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Microglossum ( İngilizce )

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Microglossum is a genus of fungi in the family Leotiaceae. Ascocarps (fruit bodies) occur in soil and resemble earth tongues, but are microscopically distinct. Microglossum atropurpureum, a species typical of waxcap grassland in Europe, is of global conservation concern and is listed as "vulnerable" on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.[1]

Species

References

  1. ^ "Dark-purple Earthtongue Microglossum atropurpureum: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". Retrieved 2022-12-01.
  2. ^ Kučera V, Lizoň P, Tomšovský M, Kučera J, Gaisler J. (2014). "Re-evaluation of the morphological variability of Microglossum viride and M. griseoviride sp. nov". Mycologia. 106 (2): 282–290. doi:10.3852/106.2.282. PMID 24782496. S2CID 20962118.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)

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Microglossum: Brief Summary ( İngilizce )

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Microglossum is a genus of fungi in the family Leotiaceae. Ascocarps (fruit bodies) occur in soil and resemble earth tongues, but are microscopically distinct. Microglossum atropurpureum, a species typical of waxcap grassland in Europe, is of global conservation concern and is listed as "vulnerable" on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

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Microglossum ( Endonezce )

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Microglossum merupakan genus dari fungi dalam familia Geoglossaceae. Genus ini disirkumskrip oleh Claude Casimir Gillet pada 1879.[4]

Spesies

Referensi

  1. ^ Cooke MC. (1879). Mycographia, seu Icones fungorum. 1. London: Williams and Norgate. hlm. 215–276 (see p. 250).
  2. ^ Imai S. (1955). "Contributiones ad studia monographica Geoglossacearum. II". Science Reports of the Yokohama National University. 4 (Ser. 2): 1–11.
  3. ^ "Synonymy: Microglossum Gillet". CAB International. Diakses tanggal 2015-02-05.
  4. ^ Gillet CC. (1879). Champignons de France. Les Discomycètes (dalam bahasa French). 1. Paris: Alençon. hlm. 1–28.Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)
  5. ^ Kučera V, Lizoň P, Tomšovský M, Kučera J, Gaisler J. (2014). "Re-evaluation of the morphological variability of Microglossum viride and M. griseoviride sp. nov". Mycologia. 106 (2): 282–290. doi:10.3852/106.2.282. PMID 24782496.Pemeliharaan CS1: Menggunakan parameter penulis (link)

Pranala luar

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Microglossum: Brief Summary ( Endonezce )

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Microglossum merupakan genus dari fungi dalam familia Geoglossaceae. Genus ini disirkumskrip oleh Claude Casimir Gillet pada 1879.

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小舌菌屬 ( Çince )

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红棕小舌菌瑞典语Microglossum rufum M. rufum
 src=
綠小舌菌 M. viride
 src=
綠小舌菌的子囊

小舌菌屬學名Microglossum)傳統上是地舌菌綱的一個,包含許多色彩鮮豔的地舌菌,共有30餘種物種。但近代的分子證據則顯示本屬與錘舌菌綱類群的關係較為接近,而被改歸入錘舌菌綱中。

分類

1879年,英國真菌學家摩迪凱·邱比特·庫克英语Mordecai Cubitt Cooke地舌菌屬下孢子為透明的物種歸入一個稱為Leptoglossum亞屬,其下又細分為兩個,一個包含子實體為深色的類群,另一個則包含子實體為淺色的類群[3],同年,法國真菌學家克勞德·卡西米爾·吉萊英语Claude Casimir Gillet首度定義了本屬,將子實體為淺色的類群歸入本屬中[3],包含棕绿小舌菌瑞典语Microglossum olivaceum綠小舌菌[4]。1884年,義大利真菌學家皮尔·安德烈·萨卡度英语Pier Andrea Saccardo在不知五年前吉萊已發表本屬的情況下,使用與本屬相同的學名,重複定義了Microglossum,將Leptoglossum中子實體為深色的另一個節歸入其中,並以Microglossum hookeri(現名Thuemenidium hookeri)為模式物種,1891年,德國植物學家奧托·科擇英语Otto Kuntze將薩卡度定義的Microglossum屬改名為Thuemenidium英语Thuemenidium[5]

吉萊發表本屬時沒有指定本屬的模式物種[6],1908年埃利亞斯·茱達·杜蘭英语埃利亞斯·茱達·杜蘭將綠小舌菌作為本屬的選模標本(lectotype)[7]。近年來,分子種系發生學的結果顯示小舌菌屬與錘舌菌綱錘舌菌屬英语Leotia親緣關係較為接近,應從地舌菌綱中移出,改歸入錘舌菌綱的柔膜菌目[8]Thuemenidium傳統上亦被認為屬於地舌菌綱,但近年的分子證據顯示其與小舌菌屬關係接近,共同組成一個演化支,兩者均應歸屬於錘舌菌綱[9]

形態

小舌菌屬約有36種物種,其子實體呈舌狀或棒狀,顏色較鮮豔,呈綠色、紅棕色、橄欖色、黃色或土黃色,但不為黑色或深褐色。生長於草地上[7]。有別於地舌菌屬毛舌菌屬子實體中子實層與下方柄的分界不明顯,小舌菌屬子實層與下方柄有清楚的分界,顯示其子實體發育的過程中,可能有子實層被包覆的階段[10]子囊呈棒狀至圓柱狀,有孔,內含八枚子囊孢子,子囊孢子顏色為透明,呈橢球狀、圓柱狀或紡錘狀,可能具有隔膜英语septa,也可能不具隔膜,側絲英语paraphyses可為直、稍有彎曲、或頂端呈漩渦狀。下方的柄可能平滑,亦可能具有小鱗而粗糙[7]

物種

以下列出小舌菌屬的部分物種[11]

參考資料

  1. ^ Imai S. Contributiones ad studia monographica Geoglossacearum. II. Science Reports of the Yokohama National University. 1955, 4 (Ser. 2): 1–11.
  2. ^ Microglossum. MycoBank. [2018-10-11]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-07).
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 The Geoglossaceae of North America. Biology Pamphlets. University of California. 1897: 405.
  4. ^ Gillet CC. Champignons de France. Les Discomycètes 1. Paris: Alençon. 1879: 1–28 [2018-10-11]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-04) (法语).
  5. ^ Esteri Ohenoja, Zheng Wang, Jeffrey P. Townsend, David Mitchel & Andrus Voitk. Northern species of earth tongue genus Thuemenidium revisited, considering morphology, ecology and molecular phylogeny 102 (5). Mycologia. 2010. doi:10.3852/09-317.
  6. ^ Kučera V, Lizoň P, Tomšovsky M, Kučera J, Gaisler J. Re-evaluation of the morphological variability of Microglossum viride and M. griseoviride sp. nov. 106 (2). Mycologia: 282-290. 2014. doi:10.3852/106.2.282.
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Viktor Kučera, Pavel Lizoň & Michal Tomšovský. Taxonomic divergence of the green naked-stipe members of the genus Microglossum(Helotiales) 109 (1). Mycologia. 2017. doi:10.1080/00275514.2016.1274620.
  8. ^ Wang Z, Binder M, Schoch CL, Johnston PR, Spatafora JW, Hibbett DS. Evolution of helotialean fungi (Leotiomycetes, Pezizomycotina): A nuclear rDNA phylogeny 41 (2). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution: 295-312. 2006. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.05.031.
  9. ^ V.P. Hustad, A.N. Miller, B.T.M. Dentinger, and P.F. Cannon. Generic circumscriptions in Geoglossomycetes 31. Persoonia: 101-111. doi:10.3767/003158513X671235.
  10. ^ C.L. Schoch, Z. Wang, J.P. Townsend, and J.W. Spatafora. Geoglossomycetes cl. nov., Geoglossales ord. nov. and taxa above class rank in the Ascomycota Tree of Life 22. Persoonia: 129-138. 2009. doi:10.3767/003158509X461486.
  11. ^ 中文名稱參考:中国生物多样性红色名录—大型真菌卷 (PDF). 中国科学院 生态环境部: 71. 2018-05.
物種識別信息
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小舌菌屬: Brief Summary ( Çince )

wikipedia 中文维基百科 tarafından sağlandı
 src= 红棕小舌菌(瑞典语:Microglossum rufum) M. rufum  src= 綠小舌菌 M. viride  src= 綠小舌菌的子囊

小舌菌屬(學名:Microglossum)傳統上是地舌菌綱的一個,包含許多色彩鮮豔的地舌菌,共有30餘種物種。但近代的分子證據則顯示本屬與錘舌菌綱類群的關係較為接近,而被改歸入錘舌菌綱中。

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