Description
(
İngilizce
)
AmphibiaWeb articles tarafından sağlandı
30-40 mm. Dorsum mainly green with yellowish glands. Belly and chest black, with pale green or yellowish glands. Chin and throat black with some yellow spots. Ventral surface of thighs, palms and soles red.
Di Bernardo, M., Maneyro, R., and Grillo, H. (2006). ''A new species of Melanophryniscus (Anura: Bufonidae) from Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil.'' Journal of Herpetology, 40(2), 261-266.
Distribution and Habitat
(
İngilizce
)
AmphibiaWeb articles tarafından sağlandı
The habitat for this species is the banks of streams in hills of the Brazilian Southern Plateau in Rio Grande do Sul State.
Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors
(
İngilizce
)
AmphibiaWeb articles tarafından sağlandı
Because this species is a microendemic, its survival is directly related to habitat preservation.
Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors
(
İngilizce
)
AmphibiaWeb articles tarafından sağlandı
This species breeds after rains in October and perhaps later. The clutches are deposited in marginal ponds.
Brief Summary
(
İngilizce
)
IABIN tarafından sağlandı
Diagnosis Is the largest species belonging to the genus Melanophryniscus (snout-vent length range 29.48-40.28 mm). It is characterized by absence of frontal swelling, and presence of very welldeveloped glands in dorsal, lateral, and ventral surfaces. The skin glands are very conspicuous and easily distinguishable because of their contrasting coloration.
- yazar
- Esteban O. Lavilla
- düzenleyici
- Diego Arrieta
Conservation Status
(
İngilizce
)
IABIN tarafından sağlandı
NT. Near Threatened.
- yazar
- Esteban O. Lavilla
- düzenleyici
- Diego Arrieta
Behavior
(
İngilizce
)
IABIN tarafından sağlandı
América do sul
Reproduction
(
İngilizce
)
IABIN tarafından sağlandı
sementes viáveis
Cyclicity
(
İngilizce
)
IABIN tarafından sağlandı
Set/out
Distribution
(
İngilizce
)
IABIN tarafından sağlandı
Is known only from the type locality in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
- yazar
- Esteban O. Lavilla
- düzenleyici
- Diego Arrieta
Morphology
(
İngilizce
)
IABIN tarafından sağlandı
arbusto
Life Cycle
(
İngilizce
)
IABIN tarafından sağlandı
perene
Diagnostic Description
(
İngilizce
)
IABIN tarafından sağlandı
Description of holotype Body stout; head longer than wide; glands of the skin diminish in size in the dorsal surface of the head (absent from the interorbital region to the tip of the snout); neck indistinguishable from head; snout truncated in dorsal and lateral views; nostrils oval, located subterminally respect to the snout and open in a lateral direction; canthus rostralis rounded and not evident; loreal region concave; eyes large; eyelid length less than eyelid-nostril distance and than interorbital distance; pupils rounded and black; tympanic membranes not visible; parotoid glands absent; external border of the upper maxillae wider than the external border of the mandibles (this last encompassed by the former, that resembles an upper lip); upper lip with a medial and very small reentrant; maxillae and premaxillae edentate; vocal sac median subgular (externally black with few little yellowish glands); tongue narrow and elongate, with its posterior margin entire and rounded; dorsal skin with very conspicuous glands from the neck to the vent (also conspicuous, but smaller on lateral and ventral surfaces); fore and hind limbs slender with dorsal surfaces covered by the typical granulation described above; external metacarpal tubercle also conspicuous (more than 2 mm in diameter); inner metacarpal tubercle smaller; fingers thick and rounded at the tips; predominant hand formula: I , IV , II , III, (fingers I, II, and IV are subequal); hands without webbing but posses subarticular and palmar tubercles; hind feet with two metatarsal tubercles (inner several times larger than the outer); feet with a poorly developed interdigital membrane (particularly between fingers I, II, and III); foot formula: I , II , V , III , IV; tips of the toes rounded; subarticular feet tubercles more conspicuous than those on the forelimb digits. Measurements of the Holotype (in mm).Â?snout-vent length 38.36, head length 10.81, mandibular width 5 10.01, eye diameter 4.04, interorbital distance 6.20, snout-eye distance 4.39, internarinal distance 3.31, upper forearm length 10.91, lower forearm length 8.88, tibia length 14.96, leg length 13.27, foot length 21.60. Color in life: Predominant color of dorsal surface green, which becomes paler, yellowish, in the glands; chin and gular region black with some yellow glands; chest and belly black, with irregular pale green or yellowish (sometimes redcentered spots) glands; ventral surface of thighs red; flanks darker than dorsum, with large yellow rounded glands; fore and hind limbs green in dorsal view; palms and soles bright red; pupil limited with a brown ring; iris gold and green with brown spots. Color in Preservative: Primary dorsal coloration grey and primary ventral coloration black; glands paler, mainly on the ventral surface, where they contrast deeply with the dark ground coloration; inner surface of the thighs, palms and soles yellowish. VariationThe dorsal and ventral color patterns are quite conservative, given that the spatial distribution of the glands is different in each specimen. The extent and brightness of the red coloration on the ventral surfaces of the thighs is variable, being less evident in some specimens (e.g., MCP 7961). The amount of webbing on the feet is variable, being absent in some specimens (e.g., MCP 7956). Compared to the holotype, the snout is less truncated in three specimens (MCP 7958, 7960, and 7961). Two of the paratypes have evident deformities: MCP 7957 lacks all metatarsals and phalanges of the right hind foot; and MCP 7961 lacks the hallux of the right hind foot and has significant deformities of the head. Tadpole morphology unknown.
- yazar
- Esteban O. Lavilla
- düzenleyici
- Diego Arrieta
Melanophryniscus admirabilis
(
Katalanca; Valensiyaca
)
wikipedia CA tarafından sağlandı
- lisans
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- telif hakkı
- Autors i editors de Wikipedia
Melanophryniscus admirabilis: Brief Summary
(
Katalanca; Valensiyaca
)
wikipedia CA tarafından sağlandı
Melanophryniscus admirabilis és una espècie de granotes de la família Bufonidae.
És endèmica de Brasil.
- lisans
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- telif hakkı
- Autors i editors de Wikipedia
Melanophryniscus admirabilis
(
İngilizce
)
wikipedia EN tarafından sağlandı
- lisans
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- telif hakkı
- Wikipedia authors and editors
Melanophryniscus admirabilis: Brief Summary
(
İngilizce
)
wikipedia EN tarafından sağlandı
Melanophryniscus admirabilis is a species of toads in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Brazil.
- lisans
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- telif hakkı
- Wikipedia authors and editors
Melanophryniscus admirabilis
(
İspanyolca; Kastilyaca
)
wikipedia ES tarafından sağlandı
- lisans
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- telif hakkı
- Autores y editores de Wikipedia
Melanophryniscus admirabilis: Brief Summary
(
İspanyolca; Kastilyaca
)
wikipedia ES tarafından sağlandı
Melanophryniscus admirabilis es una especie de anfibio anuro de la familia Bufonidae. Es endémica de un área extremadamente pequeña junto al río Forqueta en el municipio de Arvorezinha, Río Grande do Sul (Brasil). Habita en el bosque ripario en las empinadas pendientes del río, entre lo 400 y los 616 metros de altitud.
Está en peligro crítico de extinción debido a su reducida área de distribución y entre sus principales amenazas se encuentra la instalación de una central hidroeléctrica justo en el área que habita, y su colecta por turistas y para el tráfico de mascotas.
- lisans
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- telif hakkı
- Autores y editores de Wikipedia
Melanophryniscus admirabilis
(
Baskça
)
wikipedia EU tarafından sağlandı
(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
- lisans
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- telif hakkı
- Wikipediako egileak eta editoreak
Melanophryniscus admirabilis: Brief Summary
(
Baskça
)
wikipedia EU tarafından sağlandı
Melanophryniscus admirabilis Melanophryniscus generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Bufonidae familian sailkatuta dago, Anura ordenan.
- lisans
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- telif hakkı
- Wikipediako egileak eta editoreak
Melanophryniscus admirabilis
(
Fransızca
)
wikipedia FR tarafından sağlandı
- lisans
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- telif hakkı
- Auteurs et éditeurs de Wikipedia
Melanophryniscus admirabilis: Brief Summary
(
Fransızca
)
wikipedia FR tarafından sağlandı
Melanophryniscus admirabilis est une espèce d'amphibiens de la famille des Bufonidae.
- lisans
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- telif hakkı
- Auteurs et éditeurs de Wikipedia
Melanophryniscus admirabilis
(
Lehçe
)
wikipedia POL tarafından sağlandı
Melanophryniscus admirabilis – gatunek płaza bezogonowego z rodziny ropuchowatych.
Systematyka
Melanophryniscus admirabilis zalicza się do rodziny ropuchowatych[1].
Budowa
Autorzy opisy wyróżnili gatunek na podstawie pewnych cech budowy zewnętrznej oraz wzoru ubarwienia[1].
Cykl życiowy
Wszystkie obserwowane osobniki napotkano za dnia[1].
Ze względu na typ rozrodu gatunek ten zalizca się do eplosive breeders (oznacza to krótki, ale bardzo intensywnie przebiegający okres rozrodu, większość osobników przystępuje doń w tym samym czasie). Sezon rozrodu najprawdopodobniej odbywa się w październiku. Samce nawołują wtedy płeć przeciwną. Samice składają jaja (nie wiadomo, ile jaj przypada na kłęb, ale u bliskich krewnych tego gatunku jest ich około setka), z których wylęgają się prowadzące wodny tryb życia kijanki[1].
Rozmieszczenie geograficzne
Gatunek ten zalicza się do endemitów. Spotyka się go jedynie w Brazylii, na terenie stanu Rio Grande do Sul, gdzie w gminie Arvorezinha znajduje się lokalizacja typowa tego gatunku: Perau de Janeiro o współrzędnych geograficznych 52° 18' W, 28° 51' S[1].
Ekologia
Płaz zamieszkuje Brazilian Southern Plateau, dokładniej południowe stoki, na lewym brzegu rzeki Forqueta. Rosną tam nadbrzeżne lasy. Zwierzę spotykano w stawach przybrzeżnych lub pomiędzy kamieniami. Prawdopodobnie zależy ono od wód płynących. Tereny te leżą na wysokości 616 m nad poziomem morza[1].
Zagrożenia i ochrona
Zwierzę wydaje się rzadkie, a częste spotkania wynikają ze sposobu rozmnażania się gatunku. Całkowita liczebność gatunku nie zmienia się[1].
Międzynarodowa Unia Ochrony Przyrody nie wymienia żadnych konkretnych zagrożeń dla gatunku. Zwraca jednak uwagę, że jego niewielki zasięg występowania czyni go wrażliwym na ewnetualne czyniki losowe. Dlatego też organizcja ta zauważa konieczność podjęcia jakichś działań ochronnych[1].
Przypisy
Rodziny płazów bezogonowych
- lisans
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- telif hakkı
- Autorzy i redaktorzy Wikipedii
Melanophryniscus admirabilis: Brief Summary
(
Lehçe
)
wikipedia POL tarafından sağlandı
- lisans
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- telif hakkı
- Autorzy i redaktorzy Wikipedii
Sapinho-admirável-de-barriga-vermelha
(
Portekizce
)
wikipedia PT tarafından sağlandı
O sapinho-admirável-de-barriga-vermelha (nome científico: Melanophryniscus admirabilis) é uma espécie de anfíbio da família Bufonidae. Endêmica do Brasil, é encontrada apenas em um trecho de 700 m do rio Forqueta, no município de Arvorezinha, estado do Rio Grande do Sul.[2][3][4] Essa espécie se localiza principalmente no bioma Pampa, na América do Sul.
A construção de uma usina hidrelétrica que causaria a extinção da espécie foi impedida.[5][6]
Visão Geral
Apresentam alcaloides Alcaloides, que usam como forma de proteção para afastar predadores, tornando-se, assim, tóxicos. Além dos alcaloides, suas cores vibrantes também indicam toxicidade para seus predadores. Possuem um comportamento peculiar chamado unkenreflex: quando estão ameaçados, viram seu ventre, mãos e pés para cima, deixando visível suas partes vermelhas, exibindo sua toxicidade para o predador. Sua coloração também permite que se disfarcem no ambiente onde vivem.
Alimentação
Na fase adulta, são parte da dieta deste invertebrado formigas e pequenos ácaros.[7] Seus alcaloides são adquiridos a partir da ingestão de artrópodes que contém tais substâncias tóxicas.[8][9]
Ameaças
Dentre as principais causas da vulnerabilidade da espécie, estão: desmatamento para monocultura de fumo, instalação de hidrelétricas e poluição do Rio Forqueta.[9]
Ver também
Referências
-
↑ Frost, D.R. (2014). «Melanophryniscus admirabilis». Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. Consultado em 27 de setembro de 2014
-
↑ a b IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2013). Melanophryniscus admirabilis (em inglês). IUCN 2014. Lista Vermelha de Espécies Ameaçadas da IUCN de 2014 . Página visitada em 27 de setembro de 2014..
-
↑ Livro Vermelho da Fauna Brasileira Ameaçada de Extinção: Volume I (PDF). Brasília: ICMBio/MMA. 2018
-
↑ Grillo, Hamilton; Maneyro, Raúl; Di-Bernardo, Marcos (2006). «New Species of Melanophryniscus (Anura: Bufonidae) from Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil» (requer pagamento). Journal of Herpetology. 40 (2): 261–267. ISSN 0022-1511. doi:10.1670/05-008.1
-
↑
-
↑ Fonte, Luis Fernando Marin da; Abadie, Michelle; Mendes, Thayná; Zank, Caroline; Martins, Márcio Borges (2014). «The Times they are a-Changing: How a Multi-Institutional Effort Stopped the Construction of a Hydroelectric Power Plant that Threatened a Critically Endangered Red-Belly Toad in Southern Brazil». FrogLog. 22 (4): 18-21. ISSN 1026-0269
-
↑ Diario de Biologia | Melanophryniscus admirabilis https://diariodebiologia.com/2017/12/sapo-venenoso-rio-grande-do-sul-internet/
-
↑ Adriana M. Jeckel, Taran Grant, Ralph A. Saporito (2015) https://grant.ib.usp.br/anfibios/publications/2015_Jeckel_etal.pdf Sequestered and Synthesized Chemical Defenses in the Poison Frog Melanophryniscus moreirae
-
↑ a b Vasconcellos, Michelle Abadie de (2015). «Conservação do sapinho-admirável-de-barriga-vermelha, Melanophryniscus admirabilis (anura: bufonidae) : estudo de ecologia populacional». Consultado em 2 de maio de 2022 Parâmetro desconhecido
|pdf= ignorado (ajuda)
Bibliografia
- lisans
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- telif hakkı
- Autores e editores de Wikipedia
Sapinho-admirável-de-barriga-vermelha: Brief Summary
(
Portekizce
)
wikipedia PT tarafından sağlandı
O sapinho-admirável-de-barriga-vermelha (nome científico: Melanophryniscus admirabilis) é uma espécie de anfíbio da família Bufonidae. Endêmica do Brasil, é encontrada apenas em um trecho de 700 m do rio Forqueta, no município de Arvorezinha, estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Essa espécie se localiza principalmente no bioma Pampa, na América do Sul.
A construção de uma usina hidrelétrica que causaria a extinção da espécie foi impedida.
- lisans
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- telif hakkı
- Autores e editores de Wikipedia
