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Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

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Observations: Little is known about the longevity of these animals, though they have been estimated to live over 8 years (Philip Altman and Dorothy Dittmer 1962).
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Trophic Strategy ( İngilizce )

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Tamias quadrimaculatus is an omnivore that feeds mainly on fungi, seeds, berries and other fruits, conifer cones, and insects. Individuals feeding on fungi were shown to be fatter than those that did not have access to fungi. Long-eared chipmunks forage on the ground, in shrubs, logs, stumps, snags, and trees, and store seeds that they gather in underground caches for eating during winter hibernation.

Animal Foods: insects

Plant Foods: seeds, grains, and nuts; fruit

Other Foods: fungus

Foraging Behavior: stores or caches food

Primary Diet: omnivore

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Neligh, C. and M. Johnson 2006. "Tamias quadrimaculatus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Tamias_quadrimaculatus.html
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Crystal Neligh, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
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Associations ( İngilizce )

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Tamias quadrimaculatus plays an important role in seedling establishment. Seeds stored in caches are often forgotten and will later sprout, thus aiding reforestation. Interestingly, T. quadrimaculatus may also play a role in preventing the reseeding of forests. After fires, these chipmunks may prevent reetablishment of trees through their foraging behaviors.

Tamias quadrimaculatus plays a role in maintaining symbiotic mycorrhizal associations with trees. By consuming fungi, they help in the dispersal of spores of the subterranean sporocarps.

Ecosystem Impact: disperses seeds; creates habitat

Mutualist Species:

  • mycorrhizal fungi
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Neligh, C. and M. Johnson 2006. "Tamias quadrimaculatus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Tamias_quadrimaculatus.html
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Benefits ( İngilizce )

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These chipmunks have a very limited distribution, and are unlikely to have extensive contact with humans. However, there may be some indirect benefit from these animals through their role in helping disperse seeds and thereby reestablish forests.

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Neligh, C. and M. Johnson 2006. "Tamias quadrimaculatus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Tamias_quadrimaculatus.html
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Benefits ( İngilizce )

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There are no reported negative effects of these animals on humans.

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Neligh, C. and M. Johnson 2006. "Tamias quadrimaculatus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Tamias_quadrimaculatus.html
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Conservation Status ( İngilizce )

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These animals are not listed as endangered. However, because they have such a limited range, it is important to protect their habitat to ensure that this species continues into the future.

US Federal List: no special status

CITES: no special status

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern

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Neligh, C. and M. Johnson 2006. "Tamias quadrimaculatus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Tamias_quadrimaculatus.html
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Behavior ( İngilizce )

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Data on the communication patterns of this species were not available. However, most chipmunks use a variety of signals in their communication, and it is likely that T. quadrimaculatus is similar to other members of the genus.

Other chipmunks have vocalizations of various types. They use body postures and tail movements in their communication. Tactile communication may occur between rivals, mates, and mothers and their offspring. The role of chemicals in communication has not been described.

Communication Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic

Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical

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Neligh, C. and M. Johnson 2006. "Tamias quadrimaculatus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Tamias_quadrimaculatus.html
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Başlıksız ( İngilizce )

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Tamias quadrimaculatus existed in its current form by the early Miocene.

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Neligh, C. and M. Johnson 2006. "Tamias quadrimaculatus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Tamias_quadrimaculatus.html
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Distribution ( İngilizce )

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Long-eared chipmunks, Tamias quadrimaculatus, are abundant and widespread throughout the northern Sierra Nevada of California from Plumas County south to Madera County and in Nevada in the Lake Tahoe area.

Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native )

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Neligh, C. and M. Johnson 2006. "Tamias quadrimaculatus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Tamias_quadrimaculatus.html
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Habitat ( İngilizce )

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Tamias quadrimaculatus is typically found in mixed chaparral, ponderosa pine, mixed conifers, brush fields, and Douglas fir. Its habitat preference includes brush patches, fallen logs, stumps, rocks, and ground litter. Nests are located in trees and in underground burrows. It is often found in dense shrubs with low to moderate canopy and along forest edges at low to mid elevations of 960 to 2,250 m.

Range elevation: 960 to 2250 m.

Habitat Regions: temperate ; terrestrial

Terrestrial Biomes: chaparral ; forest ; scrub forest

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Neligh, C. and M. Johnson 2006. "Tamias quadrimaculatus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Tamias_quadrimaculatus.html
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Life Expectancy ( İngilizce )

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Longevity has not been reported for T. quadrimaculatus. However, most chipmunks do not live more than a few years, and it is likely that this holds for this species as well. Tamias ruficaudus is reported to have lived 8 years in the wild, although less than 10 percent of individuals in this species lived longer than 5 years.

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Morphology ( İngilizce )

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Long-eared chipmunks were first described by Gray (1867). Ears are long and slender. Pelage is reddish in color with a white-edged tail. The back is marked by five dark and four pale stripes, and there is a noticeable white patch behind each ear.

Males are smaller than females with a total length of 233 mm on average for males and 239 mm for females. The length of head and body for males and females is 138 mm and 141 mm, respectively. Females weigh between 81 and 105 g, whereas males weigh between 74 and 89 g.

A major distinction of this species is the increased width of the zygomatic process compared to other members of the Tamias. The baculum differs from other chipmunks in this group by having a longer shaft, a proportionally shorter tip, and a wider angle between the tip and shaft.

Like other hibernating chipmunks, T. quadrimaculatus is both homoiothermic and heterothermic. Although the body temperature is maintained at a set point, the set temperature is higher when the animal is active than when it is torpid. Chipmunks are endothermic.

Range mass: 74 to 105 g.

Range length: 230 to 245 mm.

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; heterothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry

Sexual Dimorphism: female larger

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Neligh, C. and M. Johnson 2006. "Tamias quadrimaculatus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Tamias_quadrimaculatus.html
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Associations ( İngilizce )

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Predators include weasels , raptors, coyotes, foxes, and bobcats.

Known Predators:

  • weasels
  • raptors
  • coyotes
  • foxes
  • bobcats

Anti-predator Adaptations: cryptic

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Neligh, C. and M. Johnson 2006. "Tamias quadrimaculatus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Tamias_quadrimaculatus.html
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Reproduction ( İngilizce )

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Males have cuts on their faces and bodies during breeding season. Females lack these injuries, indicating that there may be some aggression between males, possibly from competiton for mates. If they follow the pattern of other members of their genus, it is likely that mating in this species is polygynous.

Reproduction takes place from April to mid-July, with mating taking place typically in April and early May. The gestation period of 31 days ensures that the young are born by June. Lactation is thought to last about one month, and the young emerge in July and August. By September the young are almost fully-grown. They nest in trees, logs, stumps, and burrows. If like other chipmunks, these animals are capable of breeding by the mating season following their birth.

Breeding interval: Tamias quadrimaculatus breeds once per year.

Breeding season: Mating occurs in April and May.

Average number of offspring: 4.4.

Average gestation period: 31 days.

Average weaning age: 1 months.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 10 months.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 10 months.

Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization ; viviparous

Average gestation period: 31 days.

Average number of offspring: 5.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female)
Sex: female:
339 days.

Details on the parental investment of this species are scant. However, if like other chipmunks, males play no significant role in parental care. Females give birth to their young in underground burrows, but later move their family to a nest in a tree stump or in a tree (Broadbooks, 1999). The female provides her young with protection and with nourishment until the young are weaned. The age of independence is not known with certainty, but young probably leave their mother's nest before hibernation.

Parental Investment: pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-independence (Protecting: Female)

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Neligh, C. and M. Johnson 2006. "Tamias quadrimaculatus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Tamias_quadrimaculatus.html
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Neotamias quadrimaculatus ( Asturyasça )

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Neotamias quadrimaculatus ye una especie de royedor de la familia Sciuridae.

Distribución xeográfica

Ye un Endemismu de los montes de Sierra Nevada de California y Nevada nos Estaos Xuníos

Sinonimia

  • Tamias quadrimaculatus Gray, 1867

Referencies

  1. Linzey, A. V. & Hammerson, G. (2008). Tamias quadrimaculatus. En: UICN 2008. Llista Roxa d'Especies Amenazaes UICN. Consultáu'l 8 Xineru 2009.
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Neotamias quadrimaculatus: Brief Summary ( Asturyasça )

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Neotamias quadrimaculatus ye una especie de royedor de la familia Sciuridae.

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Esquirol llistat d'orelles llargues ( Katalanca; Valensiyaca )

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L'esquirol llistat d'orelles llargues (Neotamias quadrimaculatus) és una espècie de rosegador de la família Sciuridae. És una espècie endèmica de la serralada de Sierra Nevada als estats de Califòrnia i Nevada dels Estats Units.[1] Fent honor al seu nom, els esquirols llistats d'orelles llargues tenen les orelles de més longitud de totes les espècies d'esquirols llistats.[2]

Característiques

Els exemplars masculins dels esquirols llistats d'orelles llargues tenen una longitud total d'entre 23 i 23,9 cm, i les femelles d'entre 23 i 24,5 cm. La cua té gran part de la longitud total, movent-se en rangs d'entre 8,5 i 10 cm en els mascles i d'entre 9 i 10,1 en les femelles. Els mascles pesen entre 74,1 i 89 grams, i les femelles entre 81 i 105 grams. Aquesta espècie té un color vermell-marronós brillant, que presenten cinc ratlles fosques i 4 ratlles pàl·lides a l'esquena. També tenen grans taques blanques, visibles a la base de les dues orelles.[2]

Referències

  1. «Neotamias quadrimaculatus» (en anglès). Llista Vermella de la UICN. Unió Internacional per a la Conservació de la Natura (UICN). [Consulta: 11 novembre 2015].
  2. 2,0 2,1 Wilson, Don E.; Ruff, Sue. The Smithsonian Book of North American Mammals. Smithsonian Institution, 1999, p. 375–376. ISBN 978-1-56098-845-8.
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Esquirol llistat d'orelles llargues: Brief Summary ( Katalanca; Valensiyaca )

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L'esquirol llistat d'orelles llargues (Neotamias quadrimaculatus) és una espècie de rosegador de la família Sciuridae. És una espècie endèmica de la serralada de Sierra Nevada als estats de Califòrnia i Nevada dels Estats Units. Fent honor al seu nom, els esquirols llistats d'orelles llargues tenen les orelles de més longitud de totes les espècies d'esquirols llistats.

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Langohr-Streifenhörnchen ( Almanca )

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Das Langohr-Streifenhörnchen (Tamias quadrimaculatus, Syn.: Neotamias quadrimaculatus) ist eine Hörnchenart aus der Gattung der Streifenhörnchen (Tamias). Es kommt endemisch in der Sierra Nevada im Osten von Kalifornien und im äußersten Westen von Nevada vor.

Merkmale

Das Langohr-Streifenhörnchen erreicht eine durchschnittliche Kopf-Rumpf-Länge von etwa 13,5 bis 13,8 Zentimetern, die Schwanzlänge beträgt etwa 9,4 bis 10,2 Zentimeter und das Gewicht etwa 78 bis 88 Gramm. Die Rückenfarbe ist Rotbraun und wie bei anderen Arten der Gattung befinden sich auf dem Rücken mehrere dunkle Rückenstreifen, die durch hellere Streifen getrennt und gegenüber den Körperseiten abgegrenzt sind. Es unterscheidet sich von den meisten anderen Arten der Streifenhörnchen vor allem durch seine langen Ohren, die kräftige rotbraune Färbung und den beiden hellen weißen Flecken hinter den Ohren (Postaurikularflecke).[1]

Verbreitung

 src=
Verbreitungsgebiet des Langohr-Streifenhörnchens

Das Langohr-Streifenhörnchen kommt in der Sierra Nevada im Osten von Kalifornien im Plumas County und Mariposa County sowie im äußersten Westen von Nevada vor.[1][2]

Lebensweise

Langohr-Streifenhörnchen leben vor allem in gemischten Nadelwaldbeständen von Gelb-Kiefern (Pinus ponderosa), Gewöhnlicher Douglasie (Pseudotsuga menziesii) und Zucker-Kiefern (Pinus lambertiana). Dabei bevorzugen sie dichte Waldbestände oder aufgelockerte Wälder mit dichtem Unterholz, Totholz, abgeworfenem Lauf und Ästen und Baumstümpfen.[1]

Ein Langohr-Streifenhörnchen bei der Futtersuche auf einem Antilopenstrauch (Purshia tridentata) südöstlich von Truckee in der Sierra Nevada (27 Sekunden, 6,63 MB)

Die Art ist tagaktiv und primär bodenlebend, kann jedoch auch in Bäume und Gebüsche klettern. Die Tiere ernähren sich vor allem herbivor von Pilzen, Samen und Früchten. Die Zusammensetzung der Nahrung variiert regional, den Hauptbestandteil stellen jedoch im Boden wachsende Pilze vor Samen der Nadelbäume dar. Hinzu kommen andere Pflanzenteile sowie Insekten als ergänzende Nahrung. Dabei legen sie Nahrungsspeicher an. Die Hörnchen überwintern vom November bis in den späten März, wobei sie sich in der Zeit von den Samenspeichern ernähren.[1] Die Art ist sehr aktiv und weniger territorial als andere Streifenhörnchen, jedoch sind die Tiere und vor allem die Männchen während der Paarungszeit gegenüber Artgenossen aggressiv. Das Kommunikationsrepertoire besteht aus einer Reihe verschiedener „chips“ und „chucks“, abhängig vom Hintergrund der Rufe. Häufig sind Schwanzzuckungen mit Rufen verbunden, vor allem bei Alarmrufen.[1] Die Territorien umfassen bei den Männchen durchschnittlich 0,88 ha, bei den Weibchen durchschnittlich 0,48 ha. Die Individuendichten liegen dabei etwa bei einem Tier pro Hektar.[1]

Die Paarungszeit liegt bei dieser Art zwischen dem späten April und dem frühen Mai, die Tragzeit beträgt etwa 31 Tage und die Jungtiere werden entsprechend Ende Mai bis Juni geboren. Die Anzahl der Jungtiere pro Wurf variiert von zwei bis sechs Tieren, dabei kommt nur ein Wurf pro Jahr vor.[1]

Prädatoren für die Art sind bis auf den Angriff einer Klapperschlange nicht nachgewiesen, als Kleinsäuger werden die Tiere jedoch wahrscheinlich von verschiedenen Raubtieren, Greifvögeln und Schlangen erbeutet. Als Parasiten wurden neben Zecken (Demacentor andersoni und Haemaphysalis leporispalustris) und vor allem Flöhen (Catallagia culleni, Diamanus montanus, Oropsylla idahoensis, Monopsyllus eumolpi und Monopsyllus ciliatus) auch das Bakterium Yersinia pestis, Erreger der Pest, nachgewiesen.[1]

Systematik

 src=
Langohr-Streifenhörnchen (Tamias quadrimaculatus)

Das Langohr-Streifenhörnchen wird als eigenständige Art innerhalb der Gattung der Streifenhörnchen (Tamias) eingeordnet, die aus 25 Arten besteht.[3] Die wissenschaftliche Erstbeschreibung stammt von dem britischen Naturforscher John Edward Gray aus dem Jahr 1867, der es anhand von Individuen aus dem Michigan Bluff im Placer County in Kalifornien beschrieb.[3][4]

1985 wurde die Art im Rahmen einer Revision durch Levenson et al. mit allen anderen Streifenhörnchen der Gattung Tamias zugeschlagen.[5] Innerhalb dieser wird das Sonoma-Streifenhörnchen gemeinsam mit den meisten anderen Arten der Untergattung Neotamias zugeordnet, die auch als eigenständige Gattung diskutiert wird.[6] Das Langohr-Streifenhörnchen wird innerhalb der Gattung einer Verwandtschaftsgruppe um das Townsend-Streifenhörnchen (Tamias townsendii) zugeordnet, die als townsendii-Gruppe bezeichnet wird. Die Artengruppe neben dem dieser Art und dem Townsend-Streifenhörnchen sieben weitere Arten: T. senex, T. ochrogenys, T. siskiyou, T. merriami, T. sonomae, T. obscurus und T. dorsalis.[7][8]

Innerhalb der Art werden neben der Nominatform keine Unterarten unterschieden.[1]

Status, Bedrohung und Schutz

Das Langohr-Streifenhörnchen wird von der International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) als „nicht gefährdet“ (Least Concern, LC) eingestuft. Begründet wird dies durch das relativ große Verbreitungsgebiet von mehr als 20.000 km2 und das regelmäßige Vorkommen, bestandsgefährdende Risiken sind nicht bekannt.[2]

Belege

  1. a b c d e f g h i Richard W. Thorington Jr., John L. Koprowski, Michael A. Steele: Squirrels of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD 2012; S. 332–333. ISBN 978-1-4214-0469-1.
  2. a b Neotamias quadrimaculatus in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN 2015.4. Eingestellt von: A.V. Linzey, NatureServe (G. Hammerson), 2008. Abgerufen am 18. Juni 2016.
  3. a b Tamias (Neotamias) quadrimaculatus In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Hrsg.): Mammal Species of the World. A taxonomic and geographic Reference. 2 Bände. 3. Auflage. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
  4. Robin G. Clawson, Joseph A. Clawson, Troy L. Best: Tamias quadrimaculatus. Mammalian Species 469, 1994.
  5. Howard Levenson, Robert S. Hoffmann, Charles F. Nadler, Ljerka Deutsch, Scott D. Freeman: Systematics of the Holarctic Chipmunks (Tamias). Journal of Mammalogy 66 (2), Mai 1985, S. 219–242, doi:10.2307/1381236.
  6. Bruce D. Patterson, Ryan W. Norris: Towards a uniform nomenclature for ground squirrels: the status of the Holarctic chipmunks. Mammalia 80 (3), Mai 2016; S. 241–251 doi:10.1515/mammalia-2015-0004
  7. Antoinette J. Piaggio, Greg S. Spicer: Molecular Phylogeny of the Chipmunk Genus Tamias Based on the Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit II Gene. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 7 (3), September 2000, S. 147–166, doi:10.1023/A:1009484302799. (Volltext)
  8. Antoinette J. Piaggio, Greg S. Spicer: Molecular Phylogeny of the Chipmunks Inferred from Mitochondrial Cytochrome b and Cytochrome Oxidase II Gene Sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 20 (3), September 2001, S. 335–350, doi:10.1006/mpev.2001.097. (Volltext)

Literatur

Weblinks

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Langohr-Streifenhörnchen: Brief Summary ( Almanca )

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Das Langohr-Streifenhörnchen (Tamias quadrimaculatus, Syn.: Neotamias quadrimaculatus) ist eine Hörnchenart aus der Gattung der Streifenhörnchen (Tamias). Es kommt endemisch in der Sierra Nevada im Osten von Kalifornien und im äußersten Westen von Nevada vor.

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Long-eared chipmunk ( İngilizce )

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The long-eared chipmunk (Neotamias quadrimaculatus), also called the Sacramento chipmunk or the four-banded chipmunk, is a species of rodent in the squirrel family, Sciuridae. It is endemic to the central and northern Sierra Nevada of California and Nevada in the United States.[1] Long-eared chipmunks have the longest ears of all species of chipmunks.[2]

Description

Male long-eared chipmunks range from 23.0–23.9 centimeters (9.1–9.4 in) in total length, while females range from 23.0–24.5 centimeters (9.1–9.6 in). The tail makes up a large part of the total length, ranging from 8.5–10.0 centimeters (3.3–3.9 in) in males and 9.0–10.1 centimeters (3.5–4.0 in) in females. Males weigh from 74.1–89.0 grams (2.61–3.14 oz), and females weigh from 81.0–105.0 grams (2.86–3.70 oz). The chipmunks are bright red-brown in color, displaying five dark stripes and four pale stripes on their backs. They also have large, noticeable white patches at the base of both ears.[2]

Behavior

Long-eared chipmunks are diurnal. They forage on the ground for fungi, seeds, fruits, flowers, and insects, though in the fall they will climb conifer trees to eat seeds from the cones. The chipmunks hibernate in a den on the ground from November until March, and live in burrows or tree hollows the rest of the year. They mate in late April and May, and the young are born after one month of gestation.[2]

References

  1. ^ a b Cassola, F. (2016). "Neotamias quadrimaculatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T42575A22267619. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T42575A22267619.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b c Wilson, Don E.; Ruff, Sue, eds. (1999). The Smithsonian Book of North American Mammals. Smithsonian Institution. pp. 375–376. ISBN 978-1-56098-845-8.
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Long-eared chipmunk: Brief Summary ( İngilizce )

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The long-eared chipmunk (Neotamias quadrimaculatus), also called the Sacramento chipmunk or the four-banded chipmunk, is a species of rodent in the squirrel family, Sciuridae. It is endemic to the central and northern Sierra Nevada of California and Nevada in the United States. Long-eared chipmunks have the longest ears of all species of chipmunks.

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Neotamias quadrimaculatus ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

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Neotamias quadrimaculatus es una especie de roedor de la familia Sciuridae.

Distribución geográfica

Es endémica de las montañas de Sierra Nevada de California y Nevada en los Estados Unidos

Referencias

  1. Linzey, A. V. & Hammerson, G. (2008). «Tamias quadrimaculatus». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2008 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 8 de enero de 2009.
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Neotamias quadrimaculatus: Brief Summary ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

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Neotamias quadrimaculatus es una especie de roedor de la familia Sciuridae.

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Tamias quadrimaculatus ( Baskça )

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Tamias quadrimaculatus Tamias generoko animalia da. Karraskarien barruko Xerinae azpifamilia eta Sciuridae familian sailkatuta dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. Gray (1867) Sciuridae Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist..

Ikus, gainera

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Tamias quadrimaculatus: Brief Summary ( Baskça )

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Tamias quadrimaculatus Tamias generoko animalia da. Karraskarien barruko Xerinae azpifamilia eta Sciuridae familian sailkatuta dago.

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Pitkäkorvamaaorava ( Fince )

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Pitkäkorvamaaorava (Tamias quadrimaculatus) on maaoravien sukuun kuuluva jyrsijä, joka esiintyy kotoperäisenä Sierra Nevadan vuorilla Kalifornian ja Nevadan osavaltioissa, Yhdysvalloissa.[1]

Lähteet

  1. a b Linzey, A.V. & NatureServe (Hammerson, G.): Tamias quadrimaculatus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.1. 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, Iucnredlist.org. Viitattu 30.6.2014. (englanniksi)
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Pitkäkorvamaaorava: Brief Summary ( Fince )

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Pitkäkorvamaaorava (Tamias quadrimaculatus) on maaoravien sukuun kuuluva jyrsijä, joka esiintyy kotoperäisenä Sierra Nevadan vuorilla Kalifornian ja Nevadan osavaltioissa, Yhdysvalloissa.

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Langoorchipmunk ( Felemenkçe; Flemish )

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De langoorchipmunk (Tamias quadrimaculatus) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de eekhoorns (Sciuridae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Gray in 1867.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
Geplaatst op:
05-08-2012
Dit artikel is een beginnetje over biologie. U wordt uitgenodigd om op bewerken te klikken om uw kennis aan dit artikel toe te voegen. Beginnetje
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Tamias quadrimaculatus ( İsveççe )

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Tamias quadrimaculatus[2][3][4][5][6][7] är en däggdjursart som beskrevs av Gray 1867. Den ingår i släktet jordekorrar och familjen ekorrar.[8][9] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.[1] Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.[8]

Beskrivning

Pälsen är rödbrunaktig med fem svartbruna ränder längs rygg och sidor, åtskilda med fyra ljusa, gråaktiga till brungråa ränder.[10][11] Öronen är långa och smala, med en vit fläck bakom varje öra. Hjässan är ljust gråbrun. Svansen är mörkt gråbrun på ovansidan, gulbrun på undersidan och har en vit spets. Buksidan är ljusgråaktig. Längden är mellan 23 och 24,5 cm för honor, inklusive en svans på 9 till 12 cm; motsvarande värden för hanen är 20 till 24 cm för totala kroppslängden respektive 8,5 till 10,5 cm för svansen.[11] Honan väger mellan 81 och 105 g, hanen mellan 74 och 89 g.[10]

Ekologi

Tamias quadrimaculatus förflyttar sig främst på marken men kan klättra i växtligheten.[1] Den förekommer på höjder mellan 960 och 2 250 m i habitat som chaparral, annan buskmark, blandad barrskog (i synnerhet gultall och douglasgran), gärna med nerfallna trädstammar, stubbar och klippor. Bona förläggs till träd och i underjordiska håligheter. Arten sover vintersömn i underjordiska utrymmen mellan slutet av oktober till mars. Milda dagar kan den vara aktiv även under vintern. Den sparar föda i förråd inför vintern, och äter dessutom upp sig inför vintersömnen. Hanarna kommer fram tidigare ur vintersömnen än honorna; man förmodar att det är för att slåss om honorna inför parningen.[10]

Föda och predation

Arten är allätare som lever av svamp, frön, nötter, bär och andra frukter, kottar och insekter. Den lägger upp förråd av frön inför vintersömnen. Själv utgör arten föda för vesslor, prärievarg, rävar, rödlo och rovfåglar.[10]

Fortplantning

Parningstiden sträcker sig från slutet av april till början av maj. Efter omkring 31 dagars dräktighet föder honan en kull på 2 till 6 ungar.[1] De dias i omkring en månad, och blir självständiga i september. Man antar att de är könsmogna vid 10 månaders ålder.[10]

Utbredning

Utbredningsområdet omfattar Sierra Nevada i östra-centrala Kalifornien och angränsande västra-centrala Nevada.[1]

Källor

  1. ^ [a b c d e] Linzey, A.V. & Hammerson, G. 2008 Tamias quadrimaculatus Från: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 <www.iucnredlist.org>. Läst 10 februari 2016.
  2. ^ (1996) , database, NODC Taxonomic Code
  3. ^ Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes (2003) , Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada
  4. ^ Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (1992) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing
  5. ^ (1998) , website, Mammal Species of the World
  6. ^ Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole (2000) , Common Names of Mammals of the World
  7. ^ Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner (1987) Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada, Resource Publication, no. 166
  8. ^ [a b] Roskov Y., Abucay L., Orrell T., Nicolson D., Kunze T., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., DeWalt R.E., Decock W., De Wever A. (red.) (2015). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2015 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Naturalis, Leiden, Nederländerna. http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2015/search/all/key/tamias+quadrimaculatus/match/1. Läst 14 februari 2016.
  9. ^ ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Orrell T. (custodian), 2011-04-26
  10. ^ [a b c d e] Crystal Neligh och Matthew Johnson (2006). Tamias quadrimaculatus long-eared chipmunk” (på engelska). Animal Diversity Web (University of Michigan). http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Tamias_quadrimaculatus/. Läst 10 februari 2016.
  11. ^ [a b] Robin G. Clawson, Joseph A. Clawson och Troy L. Best (2 juni 1994). ”Tamias quadrimaculatus” (PDF, 721 kB). Mammalian Species No 496. The American Society of Mammalogists. http://www.science.smith.edu/msi/pdf/i0076-3519-469-01-0001.pdf. Läst 14 februari 2016.

Externa länkar

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Tamias quadrimaculatus: Brief Summary ( İsveççe )

wikipedia SV tarafından sağlandı

Tamias quadrimaculatus är en däggdjursart som beskrevs av Gray 1867. Den ingår i släktet jordekorrar och familjen ekorrar. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

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Sóc chuột tai dài ( Vietnamca )

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Neotamias quadrimaculatus là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Sóc, bộ Gặm nhấm. Loài này được Gray mô tả năm 1867.[2]

Chú thích

  1. ^ Linzey, A. V. & Hammerson, G. (2008). Tamias quadrimaculatus. 2008 Sách đỏ IUCN. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế 2008. Truy cập ngày 8 tháng 1 năm 2009.
  2. ^ a ă Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. biên tập (2005). “Tamias quadrimaculatus”. Mammal Species of the World . Baltimore: Nhà in Đại học Johns Hopkins, 2 tập (2.142 trang). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

Tham khảo

  • Thorington, R. W. Jr. and R. S. Hoffman. 2005. Family Sciuridae. pp. 754–818 in Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến Họ Sóc này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Sóc chuột tai dài: Brief Summary ( Vietnamca )

wikipedia VI tarafından sağlandı

Neotamias quadrimaculatus là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Sóc, bộ Gặm nhấm. Loài này được Gray mô tả năm 1867.

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긴귀다람쥐 ( Korece )

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긴귀다람쥐(Neotamias quadrimaculatus)는 다람쥐과에 속하는 설치류의 일종이다.[2] 새크라멘토다람쥐 또는 네줄무늬다람쥐로도 불린다. 미국 캘리포니아주네바다주의 시에라 네바다 산맥 중부와 북부 지역의 토착종이다. 긴귀다람쥐는 모든 다람쥐 종들 중에서 가장 긴 귀를 갖고 있다.[3]

특징

수컷 긴귀다람쥐의 전체 몸길이 범위는 23.0~23.9cm인 반면에 암컷은 23.0~24.5mm이다. 수컷 꼬리 길이는 8.5~10.0cm이고, 암컷은 9.0~10.1cm이다. 수컷 몸무게는 74.1~89.0g, 암컷은 81.0~105.0g이다. 몸의 털은 밝은 적색과 갈색을 띠고, 5줄의 짙은 줄무늬와 4줄의 연한 줄무늬가 섞인 줄무늬가 등 뒤로 이어진다. 양 귀 바닥에 크고 두드러진 흰 반점이 있다.[3]

습성

긴귀다람쥐는 주행성 동물이다. 땅 위에서 먹이를 구하며, 버섯과 씨앗, 열매, 꽃, 곤충 등을 먹고 가을에는 침엽수에 올라 솔방울로부터 씨앗을 먹는다. 11월과 3월 사이에 땅 위의 굴 속에서 겨울잠을 자고, 땅 속 굴이나 나무 구멍 속에서 연중 서식한다. 4월말과 5월에 짝짓기를 하고, 1달간의 임신 기간 이후에 새끼를 낳는다.[3]

각주

  1. “Tamias quadrimaculatus”. 《멸종 위기 종의 IUCN 적색 목록. 2008판》 (영어). 국제 자연 보전 연맹. 2008. 2009년 1월 8일에 확인함.
  2. Thorington, R.W., Jr.; Hoffman, R.S. (2005). 〈Family Sciuridae〉 [다람쥐과]. Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. 《Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference》 (영어) 3판. 존스 홉킨스 대학교 출판사. 754–818쪽. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  3. Wilson, Don E.; Ruff, Sue, 편집. (1999). 《The Smithsonian Book of North American Mammals》. Smithsonian Institution. 375–376쪽. ISBN 978-1-56098-845-8.
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