Amenazas
(
İspanyolca; Kastilyaca
)
Conabio tarafından sağlandı
Factores de riesgo
Dos son los principales factores de riesgo que existen para esta especie. El primero de estos tiene que ver con la disminución de su hábitat natural, el cual es objeto de una importante explotación forestal (SEMARNAT, 2005), y el segundo con su comercialización y la falta de proyectos que impliquen un manejo sustentable de esta especie ectomicorrizógena.
Situación actual del hábitat con respecto a las necesidades de la especie
De acuerdo con los datos recabados se estima que las condiciones actuales del hábitat natural no limitan al taxón. Sin embargo, las altas tasas de deforestación y cambio de uso de suelo a que están sujetos los bosques donde crece podrían llegar a ponerla en riesgo. Ya que en nuestro país los bosques de coníferas, incluyendo de Pinus, Abies y mixtos de Pinus-Quercus, son objeto de una importante explotación forestal (legal e ilegal) en el país (SEMARNAT, 2005). Lo cual ha disminuido en cerca de 60% su superficie en los últimos 20 años (INEGI, 2006). Además que estos bosques, particularmente los de Pinus-Quercus- son explotados para obtener leña y carbón y desmontados para fines pecuarios y agrícolas (SEMARNAT, 2005, 2006).
- bibliyografik atıf
- Patiño-Conde V., Sánchez, M. y Cifuentes, J. 2010. Ficha técnica de Tricholoma magnivelare. En: Cifuentes, J. (compilador). Elaboración de fichas de especies de hongos incluidas en la NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2001. Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM. Bases de datos SNIB-CONABIO. Proyecto No. DK002. México, D.F.
- yazar
- Patiño-Conde V.
- yazar
- Sánchez, M. y Cifuentes, J.
Biología del taxón
(
İspanyolca; Kastilyaca
)
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Relevancia de la especie
Desde el punto de vista ecológico, este hongo es de suma importancia ya que se trata de una especie ectomicorrizógena y por tanto resulta esencial para el establecimiento y mantenimiento de las especies arbóreas con que se asocia. Taxonómicamente, es una especie relevante para México pues forma parte de su diversidad biológica. Por otra parte, los basidiomas de esta especie se usan con fines alimenticios o decorativos, aunque se consume poco en México. Sin embargo, sus estados juveniles (botones) son apreciados en Japón como ornamentales debido a su característico olor afrutado (Gómez y Castellanos, 1998; Villarreal y Pérez-Moreno, 1989). Esta especie se comercializa y la producción total se exporta al Japón.
- bibliyografik atıf
- Patiño-Conde V., Sánchez, M. y Cifuentes, J. 2010. Ficha técnica de Tricholoma magnivelare. En: Cifuentes, J. (compilador). Elaboración de fichas de especies de hongos incluidas en la NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2001. Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM. Bases de datos SNIB-CONABIO. Proyecto No. DK002. México, D.F.
- yazar
- Patiño-Conde V.
- yazar
- Sánchez, M. y Cifuentes, J.
Descripción
(
İspanyolca; Kastilyaca
)
Conabio tarafından sağlandı
Hongo con píleo de 65-190 mm de diámetro, al principio convexo, márgenes enrollados, volviéndose plano-convexo con la edad, márgenes incurvados y ondulados; superficie seca, pero puede aparecer ligeramente viscoso cuando se humedece y comúnmente con restos viscosos de éste, glabro o con numerosas escamas algodonosas muy juntas, color blanco o amarillo pálido cuando joven, fibrillas de la superficie volviéndose de color ocre a café pálido sobre un fondo blanco amarillento; contexto blanco, firme, sabor dulce, olor picante como la canela. Láminas apenas sinuadas, 8-12 mm de ancho, juntas a muy juntas, delgadas, de color blanquecino a crema pálido cuando es joven, con manchas y decolorándose de pálido a café anaranjado con la edad. Estípite de 60-150 x 20-40 mm, igual o cónico hacia la base; superficie seca, por arriba del anillo sedoso fibriloso con zonas de fibrillas dobladas hacia atrás, blanco, decolorándose como las láminas en ejemplares viejos, anillo y la superficie por debajo del anillo como la superficie del píleo, pero cambiando a color café negruzco con la edad o al maltrato, las escamas nunca forman zonas distintas; velo parcial membranoso, dejando remanentes en el margen del píleo y con un anillo grueso, algodonoso, persistente, al principio el anillo es prominente y acampanado hacia arriba.
Basidiosporas 5.8-8.2 x 4.3-5.8 micras, generalmente elípticas, hialinas, lisas, no amiloides. Basidios 33-43 x 6.2-7.2 micras, clavados, con 4 esporas. Cistidios ausentes. Fíbulas ausentes. Especie solitaria a gregaria.
- bibliyografik atıf
- Patiño-Conde V., Sánchez, M. y Cifuentes, J. 2010. Ficha técnica de Tricholoma magnivelare. En: Cifuentes, J. (compilador). Elaboración de fichas de especies de hongos incluidas en la NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2001. Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM. Bases de datos SNIB-CONABIO. Proyecto No. DK002. México, D.F.
- yazar
- Patiño-Conde V.
- yazar
- Sánchez, M. y Cifuentes, J.
Distribución
(
İspanyolca; Kastilyaca
)
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Actual
MEXICO
La distribución de esta especie en México abarca parte de los bosques templados del centro y sur de éste, y ha sido registrada para los estados de México (Nava y Valenzuela, 1997), Veracruz, donde se conoce de la región del Cofre de Perote y Huayacocotla (Villarreal y Pérez, 1989), Oaxaca (Nava y Valenzuela, 1997; Vovides et al., 1997) e Hidalgo y Puebla (Vovides et al., 1997).
MEXICO / ESTADO DE MEXICO
MEXICO / HIDALGO
MEXICO / OAXACA
MEXICO / PUEBLA
MEXICO / VERACRUZ
MEXICO / VERACRUZ / HUAYACOCOTLA
MEXICO / VERACRUZ / PEROTE
Mundial
CANADA
ESTADOS UNIDOS
ND
En cuanto a su distribución mundial, esta especie se presenta en toda Norteamérica incluyendo Estados Unidos y Canadá (www.rogersmushrooms.com).
- bibliyografik atıf
- Patiño-Conde V., Sánchez, M. y Cifuentes, J. 2010. Ficha técnica de Tricholoma magnivelare. En: Cifuentes, J. (compilador). Elaboración de fichas de especies de hongos incluidas en la NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2001. Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM. Bases de datos SNIB-CONABIO. Proyecto No. DK002. México, D.F.
- yazar
- Patiño-Conde V.
- yazar
- Sánchez, M. y Cifuentes, J.
Estado de conservación
(
İspanyolca; Kastilyaca
)
Conabio tarafından sağlandı
NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2001
Pr sujeta a protección especial
NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010
Pr sujeta a protección especial
- bibliyografik atıf
- Patiño-Conde V., Sánchez, M. y Cifuentes, J. 2010. Ficha técnica de Tricholoma magnivelare. En: Cifuentes, J. (compilador). Elaboración de fichas de especies de hongos incluidas en la NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2001. Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM. Bases de datos SNIB-CONABIO. Proyecto No. DK002. México, D.F.
- yazar
- Patiño-Conde V.
- yazar
- Sánchez, M. y Cifuentes, J.
Hábitat
(
İspanyolca; Kastilyaca
)
Conabio tarafından sağlandı
Esta especie se encuentra en bosques de pino-encino, de pino y en la zona de transición con el bosque de oyamel; el intervalo altitudinal en el que se encuentra va de 2000 a 3250 msnm, aunque es más frecuente entre los 2300 y 2600 msnm, desarrollándose sobre una capa de hojarasca de 2 a 3 cm (Gómez y Castellanos, 1998; Montoya-Bello et al., 1987).
Macroclima
Aunque no existen datos precisos sobre el tipo de clima dominante a lo largo de la distribución de esta especie, es probable que éste corresponda al tipo Cw, de acuerdo con la clasificación de Koeppen (1948) ya que según Rzedowski (1981) éste es el clima que caracteriza a las grandes masas de bosques de coníferas donde se presenta esta especie. La temperatura media anual en bosque de Pinus y en aquellos de tipo mixto oscila entre los 10 y 20 °C, mientras que en los bosques de Abies éstas varían entre 1 y los 15 °C, alcanzando raramente los 20 °C. Incluso en este último tipo de vegetación, las temperaturas mínimas extremas llegan a alcanzar los -12 °C y suelen presentarse en promedio 60 heladas por año. Por su parte, la precipitación media anual en ambos ecosistemas va desde los 600 hasta 1000 mm, siendo particularmente alta en los bosques de Abies.
- bibliyografik atıf
- Patiño-Conde V., Sánchez, M. y Cifuentes, J. 2010. Ficha técnica de Tricholoma magnivelare. En: Cifuentes, J. (compilador). Elaboración de fichas de especies de hongos incluidas en la NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2001. Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM. Bases de datos SNIB-CONABIO. Proyecto No. DK002. México, D.F.
- yazar
- Patiño-Conde V.
- yazar
- Sánchez, M. y Cifuentes, J.
Reproducción
(
İspanyolca; Kastilyaca
)
Conabio tarafından sağlandı
La época de emergencia de los basidiomas varía en las diferentes regiones del área de distribución de la especie y en función de las condiciones meteorológicas anuales; aunque en general, comprende el periodo de junio a octubre (Gómez y Castellanos, 1998; Montoya-Bello et al., 1987).
- bibliyografik atıf
- Patiño-Conde V., Sánchez, M. y Cifuentes, J. 2010. Ficha técnica de Tricholoma magnivelare. En: Cifuentes, J. (compilador). Elaboración de fichas de especies de hongos incluidas en la NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2001. Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM. Bases de datos SNIB-CONABIO. Proyecto No. DK002. México, D.F.
- yazar
- Patiño-Conde V.
- yazar
- Sánchez, M. y Cifuentes, J.
Comprehensive Description
(
İngilizce
)
EOL authors tarafından sağlandı
The Tricholoma magnivelare [Peck] Redhead fruiting body is white and firm with a distinctive spicy taste and odor. The cap is convex then becomes flat with a diameter of 5-20cm. The overall color becomes orangish-brown with age and bruising. The stipe is even with diameters reaching 5cm and lengths of 4-15cm. The stipe has a prominent partial veil. The hymenium has gills that are attached to the stipe and sometimes have a notch. Cystidia and clamp connections are not present (Kuo 2006). This species produces a white spore print. The inamyloid spores are subglobose to elliptical and smooth with a size of 5-7 µm x 4-6µm (Kuo 2006; Woods and Stevens 2011; Yun et al. 1997).
T. magnivelare fruits in summer and fall in northern portion of range and in summer, fall, and winter in southern portions of range (Kuo 2006; Martinez-Carrera et al. 2002). Fruiting is influenced by rainfall and temperature (Luoma et al. 2006). The mycelia is white or white with a blue tint and has the same characteristic odor as the fruiting body (Viess 2012). This species forms a colony called a “shiro” which is “a dense mass of mycelia that form a white to pale gray mat beginning just below the litter layer.” (Amaranthus et al. 2000). Humans, deer, and squirrels eat this mushroom (Viess 2012).
The distinguishing characters for this species are that the fruiting body is white and bruises orange-brown, its odor, and its stipe has a “sheathing cottony veil” (Woods and Stevens 2011), with the odorthe most important. Phrases used to describe the odor include “spicy but a little bit foul” and “red hots and dirty socks” (Kuo 2006). T. magnivelare look-alikes include T. caligatum and Catathelasma imperiale. T. caligatum has a browner cap and slightly milder odor than T. magnivelare and C. imperiale has gills attached to a tapered, deeply rooted stipe and a double ring (Kuo 2006).
Threats
(
İngilizce
)
EOL authors tarafından sağlandı
Over harvesting and improper harvesting techniques such as raking threaten T. magnivelare populations and re-fruiting. Logging in the Pacific northwest poses a threat because clear-cutting can stop fruiting for two to three decades (Amaranthus et al. 2000).
Conservation Status
(
İngilizce
)
EOL authors tarafından sağlandı
T. magnivelare is under “special protection” status in Mexico (Poe 2009). There is no special status in the US, but harvesting of T. magnivelare mushrooms is amount restricted to prevent unsustainable over harvesting (Hosford 1997). Harvest has been restricted in some areas of Washington state (Amaranthus et al. 2000).
Associations
(
İngilizce
)
EOL authors tarafından sağlandı
T. magnivelare has been found in ectomycorrhizal association with a variety of conifers, e.g., Pinus spp. (pines) and Abies spp. (firs) (Murata et al. 1999; Yun et al. 1997). Amaranthus et al. (2000) found T. magnivelare to be symbiotic with Abies magnifica var. shastensis (Shasta red fir) where the mushroom received carbohydrates from the tree and provided moisture and mineral nutrition to the tree (Hosford 1997; Kranabetter et al. 2002). Studies in British Columbia found T. magnivelare most commonly associated with Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. (western hemlock) and with Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm. (lodgepole pine) (Kranabetter et al. 2002). It has also been found to be ectomycorrhizal with Pinus banksiana Lamb. (jack pine) in northeastern North America, Pinus contorta var. latifolia in the Rocky Mountains, Pinus teocote in Mexico, Pinus ponderosa Lawson & C. Lawson (ponderosa pine) in California and the Pacific Northwest (Kuo 2006). Other North American associates include Lithocarpus densiflorus (tanoak) (Luoma et al. 2006; Yun et al. 1997) and Arbutus menziesii (Pacific madrone) (Luoma et al. 2006). Pinus douglasiana, Quercus scytophylla, Quercus crassifolia, Quercus conzattii, and Arbutus spp. are other known Mexican associates (Martinez-Carrera et al. 2002).
T. magnivelare is ecologically important for Allotropa virgata Torr. & A. Grey ex A. Gray (candystick), an achlorophyllous, obligate, myco-heterotrophic plant that uses the mushroom’s mycelia as its carbon source (Leake 2005). T. magnivelare mycelia can be found directly below individuals of A. virgata, but fruiting bodies of the mushroom will be found 5-15 ft away from the Allotropa (Viess 2012). There may be a complex relationship between Abies magnifica var. shastensis, T. magnivelare, and A. virgata. In southern Oregon, A. magnifica var. shastensis and A. virgata presence can be used as indicators for locating T. magnivelare (Amaranthus et al. 2000).
Habitat
(
İngilizce
)
EOL authors tarafından sağlandı
T. magnivelare is typically found in coniferous forests with sparse understories and high moss coverages (Kranabetter et al. 2002). In the Pacific northwest, T. magnivelare is typically found in spodosol soils from glacially deposited parent material with 25% or less organic matter present and a litter layer 2-7 cm deep in coniferous forests (Hosford 1997). The parent material is either volcanic or granitic in origin. The most productive soils for T. magnivelare growth are acidic, well drained and have low fertility (Yun et al. 1997). It forms a colony called a “shiro” which is “a dense mass of mycelia that form a white to pale gray mat beginning just below the litter layer.” (Amaranthus et al. 2000). In central Mexico, it is found in temperate forests with elevations from 2000-3250 m and 12-70% slopes (Martinez-Carrera et al. 2002).
Distribution
(
İngilizce
)
EOL authors tarafından sağlandı
T. magnivelare predominantly occurs throughout British Columbia, Oregon, Washington, and northern California (Kranabetter et al. 2002). However, its full geographic range also includes areas of central Mexico (Amaranthus et al. 2000), New England, and eastern Canada (Kuo 2006). Populations found in Mexico are limited to elevations greater than 1500m (Hosford 1997).
Economic Value
(
İngilizce
)
EOL authors tarafından sağlandı
T. magnivelare is one of the most economically valuable forest mushrooms in the Pacific northwest (Kranabetter et al. 2002; Pilz et al. 2008). It is used for food in North America and Asia (Murata et al. 1999) with the majority of the harvest each year exported to Japan (Amaranthus et al. 2000). Between 500 – 700 t of T. magnivelare harvested from the US and Canada is exported to Japan annually and wholesales for 30 – 40 % of the T. matsutake going price. T. matsutake is culturally important in Japan but its production and availability has dramatically declined making the import of T. magnivelare as a replacement all the more important (Yun et al. 1997).
Economically important commodity for rural communities (Zapotecs and peasants) in central Mexico, almost all is exported to Japan. It has been found occassionally for sale in markets in Oaxaca. Produce/gather 2.5-5.0 kg/ha/yr. Mushrooms are harvested by the communites. Fresh mushrooms are graded and processed [ie. dried (in an oven), canned (pickled or cooked before canned), frozen, or freeze dried] before being sold to the exporters (Martinez-Carrera et al. 2002).
Tricholoma magnivelare
(
İngilizce
)
EOL authors tarafından sağlandı
Tricholoma magnivelare is an edible mushroom with a distinctive flavor and odor found in British Columbia, the Pacific northwest, New England, and central Mexico. It is found in coniferous forests in association with several species of Pinus (Pines) and Abies (Firs). Allotropa virgata is an obligate myco-heterotroph with T. magnivelare. T. magnivelare is economically important in the regions where it occurs as an exported food item.
Comprehensive Description
(
İngilizce
)
North American Flora tarafından sağlandı
Armillaria arenicola Murrill, Mycologia 4: 212. 1912
■
Pileus firm, fleshy, convex to subplane or slightly depressed, gibbous, gregarious, 12-15 cm. broad; surface dry, smooth, glabrous, white or whitish, cremeous at the center; context coarse, white, tasteless ; lamellae adnate, becoming sinuate-adnexed or nearly free, ventricose, plane, close, white, changing to rust-colored when bruised; spores globose, smooth, hyaline, 4-6 n; stipe equal or tapering downward, dry, smooth below, somewhat scaly above the annulus, white tinged with cremeous, 12 cm. long, 3 cm. thick; annulus ample, persistent, membranous, white, attached just above the middle of the stipe.
Type locality: Newport, Oregon. Habitat : In sand-hills among scrubby pines. Distribution: Known only from the type locality.
- bibliyografik atıf
- William Alphonso Murrill. 1914. (AGARICALES); AGARICACEAE (pars). North American flora. vol 10(1). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
Comprehensive Description
(
İngilizce
)
North American Flora tarafından sağlandı
Armillaria magnivelaris (Peck) Murrill
Agaricus (Armillaria) ponderosus Peck., Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci. 1: 42. 1873. Not A.
ponderosus Pers. 1801. (
Agaricus magnivelaris Peck, Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Mus. 29; 66. 1878. Armillaria ponderosa Sacc. Syll. Fung. 5: 78. 1887.
Pileus thick, compact, convex or subcampanulate, 10-13 cm. broad; surface smooth, white or yellowish, margin naked or clothed with the appendiculate veil, strongly involute; context white ; lamellae crowded, narrow, slightly emarginate, white inclining to cream-colored ; spores nearly globose, 4/a; stipe stout, subequal, firm, solid, coated by the veil, concolorous, white and furfuraceous above the annulus, 10-13 cm. long, 2.5 cm. thick; veil slightly viscid, long persistent, at length lacerate, adhering in shreds to the margin and the stipe.
Type locality: Copake, New York. Habitat : On the ground in woods. Distribution: New York and New England.
- bibliyografik atıf
- William Alphonso Murrill. 1914. (AGARICALES); AGARICACEAE (pars). North American flora. vol 10(1). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
Tricholoma murrillianum
(
İngilizce
)
wikipedia EN tarafından sağlandı
Tricholoma murrillianum is a gilled mushroom found west of the Rocky Mountains in North America growing in coniferous woodland. This ectomycorrhizal fungus is an edible species that exists in a symbiotic relationship with various species of conifer as well as tan oak and madrone. It belongs to the genus Tricholoma in the matsutake species complex, which includes the closely related East Asian songi or matsutake as well as the American matsutake (T. magnivelare) and Mexican matsutake (T. mesoamericanum).[1] T. murrillianum is also known as the ponderosa mushroom, pine mushroom, and Western matsutake.
Edibility
Matsutake mushrooms (including T. murrillianum) are choice edibles with high desirability, especially in Asian markets. They are prized for their distinctive spicy odor and flavor and firm, meaty texture. Serious poisonings have occurred due to confusion with poisonous look-alikes, most notably Amanita smithiana.[2]
Harvest
As Japanese production of T. matsutake has declined with the growing presence of the pine-killing nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, there is an increasingly global matsutake harvesting market of related species. Exports from western North America bloomed over the last four decades, driving prices to a peak in the 1990s when Western matsutakes reached up to $600 per pound.[3] Prices have since declined dramatically, but the annual matsutake harvest still drives economies in many rural Pacific Northwest areas.
Button matsutakes are especially prized, and illegal raking of wild matsutake patches can cause serious ecological damage. Matsutake harvests in the Pacific Northwest have been on the decline in recent years, possibly as a result of deep raking and over-harvesting.[4]
Distribution
T. murrillianum is found predominantly in the Pacific Northwest of the United States and Canada. It was previously included with the American matsutake, T. magnivelare, but in 2017 scholarship based on molecular analysis separated the two and determined that T. magnivelare is limited to the eastern half of North America.[1] In southern North America, the Mexican matsutake, T. mesoamericanum, is found instead.
The Western matsutake can be distinguished from its Asian counterparts by its whiter color, and from its North American counterparts by range, which does not overlap. It is mostly white while T. magnivelare and T. mesoamericanum tend to be darker in cap coloration, though all three can stain reddish brown with handling when mature. T. murrillianum also has a smoother pileus than the eastern T. magnivelare.[1]
See also
References
- lisans
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- telif hakkı
- Wikipedia authors and editors
Tricholoma murrillianum: Brief Summary
(
İngilizce
)
wikipedia EN tarafından sağlandı
Tricholoma murrillianum is a gilled mushroom found west of the Rocky Mountains in North America growing in coniferous woodland. This ectomycorrhizal fungus is an edible species that exists in a symbiotic relationship with various species of conifer as well as tan oak and madrone. It belongs to the genus Tricholoma in the matsutake species complex, which includes the closely related East Asian songi or matsutake as well as the American matsutake (T. magnivelare) and Mexican matsutake (T. mesoamericanum). T. murrillianum is also known as the ponderosa mushroom, pine mushroom, and Western matsutake.
- lisans
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- telif hakkı
- Wikipedia authors and editors
Tricholoma magnivelare
(
Szl
)
wikipedia SZL tarafından sağlandı
Tricholoma magnivelare je grzib[8], co go nojprzōd ôpisoł Peck, a terŏźnõ nazwã doł mu Redhead 1984. Tricholoma magnivelare nŏleży do zorty 'Tricholoma' i familije Tricholomataceae.[9][10] Żŏdne podgatōnki niy sōm wymianowane we Catalogue of Life.[9]
Przipisy
-
↑ Singer (1951), In: Lilloa 22:227
-
↑ Singer (1942), In: Lloydia 5:113
-
↑ Murrill (1914), In: N. Amer. Fl. (New York) 10(1):37
-
↑ Murrill (1912), In: Mycologia 4(4):212
-
↑ P.A. Saccardo (1887), In: Syll. fung. (Abellini) 5:78
-
↑ Peck (1878), In: Ann. Rep. N.Y. St. Mus. nat. Hist. 29:66
-
↑ Peck (1873), In: Bull. Buffalo Soc. nat. Sci. 1:42
-
↑ Redhead (1984), In: Trans. Mycol. Soc. Japan 25(1):6
-
↑ 9,0 9,1 Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.): Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2019 Annual Checklist.. Species 2000: Naturalis, Leiden, the Netherlands., 2019. [dostymp 24 września 2012].
-
↑ Species Fungorum. Kirk P.M., 2010-11-23
- lisans
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- telif hakkı
- Wikipedia authors and editors
Tricholoma magnivelare: Brief Summary
(
Szl
)
wikipedia SZL tarafından sağlandı
Tricholoma magnivelare je grzib, co go nojprzōd ôpisoł Peck, a terŏźnõ nazwã doł mu Redhead 1984. Tricholoma magnivelare nŏleży do zorty 'Tricholoma' i familije Tricholomataceae. Żŏdne podgatōnki niy sōm wymianowane we Catalogue of Life.
- lisans
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- telif hakkı
- Wikipedia authors and editors