kommt in Asien vom Süden der Volksrepublik China bis nach Indien und Südostasien vor. In Indien lebt er in Assam und er kommt wahrscheinlich auch im angrenzenden Bangladesch vor. In China umfasst das Verbreitungsgebiet die Provinzen Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Hubei, Hunnan und Guangxi sowie die Insel Hainan.[1] In Südostasien reicht die Verbreitung über Myanmar, Thailand mit der Insel Tarutau, Kambodscha, Laos, Vietnam und das Festland von Malaysia. Die Art wurde zudem auf der zu Indonesien gehörenden Insel Sumatra dokumentiert, eine Bestätigung steht jedoch noch aus.[2]

Lebensweise

Der Asiatische Quastenstachler lebt am Boden in dichten subtropischen und tropischen Bergwäldern, wahrscheinlich vorwiegend mit steinigen Böden und reichlich Unterholz mit Zuckerrohr und Bambuspflanzen.[2] Er ist nachtaktiv und primär bodenlebend, kann jedoch auch in Bäume und Gebüsch klettern. Die Tiere ernähren sich vorwiegend herbivor von Wurzeln, Knollen und grünen Pflanzenteilen. Sie leben in selbst gegrabenen oder übernommenen Bauen, die auch verbunden sein können und bis zu drei Individuen aufnehmen. Die Weibchen produzieren pro Jahr bis zu zwei Würfe und gebären nach einer Tragzeit von 100 bis 110 Tagen ein bis seltener zwei Jungtiere, die als Nestflüchter sehr schnell eigenständig aktiv sind. Sie verlassen den mütterlichen Bau nach etwa einer Woche, wenn die Stacheln ausgehärtet sind.[1]

Systematik

Der Asiatische Quastenstachler wird als eigenständige Art innerhalb der Gattung der Quastenstachler (Atherurus) eingeordnet, die aus zwei Arten besteht und neben ihm noch den Afrikanischen Quastenstachler (A. africanus) enthält. Die wissenschaftliche Erstbeschreibung stammt von Carl von Linné aus dem Jahr 1758, der die Art in der 10. Auflage seines Systema naturae beschrieb.[3]

Innerhalb der Art werden neben der Nominatform nach Wilson & Reeder 2005 keine Unterarten unterschieden,[3] Smith & Yan Xie 2009 geben jedoch für den chinesischen Teil des Verbreitungsgebietes zwei Unterarten an: Die Nominatform A. m. macrourus auf dem chinesischen Festland sowie die Inselform A. m. hainanus auf der Insel Hainan.[1]

Status, Bedrohung und Schutz

Der Asiatische Quastenstachler wird von der International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) als nicht gefährdet (Least concern) eingeordnet.[2] Begründet wird dies mit dem großen Verbreitungsgebiet und seinem Vorkommen in mehreren geschützten Regionen sowie dem nur geringen Rückgang der Bestände, der eine Aufnahme in eine Gefährdungskategorie nicht rechtfertigt.[2] Vor allem in Südasien ist die Art lokal durch die Umwandlung von Waldflächen in landwirtschaftliche Flächen, die Entnahme von Holz aus den Lebensräumen sowie die Jagd und Unfälle gefährdet.[2]

Belege

  1. a b c d e f Andrew T. Smith: Asiatic Brush-Tailed Porcupine. In: Andrew T. Smith, Yan Xie: A Guide to the Mammals of China. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ 2008, ISBN 978-0-691-09984-2, S. 274.
  2. a b c d e Atherurus macrourus in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN 2015-4. Eingestellt von: D. Lunde, S. Molur, 2008. Abgerufen am 14. Dezember 2015.
  3. a b Atherurus macrourus (Memento vom 22. Dezember 2015 im Internet Archive). In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Hrsg.): Mammal Species of the World. A taxonomic and geographic Reference. 2 Bände. 3. Auflage. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.

Literatur

  • Andrew T. Smith: Asiatic Brush-Tailed Porcupine. In: Andrew T. Smith, Yan Xie: A Guide to the Mammals of China. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ 2008, ISBN 978-0-691-09984-2, S. 274.

Weblinks

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Asiatischer Quastenstachler: Brief Summary ( Almanca )

wikipedia DE tarafından sağlandı

Der Asiatische Quastenstachler (Atherurus macrourus) ist eine Stachelschweinart aus der Gattung der Quastenstachler (Atherurus). Er kommt in Asien vom Süden der Volksrepublik China bis nach Indien und Südostasien vor.

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Asiatic brush-tailed porcupine ( İngilizce )

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The Asiatic brush-tailed porcupine (Atherurus macrourus) is a species of rodent in the family Hystricidae. It is found in China, Bhutan, India, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam.

Taxonomy

The synonyms of this species are Atherurus assamensis (Thomas, 1921), and Atherurus macrourus (Thomas, 1921) subspecies assamensis.[1]

Habitat

It is a nocturnal and fossorial species, occurring in subtropical and tropical montane forests. It is found on the forest floor, often in areas with profuse undergrowth interspersed with cane and bamboo brakes and palms.[2]

Breeding

It constructs burrows, which may be occupied by up to three animals. The female produces one or two litters a year, of a single young, after a gestation period of 100 to 110 days.[3]

Conservation

Known to be one of the rarest porcupines in South Asia,[4] the species is protected under Schedule II of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, though not listed in CITES. It has been recorded from Namdapha National Park in Arunachal Pradesh, India (Molur et al. 2005). It is present in a number of protected areas in Southeast Asia.

Behavior

In one study using camera traps, it was found that the porcupine typically hunts at night, with a single activity peak during the three-hour period before midnight. To avoid predators on nights when the moon is full, foraging activity is limited to dawn and dusk.[5]

References

  1. ^ a b Molur, S. (2020). "Atherurus macrourus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T2354A166518819. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T2354A166518819.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  2. ^ (Molur et al. 2005)
  3. ^ Andrew T. Smith: Asiatic Brush-Tailed Porcupine. In: Andrew T. Smith, Yan Xie: A Guide to the Mammals of China. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ 2008, ISBN 978-0-691-09984-2, S. 274.
  4. ^ Dhendup, Tashi; Dorji, Rinzin (2017). "First record of the Asiatic Brush-tailed Porcupine Atherurus macrourus Linnaeus, 1758 (Mammalia: Rodentia: Hystricidae) from western Bhutan". Journal of Threatened Taxa. 9 (11): 10959. doi:10.11609/jott.3791.9.11.10959-10960. ISSN 0974-7907.
  5. ^ Wen, Li-Jia; Guo, v. "The activity rhythm of the Asiatic brush-tailed porcupine Atherurus macrourus and its correlation with the phases of the moon". Chinese Journal of Zoology. 51 (3): 347–352. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
  • Woods, C. A. and C. W. Kilpatrick. (2005). Hystricognathi. Pp 1538–1600 in Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference 3rd ed. D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C.
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Asiatic brush-tailed porcupine: Brief Summary ( İngilizce )

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The Asiatic brush-tailed porcupine (Atherurus macrourus) is a species of rodent in the family Hystricidae. It is found in China, Bhutan, India, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam.

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Atherurus macrourus ( Baskça )

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Atherurus macrourus Atherurus generoko animalia da. Karraskarien barruko Hystricidae familian sailkatuta dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. (Ingelesez)Mammals - full taxonomy and Red List status Ugaztun guztien egoera 2008an
  2. Linnaeus (1758) Hystricidae Syst. Nat..

Ikus, gainera

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Atherurus macrourus: Brief Summary ( Baskça )

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Atherurus macrourus Atherurus generoko animalia da. Karraskarien barruko Hystricidae familian sailkatuta dago.

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Athérure malais ( Fransızca )

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Atherurus macrourus

L'Athérure malais (Atherurus macrourus), appelé aussi Athérure à longue queue[1],[2], est une espèce de mammifères, un porc-épic à queue en brosse de la famille des Hystricidae. Ce porc-épic se rencontre dans un large partie de l'Asie, allant du sud du Golfe de Thaïlande jusqu'aux contreforts de l'Himalaya au nord et du Bangladesh, à l'ouest, jusqu'en Chine[3].

Description

Le porc-épic athérure malais est près de deux fois plus petit que le porc-épic de Malaisie : il mesure de 34,5 à 52,5 cm de long, tête et corps inclus, mais a en plus une longue queue de 13,9 à 22,8 cm de long.

 src=
Athérure malais à gauche et porc-épic de Malaisie à droite, parc national de Kaeng Krachan, Thaïlande

C'est un animal terrestre qui vit à plusieurs, jusqu'à trois individus, dans un terrier, creusé au sein des forêts de montagnes tropicales et subtropicales, de préférence dans un sous-bois dense[3].

A près une période de gestation de 100 à 110 jours, la femelle donne naissance deux fois par an à un seul petit[3].

Répartition

On le trouve ainsi en Chine, Inde, Laos, Malaisie, Myanmar, Thaïlande, Vietnam, etc. Bien qu'ils n'y soient pas en danger, le nombre de ces animaux tend à diminuer par perte de leur habitat, conquis sur la forêt pour les besoins de l'agriculture itinérante[3].

 src=
Aire de répartition de l'athérure malais

Classification

Cette espèce a été décrite pour la première fois en 1758 par le naturaliste suédois Carl von Linné (1707-1778), sous le nom scientifique de Hystrix macrourus.

Elle admet plusieurs synonymes :

  • Atherurus assamensis Thomas, 1921
  • Hystrix macroura (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Hystrix macrourus Linnaeus, 1758

Notes et références

  1. Meyer C., ed. sc., 2009, Dictionnaire des Sciences Animales. consulter en ligne. Montpellier, France, Cirad.
  2. (en) Murray Wrobel, 2007. Elsevier's dictionary of mammals: in Latin, English, German, French and Italian. Elsevier, 2007. (ISBN 0444518770), 9780444518774. 857 pageRechercher dans le document numérisé
  3. a b c et d UICN, consulté le 1 avril 2014

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Athérure malais: Brief Summary ( Fransızca )

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Atherurus macrourus

L'Athérure malais (Atherurus macrourus), appelé aussi Athérure à longue queue,, est une espèce de mammifères, un porc-épic à queue en brosse de la famille des Hystricidae. Ce porc-épic se rencontre dans un large partie de l'Asie, allant du sud du Golfe de Thaïlande jusqu'aux contreforts de l'Himalaya au nord et du Bangladesh, à l'ouest, jusqu'en Chine.

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Atherurus macrourus ( İtalyanca )

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L'aterura macrura[2][3] (Atherurus macrourus Linnaeus, 1758) è una specie di mammifero, un porcospino dalla coda a fiocco della famiglia degli Istricidi. Questo porcospino è presente in una vasta zona dell'Asia, che va dal golfo di Thailandia, a sud, fino ai contrafforti dell'Himalaya, a nord, e dal Bangladesh, a ovest, fino alla Cina[1].

Descrizione

Come quello di tutti gli altri Istricidi, anche il corpo dell'aterura malese è rivestito di aculei, che raggiungono un'insolita lunghezza nella parte centrale del dorso; la coda è ricoperta da setole piatte, ed alla sua estremità è ornata da un ciuffo di lunghi aculei. La lunghezza dalla punta del naso alla base della coda è di 40-45 cm; la lunghezza della coda è di 15-25 cm

Biologia

Le aterure vivono nelle foreste tropicali, e nei boschi che fiancheggiano i corsi d'acqua fino a un'altitudine di 3000 metri; in genere non costruiscono nidi, ma vivono preferibilmente negli alberi cavi, nelle grotte e in altri nascondigli naturali, spesso in prossimità di piantagioni di banane, manioca e patate dolci[1].

Dopo un periodo di gestazione di 100-110 giorni, la femmina partorisce due volte all'anno un unico piccolo[1].

Distribuzione

È presente in Cina, India, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailandia, Vietnam, ecc. Sebbene non si tratti di una specie in pericolo, il numero di questi animali tende a diminuire a causa della perdita dell'habitat, in quanto le foreste in cui vive vengono abbattute dai contadini che praticano l'agricoltura itinerante[1].

Classificazione

Questa specie venne descritta per la prima volta nel 1758 dal naturalista svedese Carl von Linné (1707-1778), sotto il nome scientifico di Hystrix macrourus.

I nomi seguenti sono considerati sinonimi:

  • Atherurus assamensis Thomas, 1921
  • Hystrix macroura (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Hystrix macrourus Linnaeus, 1758

Note

  1. ^ a b c d e (EN) Amori, G. (Small Nonvolant Mammal Red List Authority) & Cox, N. (Global Mammal Assessment Team) 2008, Atherurus macrourus, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
  2. ^ Oscar De Beaux, 1930, «Ateruro» su Treccani. Enciclopedia Italiana.
  3. ^ (EN) Murray Wrobel, 2007. Elsevier's dictionary of mammals: in Latin, English, German, French and Italian. Elsevier, 2007. ISBN 0444518770. 857 pag.

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Atherurus macrourus: Brief Summary ( İtalyanca )

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L'aterura macrura (Atherurus macrourus Linnaeus, 1758) è una specie di mammifero, un porcospino dalla coda a fiocco della famiglia degli Istricidi. Questo porcospino è presente in una vasta zona dell'Asia, che va dal golfo di Thailandia, a sud, fino ai contrafforti dell'Himalaya, a nord, e dal Bangladesh, a ovest, fino alla Cina.

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Aziatisch kwaststaartstekelvarken ( Felemenkçe; Flemish )

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Het Aziatisch kwaststaartstekelvarken (Atherurus macrourus) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de stekelvarkens van de Oude Wereld (Hystricidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd in 1758 als Hystrix macroura gepubliceerd door Carl Linnaeus.[2]

Voorkomen

De soort komt voor in Bangladesh, China, Laos, Maleisië, Myanmar, Thailand en Vietnam.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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Aziatisch kwaststaartstekelvarken: Brief Summary ( Felemenkçe; Flemish )

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Het Aziatisch kwaststaartstekelvarken (Atherurus macrourus) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de stekelvarkens van de Oude Wereld (Hystricidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd in 1758 als Hystrix macroura gepubliceerd door Carl Linnaeus.

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Atherurus macrourus ( Portekizce )

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Atherurus macrourus é uma espécie de roedor da família Hystricidae. Pode ser encontrado na China, Índia, Mianmar, Laos, Vietnã, Tailândia e Malásia. É uma espécie noturna e fossorial ocorrendo em florestas de altitude tropicais e subtropicais.

Referências

  • WOODS, C. A.; KILPATRICK, C. W. Infraorder Hystricognathi. In: WILSON, D. E.; REEDER, D. M. (Eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. 3. ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. v. 2, p. 1538-1600.
  • LUNDE, D.; MOLUR, S. 2008. porcupine%20macrourus Atherurus macrourus. In: IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. . Acessado em 11 de novembro de 2008.
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Atherurus macrourus: Brief Summary ( Portekizce )

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Atherurus macrourus é uma espécie de roedor da família Hystricidae. Pode ser encontrado na China, Índia, Mianmar, Laos, Vietnã, Tailândia e Malásia. É uma espécie noturna e fossorial ocorrendo em florestas de altitude tropicais e subtropicais.

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Atherurus macrourus ( İsveççe )

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Atherurus macrourus[2][3] är en däggdjursart som först beskrevs av Carl von Linné 1758. Atherurus macrourus ingår i släktet kvastpiggsvin och familjen jordpiggsvin.[4][5] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.[1] Inga underarter finns listade.[4]

Utseende

Arten har liksom det andra kvastpiggsvinet en ganska smal kropp. Den blir 36,5 till 60 cm lång och väger 1,0 till 4,3 kg. Kroppen är täckt av päls och av många mer eller mindre stela taggar. Taggarna är mjukast på buken, på huvudet och på extremiteterna. De kan vara upp till 10 cm långa och de stela taggarna är avplattade med rännor på ovansidan. Pälsen har på ryggen en svartbrun till grå färg medan buken är ljusgrå till ljusbrun. Namnet kvastpiggsvin syftar på en tofs av borstiga hår vid svansens spets som påminner om en kvast. Huvudet kännetecknas av små ögon och små avrundade öron.[6]

Mellan taggarna på stjärten förekommer borstiga hår med en fjällig yta. När dessa hår skakas framkallas ett skramlande ljud som är en varningssignal.[6]

Utbredning och habitat

Piggsvinet förekommer i Sydostasien från nordöstra Indien (Assam) och sydöstra Kina till Malackahalvön och Vietnam. Arten vistas främst i låglandet och hittas där i tropiska regnskogar och andra skogar.[1]

Ekologi

En flock består vanligen av ett föräldrapar och deras ungar från olika kullar. Kullens storlek varierar allmänt mellan fyra och åtta individer. Flocken vilar tillsammans på dagen i en självgrävd underjordisk hålighet med en tunnel som kan vara 3,5 meter lång. Boet fodras med gräs innan nya ungar föds. Under natten letar de vuxna individerna och de äldre ungarna ofta ensam efter föda. De kan vandra upp till 15 km vid dessa tillfällen. Födan utgörs främst av växtdelar som rötter, rotfrukter, bark, unga växtskott, grönsaker och frukter som hittas på marken. I mindre mått äter arten insekter och kadaver.[6]

Med hjälp av taggarna har bra förmåga att försvara sig mot fiender. Trots allt faller några individer offer för större kattdjur, större hunddjur och större ugglor.[6]

I kyligare regioner sker parningen bara under årets varma årstider och i andra områden kan honan para sig hela året. Antalet kullar per år kan vara ett eller två och per kull föds upp till två ungar. De är ganska bra utvecklade och kan öppna sina ögon kort efter födelsen. Ungarna diar sin mor upp till två månader och de blir könsmogna under andra levnadsåret. Hos de äldre ungarna deltar även fadern i uppfostringen. Livslängden antas vara lika som hos andra jordpiggsvin, alltså cirka 15 år i naturen och upp till 23 år i fångenskap.[6]

Källor

  1. ^ [a b c] 2008 Atherurus macrourus Från: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 <www.iucnredlist.org>. Läst 2012-10-24.
  2. ^ Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (1992) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing
  3. ^ (2005) , website Atherurus macrourus, Mammal Species of the World
  4. ^ [a b] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (16 april 2011). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. Arkiverad från originalet den 18 juni 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120618223324/http://www.catalogueoflife.org/services/res/2011AC_26July.zip. Läst 24 september 2012.
  5. ^ ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Orrell T. (custodian), 2011-04-26
  6. ^ [a b c d e] Ginn Choe (16 april 2006). ”Asiatic brush-tailed porcupine” (på engelska). Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Atherurus_macrourus/. Läst 16 april 2016.

Externa länkar

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Atherurus macrourus: Brief Summary ( İsveççe )

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Atherurus macrourus är en däggdjursart som först beskrevs av Carl von Linné 1758. Atherurus macrourus ingår i släktet kvastpiggsvin och familjen jordpiggsvin. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig. Inga underarter finns listade.

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Їжатка азійська ( Ukraynaca )

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Ареал

Проживає у південно-східній Азії, у країнах: Бангладеш, Китай (Хайнань, Хубей, Сичуань, Юньнань), Індія (Ассам), Народно-Демократична Республіка Лаос, Малайзія, М'янма, Таїланд, В'єтнам. Зустрічається у субтропічних і тропічних гірських лісах.

Зовнішня морфологія

Гризун стрункої статури, з характерним довгим хвостом (що легко відривається), який закінчується пучком щетини. Вага: 1–4 кг, голова і тіло завдовжки 40.1–54.6 см, хвіст довжиною 15–25 см. Тіло майже повністю вкрите голками, хоча вини більш м'які на голові, ногах, і на нижній частині тіла. Найдовші шипи розміщені по центру спини. Тіло від чорно-коричневого до сіро-коричневого на верхній частині тіла; окремі волоски мають білуваті кінчики; нижня частина тіла від брудно-білого до світло-коричневого кольору. Кінцівки короткі й товсті, вуха короткі й округлі. Має частково перетинчасті лапи (для плавання).

Поведінка

Нічний вид, який живе кланами, що складається частіш за все з 4–8 особин. Ці клани мають спільні стежки, відхожі місця, місця харчування, території та сховища. Здатні лазити по деревах, швидко бігати і стрибати у висоту до 1 м. Основні вороги: леопарди, великі сови, змії, і люди. Протягом дня зазвичай переховується у житлі, розташованому в отворі між корінням дерев, скелястій ущелині, термітнику, печері або ерозійній порожнині.

Джерела


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Don (thú) ( Vietnamca )

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Don hay đon[2] hay còn gọi là nhím đuôi dài (tên khoa học: Atherurus macrourus) là loài động vật gặm nhấm thuộc họ Nhím. Loài này phân bố ở Trung Quốc, Ấn Độ, Lào, Malaysia, Myanma, Thái LanViệt Nam. Don là động vật ăn đêm, thường gặp ở các khu rừng tại vùng núi nhiệt đới và cận nhiệt đới. Mỗi hang don thường có 3 cá thể. Don mẹ thường sinh 2 lứa mỗi năm sau thời gian mang thai khoảng 100 ngày đến 110 ngày, mỗi lứa một con.

Chú thích

  1. ^ Lunde, D. & Molur, S. (2008). Atherurus macrourus. 2008 Sách đỏ IUCN. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế 2008. Truy cập ngày 5 tháng 1 năm 2009.
  2. ^ Don. Website tra cứu thực vật rừng Việt Nam. Truy cập ngày 21 tháng 2 năm 2012.

Tham khảo

  • Woods C. A. và C. W. Kilpatrick. 2005. Hystricognathi. Tr. 1538–1600 trong Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (Ấn bản lần 3) D. E. Wilson và D. M. Reeder chủ biên. Nhà in Viện Smithsonian, Washington D.C.


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Don (thú): Brief Summary ( Vietnamca )

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Don hay đon hay còn gọi là nhím đuôi dài (tên khoa học: Atherurus macrourus) là loài động vật gặm nhấm thuộc họ Nhím. Loài này phân bố ở Trung Quốc, Ấn Độ, Lào, Malaysia, Myanma, Thái LanViệt Nam. Don là động vật ăn đêm, thường gặp ở các khu rừng tại vùng núi nhiệt đới và cận nhiệt đới. Mỗi hang don thường có 3 cá thể. Don mẹ thường sinh 2 lứa mỗi năm sau thời gian mang thai khoảng 100 ngày đến 110 ngày, mỗi lứa một con.

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帚尾豪猪 ( Çince )

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二名法 Atherurus macrourus
(Linnaeus, 1758)[2]

帚尾豪猪(学名:Atherurus macrourus),亦作掃尾豪猪,为豪猪科帚尾豪猪属的动物。分布于印度老挝马来西亚缅甸泰国越南中国大陆海南云南四川湖北等地,一般生活于山地岩隙、岩洞。该物种的模式产地在马六甲[2]

亚种

  • 帚尾豪猪海南亚种学名Atherurus macrourus hainanus),J. Allen于1906年命名。在中国大陆,分布于海南等地。该物种的模式产地在海南。[3]
  • 帚尾豪猪指名亚种学名Atherurus macrourus macrourus),Linnaeus于1758年命名。在中国大陆,分布于云南四川湖北等地。该物种的模式产地在马六甲。[4]

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Atherurus macrourus. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. 2008.
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 中国科学院动物研究所. 帚尾豪猪. 《中国动物物种编目数据库》. 中国科学院微生物研究所. [2009-03-27]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-05).
  3. ^ 中国科学院动物研究所. 帚尾豪猪海南亚种. 《中国动物物种编目数据库》. 中国科学院微生物研究所. [2009-03-27]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-05).
  4. ^ 中国科学院动物研究所. 帚尾豪猪指名亚种. 《中国动物物种编目数据库》. 中国科学院微生物研究所. [2009-03-27]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-05).
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帚尾豪猪: Brief Summary ( Çince )

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帚尾豪猪(学名:Atherurus macrourus),亦作掃尾豪猪,为豪猪科帚尾豪猪属的动物。分布于印度老挝马来西亚缅甸泰国越南中国大陆海南云南四川湖北等地,一般生活于山地岩隙、岩洞。该物种的模式产地在马六甲

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아시아붓꼬리호저 ( Korece )

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아시아붓꼬리호저 또는 아시아송이꼬리호저(Atherurus macrourus)는 호저과설치류의 일종이다. 중국인도, 라오스, 말레이시아, 미얀마, 타이 그리고 베트남에서 발견된다.

각주

  1. “Atherurus macrourus”. 《멸종 위기 종의 IUCN 적색 목록. 2008판》 (영어). 국제 자연 보전 연맹. 2008. 2009년 1월 5일에 확인함.
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