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Two complete Paralvinella sulfincola animals, ventral dorsal view (left) and dorsal view (right). Total length about 1.5 cm (shorter animal) to 2 cm (longer animal). Dorsal view. Animals were collected from a hydrothermal vent sulfide chimney at Endeavor Ridge off the Washington coast by Kirt Onthank in 2008. These animals have been preserved in alcohol, and would be orange or brownish-pink when alive. (Photo by: Dave Cowles )
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This view of the head of a preserved specimen shows the spaghetti-like ciliated tentacles used for feeding, plus the bushy gills dorsal to them. In life the animal would be bright pink or brownish-red.. It can be difficult for the non-expert to determine which side is dorsal and which side is ventral in polychaetes. In this case, the spaghetti-like feeding tentacles are on the ventral side and the feather-like gills are dorsal.
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A view of the dorsal (gill) side of the head. The first chaetigerous segment (setiger), with a parapodium and notosetae projecting, can be seen near the bottom center. A small amount of debris has become attached to the tops of the notosetae. Note that the tuft of setae are on a well-defined (dorsal, notopodial) lobe of the parapodium and there is no corresponding ventral lobe (neuropodium) with neurosetae--this is one of the identifying characteristics on the first 20-31 setigers for this species.
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In this view of the first several segments, dorsal is right, ventral is left, and the head is downward. The bumps along the sides of the segments are the parapodia. Setae are projecting from the parapodia although they cannot be seen clearly on all the segments. The first chaetigerous segment (setiger) is partly hidden behind the head and gill structures. The parapodia and setae on setigers 2 and 3 are clearly visible. Chaetigerous segment 4 is swollen on thedorsal side and at that point the location of the parapodia shifts in the ventral direction. Setae can be seen projecting from several segments. Note that the parapodium and setae on setifer 7 are not evident. The species description says that the setae are much modified on setiger 7. If this modification is like that seen in other paralvinellids such as P. sulfincola, the setae are much larger, thicker, darker, and curved backward (photo). Also note the complete lack of a ventral (neuropodium) lobe on the parapodia and the lack of neurosetae.
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This view shows the parapodia on the anterior portion of the body. Ventral is to the left. The well- developed dorsal parapodial lobes (notopodia) with long notosetae are clearly visible. No ventral lobes (neuropodia) nor neurosetae are visible. This ventral
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This closeup of the parapodia on a posterior section of the body shows the well-developed notopodium (dorsal portion) with well-developed notosetae. The ventral portion of the parapodium (neuropodium, top of photo) appears to be simply a flattened ridge with no neurosetae visible such as was seen on the anterior portion, although the neuropodial ridge is better developed. The species description states that neurosetae are present on the posterior portion of the body so they should be visible here. However, in Terebellids, which are other members of this Order, the neurosetae are actually very short uncini which are hard to see. That may be the case here as well.
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Paralvinella palmiformis, preserved specimen, Collected by Kirt Onthank from hydrothermal vent on Endeavor Ridge. About 3.5 cm long. (Photo by: Dave Cowles)
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Description: English: Close-up of Palm worms, tubeworms, and limpets at Main Endeavour Field. Date: 2007. Source:
NeMO 2007 Cruise Report. Author: NOAA.
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Description: English: Alvinella pompejana or Pompeii worm, able to survive temperatures as high as 176°F. A coating of protective bacteria covers this deep-sea worm's back. Français :
Alvinella pompejana ou vers de Pompéi, capable de survivre à des températures atteignant 176°F. Il est couvert d'un manteau de poils qui sont en fait constitués de bactéries à métabolisme
chimiosynthétique. Cette espèce d'annélide polychète vit dans les grands fonds, toujours près de cheminées hydrothermales (dans l’océan Pacifique) vers 2 500 mètres de profondeur. Découvert en 1979 par des chercheurs français, le ver de Pompéi présente une thermotolérance exceptionnelle pour un eucaryote (de 20 à plus de 80°C chez l’adulte), et peut être qualifié d’
extrémophile. Date: 1 November 2001. Source:
http://www.nsf.gov/od/lpa/news/press/01/pr0190.htm. Author: National Science Foundation (University of Delaware College of Marine Studies). Permission (
Reusing this file): Public domain.
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Lateral. Specimen ID: 8790990. Field no.: R1939-END08-05-10. Taxon rep.: Paralvinella. Image quality: 1. Aspect ratio: 1.333.
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whole specimen. Specimen ID: 9364111. Field no.: Pescadero2017ISS1BullseyeGrabAnnelid03. Image quality: 1. Aspect ratio: 1.499.
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whole specimen. Specimen ID: 9364163. Field no.: Pescadero2017OpportunisticAnnelid23. Image quality: 1. Aspect ratio: 0.667.
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Lateral. Specimen ID: 8791017. Field no.: R1940-END18-04-2. Taxon rep.: Paralvinella pandorae. Image quality: 1. Aspect ratio: 1.333.
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Lateral. Specimen ID: 8791021. Field no.: R1940-END18-05-1. Taxon rep.: Paralvinella sulfincola. Image quality: 1. Aspect ratio: 1.333.