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Morphology ( İngilizce )

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Pygmy scaly-tailed flying squirrels have a body length from 63 to 75 mm, tail length of 83 to 104 mm, hind foot length of 14 to 17 mm, ear length of 11 to 15 mm, and greatest length of skull of 22 mm. They are the smallest of the scaly-tailed squirrels. They have a feathery tail. Dorsal fur color is grey to brown and ventral fur color is whitish. A gliding membrane is located between the fore and hind limbs. Scaly-tailed squirrels have silky fur, long whiskers, and two rows of pine cone like scales on the underside of their tails. The top of the tail is covered with sparse, 2 cm long hairs. The tail has a row of short (2 to 3 mm), stiff hairs along both sides. The entire underside of the tail is hairless, with a 1.5 to 2.5 cm long rough, scaly patch that extends from the tail base. These scales typically act as anti-skid devices that also provide extra grip while climbing or support when resting. Sharp claws also provide extra grip. The fur is fine, although less dense on the gliding membrane. The elbow has a cartilaginous extension that allows for greater freedom of movement in the upper limbs.

Average mass: 17.4 g.

Range length: 63 to 75 mm.

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry

Sexual Dimorphism: sexes alike

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Cyr, M. 2007. "Idiurus zenkeri" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Idiurus_zenkeri.html
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Mandie Cyr, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Başlıksız ( İngilizce )

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Studying anomularid species in the field is difficult, not only because they are nocturnal, but also because they are sensitive to the red lights that biologists use at night. Anomularids are not rare; they are only very difficult to study and observe.

Idiurus zenkeri and feather-tailed gliders (Acrobates pygmaeus) are a remarkable example of convergence.

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Cyr, M. 2007. "Idiurus zenkeri" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Idiurus_zenkeri.html
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Behavior ( İngilizce )

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Pygmy scaly-tailed flying squirrels emit a mouse-like squeak that is heard when individuals are disturbed. Communication by scent is important in anomularids. Large groin glands produce strong smelling secretions.

Pygmy scaly-tailed flying squirrels have large, forward facing eyes that provide excellent binocular vision and relatively large ears that support acute hearing that could include ultrasonic frequencies.

Communication Channels: acoustic ; chemical

Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; ultrasound ; chemical

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Cyr, M. 2007. "Idiurus zenkeri" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Idiurus_zenkeri.html
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Conservation Status ( İngilizce )

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In 1996, I. zenkeri was listed as lower risk/near threatened by the IUCN. This species is poorly known and has since been re-categorized as data deficient. Idiurus zenkeri populations are negatively impacted by timber harvesting and destruction of habitat for agriculture.

In order for informed conservation planning, information regarding a number of life history characteristics is required, including: population numbers, distribution, ecological interactions, and reproductive characters.

US Federal List: no special status

CITES: no special status

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern

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Cyr, M. 2007. "Idiurus zenkeri" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Idiurus_zenkeri.html
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Habitat ( İngilizce )

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Pygmy scaly-tailed flying squirrels are found in moist tropical and subtropical climates. They are arboreal, occurring mainly in forests composed of the following tree taxa: Klainedoxa species, Pseudoprosopis species, Paramacrolobium species, Gilbertiodendron species, and Pentaclethra species.

Range elevation: Primarily high forests (high) m.

Habitat Regions: tropical ; terrestrial

Terrestrial Biomes: forest ; rainforest

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Cyr, M. 2007. "Idiurus zenkeri" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Idiurus_zenkeri.html
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Life Expectancy ( İngilizce )

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There is no information known about the longevity of I. zenkeri.

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Cyr, M. 2007. "Idiurus zenkeri" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Idiurus_zenkeri.html
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Associations ( İngilizce )

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There is little information on predators of pygmy scaly-tailed flying squirrels. Eagles have been known to prey on other scaly-tailed squirrel species and it is likely that birds of prey and arboreal snakes prey on scaly-tailed squirrels.

Known Predators:

  • eagles and other birds of prey (Falconiformes)
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Cyr, M. 2007. "Idiurus zenkeri" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Idiurus_zenkeri.html
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Benefits ( İngilizce )

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Scaly-tailed squirrel species will occasionally steal oil palm nuts, but they are not generally considered pest species.

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Cyr, M. 2007. "Idiurus zenkeri" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Idiurus_zenkeri.html
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Benefits ( İngilizce )

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Pygmy scaly-tailed flying squirrels are important members of their native ecosystems.

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Cyr, M. 2007. "Idiurus zenkeri" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Idiurus_zenkeri.html
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Mandie Cyr, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Associations ( İngilizce )

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Anomularids will chew off the tops of young, non-food tree species, resulting in a reduction of competition for their favored trees species and a change in the composition of forest trees. Pygmy scaly-tailed flying squirrels may also contribute to the dispersal of forest tree seeds when they eat fruit.

In 1968, four individuals of I. zenkeri were found nesting in a tree on Dipikar Island with two individuals of Anomalurus derbianus.

Mutualist Species:

  • Lord Derby's scaly-tailed squirrels (Anomalurus derbianus)
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Cyr, M. 2007. "Idiurus zenkeri" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Idiurus_zenkeri.html
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Trophic Strategy ( İngilizce )

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Pygmy scaly-tailed flying squirrels are capable of traveling several kilometers in search of food. Foraging behaviors are probably similar to that of Idiurus macrotis. Pygmy scaly-tailed flying squirrels eat fruit, nuts, tree gums, and bark, including oil palm fruits. Anomalurids have relatively long digestive tracts, which allows for the maximum absorption of nutrients.

Plant Foods: wood, bark, or stems; seeds, grains, and nuts; fruit; sap or other plant fluids

Primary Diet: herbivore (Frugivore , Granivore )

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Cyr, M. 2007. "Idiurus zenkeri" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Idiurus_zenkeri.html
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Distribution ( İngilizce )

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Idiurus zenkeri is found throughout Upper Cameroon to Rio Muni and Northwest Gabon. The range extends from the northeast and east portion of Zaire, east of the Lualaga to Lake Kivu, eastern Nigeria, the Gold Coast, Gabon, Liberia, and west Uganda.

Pygmy scaly-tailed flying squirrels are found in the following countries: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Equatorial Guinea, and Uganda.

Biogeographic Regions: ethiopian (Native )

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Cyr, M. 2007. "Idiurus zenkeri" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Idiurus_zenkeri.html
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Reproduction ( İngilizce )

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The mating system of Idiurus zenkeri is not reported.

There is little information on reproduction in Idiurus zenkeri. It is believed to be similar to Idiurus macrotis and other anomalurids. Young are precocial and born in litters of up to three young. Parents will finely chew food in their cheeks and then pass it on to their young during the weaning process. No pregnant females have been observed. It is thought that females may give birth to their young away from the colony.

Breeding interval: Breeding intervals are not known.

Breeding season: The breeding season of I. zenkeri is not reported.

Range number of offspring: 3 (high) .

Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization ; viviparous

Like all mammals, females I. zenkeri nurse and care for their young until they are weaned. Otherwise, little is known about the investment of male and female parents and length of dependence.

Parental Investment: pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female)

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Cyr, M. 2007. "Idiurus zenkeri" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Idiurus_zenkeri.html
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Mandie Cyr, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Biology ( İngilizce )

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As an inhabitant of a remote and poorly studied region of the world, very little is known about the ecology of the pygmy scaly-tailed flying squirrel, other than largely anecdotal accounts from chance encounters (3). It is certainly inactive during the day, passing the sunlit hours sheltering in hollow trunks and branches as much as 40 metres above the ground and in colonies of up to 100 individuals (3) (6). In contrast, during the night it is extremely energetic and may travel several kilometres to feed, climbing to the tops of trees, leaping off and gliding down to the trunk of another tree which in turn is ascended. With an impressively slow-rate of descent it is reportedly able to travel more than a 100 metres in a single glide (3) (5) (6) (7). Considered to be primarily herbivorous, the pulp of oil palm fruits is thought to be its main food source but it may also occasionally consume insects and possibly nectar (5) (6). Other than reports of female pygmy scaly-tailed flying squirrels leaving the colony to bear a single young, nothing is known about its reproductive biology (7). In other Anomalures, the female has two litters of one to three young per year, which at birth are active, have a full body of fur and open eyes (6) (7).
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Conservation ( İngilizce )

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There are currently no strategies in place for the conservation of the pygmy scaly-tailed flying squirrel, or indeed for any Anomalure. However, despite commercial conflicts of interest, positive efforts are being made to protect central African forests from further degradation and loss of biodiversity. This includes the signing in 2005 by ten central African nations of the first region wide conservation treaty to protect seven percent of Congo Basin forests (10).
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Description ( İngilizce )

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The pygmy scaly-tailed flying squirrel is the smallest of seven species of mainly gliding rodents belonging to the family Anomaluridae (4) (5). In common with all but one member of the family, the pygmy scaly-tailed flying squirrel has a membrane that extends along the sides of its body from limb to limb (3) (6) (7). Stretched out in flight, the membrane forms a square parachute, enabling these arboreal rodents to glide incredible distances from one tree to another (5) (7). This adaptation to life in the trees is akin to the flying membranes displayed by Australian flying possums and true flying squirrels but is actually the product of convergent evolution rather than close ancestry (3) (7). It has a fine silky coat, predominately tawny coloured but slightly paler along the neck and belly (3) (6). A small portion of the underside of its long, thin tail is covered with a roughened file-like surface that possibly aids in climbing the rough bark of trees (3) (6) (7). The upperpart of the tail is sparsely covered with long hairs (3) (6).
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Habitat ( İngilizce )

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Dependant on mature trees for food and shelter, this rodent only occurs in dense tropical forests (3) (6).
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Range ( İngilizce )

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The distribution of the pygmy scaly-tailed flying squirrel extends from southern Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea in the west, to the Democratic Republic of Congo and western Uganda in the east (3) (4) (8).
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Status ( İngilizce )

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Classified as Data Deficient (DD) on the IUCN Red List (1).
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Threats ( İngilizce )

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In the absence of a significant ecological study of the pygmy scaly-tailed flying squirrel, it is difficult for conservationists to properly assess how threatened it is. Nonetheless, of most concern at this stage, particularly given the dependence of these rodents on mature forests, is the effect of logging activities within its range (3) (6). Between 1990 and 2000, commercial harvesting of timber, together with land clearance for agriculture, accounted for a loss of 9.1 million hectares of land in central Africa (9). Fortunately, it is thought that the distribution of the pygmy scaly-tailed flying squirrel is probably more continuous than current data suggests and, therefore, its status may be Least Concern for the imminent future (1).
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Idiurus zenkeri ( Asturyasça )

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La esguil de Zenker (Idiurus zenkeri) ye una especie de royedor de la familia Anomaluridae. Caracterizase por ser una "esguil volador" y alcuéntrase n'Uganda, República Centroafricana, El Congu, República Democrática d'El Congu, Guinea Ecuatorial continental y Camerún. El so hábitat natural son los montes de tierres baxes húmedes subtropicales o tropicales. Ta amenazada pola perda del so hábitat.

Referencies

  1. Hutterer, R. & Decher, J. (2008). Idiurus zenkeri. In: IUCN 2008. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 6 January 2009.
  • Dieterlen, F. 2005. Family Anomaluridae. Pp. 1532-1534 in Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. D. Y. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.

Enllaces esternos

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Idiurus zenkeri: Brief Summary ( Asturyasça )

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La esguil de Zenker (Idiurus zenkeri) ye una especie de royedor de la familia Anomaluridae. Caracterizase por ser una "esguil volador" y alcuéntrase n'Uganda, República Centroafricana, El Congu, República Democrática d'El Congu, Guinea Ecuatorial continental y Camerún. El so hábitat natural son los montes de tierres baxes húmedes subtropicales o tropicales. Ta amenazada pola perda del so hábitat.

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Idiurus zenkeri ( Katalanca; Valensiyaca )

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Idiurus zenkeri és una espècie de rosegador de la família dels anomalúrids.[1] Viu al Camerun, la República Centreafricana, el Congo, la República Democràtica del Congo, Guinea Equatorial i, possiblement, Uganda. Es tracta d'un animal nocturn. El seu hàbitat natural són els boscos humits tropicals de plana i montà. Es creu que no hi ha cap amenaça significativa per a la supervivència d'aquesta espècie.[2]

Aquest tàxon fou anomenat en honor del jardiner, botànic i zoòleg alemany Georg August Zenker.[3]

Descripció

Es tracta de l'espècie més petita entre els anomalúrids, amb una llargada de cap a gropa d'entre 6,3 i 7,5 centímetres. La cua és molt llarga, arribant a longituds entre 8,3 i 10,4 centímetres, el que representa aproximadament el 130% de la llargada de cap a gropa. El seu pes és d'uns 18 grams. Les potes posteriors fan entre 14 i 17 mm.[4] El seu pelatge és suau i dens. Els pèls dorsals tenen una longitud d'aproximadament 8 mil·límetres. La coloració a l'esquena i al ventre és de color marró mig. Els pèls són de color gris fosc al naixement i la part central, mentre que a l'extrem són de color marró mig. El cap té els pèls de color similars als de l'esquena, i no presenta dibuixos especials. Les vibrisses són llargues i arriben a mesurar fins a 35 mil·límetres. Les orelles arrodonides són de mitjana, mesurant entre 11 i 15 mm, i a la part superior són gairebé completament glabres.[4]

Les potes davanteres són curtes. Les mans tenen un pèl primaveral als costats exteriors i quatre dits aproximadament igual de llargs amb urpes negres. Les potes posteriors són lleugerament corbades i tenen cinc dits als peus, que també són aproximadament de la mateixa longitud.

El crani té una longitud total d'una mitjana de 20,9 mil·límetres i una amplada mitjana de 12 mil·límetres.[4]

Distribució

Viuen al Camerun i a la part continental de Guinea Equatorial, i també tenen presència a la regió fronterera entre la República Democràtica del Congo i la República Centreafricana, així com al nord-est de la República Democràtica del Congo. És possible que també visquin a l'extrem occidental d'Uganda, encara que no hi ha prou evidències.[2]

Ecologia

És nocturn i gairebé exclusivament arborícola. Passa el dia en forats als arbres, on s'acumulen nombrosos animals, incloent d'altres tipus com l'esquirol volador de Lord Derby.

Referències

  1. Wilson, Don E. (ed.); Reeder, DeeAnn M. (ed). Mammal Species of the World (en anglès). 3a edició. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  2. 2,0 2,1 Hutterer, R.; Decher, J. Idiurus zenkeri. UICN 2008. Llista Vermella d'espècies amenaçades de la UICN, edició 2008, consultada el .
  3. Beolens, B.; Watkins, M.; Grayson, M. The Eponym Dictionary of Mammals (en anglès). The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009, p. 459. ISBN 978-0801893049.
  4. 4,0 4,1 4,2 Stafford, Brian J.; Thorington, Richard W. «Idiurus zenkeri, Zenker's Pygmy Anomalure (Pygnmy Scaly-Tailed Flying Squirrel).». A: Mammals of Africa Volume III. Rodents, Hares and Rabbits. (en anglès). Londres: Bloomsbury, 2013, p. 614–615. ISBN 978-1-4081-2253-2.
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Idiurus zenkeri: Brief Summary ( Katalanca; Valensiyaca )

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Idiurus zenkeri és una espècie de rosegador de la família dels anomalúrids. Viu al Camerun, la República Centreafricana, el Congo, la República Democràtica del Congo, Guinea Equatorial i, possiblement, Uganda. Es tracta d'un animal nocturn. El seu hàbitat natural són els boscos humits tropicals de plana i montà. Es creu que no hi ha cap amenaça significativa per a la supervivència d'aquesta espècie.

Aquest tàxon fou anomenat en honor del jardiner, botànic i zoòleg alemany Georg August Zenker.

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Zenkers Gleitbilch ( Almanca )

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Zenkers Gleitbilch (Idiurus zenkeri) ist eine der zwei Arten der Gleitbilche. Er kommt in zwei größeren und mehreren kleineren voneinander getrennten Gebieten Afrikas südlich der Sahara im äquatorialen Regenwald vor. Der Erstbeschreiber, der deutsche Zoologe Paul Matschie, benannte die Art nach dem Botaniker und Zoologen Georg August Zenker.

Merkmale

Zenkers Gleitbilch ist der kleinste Vertreter der Dornschwanzhörnchen und erreicht eine Kopf-Rumpf-Länge von etwa 6,3 bis 7,5 Zentimetern, hinzu kommt ein etwa 8,3 bis 10,4 Zentimeter langer Schwanz. Das Gewicht beträgt etwa 18 Gramm. Die Hinterfußlänge beträgt 14 bis 17 Millimeter, die Ohrlänge 11 bis 15 Millimeter.[1] Das Fell ist weich und dicht, die Rückenhaare haben eine Länge von etwa 8 Millimetern. Die Rücken- und Bauchfärbung ist mittelbraun, die Haare sind an der Basis dunkelgrau und im Mittelteil und an der Spitze hell- bis mittelbraun. Auch der Kopf entspricht in seiner Färbung dem Rückenfell und er weist keine speziellen Zeichnungen auf. Die Vibrissen sind lang und erreichen eine Länge von bis zu 35 Millimetern. Die Ohren sind von moderater Größe und an der Spitze gerundet, sie sind zum größten Teil unbehaart.[1]

Die Vorderbeine sind kurz und die Füße besitzen an den Außenseiten federartige Haare. Sie haben vier etwa gleich lange Zehen mit schwarzen Krallen. Die Hinterfüße sind leicht gebogen und besitzen fünf Zehen, die ebenfalls etwa gleich lang sind. Die Gleithaut zwischen den Vorder- und Hinterbeinen ist gut ausgebildet, am Unterarm wird sie durch eine Knorpelspange, den Calcar, gestützt. Das Rückenfell zieht sich bis auf den inneren Bereich der Gleithaut und der größte Teil der Gleithaut ist dünn mit kurzen schwarzen Haaren bedeckt. Auf der Unterseite reicht das Bauchfell nicht auf die Gleithaut, jedoch ist auch die Unterseite spärlich schwarz behaart.[1] Der Schwanz ist sehr lang und erreicht eine Länge, die etwa 130 % der Kopf-Rumpf-Länge entspricht. Er besitzt zwei Reihen kurzer Haare von etwa 3 Millimetern Länge an den Außenseiten, die federartig ausgebildet sind. Dazwischen liegen einzelne 20 bis 25 Millimeter lange braune oder schwarze Haare, die in einem Winkel von etwa 45 Grad nach hinten weisen.[1]

Der Schädel hat eine Gesamtlänge von durchschnittlich 20,9 Millimetern (20,4 bis 22 Millimeter) und eine durchschnittliche Breite von 12 Millimetern (11,6 bis 12,4 Millimeter).[1]

Verbreitung und Lebensräume

 src=
Verbreitungsgebiete von Zenkers Gleitbilch

Zenkers Gleitbilch kommt in zwei größeren und mehreren kleineren voneinander getrennten Gebieten Afrikas südlich der Sahara im äquatorialen Regenwald vor.[1] Die westlichsten Vorkommen liegen in Kamerun und dem kontinentalen Teil von Äquatorial-Guinea (Mbini), zudem ist er im Grenzbereich der Demokratischen Republik Kongo und der Zentralafrikanischen Republik sowie im Nordosten der Demokratischen Republik Kongo nachgewiesen. Ein Vorkommen im äußersten Westen von Uganda ist möglich, jedoch nicht hinreichend belegt.[2]

Lebensweise

Im Vergleich zum verwandten Großohr-Gleitbilch (Idiurus macrotis) ist Zenkers Gleitbilch weniger bekannt und auch weniger gut erforscht. Er ist nachtaktiv und fast ausschließlich baumlebend (arboricol). Zenkers Gleitbilche verbringen den Tag in Baumhöhlen und sind gregär, sammeln sich also zu zahlreichen Tieren – auch anderen Arten – in einer einzelnen Baumhöhle. In Kamerun wurden 1940 bis zu 100 Gleitbilche (beide Arten) in einzelnen Bäumen beschrieben, in Äquatorial-Guinea wurden 1974 vier Zenkers Gleitbilche gemeinsam mit zwei Lord-Derby-Dornschwanzhörnchen (Anomalurus derbianus) in einer Baumhöhle angetroffen. Über die Fortpflanzung liegen kaum Angaben vor, im Kongo wurden zwischen Mai und September keine trächtigen Weibchen gefangen.[1]

Systematik

 src=
Zenkers Gleitbilch (Idiurus zenkeri), Zeichnung aus der Encyclopædia Britannica, 10. Auflage 1911

Zenkers Gleitbilch wird als eigenständige Art innerhalb der Gattung der Gleitbilche (Idiurus) eingeordnet, die aus zwei Arten besteht und neben ihm noch den Großohr-Gleitbilch (Idiurus macrotis) beinhaltet.[3] Die wissenschaftliche Erstbeschreibung stammt von dem deutschen Zoologen Paul Matschie aus dem Jahr 1894, der die Art anhand von Individuen aus Yaoundé in Kamerun beschrieb.[3] Er benannte die Art nach dem Botaniker und Zoologen Georg August Zenker,[4] dem Leiter der wissenschaftlichen Jaunde-Station in Kamerun.

Innerhalb der Art werden neben der Nominatform keine Unterarten unterschieden.[3] Als Synonyme werden Idiurus haymani und Idiurus kivuensis betrachtet.[1]

Status, Bedrohung und Schutz

Zenkers Gleitbilch wird von der International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) als nicht gefährdet („Least Concern“) gelistet. Begründet wird dies mit dem vergleichsweise großen Verbreitungsgebiet, den angenommen großen Bestandszahlen und den moderaten Bestandsrückgängen.[2] Die Populationen und Bestandszahlen sind nicht bekannt, man nimmt jedoch keine bestandsgefährdenden Faktoren für diese Art an. Teilweise könnte die Entwaldung regional zu einer Bedrohung für die Art werden.[2]

Belege

  1. a b c d e f g h Brian J. Stafford, Richard W. Thorington, Jr.: Idiurus zenkeri, Zenker's Pygmy Anomalure (Pygnmy Scaly-Tailed Flying Squirrel). In: Jonathan Kingdon, David Happold, Michael Hoffmann, Thomas Butynski, Meredith Happold und Jan Kalina (Hrsg.): Mammals of Africa Volume III. Rodents, Hares and Rabbits. Bloomsbury, London 2013, S. 614–615; ISBN 978-1-4081-2253-2.
  2. a b c Idiurus zenkeri in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN 2015.3. Eingestellt von: R. Hutterer, J. Decher, 2008. Abgerufen am 4. Dezember 2015.
  3. a b c Idiurus zenkeri (Memento vom 20. Dezember 2015 im Internet Archive). In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Hrsg.): Mammal Species of the World. A taxonomic and geographic Reference. 2 Bände. 3. Auflage. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
  4. Bo Beolens, Michael Watkins, Michael Grayson: The Eponym Dictionary of Mammals. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD 2009, ISBN 978-0-8018-9304-9, S. 459.

Literatur

  • Brian J. Stafford, Richard W. Thorington, Jr.: Idiurus zenkeri, Zenker's Pygmy Anomalure (Pygnmy Scaly-Tailed Flying Squirrel). In: Jonathan Kingdon, David Happold, Michael Hoffmann, Thomas Butynski, Meredith Happold und Jan Kalina (Hrsg.): Mammals of Africa Volume III. Rodents, Hares and Rabbits. Bloomsbury, London 2013, S. 614–615; ISBN 978-1-4081-2253-2.

Weblinks

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Zenkers Gleitbilch: Brief Summary ( Almanca )

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Zenkers Gleitbilch (Idiurus zenkeri) ist eine der zwei Arten der Gleitbilche. Er kommt in zwei größeren und mehreren kleineren voneinander getrennten Gebieten Afrikas südlich der Sahara im äquatorialen Regenwald vor. Der Erstbeschreiber, der deutsche Zoologe Paul Matschie, benannte die Art nach dem Botaniker und Zoologen Georg August Zenker.

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Pygmy scaly-tailed flying squirrel ( İngilizce )

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The pygmy scaly-tailed flying squirrel (Idiurus zenkeri) is a species of rodent in the family Anomaluridae. It is found in Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, and Uganda. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

References

  1. ^ Hutterer, R. (2016). "Idiurus zenkeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T10796A22183649. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T10796A22183649.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  • Dieterlen, F. 2005. Family Anomaluridae. Pp. 1532-1534 in Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
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Pygmy scaly-tailed flying squirrel: Brief Summary ( İngilizce )

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The pygmy scaly-tailed flying squirrel (Idiurus zenkeri) is a species of rodent in the family Anomaluridae. It is found in Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, and Uganda. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

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Idiurus zenkeri ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

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La ardilla de Zenker (Idiurus zenkeri) es una especie de roedor de la familia Anomaluridae. Se caracteriza por ser una "ardilla voladora" y se encuentra en Camerún, República Centroafricana, República del Congo, República Democrática del Congo, Guinea Ecuatorial continental y Uganda. Su hábitat natural son los bosques de tierras bajas húmedas subtropicales o tropicales. Está amenazada por la pérdida de su hábitat.

Referencias

  1. Hutterer, R. & Decher, J. (2008). Idiurus zenkeri. In: IUCN 2008. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 6 January 2009.
  • Dieterlen, F. 2005. Family Anomaluridae. Pp. 1532-1534 in Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.

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Idiurus zenkeri: Brief Summary ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

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La ardilla de Zenker (Idiurus zenkeri) es una especie de roedor de la familia Anomaluridae. Se caracteriza por ser una "ardilla voladora" y se encuentra en Camerún, República Centroafricana, República del Congo, República Democrática del Congo, Guinea Ecuatorial continental y Uganda. Su hábitat natural son los bosques de tierras bajas húmedas subtropicales o tropicales. Está amenazada por la pérdida de su hábitat.

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Idiurus zenkeri ( Baskça )

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Idiurus zenkeri Idiurus generoko animalia da. Karraskarien barruko Zenkerellinae azpifamilia eta Anomaluridae familian sailkatuta dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. (Ingelesez)Mammals - full taxonomy and Red List status Ugaztun guztien egoera 2008an
  2. Matschie (1894) Anomaluridae Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 197. or..

Kanpo estekak

Ikus, gainera

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Idiurus zenkeri: Brief Summary ( Baskça )

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Idiurus zenkeri Idiurus generoko animalia da. Karraskarien barruko Zenkerellinae azpifamilia eta Anomaluridae familian sailkatuta dago.

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Idiurus zenkeri ( Fransızca )

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Anomalure nain de Zenker, Écureuil volant de Zenker

Idiurus zenkeri est une espèce d'Anomalures nains, des mammifères rongeurs de la famille des Anomalurinae. C'est le zoologiste allemand Paul Matschie (1861-1926) qui a créé l'espèce en 1894. C'est une espèce arboricole qui fait partie des écureuils volants d'Afrique centrale.

En français, l'espèce est appelée Anomalure nain de Zenker[1],[2] ou Écureuil volant de Zenker[1],[2].

 src=
Idiurus zenkeri, spécimen naturalisé. Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Genève, collection de mammalogie

Notes et références

  1. a et b Meyer C., ed. sc., 2009, Dictionnaire des Sciences Animales. consulter en ligne. Montpellier, France, Cirad.
  2. a et b (en) Murray Wrobel, 2007. Elsevier's dictionary of mammals: in Latin, English, German, French and Italian. Elsevier, 2007. (ISBN 0444518770), 9780444518774. 857 pages. Rechercher dans le document numérisé

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Idiurus zenkeri: Brief Summary ( Fransızca )

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Anomalure nain de Zenker, Écureuil volant de Zenker

Idiurus zenkeri est une espèce d'Anomalures nains, des mammifères rongeurs de la famille des Anomalurinae. C'est le zoologiste allemand Paul Matschie (1861-1926) qui a créé l'espèce en 1894. C'est une espèce arboricole qui fait partie des écureuils volants d'Afrique centrale.

En français, l'espèce est appelée Anomalure nain de Zenker, ou Écureuil volant de Zenker,.

 src= Idiurus zenkeri, spécimen naturalisé. Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Genève, collection de mammalogie
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Idiurus zenkeri ( İtalyanca )

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L'idiuro di Zenker (Idiurus zenkeri Matschie, 1894) è un mammifero roditore della famiglia degli Anomaluridi.

Distribuzione

La specie è diffusa dalla Nigeria orientale all'Uganda.

Il suo habitat è costituito dalle foreste pluviali primarie.

Descrizione

Dimensioni

Misura una quindicina di centimetri di lunghezza, dei quali la metà spetta alla lunga coda, per un peso che non supera mai i 20 g: queste misure ne fanno la specie più piccola della famiglia Anomaluridae.

Aspetto

Il pelo è di colore giallastro sul dorso e grigio-biancastro sul ventre.

Il corpo è corto e tozzo, con testa massiccia dotata di grandi occhi bruni e piccole orecchie glabre: il muso è rivolto verso il basso e dalla bocca protrudono i due incisivi superiori, che in questa specie sono molto lunghi. La coda, più lunga del corpo, è anch'essa quasi del tutto glabra, coperta com'è da una rada peluria e da ancor più rade setole allungate che spuntano solo sulla sua parte superiore. Il patagio è piccolo e concavo: anche in questa specie sono presenti le scaglie cornee sul sottocoda, tipiche della famiglia cui essa appartiene.

Biologia

Si tratta di animali principalmente notturni che passano il giorno rannicchiati in cavità dei tronchi d'albero od al di sotto della corteccia, spesso in gruppi che contano fino a cento individui di varie età e di ambo i sessi.
Durante la notte percorre anche vari chilometri alla ricerca di cibo, spiccando salti lunghi fino a tre metri[3] e mostrando un'eccezionale padronanza della capacità di planare, muovendosi fra i rami ed i tronchi con traiettorie di volo a "S" oppure a spirale, planando per distanze anche superiori ai 50 metri[4].

Alimentazione

Si tratta di animali dalla dieta principalmente erbivora, che si nutrono di frutta, corteccia, resina e semi: probabilmente di tanto in tanto mangiano anche insetti od altri piccoli invertebrati.

Riproduzione

Nulla si conosce circa le modalità riproduttive di questa specie, che tuttavia si pensa non differiscano di molto (se non nei tempi) da quelle delle altre specie nell'ambito della famiglia Anomaluridae.

Note

  1. ^ (EN) D.E. Wilson e D.M. Reeder, Idiurus zenkeri, in Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3ª ed., Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
  2. ^ (EN) Hutterer & Decher, Idiurus zenkeri, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
  3. ^ Cyr, M. and C. Yahnke. 2007. "Idiurus zenkeri" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed June 03, 2009 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Idiurus_zenkeri.html.
  4. ^ Grzimek, Animal Life Encyclopedia

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Idiurus zenkeri: Brief Summary ( İtalyanca )

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L'idiuro di Zenker (Idiurus zenkeri Matschie, 1894) è un mammifero roditore della famiglia degli Anomaluridi.

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Zenkers vliegende slaapmuis ( Felemenkçe; Flemish )

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De Zenkers vliegende slaapmuis (Idiurus zenkeri) is een knaagdier uit de familie stekelstaarteekhoorns (Anomaluridae) dat voorkomt in zeer natte regenwouden in Centraal-Afrika, ten noorden van de Kongo van Kameroen tot Kivu en Ruwenzori.

Met een kop-romplengte van 6.5 tot 9 cm, een staartlengte van 7 tot 13 cm en een gewicht van 14 tot 17.5 gram is het de kleinste stekelstaarteekhoorn. Hij heeft lange haren op de bovenkant van de staart, maakt een schril muisachtig geluid en is een efficiënte, snelle en beweeglijke glijvlieger.

Hij leeft van pulp van oliepalmen, insecten en mogelijk nectar. De dieren slapen in holle bomen, meestal in groepen van tot 100 dieren.

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Karłolotka łuskoogonowa ( Lehçe )

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Commons Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons

Karłolotka łuskoogonowa[3] (Idiurus zenkeri) – gatunek gryzonia z rodziny wiewiórolotkowatych[4].

Średnie wymiary

  • Długość ciała: 6-10 cm
  • Długość ogona: 7,5-13 cm

Występowanie

Występuje w wilgotnych lasach równikowych Kamerunu i Demokratycznej Republiki Konga.

Tryb życia

Tę małą przedstawicielkę rodziny wiewiórolotkowatych można natychmiast rozpoznać po niezmiernie charakterystycznym ogonie, po którego obu bokach sterczą długie, dość sztywne włosy, dzięki czemu wygląda jak dziwaczne pióro. Podobnie jak pozostałe jej krewniaczki szybowniczka malutka jest aktywna głównie w nocy. Żywi się nasionami i owocami. Tworzy grupy liczące do 12 zwierząt, wspólnie zajmując dziuplę.

Rozmnażanie

O rozrodzie tego gatunku nic nie wiadomo.

Przypisy

  1. Idiurus zenkeri, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. Idiurus zenkeri. Czerwona księga gatunków zagrożonych (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) (ang.).
  3. Włodzimierz Cichocki, Agnieszka Ważna, Jan Cichocki, Ewa Rajska, Artur Jasiński, Wiesław Bogdanowicz: Polskie nazewnictwo ssaków świata. Warszawa: Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk, 2015, s. 297. ISBN 978-83-88147-15-9.
  4. Wilson Don E. & Reeder DeeAnn M. (red.) Idiurus zenkeri. w: Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (Wyd. 3.) [on-line]. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. (ang.) [dostęp 2013-07-09]
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Karłolotka łuskoogonowa: Brief Summary ( Lehçe )

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Karłolotka łuskoogonowa (Idiurus zenkeri) – gatunek gryzonia z rodziny wiewiórolotkowatych.

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Zenkers dvärgtaggsvansekorre ( İsveççe )

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Zenkers dvärgtaggsvansekorre (Idiurus zenkeri[3][4]) är en däggdjursart som beskrevs av Paul Matschie 1894. Idiurus zenkeri ingår i släktet dvärgtaggsvansekorrar och familjen taggsvansekorrar.[5][6] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.[1]

Underarter

Catalogue of Life listar två underarter:[5]

  • Idiurus zenkeri zenkeri Matschie, 1894
  • Idiurus zenkeri haymani Verheyen, 1963

Beskrivning

En mycket liten, musliknande, trubbnosad flygekorre med brungul, silkig päls och ett flygmembran med vars hjälp den kan glidflyga. Svansen är mycket lång med två rader av styva hår på undersidan. Individerna når en kroppslängd (huvud och bål) av 63 till 75 mm, en svanslängd av 83 till 104 mm och en vikt av 14 till 17,5 g. Den silkesmjuka pälsen är . Vikten är 14 till 18 g. På svansens undersida finns två rader med styva hår. Annars är svansen glest täckt av långa hår.[7]

Utbredning

Denna gnagare förekommer med flera från varandra skilda populationer i centrala Afrika. Arten hittas bland annat i Kamerun, Ekvatorialguinea, Centralafrikanska republiken och i östra Kongo-Kinshasa.

Ekologi

Habitaten utgörs av låglänta områden och tropiska regnskogar i bergen. Arten undviker nyplanteringar.[1]

En eller två, men vanligare grupper på upp till 100 individer vilar i trädens håligheter, mera sällan under barkstycken. De är aktiva på natten. Litet är känt om deras vanor, men man tror att de kan vandra flera kilometer per natt när de letar efter föda. Födan utgörs av oljepalmens märg, enstaka insekter och troligen framsipprande sav eller nektar. De övre framtänderna är riktade utåt och därför antas att djuret dessutom levar av mat som behöver skrapas fram. Arten är en snabb och skicklig glidflygare.[7]

Källor

  1. ^ [a b c] Hutterer, R. & Decher, J. 2008 Idiurus zenkeri Från: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 <www.iucnredlist.org>. Läst 2 april 2016.
  2. ^ Kai Curry-Lindahl, Afrikas Däggdjur, P. A. Norstedt & Söner Förlag, 1984, Stockholm, ISBN 91-1-834122-5, sid. 176
  3. ^ Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (1992) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing
  4. ^ (2005) , website Idiurus zenkeri, Mammal Species of the World
  5. ^ [a b] Roskov Y., Abucay L., Orrell T., Nicolson D., Kunze T., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., DeWalt R.E., Decock W., De Wever A. (red.) (2015). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2015 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Naturalis, Leiden, Nederländerna. http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2015/search/all/key/idiurus+zenkeri/match/1. Läst 2 april 2016.
  6. ^ ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Orrell T. (custodian), 2011-04-26
  7. ^ [a b] Jonathan Kingdon, red (2015). Idiurus zenkeri (på engelska). Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals. Bloomsbury Publishing. sid. 254. ISBN 978-1-4729-1236-7

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Zenkers dvärgtaggsvansekorre: Brief Summary ( İsveççe )

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Zenkers dvärgtaggsvansekorre (Idiurus zenkeri) är en däggdjursart som beskrevs av Paul Matschie 1894. Idiurus zenkeri ingår i släktet dvärgtaggsvansekorrar och familjen taggsvansekorrar. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.

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Idiurus zenkeri ( Vietnamca )

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Idiurus zenkeri là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Anomaluridae, bộ Gặm nhấm. Loài này được Matschie mô tả năm 1894.[2]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ Hutterer, R. & Decher, J. (2008). Idiurus zenkeri. 2008 Sách đỏ IUCN. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế 2008. Truy cập ngày 6 tháng 1 năm 2009.
  2. ^ a ă Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. biên tập (2005). “Idiurus zenkeri”. Mammal Species of the World . Baltimore: Nhà in Đại học Johns Hopkins, 2 tập (2.142 trang). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

Tham khảo


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết về một loài thuộc bộ Gặm nhấm này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Idiurus zenkeri: Brief Summary ( Vietnamca )

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Idiurus zenkeri là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Anomaluridae, bộ Gặm nhấm. Loài này được Matschie mô tả năm 1894.

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난쟁이비늘꼬리청서 ( Korece )

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난쟁이비늘꼬리청서 또는 난쟁이비늘꼬리날다람쥐(Idiurus zenkeri)는 비늘꼬리청서과에 속하는 설치류의 일종이다.[2] 카메룬중앙아프리카공화국, 콩고공화국, 콩고민주공화국, 적도기니 그리고 우간다에서 발견된다. 자연 서식지는 아열대 또는 열대 기후 지역의 습윤 저지대 숲이다. 서식지 감소로 멸종 위협을 받고 있다.

각주

  1. “Idiurus zenkeri”. 《멸종 위기 종의 IUCN 적색 목록. 2008판》 (영어). 국제 자연 보전 연맹. 2008. 2009년 1월 6일에 확인함.
  2. Dieterlen, F. 2005. Family Anomaluridae. Pp. 1532-1534 in Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
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