Specific details on predation of Guinea baboons are not available. However, large African carnivores, such as African wild dogs, lions, leopards, and hyaenas are sympatric. These are presumed to prey upon the baboons.
Guinea baboons appear to have two strategies to avoid predation. When presumed predators are noted at night, adult male baboons will begin to call in protracted nocturnal volleys. These calls may alert the predators to the presence of the adult males, thereby warning them from a risky attack on a sleeping group of baboons. When predators are very close, the baboons appear to rely on crypsis, becoming nearly silent until the predator has passed the sleeping site.
In addition to their vocalizations toward predators, Guinea baboons are known to sleep in very large trees, which might be difficult for predators to access. Indeed, the baboons themselves have some difficulty reaching their sleeping sites, often propelling themselves into the crown of the sleeping tree from the branches of smaller trees. Use of such sleeping sites itself could be considered a behavior which thwarts predators.
Known Predators:
Guinea baboons are considered small among their congeners. Although measurements for this species are not reported, they can be assumed to be on the small end of those reported by Nowak (1999) for all non-hamadryas baboons. For these, head and body length ranges between 508 and 1,143 mm, with the tail adding an additional 456 to 711 mm to the total length. Weights range between 13 and 26 kg, with males significantly larger and heavier than females.
The pelage of P. papio is a reddish brown, with significant geographic variation. Those animals in the western portion of the range are lighter and more strikingly red than those found in the eastern portion of the range, where animals are darker and more brownish. Unlike many baboon species, P. papio characteristically display the same color pelage on back, arms, cheeks and abdomen. Individual hairs have multiple bands of color, and are wavey in texture. In other species of Papio, the youngest animals display a charateristic natal pelage, which differs from adult pelage in color and texture. Although the natal pelage of P. papio has not been reported, it can be assumed that infants display some differences from adults.
Like anubis and hamadryas baboons, Guinea baboon males have a mane, although the mane in this species is not as pronounced as it is in hamadryas baboon males.
The facial skin of P. papio is purple-black. The moderate amount of unfurred skin visible around the anal area of males is pinkish in color. The female ano-genital skin changes color depending upon reproductive condition and age, as detailed in the reproductive section of this account.
Papio papio has a medium-sized skull for the genus, and a normal facial orientation. The long face has a prominent muzzel. Adults have 32 teeth. Canine teeth are large, especially in males, and the first lower premolar has been modified to serve as a hone for the upper canine. The large molars are strongly bilophidont.
Range mass: 13 to 26 kg.
Range length: 508 to 1143 mm.
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry
Sexual Dimorphism: male larger; ornamentation
The lifespan for P. papio is not known. However, P. hamadryas has an average lifespan around 35 years, and a maximum measured lifespan in captivity of 45 years. It is likely that Guinea baboons are similar.
Average lifespan
Status: captivity: 40.0 years.
Average lifespan
Sex: male
Status: captivity: 27.0 years.
Average lifespan
Status: captivity: 25.8 years.
There are few reports regarding the habitat of this species. Guinea baboons have only been studied extensively in one location, the Parc National du Niokolo-Koba in eastern Senegal. This park is located at the border of Sudan-type savanna and Guinea-type savanna.
The Mont Assirik area of the Parc, where P. papio has been studied, is topographically complex. Steep sided valleys radiate from Mont Assirik. Thin stripss of gallery forest are found along the seasonal watercourses, but comprize less than 5% of the available habitat. There are some permanent water pools located deep in these valleys.
In addition to gallery forest, vegetative cover in the area includes both deciduous woodland and bamboo (42%), with the remainder of the land covered by non-wood vegetation. These non-wooded areas vary seasonally, sometimes having very tall grasses, and at other times of the year being burned to the ground, creating very bare, open habitat.
Habitat Regions: tropical
Terrestrial Biomes: savanna or grassland ; forest ; rainforest
Other Habitat Features: agricultural
Papio papio is found in a small portion of western equatorial Africa. These animals are found in parts of Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, and Senegal, with some popuations known in Mauretania and Mali.
This species is part of a complex of closely related African baboon species. We have an account of the whole genus under Papio.
Biogeographic Regions: ethiopian (Native )
Baboons are omnivorous primates, subsisting often on roots, tubers, bulbs and corms of grasses. They will eat meat when it is available.
In a study of captive animals, various fruits were presented to a Guinea baboon, and the portion of the fruit eaten was recorded. The animal was most inclined to eat the seeds of these fruits, although other portions of fruits, such as the pericarp and the flesh, were also consumed.
When processing seeds to eat, the Guinea baboon and other Cercopithecine monkeys tested used their molars to puncture and then to crush the seeds. Researchers think that this may indicate that the strongly bilophodont molars of cercopithecine primates may be an adaptation to seed predation.
Animal Foods: birds; mammals; eggs; insects
Plant Foods: leaves; roots and tubers; seeds, grains, and nuts; fruit; flowers
Primary Diet: omnivore
Guinea baboons probably play a role in soil aeration through the digging of corms, roots, and tubers. They are likely to disperse the seeds of the fruits and grains that they eat. Baboons provide food for their predators, may impact populations of small animals on which they sometimes feed.
Ecosystem Impact: disperses seeds; soil aeration
Baboons are used extensively in medical and behavioral research. In addition, they are often housed in zoos, allowing many people to be entertained by their antics.
Positive Impacts: ecotourism ; research and education
Guinea baboons are known to harbor the trematodes which cause schistisomiasis in humans. Although nothing has been specifically reported for Guinea baboons, other species of baboons are known to raid crops. Baboons are large animals, and they are known to bite to defend themselves if cornered.
Negative Impacts: injures humans (bites or stings, carries human disease); crop pest
IUCN lists Guinea baboons as lower risk/near threatened. Other agencies do no list this species. It is possible that taxonomic difficulties within the genus Papio are responsible for the failure of other agencies to list these baboons.
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: appendix ii
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: near threatened
Guinea baboons are highly communicative animals. They communicate with one another using a variety of vocalizations and physcial interactions. In addition to vocalizations to one another, these animals have vocal communications apparently intended to be received and interpreted by predators.
In Senegal, Guinea baboons are especially vocal. Their high rate of calling provides researchers with an excellent opportunity to test the function of various vocalizations.
Among the vocalizations made by P. papio are several loud calls, which can be heard at great distance, as well as some softer calls, generally used in more intimate contexts. What follows is a summary of different types of calls and the animals within the troop who make them.
All age and sex classes except infants give a loud call known as a wahoo bark. Adult males have a sterotyped version of this call, sometimes called a Type 2 loud call. In addition to this loud call, there are sharp barks--explosive single phrased calls given by all individuals except infants. Adult males are known to make Type 1 loud calls, or roar-grunts. These consist of a low hum, followed by a series of loud, deep grunts, which become lower in pitch and further apart as the series of grunts progresses.
In addition to loud calls, Guinea baboons are known to make several types of grunting vocalizations. Deep grunts, which are apparently given only by adult males, are long, low grunts, which have fluctuating pitch and volume. Rapid grunts, given by all animals except infants, are a quick, continuous series of grunts. Two-phase grunts are produced on both inhalation and exhalation. Two-phased grunts are loud, and are made in a rapid series by all animals except infants. Finally, copulation grunts are given by estrus females after copulation. These vocalizations consist of a loud grunt followed by a series of more quiet grunts.
A vocalization called a geck is given by all age and sex classes, including infants. Gecks are brief, sharp vocalizations which are given either in a rapid series or singly. Infants make a sheeplike moan, starting low and rising in pitch.
The fuctions of these calls has been analyzed by examining the context and habitats in which they are given. Three main sorts of contexts of calling are evident for Guinea baboons: Nocturnal volleys, intergroup coordination, and agonistic disturbances.
During the night, nocturnal volleys of adult male loud calls are apparently provoked by the sounds of predators such as lions, leopards, and hyaenas, or by the sound of other baboon groups making such nocturnal calls. Chains of volleys ring through the forest, in an apparent chain reaction to an initial stimulus. These volleys include type 1 and type 2 loud calls. The baboons making the calls do not move from their sleeping sites.
One possible function for nocturnal volleys is that the calls are designed to advertize to predators the number of adult male baboons present in a sleeping site, possibly indicating the strength of the defense against a predator which the group could muster. However, in one observation a lion approached a Guinea baboon sleeping site, passing directly below the tree where the baboons were reposing. As the lion approached, the volley of calls gradually decreased until the baboons were silent. The calls increased again as the lion moved away. This may indicate either that the baboons were too afraid to keep up their calls when in close proximity to the predator, or that the strategy of deterence had failed, and so the baboons were reduced to a secondary strategy of remaining cryptic, hoping the predator would pass them by.
Vocalizations are also used in coordinating group movements. Double-phase barks, type 2 loud calls, and single phase barks all increased in frequency when a group was undergoing fission, fusion, or passing by another group. Such increased calling rates may help baboons to avoid separation in thick vegetation. When separated, peaks of barking may help the animals maintain contact so that subgroups can rejoin one another.
Because of the high density of baboons in the area of study near Mont Assirik, groups of baboons frequently encounter one another during the course of the day. Sometimes these groups will fuse. Groups known to have slept in different locations are known to occasionally fuse, and so calls may be an important means by which different groups identify one another.
Papio papio tends to feed in small groups of 5 to 10 animals while using areas of tall grass. In other habitats, baboons typically take pains to maintain much larger group sizes. When the baboons are done using tall grass habitat, the foraging parties regroup efficiently, using bark calls to coordinate the reunion.
The final major context of calls is during agonistic disturbances. During intragroup agonism, wahoo and sharp barks cluster with screams and gecks. These latter calls are associated with submission and fear. Rapid grunting is also common in this context, and may be associated with branch-shaking displays, attacks, and threats. Roargrunts, or type 1 loud calls, are often given after aggression.
In addition to this impressive array of vocal communications, P. papio exhibits tactile communication. Grooming is common in all primates, and is an apparent indicator of social bonds between individuals. Various forms of touching are also important in greetings, with mounting, presenting of the rump, and even touching of the genitals sometimes plays a role. The intensity of these greetings is associated with the bond between individuals.
Although not reported for Guinea baboons, some chemical communication is known to occur in other species of Papio. Female baboons are known to produce aliphatic acids when they are in estrous, apparently enhancing their sexual attractiveness to males. It is possible that Guinea baboon females produce similar scent cues.
Communication Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical
Although most people probably don't like to think about it, baboons provide important habitat to various parasites for whom they serve as hosts. McGrew et al., 1989, examined the intestinal parasites found in Guinea baboons of Mont Assirik. They found nematodes, trematodes, and protozoans infesting P. papio. Details on rates of infection within the population are given below. It is not know what cost to the health of the baboons such parasite infestation imposes.
The nematodes found in Guinea baboons included Strongyloides sp., Physaloptera sp., Trichuris sp., Streptophargus sp., and Necator sp. Each of these parasites was present in between 26 and 38 per cent of the animals assessed.
McGrew et al. found Schistosoma mansoni, and Stingeodea sp. in 23 and 44 per cent of the populations, respectively. These trematodes are important disease agents. This may be the first report of S. mansoni in free living Guinea baboons, in which the life cycle and transmission of the parasite occurs independently of humans. Interestingly, the baboons apparently show several unique behaviors which would help then to avoid infecion by the water-borne S. mansoni. For example, they drink in shorter bouts than is normally seen in baboons, and they use non-flowing water sources rather than flowing water sources.
Finally, the population of Guinea baboons near Mont Assirik showed a high level of infection with protozoans. Balantidium coli, Iodamoeba buetschlii and Endamoeba coli were found in 72, 38, and 87 per cent of individuals sampled.
P. papio is the most poorly known of all the Papio species. Perhaps because the habitat of Guinea baboons allows poor visibility, much is unknown about these monkeys.
The social organization of P. papio appears to be multi-leveled, much like that of hamadryas baboons. The basic unit of social organization is the OMU, or One Male Unit, comprized of a single adult male, adult females, juveniles, and sometimes subadult males. These OMUs may aggregate into higher order associations for travel through areas where there is a high risk of predation, and at sleeping sites. Unlike males of P. hamadryas, male Guinea baboons do not aggressively "herd" their females, although males do control the movements of the groups.
Although it has been proposed that adult males may be able to restrict the sexual access which other males have to females in their OMUs, multiple males, both adult and subadult, have been observed to mate with the same female. In these observations, adult males were reported to be uncompetitive and apparently tolerant of one another.
If such noncompetitive, polygynadrous mating is the rule in this species, P. papio would be an outlier within the genus. Most baboons can be characterized as exhibiting a great deal of intermale competition for access to reproductive females. In other baboons, this competition results either in the formation of single male harem units, as is the case with hamadryas baboons, or temporary consortships between males and estrous females, during which the male maintains exclusive reproductive access to the female, as commonly seen in the other species of baboons.
It should be noted that the observations of Guinea baboons mating occurred while the baboons were in their sleeping trees (Dunbar and Nathan, 1972). These trees tend to be very tall, and, as there is a real risk of dying as a result of a fall, it may be that the location of the observed copulations, rather than the especial tolerance of the males, may be responsible for the lack of competition seen between males in that study. Further, it is not clear from the reports of these matings whether the males who mated with the same female belonged to the same OMU. There are no data available regarding the extent to which sexual access to females may be restricted by the males or by the females themselves, as they approach ovulation. Further research on the mating behavior of P. papio would help to clarify the reproductive significance of the OMU.
Paucity of data regarding long-term relationships between individually identified Guinea baboons prevents speculation on how males or females choose their mates. In other species of baboons, subgroups within a troop are often formed for reproductive purposes, such as the OMUs seen in hamadryas baboons, or the consortships seen in anubis, yellow, and chacma baboons. If the OMU of Guinea baboons have reproductive significance, as is likely, it is not known what criteria females may use in joining one male versus another.
Mating System: polygynous ; polygynandrous (promiscuous)
There is virtually no information available for reproduction in this species. Harvey, Martin, and Clutton-Brock (1987) report that the gestation period for Guinea baboons is 184 days, and the interbirth interval is 423 days.
In captivity, females experience the first swelling of their sexual skin at a mean age of 3.8 years. The sexual swelling lasts for an average of 13.2 days. The female cycle length is 29.3 days. First pregnancy occurs at the mean age of 4.3 years. The timing of such events is typically accelerated in captive animals compared to their wild counterparts. There are no data available on the timing of reproductive maturity in males of this species, although in other baboons, males reach reproductive maturity around 60 to 74 months of age.
Females apparently advertize their sexual condition through changes in the color and shape of the skin surrounding the ano-genital region. The pink skin of the ano-genital region becomes swollen and rounded as the female approaches ovulation. This swelling typically lasts about 13.2 days. During the rest of the cycle, the skin in the ano-genital area is flat with a wrinked texture.
The skin surrounding the ischial callosities is black in young females, but during pregnancy can undergo rapid changes in color (termed a "color waltz") before settling into a permanent dark pink color. Older females tend to show a less pronounced "color waltz" at the beginning of pregnancy, and are more likely to have pink or dark pink skin surrounding their ischial callosities at times other than during pregnancy.
Although no data are available for P. papio, anubis baboons (P. anubis) wean their young around 420 days of age. Young of other baboon species become independent sometime after weaning, although the mother may continue to carry, groom, and otherwise help her offspring after that time. It is reasonable to assume that the same is true of Guinea baboons.
In other species of baboons, there are specific patterns of dispersal of males and females which are important in structuring the social system. For example, in hamadryas baboons, females leave their natal groups and each becomes part of a social unit controlled by a single adult male. In yellow and olive baboons, females remain in their natal groups for life and maintain long-term bonds with their female kin. The social stucture of the group revolves around the kin relationships of the females, with particular matrilines holding stable positions in a dominance heirarchy. In these species, male baboons emigrate into new social groups, and must establish themselves in the dominance heriarchy of those groups.
It is not known whether P. papio is a male-transfer or a female-transfer species, just as it is not known whether there is a stable female core to Guinea baboon OMUs. The stability of OMUs through time has not been examined, and the kin relationships between males whose OMUs associate with one another are not known. Further research on the emigration patterns of these baboons would help to clarify a great deal about the social structure and reproductive behavior of this species.
Breeding interval: Although the breeding interval of Guinea baboons has not been reported, it is probably like other baboons, with females producing young every 1.5 to 2 years.
Breeding season: Most baboon species are capable of reproducing throughout the year.
Average number of offspring: 1.
Average gestation period: 184 days.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 4.3 years.
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; year-round breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization ; viviparous
Little is known about the parental care exhibited by this species. However, in other baboons, the mother performs the bulk of parental care. This parental care is substantial, as the young baboon cannot walk or climb on its own. The mother grooms her offspring, carries it, and provides it with nourishing milk. The age of weaning for P. anubis is around 420 days, and it is likely that P. papio is similar.
In other baboon species, males play some role in parental care. In hamadryas baboons, where only one male mates with the females in the social group, the father sometimes holds, carries, or shares meat with his offspring. In other species of baboon, males respond to some infants within the troop in a similar fashion. These infants are usually the offspring of females with whom the male has a long-term friendship, and are therefore likely to be be the offspring of the male. Adult males and infants in P. papio have been observed to associate with one another, with the OMU leader sometimes carrying and grooming the infants and juveniles of his OMU. It is not known at this time whether the OMU leader is the likely father of these offspring.
Because the social system of these animals is still poorly understood, it is not known whether animals continue to associate with parents of either sex after independence. In P. hamadryas, adult male relatives have life-long associations. In P. anubis, P. cynocephalus, and P. ursinus, females are known to interact with their female kin throughout their lives. In these latter species, females inherit a dominance rank immediately below that of their mother. Further research on the social structure of P. papio will allow assessment of the inheritance of rank in this species, and help to clarify questions regarding the extent of parental care in this species.
Parental Investment: altricial ; pre-fertilization (Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Male, Female); pre-independence (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Male, Female); extended period of juvenile learning
Guinea baboons (Papio papio) are the least researched of all baboons, but this is what we know of these apparently gentle creatures.
Guinea baboons are the smallest among the baboon species, and weigh between 13 and 26 kg. Like other baboon species, males are much larger than females. They have beautiful reddish-brown coats, with great variation in different parts, with the baboons in the west having lighter, strikingly red fur and the ones in east darker and more brownish fur. Interestingly, Guinea baboons have the same colour pelage on their backs, arms, cheeks and abdomen, something that does not occur in other baboons, although the skin on their face is purple black, and their bums pink. Males also have manes, although it is not as distinct as the manes of hamadryas.
Guinea baboons can be found in western equatorial Africa, in parts of Guinea, Guinea-Bissau and Senegal. Some have also been found in Mauritania and Mali. They prefer savannah, woodlands and Sahelian steppe, but also inhabit forests.
Papio papioeat a variety of plants, including roots, seeds, fruit, tubers and flowers, but would occasionally eat invertebrates as well as vertebrates if available. Researchers have also recently discovered that Guinea baboons enter caves to lick the walls, possibly to obtain essential salt.
These baboons seem to be the least aggressive of the species, and rather than using aggression, male baboons herd the troop using a combination of shaking, jumping and prancing to change the direction, as well as running to speed up the movement.
Guinea baboons sleep in large trees as night to avoid predators, some of which so large that the only way to access them is by leaping from cliffs or nearby trees. They also tend to sleep as far from the tree trunk as possible, rather than using the trunk of the tree to brace themselves like other baboons.
Something interesting about these baboons when facing danger: Apart from giving a volley of calls at night when predators approach, to alert predators of the presence of adult males, when predators are very close, the baboons will become nearly silent until the predator has passed the sleeping site. Clever baboons!
On the IUCN Red List,Papio papiois listed as Near Threatened, mainly because they have undergone widespread decline as a result of agricultural expansion, tree-felling as well as direct hunting for crop protection and as bush meat. Once again, humans seem to be the biggest threat of all.
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Babouz Ginea (Papio papio) a zo ur marmouz eus kornôg Afrika (Ginea, Ginea Bissau, Senegal, Gambia, Maouritania ha Mali).
70 cm eo hirder e gorf ha 60 cm hini e lost. War-dro 17 kg eo e bouez. Ar babouz bihanañ eo.
En em vagañ a ra diwar gwrizioù, larvennoù, vioù ha produioù gounezet gant an den.
Tiriad Babouz Ginea Babouz Ginea (Papio papio) a zo ur marmouz eus kornôg Afrika (Ginea, Ginea Bissau, Senegal, Gambia, Maouritania ha Mali).
El papió de Guina (Papio papio) és una espècie de papió, un primat catarí de la família dels Micos del Vell Món de l'Àfrica occidental. Viu a Guinea, el Senegal, Gàmbia, el sud de Mauritània i l'oest de Mali.
El papió de Guina (Papio papio) és una espècie de papió, un primat catarí de la família dels Micos del Vell Món de l'Àfrica occidental. Viu a Guinea, el Senegal, Gàmbia, el sud de Mauritània i l'oest de Mali.
Pavián guinejský (Papio papio) (angl. Guinea Baboon) je úzkonosý primát z čeledi kočkodanovití. Žije v Guineji, Mali, Mauretánii, Senegalu a v Sierra Leone. Tento druh se vyskytuje ve stále zelených lesostepích a galeriových lesích. Je jediným z rodu Papio, který prožívá část života na stromech.
U dospělého samce délka těla dosahuje 60 až 75 cm a ocasu 40 až 60 cm. Hmotnost se pohybuje mezi 13 až 26 kg. Samice jsou menšího vzrůstu a menší hmotnosti (poloviční vůči samci). Jsou ze všech paviánů nejmenší. Jejich srst je hnědá s červeným nádechem. Zbarvení se liší, druhy na západě mají červenou barvu výraznější, směrem na východ se více prosazuje barva tmavě hnědá. Samci mají hřívu od hlavy až do půli těla. Čenich není ostrý a oproti ostatním paviánům se jeví baňatější. Obličej mají krémové až pastelové barvy, u samců může být zbarven dohněda. Samci mají větší špičáky a nadočnicové oblouky. Dospělý jedinec má 32 zubů. Genitální oblast je růžová až červená, v období páření se u samic probarvuje do ruda v důsledku zvýšeného prokrvení.
Podle potravy se řadí mezi všežravce. Jedí plody, oddenky, traviny, kořínky, hlízy, vejce, hmyz a menší obratlovce. Z plodů často vyjídají semena. Jelikož jsou limitováni svou velikostí, nemohou lézt na menší porosty, ze kterých by sbírali plody. Tuto situaci řeší skoky na rostlinu z silnějších stromů, nebo ze skalisek.
Sdružují se do početných smíšených skupin s několika samci a samicemi o počtu 30 až 90 zvířat, popřípadě do skupin tvořených jedním dominantním samcem, jeho harémem a dospívajícími potomky. Větší komunity jsou utvářeny na delší dobu pouze jako obranná formace, popřípadě z důvodu nedostatku potravních zdrojů. Největší zaznamenaná formace čítala 750 jedinců. I když samice nejsou vystaveny fyzickému útlaku od samce, jsou hlídány a nátlak spočívá především v posuncích. Rodinný vztah ve skupině je matrilineární, to znamená, že mladé samice ve skupině zůstávají ale většina mladých samců odchází do jiné tlupy nebo si vytvářejí vlastní skupinky.
Jejich aktivita je pouze denní, pohybují po čtyřech končetinách. Přes noc spí na velkých stromech. Matky s mláďaty spí na okrajích větví, samci blíže kmenu či na silnějších větvích. Jedná se svým způsobem o obranu potomstva během spánků. Predátor, který by na strom vylezl, narazí nejprve na samce. Tím se zvyšují šance na přežití potomstva. Před úsvitem nejdříve vstávají mladí jedinci, následně matky s dětmi a poslední pak dominantní samec. Celá tlupa se pak přesouvá na pastvu. Tam dochází k rozpadu tlupy na menší jednotky a k rozchodu až na jednotlivé jedince. Ani v tomto okamžiku spolu neztrácejí kontakt a velmi hlučně mezi sebou komunikují.
Vzájemná komunikace hraje pro paviány guinejské významnou roli. Dorozumívají se mezi sebou na vzdálenosti čítající několik set metrů. Tento způsob komunikace má ovšem nevýhodu v prozrazení své přítomnosti dravcům. Tento druh paviána dovede vydávat zvuk při nádechu i výdechu. Nejčastějšími důvody ke zvukovému projevu jsou skupinové koordinace a noční hlídky před dravci. Noční projevy mají působit odstrašujícím dojmem. Pokud se predátor nedal zastrašit a nadále se přibližuje, paviáni ztichnou a čekají, zda je šelma mine. Do nejznámějších projevů optické komunikace patří upřený pohled, často doprovázený ceněním špičáků. K nejčastějším projevům dotekové komunikace patří péče o srst, případně dotýkání se nosy. Pouze u tohoto druhu se vyskytuje komunikace mezi samci, kdy jistou formou pozdravu a důvěry je vzájemné uchopení genitálií. Nejedná se útok, ale o projev podřízenosti.
Samice se páří s jedním i více samci většinou na odpočinkovém stromě. Často přitom dochází k zápasům a pádům ze stromu, v boji o potomstvo vítězí nejšikovnější samec. Období říje trvá 29 dnů. Po 170 až 173 dnech se zpravidla rodí jedno mládě tmavě hnědého zbarvení, vážící asi 550 až 800 g. Po narození je zcela závislé na matce do doby, než začne přecházet na běžnou stravu a než se začne samo pohybovat. Odstaveno od mateřského mléka je za 13 až 15 měsíců od narození. Délka intervalů mezi porody je průměrně 14 měsíců. Péči o mláďata zajišťují hlavně matky, otcové své potomstvo chrání před nebezpečím. V případě úmrtí matky kdy je mládě závislé na mléce, a je-li v jeho tlupě samice s laktací, otec jí předává sirotka ke kojení. U tohoto druhu nejsou známé případy zabíjení mláďat. Samice, která přijde o mládě, je rychleji připravena k páření.
Paviáni guinejští se stávají se kořistí levhartů, hyen, lvů a lidí. Jsou hostitelé různých parazitů, jenž mohou být nebezpeční i pro člověka. Jedná se například o hlístice rodu Strongyloides, Physaloptera, Streptophargus, Trichuris a Necator, které byly nalezeny ve třetině populace. Asi dvě třetiny populace je infikováno prvoky Balantidium coli (vakovka lidská), Iodamoeba buetschlii a Endamoeba coli. Paviáni guinejští se ve volné přírodě dožívají průměrné 35 a v zajetí 45 let.
Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu pavián guinejský ve Wikimedia Commons
Pavián guinejský (Papio papio) (angl. Guinea Baboon) je úzkonosý primát z čeledi kočkodanovití. Žije v Guineji, Mali, Mauretánii, Senegalu a v Sierra Leone. Tento druh se vyskytuje ve stále zelených lesostepích a galeriových lesích. Je jediným z rodu Papio, který prožívá část života na stromech.
Guineabavianen også kaldet den røde bavian (Papio papio) er en bavianart i slægten savannebavianer. Den når en længde på 69 cm, dertil en hale på 56 cm og vejer op til 17,5 kg. Dyrene lever i et lille område i det vestlige Afrika i landene Guinea, Senegal, Gambia, det sydlige Mauretanien og det vestlige Mali. Guineabavianen er den mindste bavianart.
Der Guinea-Pavian (Papio papio), auch Sphinx- oder Roter Pavian genannt, ist eine Primatenart aus der Gattung der Paviane innerhalb der Familie der Meerkatzenverwandten (Cercopithecidae).
Guinea-Paviane gehören zu den kleineren Pavianarten. Sie haben ein rötlich-braunes Fell und ein haarloses, dunkelviolettes oder schwarzes Gesicht mit der typischen langgezogenen Pavianschnauze. Die Männchen tragen auf ihrem Kopf und Schultern eine mähnenartige Behaarung.
Guinea-Paviane bewohnen ein kleines Gebiet im westlichen Afrika. Ihr Verbreitungsgebiet umfasst Guinea, Senegal, Gambia, das südliche Mauretanien und das westlichen Mali. Ihr Lebensraum sind Savannen und lichte Wälder.
Über die Lebensweise der Guinea-Paviane ist verglichen mit anderen Pavianarten wenig bekannt. Sie sind tagaktiv und halten sich häufig am Boden auf, klettern zur Nachtruhe jedoch meist auf Bäume. Das Vorhandensein geeigneter Ruhebäume limitiert die Gruppengröße und das Verbreitungsgebiet. Laut Beobachtungen von Forschenden vom Deutschen Primatenzentrum in Göttingen leben Guinea-Paviane in gemischten Gruppen, wobei die Friedfertigkeit der Männchen untereinander im Gegensatz zu anderen Pavianarten einzigartig ist.[1]
Wie alle Paviane sind sie Allesfresser, die Früchte, Knospen, Wurzeln, Insekten und kleine Säugetiere zu sich nehmen.
Auch über die Fortpflanzung ist wenig bekannt. Nach einer rund 180-tägigen Tragzeit bringt das Weibchen in der Regel ein einzelnes Jungtier zur Welt.
Aufgrund ihres kleinen Verbreitungsgebietes und des Verlustes ihres Lebensraumes werden Guinea-Paviane als gering gefährdet eingestuft.
Der Guinea-Pavian (Papio papio), auch Sphinx- oder Roter Pavian genannt, ist eine Primatenart aus der Gattung der Paviane innerhalb der Familie der Meerkatzenverwandten (Cercopithecidae).
The Guinea baboon (Papio papio) is a baboon from the Old World monkey family. Some (older) classifications list only two species in the genus Papio, this one and the hamadryas baboon. In those classifications, all other Papio species are considered subspecies of P. papio and the species is called the savanna baboon.
The Guinea baboon inhabits a small area in western Africa. Its range includes Guinea, Senegal, Gambia, southern Mauritania and western Mali. Its habitat includes dry forests, gallery forests, and adjoining bush savannas or steppes. It has reddish-brown hair, a hairless, dark-violet or black face with the typical dog-like muzzle, which is surrounded by a small mane, and a tail carried in a round arc. It also has limb modifications that allow it to walk long distances on the ground. The Guinea baboon is one of the smallest baboon species, weighing between 13 and 26 kg (28.6–57 lbs). Their life spans are generally between 20 and 50 years.
It is a diurnal and terrestrial animal, but sleeps in trees or high rocks at night, away from predators. The number of suitable sleeping trees limits the group size and the range. It lives in troops of up to 200 individuals, each with a set place in a hierarchy. Group living provides protection from predators such as the lion and various hyena species. Like all baboons, it is an omnivorous highly opportunistic feeder, eating fruits, buds, roots, bark, grasses, greens, seeds, tubers, leaves, nuts, cereals, insects, worms, birds and small mammals. Because it will eat practically anything available, the Guinea baboon is able to occupy areas with limited resources or harsh conditions. Its presence may help improve habitats because it digs for water and spreads seeds in its waste, encouraging plant growth.
The Guinea baboon is a highly communicative animal. It communicates by using a variety of vocalizations and physical interactions. In addition to vocalizations to each other, this animal has vocal communications apparently intended to be received and interpreted by predators.
Due to its small range and the loss of its habitat, the Guinea baboon is classified as "near threatened" by the IUCN.
Baboon refers to the large-bodied primates with marked sexual dimorphism and having females and young that are dependent on males for protection.[3] Guinean baboons have a red tone to their fur, and are sometimes referred to as the red baboon. They lack hair on their hindquarters, and their faces are black with yellow-brown sideburns. Females' rumps are pink in color and males have a mane of fur around their heads and shoulders. A characteristic feature of baboons is their long molars and broad incisors. The long canines are evidence of sexual dimorphism in baboon species. Their forelimbs and hindlimbs are nearly equal in length and their digits on their hands and feet are relatively short and stout, making it difficult for them to climb.[4]
Baboons are one of the largest groups of monkeys and are sexually dimorphic in body size (meaning the males and females have differing body sizes).[4] They can range in weight from 13 and 26 kg (28–57 lbs), making them among the smallest of the baboon species.
Generally found in woodland savannas, Guinea baboons seasonally congregate near permanent water sources, breaking off in the wet season into smaller groups. Although baboon species are all allopatric, some of their ranges do overlap, and interbreeding does occasionally occur.[4] These baboons are found in a wide range across Africa in savannah habitats including Guinea, Senegal, Gambia, southern Mauritania and western Mali. Most typically they are in the savannah and forests of sub-Saharan Africa. They can also be found in grasslands, rain forests, and other open areas.[4]
Guinea baboons are diurnal, living on the ground instead of in trees, and typically sleep in trees at the terminal ends of branches.[5] Their group size is widely variable and ranges from 30 to 200. However, the most common troop size is 30–40 individuals. Often, a pronounced male hierarchy and fierce competition for females happens within the group. This competition leads to sexual dimorphism among the species.[4] When it comes to feeding, they are independent foragers, and females are always paired with males when foraging so they can be protected. Females may choose to follow the same males from year to year.[3]
Like other baboon species, Guinea baboons will eat any available foods, but their main sources are fruits, roots, tubers, grass, seeds and leaves. They also will eat insects, worms, spiders, small mammals, birds and invertebrates.[4]
Socially, Guinea baboons have more in common with Hamadryas baboons than other baboon species, living in one male units, consisting of one dominant male, several females and juveniles, and often a follower male. These groups are usually small, but join with larger groups to form a troop; these groups sleep or forage together. The Guinean troops are large multiple-male, multiple-female troops with 50–300 baboons. The harems consist of two to five females which mate with the dominant male.[6] However, despite their similarities, Guinea baboon social behaviour has a few noticeable differences from that of Hamadryas baboons. Male guinea baboons are not as rigidly dominant as hamadryas baboon males, and unlike female Hamadryas baboons, female guinea baboons exert a more active role in leading the group.[7] Males are also unusually tolerant of one another, and there is very little aggression in this species. Unusually for Baboons(and old world monkeys in general), Guinea baboons also share food.[8] Guinea baboon troops are very fluid in their structure, as female guinea baboons sometimes spend lengthy periods of time away from males in temporary, all-female groups, and several males may gather together and cooperate with one another with little bickering. This flexibility has led some to compare guinea baboon behaviour to that of early human ancestors.[9]
Males frequently use reconciliation gestures to reduce male-male aggression and encourage cooperation, allowing troops to grow to large size and adapt to different circumstances.[9] While male Hamadryas baboons forcibly acquire females for their harems by kidnapping them and utilizing neck-bites to condition them to stay near, female guinea baboons select males at their own leisure, males typically using facial expressions and gestures to guide their movement and grooming them to win over their loyalty. In Guinea baboons, Harem masters are noticeably less strict with their female consorts than Hamadryas baboon harem masters. Female Guinea baboons not only fraternize with females from other harems but even other males without being reprimanded by their male consort. Females approach males to initiate mating behaviour as they please and even mate with more than one male (although they mate with the harem master the most), a far cry from the more "faithful" female Hamadryas baboons. As seen in chimpanzees, Olive baboons and various macaque species, this promiscuity most likely is practiced to hide the paternity of their infants as a counter strategy against male infanticide, which occurs in Hamadryas baboons but hasn't yet been observed in Guinea baboons (although male guinea baboons have been observed temporarily kidnapping then returning infants). Competition for females between males is noticeably reduced or absent.[10]
Unlike Hamadryas baboons and some other species, Guinea baboons are not very good climbers and favor trees, rather than high rocks or cliffs for sleeping. The more dominant males sleep on the heavier, thicker branches near the trunk of the tree and lower ranking members and juveniles sleep on the smaller and weaker branches further from the trunk. During daylight hours, they spend the majority of their time foraging on the ground, running along in quadrupedal patterns.[3] [4]
The Guinea baboons have a host of vocal, visual, and tactile communications. Their several vocal calls each convey several different messages, and consist of predator warnings, signaling friendly intentions, submissive calls, and anger or frustration vocalizations. Many of these calls can be used in combination with either each other or with some other form of visual or tactile communication. Visual communications serve many of the same purposes as the vocal calls, and are often accompanied by some sort of vocal call. Lower ranking animals appease more dominant ones with an "Ack ack" vocalization and "Wahoo" alarm calls are uttered if a threat presents itself. Tactile communication is usually tied to visual communication and can range from mouth-to-mouth touching to biting or slapping.[11] Male Guinea baboons are unlike other baboons species, as they form intimate friendships with other males, fondling each other's genitals as a gesture of greeting, as well as mounting each other and huddling together.[12]
Female Guinea baboons exhibit sexual swelling that begins about 10 to 12 days before it peaks and remains consistent for about eight days afterwards. Females then participate in the social behavior of presenting, which is when she signals to the males in the group she is ready for copulation.[11]
The mean gestation period is about six months and nursing continues until about six to eight months.[11] Females rebuff a male's advances by shrieking at him and often climbing up a tree.
The Guinea baboon (Papio papio) is a baboon from the Old World monkey family. Some (older) classifications list only two species in the genus Papio, this one and the hamadryas baboon. In those classifications, all other Papio species are considered subspecies of P. papio and the species is called the savanna baboon.
The Guinea baboon inhabits a small area in western Africa. Its range includes Guinea, Senegal, Gambia, southern Mauritania and western Mali. Its habitat includes dry forests, gallery forests, and adjoining bush savannas or steppes. It has reddish-brown hair, a hairless, dark-violet or black face with the typical dog-like muzzle, which is surrounded by a small mane, and a tail carried in a round arc. It also has limb modifications that allow it to walk long distances on the ground. The Guinea baboon is one of the smallest baboon species, weighing between 13 and 26 kg (28.6–57 lbs). Their life spans are generally between 20 and 50 years.
It is a diurnal and terrestrial animal, but sleeps in trees or high rocks at night, away from predators. The number of suitable sleeping trees limits the group size and the range. It lives in troops of up to 200 individuals, each with a set place in a hierarchy. Group living provides protection from predators such as the lion and various hyena species. Like all baboons, it is an omnivorous highly opportunistic feeder, eating fruits, buds, roots, bark, grasses, greens, seeds, tubers, leaves, nuts, cereals, insects, worms, birds and small mammals. Because it will eat practically anything available, the Guinea baboon is able to occupy areas with limited resources or harsh conditions. Its presence may help improve habitats because it digs for water and spreads seeds in its waste, encouraging plant growth.
The Guinea baboon is a highly communicative animal. It communicates by using a variety of vocalizations and physical interactions. In addition to vocalizations to each other, this animal has vocal communications apparently intended to be received and interpreted by predators.
Due to its small range and the loss of its habitat, the Guinea baboon is classified as "near threatened" by the IUCN.
El papión de Guinea (Papio papio) es una especie de primate catarrino de la familia Cercopithecidae del África occidental.
El papión de Guinea (Papio papio) es una especie de primate catarrino de la familia Cercopithecidae del África occidental.
Papio papio Papio generoko animalia da. Primateen barruko Cercopithecinae azpifamilia eta Cercopithecidae familian sailkatuta dago
Papio papio Papio generoko animalia da. Primateen barruko Cercopithecinae azpifamilia eta Cercopithecidae familian sailkatuta dago
Sfinksipaviaani (Papio papio) on Afrikan länsiosissa elävä paviaanilaji. Sfinksipaviaani on viidestä paviaanilajista pienikokoisin. Sen vartalon pituus on 69 senttimetriä, hännän pituus 56 senttimetriä ja paino 17,5 kilogrammaa. Lajin uroksella on pitkä harja, joka ulottuu melkein takapuoleen asti. Sfinksipaviaanin ruokavalio on paviaaniksikin monipuolinen: se syö esimerkiksi juuria, toukkia, munia, lihaa ja viljakasveja. Sfinksipaviaanilaumaan kuuluu tavallisimmin 40 yksilöä, joskus jopa 200. [2]
Sfinksipaviaani (Papio papio) on Afrikan länsiosissa elävä paviaanilaji. Sfinksipaviaani on viidestä paviaanilajista pienikokoisin. Sen vartalon pituus on 69 senttimetriä, hännän pituus 56 senttimetriä ja paino 17,5 kilogrammaa. Lajin uroksella on pitkä harja, joka ulottuu melkein takapuoleen asti. Sfinksipaviaanin ruokavalio on paviaaniksikin monipuolinen: se syö esimerkiksi juuria, toukkia, munia, lihaa ja viljakasveja. Sfinksipaviaanilaumaan kuuluu tavallisimmin 40 yksilöä, joskus jopa 200.
Papio papio
Le Babouin de Guinée (Papio papio) est un babouin de la famille des cercopithecidae.
Le babouin de Guinée vit dans une petite région de l'Afrique occidentale. Son aire de répartition s'étend sur la Guinée, le Sénégal, la Gambie, le sud de la Mauritanie et l'ouest du Mali.
Il a un pelage court et brun rougeâtre, un visage violet sombre ou noir avec un museau pointu et une crinière. Le babouin de Guinée est le plus petit des babouins. Il pèse en moyenne quinze kilogrammes.
C'est un animal diurne et terrestre mais dort la nuit en hauteur, dans les arbres. Le nombre d'arbres permettant de se reposer limite donc la taille des groupes d'individus. Peu de choses sont sues sur leurs mœurs mais la gestation dure six mois et la portée est de un petit. Comme tous les babouins, il est omnivore, se nourrissant de fruits, de bourgeons, de racines, insectes et occasionnellement de petits mammifères.
À cause de son semi-endémisme et de la destruction accélérée de son milieu naturel, le babouin de Guinée est classé comme « Quasi menacé » par l'UICN.
Papio papio
Le Babouin de Guinée (Papio papio) est un babouin de la famille des cercopithecidae.
Il babbuino della Guinea (Papio papio Desmarest, 1820) è una scimmia della famiglia dei Cercopitecidi, diffusa in Africa occidentale.[2]
È la più piccola tra le specie del genere Papio: è lunga in media 68 cm, con una coda di circa 50 cm ed un peso medio di 17 kg.
La pelliccia è di colore bruno-rossastro; il muso, che ha la tipica forma canina di tutti i babbuini, è glabro e di colore nero.
È una specie con abitudini diurne, che trascorre la maggior parte del tempo al suolo ma si rifugia di notte sugli alberi.
La sua dieta consiste di frutti, germogli, radici, insetti e piccoli vertebrati.
La gestazione dura circa 6 mesi e si conclude con il parto di un unico cucciolo.
Il suo areale comprende Senegal, Gambia, Mali, Mauritania, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau e Sierra Leone.[1]
La IUCN Red List classifica questa specie come a basso rischio di estinzione.[1]
La specie è inserita nell'Appendice II della Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species (CITES).[3]
Parte del suo areale ricade all'interno del Parco nazionale di Niokolo-Koba (Senegal) e del parco nazionale di Outamba-Kilimi (Sierra Leone).[1]
Il babbuino della Guinea (Papio papio Desmarest, 1820) è una scimmia della famiglia dei Cercopitecidi, diffusa in Africa occidentale.
De bruine baviaan of sfinxbaviaan (Papio papio) is een baviaan uit de familie der apen van de Oude Wereld (Cercopithecidae).
De bruine baviaan komt voor in een smalle strook in het westen van Afrika: Guinee, Senegal, Gambia, het zuiden van Mauritanië en West-Mali.
De bruine baviaan heeft roodachtig bruin haar en een kale, donker-violette of zwarte snuit. De snuit heeft de vorm van die van een hond. Deze baviaan is de kleinste van alle bavianen.
Het is een diurnaal dier dat 's nachts in een boom slaapt. Het aantal bruikbare bomen om in te slapen bepaalt de grootte van de groep. Hoewel er weinig bekend is over het sociale leven van de bruine baviaan, is het waarschijnlijk dat ze in een harem leven. Net als alle bavianen.
Ze eten vrijwel alles, voornamelijk plantaardig voedsel als gras, bollen en knollen. Ook eten ze bladeren, vruchten, zaden en peulen. Ook eten ze dierlijk voedsel, als sprinkhanen, slakken, schorpioenen, honingraten, hagedissen, eieren, vissen en kikkers.
Bavianen steken een weg over in Gambia
Twee bruine bavianen in een wildpark in Engeland
Bavianen in een dierentuin in Frankrijk
De bruine baviaan of sfinxbaviaan (Papio papio) is een baviaan uit de familie der apen van de Oude Wereld (Cercopithecidae).
Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons Pawian gwinejski[3], pawian senegalski[4] (Papio papio) – gatunek ssaka z rodziny koczkodanowatych (Cercopithecidae), najmniejszy z pawianów.
Występuje na zachodnim krańcu Afryki, od Senegalu po Sierra Leone.
Zamieszkuje lasy suche i galeriowe jak również sawannę.
Osiągają długość od 50 do 83 cm. Pokryte rudobrązowym włosem; część twarzowa czarna. Kark i łopatki u samca pokryte długim włosem, tworzą jaśniejszy kaptur. Ogon noszony łukowato; u samic w okresie rui obrzmiewa okolica odbytu i narządów płciowych.
Pawian gwinejski, pawian senegalski (Papio papio) – gatunek ssaka z rodziny koczkodanowatych (Cercopithecidae), najmniejszy z pawianów.
Babuíno-da-Guiné (Papio papio) é uma espécie de babuíno, um macaco do Velho Mundo do gênero Papio. Algumas classificações consideraram apenas duas espécies para ese gênero: P. papio e P. hamadryas. Para essas classificações todas as espécies de babuínos, com exceção de P. hamadryas, são subespécies de P. papio.
P. papio habita uma pequena área da África Ocidental, ocorrendo na Guiné, Senegal, Gâmbia, sul da Mauritânia e oeste de Mali. Vive em florestas secas, florestas de galeria, e estepes. Possui uma pelagem de cor marrom-avermelhada, face sem pelos de cor violeta escura ou preta com um focinho semelhante ao de um cão. Possui modificações nos membros que o permite se locomover por grandes distâncias pelo chão. É a menor espeécie de babuíno, pesando entre 13 e 26 kg. A longevidade está entre 35 e 45 anos de idade.
é um animal diurno e terrestre, mas dorme nas árvores, durante a noite. A quantidade de sítios de dormida disponíveis limita o tamanho do grupo e seu deslocamento. Esses grupos podem ter até 200 indivíduos, como uma hierarquia de dominância. Os bandos providenciam significativa proteção contra ataques de leões e hienas. Como todos os babuínos, são onívoros, e se alimentam de frutos, folhas, insetos, raízes, sementes e pequenos vertebrados. Por conta de sua dieta variável, pode habitar regiões com pouca disponibilidade de alimento.
Se comunica utilizando uma ampla variedade de vocalizações e outras interações físicas. Elas também são utilizadas como forma de alarme contra predadores
Devido à sua distribuição geográfica restrita e desmatamento, é classificado como "quase amaeaçado" pela IUCN.
Babuíno-da-Guiné (Papio papio) é uma espécie de babuíno, um macaco do Velho Mundo do gênero Papio. Algumas classificações consideraram apenas duas espécies para ese gênero: P. papio e P. hamadryas. Para essas classificações todas as espécies de babuínos, com exceção de P. hamadryas, são subespécies de P. papio.
P. papio habita uma pequena área da África Ocidental, ocorrendo na Guiné, Senegal, Gâmbia, sul da Mauritânia e oeste de Mali. Vive em florestas secas, florestas de galeria, e estepes. Possui uma pelagem de cor marrom-avermelhada, face sem pelos de cor violeta escura ou preta com um focinho semelhante ao de um cão. Possui modificações nos membros que o permite se locomover por grandes distâncias pelo chão. É a menor espeécie de babuíno, pesando entre 13 e 26 kg. A longevidade está entre 35 e 45 anos de idade.
é um animal diurno e terrestre, mas dorme nas árvores, durante a noite. A quantidade de sítios de dormida disponíveis limita o tamanho do grupo e seu deslocamento. Esses grupos podem ter até 200 indivíduos, como uma hierarquia de dominância. Os bandos providenciam significativa proteção contra ataques de leões e hienas. Como todos os babuínos, são onívoros, e se alimentam de frutos, folhas, insetos, raízes, sementes e pequenos vertebrados. Por conta de sua dieta variável, pode habitar regiões com pouca disponibilidade de alimento.
Se comunica utilizando uma ampla variedade de vocalizações e outras interações físicas. Elas também são utilizadas como forma de alarme contra predadores
Devido à sua distribuição geográfica restrita e desmatamento, é classificado como "quase amaeaçado" pela IUCN.
Röd babian (Papio papio) är en flocklevande, markattartad apa som lever i ett litet område i västra Afrika: Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Senegal, Gambia, södra Mauretanien, västra Mali och norra Sierra Leone.[1]
Arten har rödbrun päls och ett hårlöst, mörkt lila eller svart ansikte omgivet av en liten man (bara hannar). Individer i östra delen av utbredningsområdet är vanligen mörkare rödbruna.[2] Den röda babianen är den minsta av babianerna; den blir 51 till 115 cm lång (huvud och bål), därutöver tillkommer en svans på 45 till 71 cm. Röd babian väger 13 till 26 kg.[2] Nosen är cirka 25 cm lång.
Den röda babianen är dagaktiv och marklevande, men sover uppe i träd. Antalet träd lämpliga att sova i begränsar både flockens storlek och hur långt de vandrar. Mycket litet är känt om den röda babianens levnadssätt. Som alla babianer är den en allätare, som äter frukt, växtskott, rötter, insekter och små däggdjur. Individer av arten observerades när de besökte grottor för att slicka salt från grottornas väggar.[2]
Röd babian lever i savanner, i olika slags skogar och i stäpper nära vattendrag. Flocken har vanligen 10 till 200 medlemmar och när tillgången till föda är bra, som i Niokolo Koba nationalpark, bildas stora flockar med upp till 500 individer.[1]
Liksom hos andra babianer förekommer flockar med en dominant hanne, några underordnade hannar, flera honor och deras ungar. Det sociala beteendet är inte helt utforskat och vissa variationer kan förekomma. Vanligen parar sig bara alfahannen med honorna men ibland får även andra hannar para sig. Den nakna regionen kring honans anus och könsdelar ändrar färg när hon är parningsberedd. Dräktigheten varar ungefär 185 dagar och sedan föds vanligen en unge. Det är inte känt hur länge mödrar av röd babian diar sina ungar men hos andra babianer är det cirka 420 dagar. Honor blir könsmogna tidigt under femte levnadsåret och hannar vid slutet av femte levnadsåret eller under sjätte året.[2]
Eftersom dess utbredningsområde är så litet och dessutom minskande så är den röda babianen klassad av IUCN som nära hotad (NT).[1]
Följande angavs av engelska Wikipedia som källa:
Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Röd babian.
Röd babian (Papio papio) är en flocklevande, markattartad apa som lever i ett litet område i västra Afrika: Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Senegal, Gambia, södra Mauretanien, västra Mali och norra Sierra Leone.
Найдрібніший вид роду. Голова і тіло довжиною від 508 і 1143 мм, хвіст від 456 до 711 мм. Вага в діапазоні від 13 до 26 кг, самці значно більші й важчі. Волосяний покрив червонувато-коричневий зі значною географічною мінливістю. В західній частині діапазону поширення тварини більш світло червоні, у східній частині більш темні й бурі. На відміну від багатьох видів Павіан гвінейський має такий же колір волосяного покриву на спини, руках, щоках і животі. Шкіра обличчя фіолетувато-чорна. Писок витягнутий. Дорослі мають 32 зуба. Ікла великі, особливо у самців.
Країни проживання: Гамбія; Гвінея; Гвінея-Бісау; Малі; Мавританія; Сенегал. Цей вид живе в лісі, савані і Сахелі в межах досяжності води. Також мешкає в галерейному лісі й вторинних лісах на півдні свого ареалу.
Їсть насіння, пагони, коріння, плоди, гриби, безхребетних, дрібних хребетних і яйця. Де сільське господарство розширилось вживає рис, кукурудзу, батат, арахіс та інші культурні рослини. Павіан гвінейський денний, в основному наземний, чотириногий примат. Групи розмірами від 40 до 200 особин. Відомі хижаки: Panthera pardus, Hyaena hyaena, Crocuta crocuta, Panthera leo, Lycaon pictus.
Цей вид має безладну систему спарювання. Існує багато агресії між самцями через конкуренцію за самиць. Середній період вагітності 184 днів. Самиця народжує одне дитинча.
Поза Національним Парком Ніоколо-Коба, цей вид зазнає повсюдного зменшення населення в результаті розширення сільськогосподарських площ, лісоповалів і полювання для захисту сільськогосподарських культур і на м'ясо в Гвінеї. Цей вид захищений у Niokolo-Koba National Park (Сенегал) і Outamba-Kilimi National Park (Сьєрра-Леоне).
Khỉ đầu chó Guinea[2], tên khoa học Papio papio, là một loài khỉ đầu chó trong họ Cercopithecidae, bộ Linh trưởng. Khỉ đầu chó Guinea sinh sống một khu vực nhỏ ở miền tây Châu Phi. Phạm vi của nó bao gồm Guinée, Sénégal, Gambia, miền nam Mauritanie và Tây Mali. Môi trường sống của nó bao gồm rừng khô, và tiếp giáp thảo nguyên cây bụi hoặc thảo nguyên. Khỉ đầu chó Guinea là loài khỉ đầu chó nhỏ nhất, có trọng lượng từ 13 đến 26 kg (28,6-57 lbs). Tuổi thọ của chúng từ 35 đến 45 năm.
Nó là động vật sống ban ngày và trên cạn, nhưng ngủ trên cây vào ban đêm. Nó sống trong đàn lên đến 200 cá thể, mỗi con ở một nơi theo một hệ thống phân cấp. Giống như tất cả khỉ đầu chó, nó ăn tạp, ăn trái cây, chồi, rễ, cỏ, rau, hạt, củ, lá, hạt, ngũ cốc, côn trùng, và động vật có vú nhỏ. Bởi vì nó ăn gần như bất cứ thứ gì có sẵn, nó có thể chiếm cứ các khu vực ít tài nguyên hoặc điều kiện khắc nghiệt. Sự hiện diện của nó có thể giúp cải thiện môi trường sống bởi vì nó đào nước và gieo hát giống qua chất thải, khuyến khích tăng trưởng thực vật.
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Bài viết liên quan đến Bộ Linh trưởng này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Khỉ đầu chó Guinea, tên khoa học Papio papio, là một loài khỉ đầu chó trong họ Cercopithecidae, bộ Linh trưởng. Khỉ đầu chó Guinea sinh sống một khu vực nhỏ ở miền tây Châu Phi. Phạm vi của nó bao gồm Guinée, Sénégal, Gambia, miền nam Mauritanie và Tây Mali. Môi trường sống của nó bao gồm rừng khô, và tiếp giáp thảo nguyên cây bụi hoặc thảo nguyên. Khỉ đầu chó Guinea là loài khỉ đầu chó nhỏ nhất, có trọng lượng từ 13 đến 26 kg (28,6-57 lbs). Tuổi thọ của chúng từ 35 đến 45 năm.
Nó là động vật sống ban ngày và trên cạn, nhưng ngủ trên cây vào ban đêm. Nó sống trong đàn lên đến 200 cá thể, mỗi con ở một nơi theo một hệ thống phân cấp. Giống như tất cả khỉ đầu chó, nó ăn tạp, ăn trái cây, chồi, rễ, cỏ, rau, hạt, củ, lá, hạt, ngũ cốc, côn trùng, và động vật có vú nhỏ. Bởi vì nó ăn gần như bất cứ thứ gì có sẵn, nó có thể chiếm cứ các khu vực ít tài nguyên hoặc điều kiện khắc nghiệt. Sự hiện diện của nó có thể giúp cải thiện môi trường sống bởi vì nó đào nước và gieo hát giống qua chất thải, khuyến khích tăng trưởng thực vật.
Гвинейский павиан[1], Сфинкс[2] (лат. Papio papio) — вид приматов из семейства мартышковых. На сегодняшний день это самый малоизученный вид павианов. В некоторых источниках также упоминается как павиан сфинкс.[3]
Гвинейские павианы населяют небольшой ареал в Западной Африке. Он охватывает Гвинею, Гвинее-Бисау, Сенегал, Гамбию, юг Мавритании и запад Мали. У них красновато-коричневая шерсть и безволосая тёмно-фиолетовая либо чёрная морда с типичным для павианов острой формой. Вокруг головы растёт небольшая грива. Гвинейские павианы являются самым мелким видом павианов.
Гвинейские павианы активны днём, а ночью взбираются на деревья для сна. Наличие подходящих деревьев для отдыха ограничивает величину группы и размеры ареала. О социальном поведении этих животных известно довольно мало, однако живут они, вероятно, как и другие павианы, в гаремных группах. Как и их сородичи, они всеядны и питаются, главным образом, фруктами, почками, корнями, насекомыми и мелкими млекопитающими.
Из-за небольшого ареала и уничтожения их естественных местообитаний гвинейские павианы находятся под угрозой исчезновения.
Гвинейский павиан, Сфинкс (лат. Papio papio) — вид приматов из семейства мартышковых. На сегодняшний день это самый малоизученный вид павианов. В некоторых источниках также упоминается как павиан сфинкс.
Гвинейские павианы населяют небольшой ареал в Западной Африке. Он охватывает Гвинею, Гвинее-Бисау, Сенегал, Гамбию, юг Мавритании и запад Мали. У них красновато-коричневая шерсть и безволосая тёмно-фиолетовая либо чёрная морда с типичным для павианов острой формой. Вокруг головы растёт небольшая грива. Гвинейские павианы являются самым мелким видом павианов.
Гвинейские павианы активны днём, а ночью взбираются на деревья для сна. Наличие подходящих деревьев для отдыха ограничивает величину группы и размеры ареала. О социальном поведении этих животных известно довольно мало, однако живут они, вероятно, как и другие павианы, в гаремных группах. Как и их сородичи, они всеядны и питаются, главным образом, фруктами, почками, корнями, насекомыми и мелкими млекопитающими.
Из-за небольшого ареала и уничтожения их естественных местообитаний гвинейские павианы находятся под угрозой исчезновения.
기니개코원숭이 (Papio papio)는 구세계원숭이에 속하는 개코원숭이의 일종이다. 일부 분류에서는 개코원숭이속(Papio)에 속하는 2종 중 하나로, 나머지 하나는 망토개코원숭이이다. 이들 분류에서는 나머지 모든 개코원숭이를 기니개코원숭이의 아종으로 분류하고, 기니개코원숭이를 사바나개코원숭이(P. papio)라 부른다.
기니개코원숭이는 서아프리카의 작은 지역에서 산다. 분포 지역은 기니, 세네갈, 감비아, 모리타니아 남부, 말리 서부이다. 털은 불그스레한 다갈색이고, 얼굴은 대체적으로 개를 닮았고, 털이 없는 자줏빛 또는 검은 얼굴 둘레에 작은 갈기가 나 있다. 기니개코원숭이는 개코원숭이 중에서 가장 작다.
주행성이자 영역과시형 동물이지만, 밤에는 나무들 속에서 잔다. 군집 행동에 대해서는 잘 알려져 있지 않지만, 수컷 한 마리가 여러 암컷을 거느리고 사는 것으로 보인다. 모든 개코원숭이들처럼 잡식성이며, 과일과 새싹, 나무뿌리, 곤충 그리고 작은 포유류를 먹는다.
분포 지역이 좁고, 서식지 파괴때문에 기니개코원숭이는 IUCN에 의해 멸종위기등급의 "취약근접"으로 분류되고 있다.
기니개코원숭이 (Papio papio)는 구세계원숭이에 속하는 개코원숭이의 일종이다. 일부 분류에서는 개코원숭이속(Papio)에 속하는 2종 중 하나로, 나머지 하나는 망토개코원숭이이다. 이들 분류에서는 나머지 모든 개코원숭이를 기니개코원숭이의 아종으로 분류하고, 기니개코원숭이를 사바나개코원숭이(P. papio)라 부른다.
기니개코원숭이는 서아프리카의 작은 지역에서 산다. 분포 지역은 기니, 세네갈, 감비아, 모리타니아 남부, 말리 서부이다. 털은 불그스레한 다갈색이고, 얼굴은 대체적으로 개를 닮았고, 털이 없는 자줏빛 또는 검은 얼굴 둘레에 작은 갈기가 나 있다. 기니개코원숭이는 개코원숭이 중에서 가장 작다.
주행성이자 영역과시형 동물이지만, 밤에는 나무들 속에서 잔다. 군집 행동에 대해서는 잘 알려져 있지 않지만, 수컷 한 마리가 여러 암컷을 거느리고 사는 것으로 보인다. 모든 개코원숭이들처럼 잡식성이며, 과일과 새싹, 나무뿌리, 곤충 그리고 작은 포유류를 먹는다.
분포 지역이 좁고, 서식지 파괴때문에 기니개코원숭이는 IUCN에 의해 멸종위기등급의 "취약근접"으로 분류되고 있다.
