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Morus mongolica (Bur.) C. K. Schneid. resmi
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Morus mongolica (Bur.) C. K. Schneid.

Comments ( İngilizce )

eFloras tarafından sağlandı
The very distinctive leaf margin makes this species easy to recognize, in contrast to the varieties that have been proposed within it. Formal recognition of these varieties does not seem justified because they are based on features of indumentum and leaf shape, which vary more or less continuously.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliyografik atıf
Flora of China Vol. 5: 25 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of China @ eFloras.org
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Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
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Description ( İngilizce )

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Small trees or shrubs; dioecious. Bark grayish brown, furrowed. Old branches grayish black; branchlets dark red. Winter buds grayish brown, ovoid. Stipules 2.5-3.5 cm. Leaf blade elliptic-ovate, 8-15 × 5-8 cm, papery, glabrous, base cordate, margin triangular serrate with a few teeth double serrate, each tooth with subulate apiculum or seta, and apical serrations with long spines, apex shortly acuminate. Male catkins ca. 3 cm. Female inflorescences shortly cylindric, 1-1.5 cm; peduncle 1-1.5 cm. Male flowers: calyx lobes dark yellow, margin adaxially hairy; anthers 2-loculed, longitudinally dehiscent. Female flowers: calyx lobes glabrous or adaxially sparsely pubescent; style long; stigma with a nipple-like protuberance, 2-branched, abaxially densely papillate. Syncarp red to purple when mature, ca. 1.5 cm. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. Apr-May.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliyografik atıf
Flora of China Vol. 5: 25 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
kaynak
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
düzenleyici
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
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Distribution ( İngilizce )

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N Anhui, NE Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, NW Hunan, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, SE Xizang, Yunnan [Japan, Korea, Mongolia]..
lisans
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliyografik atıf
Flora of China Vol. 5: 25 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
kaynak
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
düzenleyici
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
proje
eFloras.org
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kaynağı ziyaret et
ortak site
eFloras

Habitat ( İngilizce )

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Mountain slopes, high mountains, forests; 500-3500 m.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliyografik atıf
Flora of China Vol. 5: 25 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
kaynak
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
düzenleyici
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
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eFloras.org
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eFloras

Synonym ( İngilizce )

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Morus alba Linnaeus var. mongolica Bureau in Candolle, Prodr. 17: 241. 1873; M. barkamensis S. S. Chang; M. deqinensis S. S. Chang; M. mongolica var. barkamensis (S. S. Chang) C. Y. Wu & Z. Y. Cao; M. mongolica var. diabolica Koidzumi; M. mongolica var. hopeiensis S. S. Chang & Y. P. Wu; M. mongolica var. longicaudata Z. Y. Cao; M. mongolica var. rotundifolia Y. B. Wu; M. mongolica var. vestita Rehder; M. mongolica var. yunnanensis (Koidzumi) C. Y. Wu & Z. Y. Cao; M. yunnanensis Koidzumi.
lisans
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliyografik atıf
Flora of China Vol. 5: 25 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
kaynak
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
düzenleyici
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
proje
eFloras.org
orijinal
kaynağı ziyaret et
ortak site
eFloras

Morus mongolica ( İngilizce )

wikipedia EN tarafından sağlandı

Morus mongolica,[1][2][3] also described as Morus alba var. mongolica,[4] is a woody plant native to mountain forests in Mongolia, China, Korea, and Japan.[1][5] Common names include Mongolian mulberry, meng sang (China),[5] and ilama by native people in the namesake region of Mongolia.[6] Similar to M. notabilis, M. mongolica is an uncultivated (wild, undomesticated) mulberry.[7]

Description

Morus mongolica is a perennial woody tree. The mature plant grows to about 8 metres (26 feet) in height. The leaves of the tree are palmate, with mature dimensions ranging from 8–15 centimetres (3+14–6 inches) in length and 5–8 cm (2–3+14 in) in width.[5]

The flowers occur in inflorescences, both male and female.[1] The male inflorescences are about 3–4 cm (1+141+12 in) long and 7 millimetres (14 in) wide, whereas the female inflorescences are about 2 cm long and 7 mm wide; both have peduncles of about 1–1.5 cm.[1][5] Both the male and the female flowers are in groups of fours: four sepals, four petals, four stamen (for male flowers) and four carpels (for female flowers).[1] The tree blooms from March to April and fruits in April to May.[5]

The fruits are aggregate, and are dull red to black in color.[1] Each cluster is about 1–3 cm long with a 1 cm diameter, while the individual drupelets are about 3 mm in diameter.[1]

Chemistry

Morus mongolica is known to have multiple flavonoid and phenolic compounds.[8][9][10][11] These compounds can be found in the fruits,[10] leaves,[9] and bark.[12]

Distribution

Its native range is the mountains of Mongolia, China, Korea, and Japan.[1][5]

Ecology

The leaves are eaten and digested by silkworms[13] and the proteins are used by the silkworms for the production of cocoon silk.[7]

Uses

The fruits have been recorded as being consumed by Mongol herdsmen.[14]

The wood of the has been suggested to be of possible use for biofuel, among other soft wood trees.[15]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Sargent, Charles Sprague; Wilson, Ernest Henry (1913). Plantae Wilsonianae :an enumeration of the woody plants collected in western China for the Arnold arboretum of Harvard university during the years 1907, 1908, and 1910 /by E. H. Wilson, ed. by Charles Sprague Sargent. Cambridge: The University press. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.191.
  2. ^ Zhekun, Zhou; Gilbert, Michael (2003). "Moraceae" (PDF). Flora of China. Harvard University. 5: 21–73 – via efloras.org, Missouri Botanical Gardens.
  3. ^ USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. "Morus mongolica (L.) C. K. Schneid". Taxonomy - GRIN-Global Web v 1.10.4.0, npgsweb.ars-grin.gov. Retrieved 2019-04-29.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. "Morus alba (L.) var. mongolica Bureau". Taxonomy - GRIN-Global Web v 1.10.4.0, npgsweb.ars-grin.gov. Retrieved 2019-04-29.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ a b c d e f "Morus mongolica in Flora of China @ efloras.org". www.efloras.org. Retrieved 2019-04-29.
  6. ^ Soyolt; Galsannorbu; Yongping; Wunenbayar; Liu, Guohou; Khasbagan (2013-04-24). "Wild plant folk nomenclature of the Mongol herdsmen in the Arhorchin national nature reserve, Inner Mongolia, PR China". Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 9: 30. doi:10.1186/1746-4269-9-30. ISSN 1746-4269. PMC 3649933. PMID 23628479.
  7. ^ a b Li, Q. L.; Guo, J. Z.; Yan, N.; Li, C. C. (2016-10-17). "Complete chloroplast genome sequence of cultivated Morus L. species". Genetics and Molecular Research. 15 (4). doi:10.4238/gmr15048906. ISSN 1676-5680. PMID 27813600.
  8. ^ Sohn, H. Y.; Son, K. H.; Kwon, C. S.; Kwon, G. S.; Kang, S. S. (November 2004). "Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of 18 prenylated flavonoids isolated from medicinal plants: Morus alba L., Morus mongolica Schneider, Broussnetia papyrifera (L.) Vent, Sophora flavescens Ait and Echinosophora koreensis Nakai". Phytomedicine. 11 (7–8): 666–672. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2003.09.005. ISSN 0944-7113. PMID 15636183.
  9. ^ a b Zhang, Xiao-Qi; Jing, Ying; Wang, Guo-Cai; Wang, Ying; Zhao, Hui-Nan; Ye, Wen-Cai (October 2010). "Four new flavonoids from the leaves of Morus mongolica". Fitoterapia. 81 (7): 813–815. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2010.04.010. ISSN 0367-326X. PMID 20450963.
  10. ^ a b Chen, Hu; Yu, Wansha; Chen, Guo; Meng, Shuai; Xiang, Zhonghuai; He, Ningjia (December 21, 2017). "Antinociceptive and Antibacterial Properties of Anthocyanins and Flavonols from Fruits of Black and Non-Black Mulberries". Molecules (published January 2018). 23 (1): 4. doi:10.3390/molecules23010004. ISSN 1420-3049. PMC 5943937. PMID 29267231.
  11. ^ Huang, Lian; Fuchino, Hiroyuki; Kawahara, Nobuo; Narukawa, Yuji; Hada, Noriyasu; Kiuchi, Fumiyuki (October 2016). "Application of a new method, orthogonal projection to latent structure (OPLS) combined with principal component analysis (PCA), to screening of prostaglandin E2 production inhibitory flavonoids in Scutellaria Root". Journal of Natural Medicines. 70 (4): 731–739. doi:10.1007/s11418-016-1004-2. ISSN 1340-3443. PMID 27164908. S2CID 15105430.
  12. ^ Shi, Ya-Qin; Fukai, Toshio; Sakagami, Hiroshi; Chang, Wen-Jin; Yang, Pei-Quan; Wang, Feng-Peng; Nomura, Taro (February 2001). "Cytotoxic Flavonoids with Isoprenoid Groups from Morus mongolica". Journal of Natural Products. 64 (2): 181–188. doi:10.1021/np000317c. ISSN 0163-3864. PMID 11429996.
  13. ^ Niemelä, Pekka; Tuomi, Juha (1987). "Does the Leaf Morphology of Some Plants Mimic Caterpillar Damage?". Oikos. 50 (2): 256–257. doi:10.2307/3566009. ISSN 0030-1299. JSTOR 3566009.
  14. ^ Khasbagan; Huai, Hu-Yin; Pei, Sheng-Ji (2000). "Wild Plants in the Diet of Arhorchin Mongol Herdsmen in Inner Mongolia". Economic Botany. 54 (4): 528–536. doi:10.1007/BF02866550. ISSN 0013-0001. JSTOR 4256364. S2CID 28765625.
  15. ^ Seth, M. K. (2003). "Trees and Their Economic Importance". Botanical Review. 69 (4): 321–376. doi:10.1663/0006-8101(2004)069[0321:TATEI]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0006-8101. JSTOR 4354466. S2CID 20945281.
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Morus mongolica: Brief Summary ( İngilizce )

wikipedia EN tarafından sağlandı

Morus mongolica, also described as Morus alba var. mongolica, is a woody plant native to mountain forests in Mongolia, China, Korea, and Japan. Common names include Mongolian mulberry, meng sang (China), and ilama by native people in the namesake region of Mongolia. Similar to M. notabilis, M. mongolica is an uncultivated (wild, undomesticated) mulberry.

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Morus mongolica ( Fransızca )

wikipedia FR tarafından sağlandı

Morus mongolica est une espèce de plantes dicotylédones de la famille des Moraceae, originaire d'Extrême-Orient. Ce sont des arbres dioïques, de taille moyenne, à feuilles caduques.

Description

Morus mongolica est un arbuste ou petit arbre dioïque à l'écorce brun grisâtre, sillonnée. Les vieilles branches sont gris noirâtre et les rameaux rouge foncé. Les bourgeons d'hiver sont brun grisâtre, ovoïdes.

Les feuilles présentent des stipules de 2,5 à 3,5 cm. de long, et un limbe de consistance papyracée, glabre, de forme elliptique-ovale, à base cordée, de 8 à 15 cm de long sur 5 à 8 cm de large. Les bords du limbe sont serrés avec certaines dents doublement dentées, chaque dent présentant un apiculum ou soir subulé et dentelures apicales à longues épines. Lapex du limbe est brièvement acuminé[2].

Les chatons mâles ont environ 3 cm de long. Les inflorescences femelles, cylindriques, ont de 1 à 1,5 cm de long est sont portées par un pédoncule de 1 à 1,5 cm de long.

Les fleurs mâles présentent un calice aux lobes jaune foncé, à marge pubescente et des anthères biloculaires à déhiscence longitudinale. Les fleurs femelles ont un calice aux lobes glabres ou légèrement pubescents du côté adaxial, un style long et un stigmate bifide, avec une protubérance semblable à un mamelon[2].

Le fruit est un syncarpe rouge à violet à maturité, d'environ 1,5 cm de long. La floraison a lieu en mars-avril et la fructification en avril-mai[2].

Cytologie

Morus mongolica est une espèce diploïde (2n=2x=28 chromosomes)[3].

Distribution et habitat

L'aire de répartition originelle de Morus mongolica s'étend en Chine, au Japon, en Corée et en Mongolie. En Chine l'espèce se rencontre dans les provinces de Anhui (Nord), Guangxi (Nord-Est), Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan (Nord-Ouest), Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Mongolie-Intérieure, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Tibet (Sud-Est), Yunnan)[2].

Cette espèce croît sur les pentes montagneuses, dans des forêts situées entre 500 et 3500 mètres d'altitude[2].

Taxinomie

L'espèce Morus mongolica a été initialement décrite en 1873 par le botaniste français Édouard Bureau comme une variété de Morus alba sous le nom de « Morus alba var. mongolica » et publiée dans Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis en 1873, puis reconnue en tant qu'espèce distincte par le botaniste autrichien Camillo Karl Schneider et publiée en 1916 dans Plantae Wilsonianae 3(2): 296 [31 Aug 1916][4].

L'arbre avait été découvert en Chine par le père David en 1864 et introduit en Angleterre par Ernest Henry Wilson en 1907.

Cette espèce se distingue de Morus alba par les feuilles à bord rudes et le style des fleurs femelles plus long, caractère qui la rapproche de Morus australis. Le fruit est décrit comme « insipide »[5].

Synonymes

Selon The Plant List (30 juin 2019)[1] :

  • Morus alba var. mongolica Bureau
  • Morus alba Bureau[6]
  • Morus barkamensis S.S. Chang
  • Morus deqinensis S.S. Chang
  • Morus mongolica var. barkamensis (S.S. Chang) C.Y. Wu & Z.Y. Cao
  • Morus yunnanensis Koidz.

Liste des variétés

Selon Tropicos (30 juin 2019)[7] (Attention liste brute contenant possiblement des synonymes) :

  • Morus mongolica var. barkamensis (S.S. Chang) C.Y. Wu & Z.Y. Cao
  • Morus mongolica var. diabolica Koidz.
  • Morus mongolica var. hopeiensis S.S. Chang & Y.P. Wu
  • Morus mongolica var. longicaudata Z.Y. Cao
  • Morus mongolica var. mongolica
  • Morus mongolica var. rotundifolia Y.B. Wu
  • Morus mongolica var. vestita Rehder
  • Morus mongolica var. yunnanensis (Koidz.) C.Y. Wu & Z.Y. Cao

Notes et références

  1. a et b The Plant List (2013). Version 1.1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/, consulté le 30 juin 2019
  2. a b c d et e (en) « 10. Morus mongolica (Bureau) C. K. Schneider in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 3: 296. 1916 », sur Flora of China (consulté le 30 juin 2019).
  3. (en) « Morus mongolica (Bureau) C.K. Schneid. », sur IPCN Chromosome Reports (Tropicos) (consulté le 30 juin 2019).
  4. (en) Christine Barker, « Moraceae Morus mongolica C.K.Schneid. », sur The International Plant Names Index (IPNI) (consulté le 30 juin 2019).
  5. (en) « Morus mongolica (Bur.) Schneid. », sur Trees and Shrubs Online (consulté le 30 juin 2019).
  6. USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN-Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland., consulté le 30 juin 2019
  7. Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden., consulté le 30 juin 2019

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Morus mongolica: Brief Summary ( Fransızca )

wikipedia FR tarafından sağlandı

Morus mongolica est une espèce de plantes dicotylédones de la famille des Moraceae, originaire d'Extrême-Orient. Ce sont des arbres dioïques, de taille moyenne, à feuilles caduques.

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Morus mongolica ( Vietnamca )

wikipedia VI tarafından sağlandı

Morus mongolica là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Moraceae. Loài này được (Bureau) C.K. Schneid. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1916.[1]

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Morus mongolica. Truy cập ngày 15 tháng 9 năm 2013.

Liên kết ngoài


Bài viết liên quan đến Họ Dâu tằm này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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wikipedia VI

Morus mongolica: Brief Summary ( Vietnamca )

wikipedia VI tarafından sağlandı

Morus mongolica là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Moraceae. Loài này được (Bureau) C.K. Schneid. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1916.

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蒙桑 ( Çince )

wikipedia 中文维基百科 tarafından sağlandı

蒙桑学名Morus mongolica)是桑科桑属的植物。分布于中国大陆安徽河南贵州青海山西吉林黑龙江山东辽宁湖北云南河北江苏内蒙古四川陕西新疆等地,生长于海拔800米至1,500米的地区,常生长在山地及林中,目前尚未由人工引种栽培。

别名

岩桑

异名

  • Morus barkamensis S. S. Chang
  • Morus deqinensis S. S. Chang
  • Morus mongolica (Bureau) Schneid. var. barkamensis (S. S. Chang) C. Y. Wu et Cao
  • Morus mongolica (Bureau) Schneid. var. diabolica Koidz.
  • Morus mongolica (Bureau) Schneid. var. longicaudata Cao
  • Morus mongolica (Bureau) Schneid. var. rotundifolia Wu Yu-pi

参考文献


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蒙桑: Brief Summary ( Çince )

wikipedia 中文维基百科 tarafından sağlandı

蒙桑(学名:Morus mongolica)是桑科桑属的植物。分布于中国大陆安徽河南贵州青海山西吉林黑龙江山东辽宁湖北云南河北江苏内蒙古四川陕西新疆等地,生长于海拔800米至1,500米的地区,常生长在山地及林中,目前尚未由人工引种栽培。

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