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Antillen-Kinnblattfledermaus ( Almanca )

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Die Antillen-Kinnblattfledermaus (Mormoops blainvillei) ist eine Fledermausart aus der Familie der Kinnblattfledermäuse (Mormoops), welche auf den Großen Antillen beheimatet ist. Mormoops blainvillii ist eine falsche, jedoch oft verwendete alternative Schreibweise.

Beschreibung

Die Antillen-Kinnblattfledermaus ist mit einer Unterarmlänge von 44 bis 49 mm und einem durchschnittlichen Gewicht von 8,6 g die kleinere der beiden Arten der Gattung Mormoops. Bei Mormoops blainvillei ist die Verbindung zwischen den Ohren weniger auffällig als bei ihrer Schwesterart Mormoops megalophylla. Auffallend sind bei beiden Arten die lappenförmigen Auswüchse im Gesicht. Sowohl Mormoops blainvillei als auch M. megalophylla haben eine ungewöhnliche Schädelform, bei der die Schnauze nach oben gebogen ist. Stirn und Schnauze bilden dabei einen Winkel von beinahe 90°. Das Fell ist rötlich bis zimtfarben, mit einer Haarlänge von 6 bis 11 mm.

Lebensweise

Die Antillen-Kinnblattfledermaus ist wie die meisten Fledermäuse nachtaktiv und ernährt sich von Insekten, wobei Falter bevorzugt erbeutet werden. Tagsüber hängen die Tiere in Kolonien von bis zum 15.000 Individuen in Höhlen. Nach Einbruch der Dunkelheit fliegt die Art erst relativ spät aus, wahrscheinlich überlappend mit der Hauptaktivitätszeit ihrer bevorzugten Beute, den Nachtfaltern. Bei der Jagd formen die Tiere mit ihrer Schwanzflughaut eine Tasche, mit der sie die Insekten im Flug in ihr Maul schaufeln. Im Verlauf der Nacht kehren die Tiere zwischen den Futtersuchflügen immer wieder in ihre Höhle zurück. Die Antillen-Kinnblattfledermaus ist monoöstrisch und bringt pro Jahr jeweils nur ein einziges Jungtier zur Welt. Die Paarungszeit findet im Januar und Februar statt, die Geburt im Juni. Im August und September werden die Jungtiere von der Mutter entwöhnt.

Verbreitung und Lebensraum

Die Antillen-Kinnblattfledermaus kommt auf den Großen Antillen vor. Die IUCN schätzt die Art dank ihrer weiten Verbreitung und der vermutlich großen Populationen als ungefährdet ein.[1]

Literatur

  • W.C. Lancaster, E.K.V. Kalko (1996): Mormoops blainvillii. In: Mammalian Species. No. 544, S. 1–5.

Quellen

  1. Mormoops blainvillei in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN.

Weblinks

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Antillen-Kinnblattfledermaus: Brief Summary ( Almanca )

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Die Antillen-Kinnblattfledermaus (Mormoops blainvillei) ist eine Fledermausart aus der Familie der Kinnblattfledermäuse (Mormoops), welche auf den Großen Antillen beheimatet ist. Mormoops blainvillii ist eine falsche, jedoch oft verwendete alternative Schreibweise.

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Antillean ghost-faced bat ( İngilizce )

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The Antillean ghost-faced bat (Mormoops blainvillei) is a species of bat in the family Mormoopidae. It is found in the Greater Antilles: Cuba, Hispaniola (the Dominican Republic and Haiti) Jamaica, and Puerto Rico.

Description

Mormoops blainvillei in Ciales, Puerto Rico

These bats range in color from a pale cinnamon to a more reddish color, showing darker pigmentation on the dorsal side as opposed to the ventral. No molting specimens have been observed[2] and no geographic variation in color has been studied, observed or documented.

Like other species in the Mormoops genus, the Antillean ghost-faced bat shows elaborate, intricate facial outgrowths and leaflike appendages. The face features nostrils located on a fleshy pad, and coarse bristles protruding from both lips. These features aid in echolocation.[3][4]

Fossil record

The fossil record for this species is limited and sparse, but the evidence found indicates a wider range which previously extended to all of the Caribbean islands as well as the Bahamas.[5]

Ecology

The Antillean ghost-faced bat has been predominantly observed roosting in deeper, more sheltered caves or abandoned mine shafts, as opposed to caves with multiple entrances.[2] Here, it coexists with other bat species.

Analysis of stomach contents has shown that these bats feed exclusively on insects, which they catch utilizing a pouch formed by the large leaflike tail membrane. Target prey, mostly moths, are caught in midair.[2]

Behavior

M. blainvilli is a strictly nocturnal species. The onset of activity varies from 22 to 55 minutes after sunset. This late onset has been associated with the peak activity of lepidopterans, which are their preferred prey.[2]

The flight of this bat is faster and higher than that of other bats in its genus, and a distinct humming sound has been correlated with its flight.[6] They are known to use the same biosonar vocalizations as in other echolocating bats. As the bat searches for a target (typically moths), it produces search signals with an average duration of 1.8 ms, which change from a shallow FM-sweep to a steep one. When approaching its target, M. blainvilli reduces the duration of its vocalizations. In the terminal phase, it produces a higher number of calls which are drastically shorter in duration.[7]

The morphology of M. blainvilli is similar to M. megalophylla, as the main adaptations by Mormoops bats are to reduce body weight to increase flying ability. These adaptations include decreased muscular structures, some of which are absent altogether as compared to species of Phyllostomidae. These restrictions result in a decreased range of extension.[8] The aspect ratio of the wings of one bat were calculated as 6.23, similar to M. megalophylla.[9] These characteristics are hypothesized to give the bat an advantage in terms of flight endurance, and have been adapted for its insectivorous diet.[8]

Biology

The mating season begins with copulation spanning from January to February. From March to May, pregnancies occur, and the earliest births occur in June. Weaning is completed from August to September, and in October to December, females are non-responsive to mating. Each reproductive female typically bears one child per year, with twins being reported in only two instances.[2]

The thermoneutral zone for M. blainvilli extends from 31 to 34 °C, and body temperature is maintained between these two temperatures over a wide range of ambient temperature (15–41 °C). However, as ambient temperature decreases below 28 °C, the maintenance of body temperature in individuals is less stable and has been observed in some to decrease below 25 °C. In these low temperatures, bats respond by elevating their basal metabolic rate.[10]

References

  1. ^ Miller, B.; Reid, F.; Arroyo-Cabrales, J.; Cuarón, A.D.; de Grammont, P.C. (2016). "Mormoops blainvillei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T13877A22085914. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T13877A22085914.en. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d e Silva Taboada, G. 1979. Los Murciélagos de Cuba. Editorial Academia, La Habana, 423 pp.
  3. ^ Anthony, H. E. 1918. Indigenous land mammals of Porto Rico, living and extinct. Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History, New Series, 2:394-435.
  4. ^ "El Yunque National Forest - Nature & Science". USDA.
  5. ^ Koopman, K. F., Hecht, M. K., and Ledecky-Janecek, E. 1957. Notes on the mammals of the Bahamas with special reference to bats. Journal of Mammalogy, 38:164-174.
  6. ^ Goodwin, R. E. 1970. The ecology of Jamaican bats. Journal of Mammalogy, 51:571–579.
  7. ^ Schnitzler, H. U., Kaipf, I. and Mogdans, J. 1991. Comparative studies of echolocation and hunting behavior in the four species of mormoopid bats of Jamaica. Bat research News, 32:22-23.
  8. ^ a b Vaughn, T. A., and Bateman, G. C. 1970. Functional morphology of the forelimb of mormoopid bats. Journal of Mammalogy, 51:217-235.
  9. ^ Smith, J. D., and Starrett, A. 1979. Morphometric analysis of chriopteran wings. Pp. 229-316, in Biology of bats of the New World family Phyllostomatidae. Part III (R. J. Baker, J. K. Jones, Jr., and D. C. Carter, eds.). Special Publications, The Museum, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, 441 pp.
  10. ^ Rodriguez-Duran, A. 1991. Comparative environmental physiology of bats roosting in hot caves. Ph.D. dissert., Boston University, 125 pp.
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Antillean ghost-faced bat: Brief Summary ( İngilizce )

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The Antillean ghost-faced bat (Mormoops blainvillei) is a species of bat in the family Mormoopidae. It is found in the Greater Antilles: Cuba, Hispaniola (the Dominican Republic and Haiti) Jamaica, and Puerto Rico.

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Mormoops blainvillei ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

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El murciélago verrugoso de Jamaica (Mormoops blainvillei) es una especie de murciélago de la familia Mormoopidae.

Distribución geográfica

Se encuentra en Cuba, Jamaica, La Española, Puerto Rico, y fue extinguido en las Bahamas, Anguila y Antigua y Barbuda.

Referencias

  • SIMMONS, N. B. Order Chiroptera. In: WILSON, D. E.; REEDER, D. M. (Eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. 3. ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. v. 1, p. 312-529.

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Mormoops blainvillei: Brief Summary ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

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El murciélago verrugoso de Jamaica (Mormoops blainvillei) es una especie de murciélago de la familia Mormoopidae.

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Mormoops blainvillei ( Baskça )

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Mormoops blainvillei Mormoops generoko animalia da. Chiropteraren barruko Mormoopidae familian sailkatuta dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. (Ingelesez)Mammals - full taxonomy and Red List status Ugaztun guztien egoera 2008an
  2. Leach (1821) 13 Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 77. or..

Ikus, gainera

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Mormoops blainvillei: Brief Summary ( Baskça )

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Mormoops blainvillei Mormoops generoko animalia da. Chiropteraren barruko Mormoopidae familian sailkatuta dago.

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Mormoops blainvillii ( Fransızca )

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Mormoops blainvillii ou Mormoops blainvillei est une espèce de chauve-souris de la famille des Mormoopidae. On la rencontre à Cuba, à la République dominicaine, à Haïti, à la Jamaïque et à Porto Rico.

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Mormoops blainvillei ( İtalyanca )

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Mormoops blainvillei (Leach, 1821) è un pipistrello della famiglia diffuso nei Caraibi.[1][2]

Descrizione

Dimensioni

Pipistrello di medie dimensioni, con la lunghezza totale tra 80 e 86 mm, la lunghezza dell'avambraccio tra 43 e 50 mm, la lunghezza della coda tra 28 e 30 mm, la lunghezza del piede tra 10 e 11 mm, la lunghezza delle orecchie tra 7 e 10 mm, un'apertura alare fino a 33,5 cm e un peso fino a 11 g.[3]

Aspetto

La pelliccia è lunga, densa e soffice. Le parti dorsali variano dal color cannella pallido al bruno-rossiccio con la base dei peli più chiara, mentre le parti ventrali sono come il dorso ma con i peli uniformi. La testa è grande e rotonda, il muso è molto corto, con delle escrescenze carnose sul bordo superiore delle narici, delle pieghe sul labbro inferiore e una placca centrale a forma di scudo ricoperta di minuscoli tubercoli. Gli occhi sono piccoli. Le orecchie sono corte, larghe, arrotondate ed unite alla base anteriore sulla fronte. Il trago è lungo circa la metà del padiglione auricolare, lanceolato, con una piega nella parte centrale e una piccola proiezione alla base. Le ali sono attaccate posteriormente sulle caviglie. La coda è lunga e si estende oltre l'ampio uropatagio. Il calcar è lungo e sottile. Il cariotipo è 2n=38 FNa=60.

Biologia

Comportamento

Si rifugia in colonie numerose fino a 10.000-15.000 individui all'interno di grotte e gallerie minerarie abbandonate con temperature calde e stabili. Il volo è rapido ed effettuato a quote elevate. L'attività predatoria inizia al tramonto.

Alimentazione

Si nutre di insetti, particolarmente lepidotteri, omotteri e coleotteri catturati in volo.

Riproduzione

Danno alla luce solitamente due piccoli alla volta a giugno. Femmine gravide sono state catturate nel mese di maggio. Gli accoppiamenti avvengono a gennaio e febbraio.

Distribuzione e habitat

Questa specie è diffusa sulle isole di Cuba, Hispaniola, Giamaica, Porto Rico e isola di Mona. Si è estinto in epoca recente su alcune delle isole Bahamas, sull'Isola de la Gonâve, su Anguilla e Antigua e Barbuda.

Stato di conservazione

La IUCN Red List, considerata l'abbondanza all'interno del suo areale limitato e la popolazione presumibilmente numerosa, classifica M.blainvillei come specie a rischio minimo (LC).[1]

Note

  1. ^ a b c (EN) Miller, B., Reid, F., Arroyo-Cabrales, J., Cuarón, A.D. & de Grammont, P.C. 2008, Mormoops blainvillei, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
  2. ^ (EN) D.E. Wilson e D.M. Reeder, Mormoops blainvillei, in Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3ª ed., Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
  3. ^ Lancaster & Kalko, 1996.

Bibliografia

  • Gilberto Silva Taboada, Los Murcielagos de Cuba, Academia de Ciencias de Cuba, 1979.
  • Lancastre WC & Kalko EKV, Mormoops blainvillii (PDF), in Mammalian Species, n. 544, 1996 (archiviato dall'url originale il 2 maggio 2014).

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Mormoops blainvillei: Brief Summary ( İtalyanca )

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Mormoops blainvillei (Leach, 1821) è un pipistrello della famiglia diffuso nei Caraibi.

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Mormoops blainvillei ( Portekizce )

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Mormoops blainvillei é uma espécie de morcego da família Mormoopidae.

Pode ser encontrada em Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola, Porto Rico, e foi extinta nas Bahamas, Anguilla e Antigua e Barbuda.

Referências

  • SIMMONS, N. B. Order Chiroptera. In: WILSON, D. E.; REEDER, D. M. (Eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. 3. ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. v. 1, p. 312-529.
  • MILLER, B.; REID, F.; ARROYO-CABRALES, J.; CUARÓN, A. D.; de GRAMMONT, P. C. 2008. Mormoops blainvillei. In: IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. . Acessado em 15 de dezembro de 2008.
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Mormoops blainvillei: Brief Summary ( Portekizce )

wikipedia PT tarafından sağlandı

Mormoops blainvillei é uma espécie de morcego da família Mormoopidae.

Pode ser encontrada em Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola, Porto Rico, e foi extinta nas Bahamas, Anguilla e Antigua e Barbuda.

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앤틸리스유령얼굴박쥐 ( Korece )

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앤틸리스유령얼굴박쥐(Mormoops blainvillii)는 유령얼굴박쥐과에 속하는 박쥐의 일종이다. 쿠바도미니카 공화국, 아이티, 자메이카 그리고 푸에르토리코에서 발견된다.

특징

앤틸리스유령얼굴박쥐는 연한 황갈색부터 좀더 불그스레한 색까지 띠며, 복부 반대쪽의 등쪽에 진한 색소 침착을 보인다. 털갈이하는 표본은 관찰되지 않는다.[1] 게다가 연구, 관찰되거나 기록된 바에 의하면 색깔이 지리적 변이를 보이는 않는다. 유령얼굴박쥐속의 다른 종들처럼, 앤틸리스유령얼굴박쥐는 정교하고 복잡한 얼굴 옹이와 잎을 닮은 부속 기관을 갖고 있다.

각주

  1. Silva Taboada, G. 1979. Los Murciélagos de Cuba. Editorial Academia, La Habana, 423 pp.
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