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Benefits ( İngilizce )

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The total catch reported for this species to FAO for 1999 was 21 320 t. The countries with the largest catches were Indonesia (21 320 t). Caught with seines, set nets, cast nets, and traps. The flesh is of good quality; may be grilled or used for fish soup. In Thailand there is a trade of dried pla salid for the benefit of people in areas where it is not caught. Marketed fresh and cultured both for food and for export as aquarium fish.

Brief Summary ( İngilizce )

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Lives in lakes, ponds and still sluggish waters.Generally feeds on aquatic plants.Can breathe air directly, as well as absorb oxygen from water through its gills.

Size ( İngilizce )

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Attains about 20 cm; common 12-15 cm.

Distribution ( İngilizce )

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Indonesian lakes (Malay Peninsula, Thailand, Singapore).

Diagnostic Description ( İngilizce )

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Dorsal fin with 6 spines and 10-11 branched rays; origin far behind pectoral fin base. Anal fin with 9-12 spines and 33-38 branched rays. Pelvic fin with a long filamentous ray and 2 to 3 small rays in the axil. Lateral line with 55-63 scales.

Referans

Vogt, D. & H. Wermuth. - 1966Acuarios y Terrarios. Manual práctico de vivariocultura. Editorial Omega, S. A. barcelona. 284 pp.

Diseases and Parasites ( İngilizce )

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Bacterial Infections (general). Bacterial diseases
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Trophic Strategy ( İngilizce )

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Found in shallow sluggish or standing-water habitats with a lot of aquatic vegetation. Occurs in flooded forests of the lower Mekong and gradually moves back to rivers and Great Lake as floodwaters recede (Ref. 12693). Feeds mainly on planktonic invertebrates (Ref. 13497). Generally feeds on aquatic plants. Can breathe air directly, as well as absorb oxygen from water through its gills (Ref. 9987). Recorded as having been or being farmed in rice fields (Ref. 119549, 121504).
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Morphology ( İngilizce )

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Dorsal spines (total): 7 - 8; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10 - 11; Anal spines: 9 - 12; Analsoft rays: 33 - 38
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Migration ( İngilizce )

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Potamodromous. Migrating within streams, migratory in rivers, e.g. Saliminus, Moxostoma, Labeo. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.
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Life Cycle ( İngilizce )

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Male creates a bubble-nest at the surface. After fertilization, male, with the use of its mouth, collects the eggs and pushes them up into the bubble-nest (Ref. 6459). Male guards the eggs until hatching (Ref. 9987); both parents care for the young (Ref. 6028).
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Diseases and Parasites ( İngilizce )

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Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome. Viral diseases
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Diseases and Parasites ( İngilizce )

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Trichodinosis. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites ( İngilizce )

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Costia Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diagnostic Description ( İngilizce )

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Dorsal fin with short spines and long soft rays. Caudal fin slightly emarginate. First soft ray of pelvic fins prolonged into a tentacle extending posteriorly to hind margin of caudal fin. Body with numerous dark oblique cross bands which are not always distinct; presence of irregular black stripe from eye to middle of caudal fin base (Ref. 43281).
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Diseases and Parasites ( İngilizce )

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Dactylogyrus Gill Flukes Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Biology ( İngilizce )

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Found in shallow sluggish or standing-water habitats with a lot of aquatic vegetation. Occurs in flooded forests of the lower Mekong and gradually moves back to rivers and Great Lake as floodwaters recede (Ref. 12693, 57235). Generally feeds on aquatic plants. Can breathe air directly, as well as absorb oxygen from water through its gills (Ref. 9987). The flesh is of good quality; may be grilled or used for fish soup. In Thailand there is a trade of dried pla salid for the benefit of people in areas where it is not caught (Ref 2686). Cultured both for food and for export as aquarium fish (Ref. 9987). Marketed fresh (Ref. 12693). Highly economic species; both by capture and culture includes in the peat areas (Ref. 57235).
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Importance ( İngilizce )

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fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial
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Schaufelfadenfisch ( Almanca )

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Der Schaufelfadenfisch (Trichopodus pectoralis), ein Labyrinthfisch und zugleich der größte rezente „Östliche Fadenfisch“, ist in Südostasien und weit darüber hinaus verbreitet.

Merkmale

Aus der Natur wird von Exemplaren mit über 20 Zentimeter Gesamtlänge berichtet. Damit ist der Schaufelfadenfisch nicht nur der größte Fadenfisch, sondern, nach den Riesenguramis und dem Küssenden Gurami, auch der drittgrößte Labyrinthfisch in Asien überhaupt. Sein Erscheinungsbild ähnelt dem eines besonders großen, etwas gestreckten und weniger farbigen Gepunkteten Fadenfischs. Auf einer olivgrünen Körperfarbe sind zehn bis 14 dunkelolivgrüne relativ breite und unregelmäßige Vertikalbänder, entweder durchgehend, x-, y- oder auch h-förmig, hintereinander angeordnet. Von der Schnauzenspitze bis zum Ansatz der Schwanzflosse verläuft ein dunkelbraunes Band, das meist nur als unterbrochener dunkler Fleck in den Vertikalbändern sichtbar ist. Bei Jungfischen, in Schreckfärbung und während der Balz ist dieses Band vollständig sichtbar, während des Laichakts verschwindet es ganz. Die Intensität der Grundfärbung der Bänderzeichnungen ist stimmungs- und situationsabhängig. Wegen der kleinen aber prägnanten Schuppen in verschiedenen glänzenden Olivtönen heißt der Schaufelfadenfisch im Englischen „Snakeskin Gourami“ (= Schlangenhaut-Gurami). Alle Flossen sind transparent, aber ebenfalls grünlich. Die namengebenden Brustflossen sind schmaler und länger als bei allen anderen östlichen Fadenfischen. Entlang der gerundeten Afterflosse zieht sich ein beigefarbener, manchmal gold schimmernder breiter Saum. Die Rückenflosse der Weibchen ist kurz und gerundet, die der Männchen leicht spitz und bis in die Mitte der Schwanzflosse ragend.

Flossenformel: Dorsale VII/10-11, Anale IX-XI/36-38.

Ökologie

Charles Tate Regan beschrieb den Schaufelfadenfisch von der Malaiischen Halbinsel, aus Thailand und Singapur. Über das ursprüngliche Verbreitungsgebiet kann nur spekuliert werden. Schaufelfadenfische wurden aufgrund ihrer Beliebtheit als Speisefisch über ganz Thailand, Indonesien und die Malaiische Halbinsel verbreitet. Als Neozoon besiedelt die Art inzwischen auch die meisten großen und kleinen Sundainseln, Teile von Indien, Myanmar, Sri Lanka und die Karibikinsel Hispaniola. Schaufelfadenfische werden vorwiegend in langsam fließenden und stehenden Gewässern, in sauerstoffarmen Teichen, auf Kulturflächen (überschwemmten Reisfeldern) und in Bewässerungssystemen gefunden. In wenigen Berichten über Fundorte wird meist auf die hohen Wassertemperaturen (> 30 °C) hingewiesen. Auch dieser Labyrinthfisch wurde bereits bei kurzen Landwanderungen vom einen zum anderen Gewässer beobachtet. Neben Weichtieren, Insekten, Insektenlarven und Anflugnahrung ernähren sich Schaufelfadenfische zu einem beträchtlichen Teil von Algen und höheren Pflanzen.

Fortpflanzung

Männliche Schaufelfadenfische errichten zwischen Pflanzen, unter den Blättern von Schwimmpflanzen oder unter großflächigen Pflanzenblättern, die unter dem Wasserspiegel liegen, ein im Verhältnis zu ihrer Körpergröße sehr kleines Schaumnest, in das sie Pflanzenteile einbauen. Mit einem nach intensiver Balz angelockten Weibchen wird direkt unter dem Nest gelaicht. Nicht alle der bis zu 5.000 sehr kleinen Eier, die leichter als Wasser sind, treiben in das Nest. Sie werden aber vom Männchen nicht eingesammelt. Dessen Brutpflege besteht lediglich aus der Vertreibung des Weibchens nach der Laichphase und einer intensiven Verteidigung des Nestbereichs, bis die Larven frei schwimmen. Die sehr kleinen Larven schlüpfen nach ein- bis eineinhalb Tagen. Nachdem ihr Dottervorrat verbraucht ist, verlassen sie das Nest am dritten oder vierten Tag.

Bedeutung für den Menschen

Schaufelfadenfische sind aufgrund ihrer Größe und ihres wohlschmeckenden Fleisches ein wichtiger Eiweißlieferant für die menschliche Ernährung. Da sie sich leicht vermehren und relativ schnellwüchsig sind, wurden sie in weiten Teilen Südasiens und praktisch in gesamt Südostasien eingebürgert. Schaufelfadenfische werden mit Netzen gefangen und lebend oder frischtot angeboten. Einige zu Thailand und Indonesien gehörende Inseln exportieren filetiertes Fleisch auf das Festland. 1896 erfolgte die Ersteinfuhr nach Europa durch den Tierhändler J. F. G. Umlauf, Hamburg. In Europa werden Schaufelfadenfische nur selten im Handel angeboten und in Aquarien gepflegt. Wenige Spezialisten befassen sich mit ihrer Zucht und versuchen Fundortvarianten rein zu erhalten. Dagegen ist die Art in den USA und Kanada ein sehr beliebter Aquarienfisch, der dort zum Standardangebot gehört und in Florida in Zuchtteichen vermehrt wird.

Systematik

1910 beschrieb Regan den Schaufelfadenfisch als Trichopodus pectoralis. Ein Holotypus fehlt; zwei Lectotypen befinden sich unter den Katalognummern 232 und 233 im Britischen Museum für Naturgeschichte in London. Es existieren zwei Synonyme: Osphromenus cantoris und Trichogaster pectoralis. Der Gattungsname deutet auf die fadenartigen Bauchflossen hin („Thrix“ = „Haar“, „Pous“ = „Fuß bzw. Flosse“). Der adjektivistische Artname hebt die für den Erstbeschreiber wichtige Körpereigenschaft hervor, die großen Bauchflossen (= Pectoralen). Gemeinsam mit dem Mosaikfadenfisch (Trichopodus leerii), dem Mondscheinfadenfisch (Trichopodus microlepis) und dem Gepunkteten Fadenfisch (Trichopodus trichopterus) bildet der Schaufelfadenfisch die Gruppe der „Östlichen Fadenfische“.

Literatur

  • Michael Kokoscha: Labyrinthfische. Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-8001-7431-6.
  • Jörg Vierke: Labyrinthfische. Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung W. Keller & Co., Stuttgart 1986, ISBN 3-440-05594-9.

Quellen

  • J. Freyhof, D. V. Serov, T. N. Nguyen: A preliminary checklist of the freshwater fishes of the River Dong Nai, South Vietnam. In: Bonner Zoologische Beiträge. Vol. 49, Nr. 1-4, 2000, S. 93–99. (online; PDF; 450 kB)
  • J. E. Gray: Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow, now in the British Museum. London 1854.
  • M. Kottelat, A. J. Whitten, S. N. Kartikasari, S. Wirjoatmodjo: Freshwater fishes of Western Indonesia and Sulawesi. Periplus Editions, Hong Kong 1993, ISBN 0-945971-60-5.
  • M. Kottelat, K. K. P. Lim: Freshwater fishes of Sarawak and Brunei Darussalam: a preliminary annotated check-list. In: The Sarawak Museum Journal (New Series). Vol. 48, Nr. 69, 1995, S. 227–256.
  • M. Kottelat, E. Widjanarti: The fishes of Danau Sentarum National Park and the Kapuas Lakes area, Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia. In: The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Suppl. Nr. 13, 2005, S. 139–173.
  • M. Kottelat: Fishes of Laos. WHT Publications, 2001, ISBN 955-9114-25-5.
  • L. R. Parenti, K. K. P. Lim: Fishes of the Rajang Basin, Sarawak, Malaysia. In: The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. Suppl. Nr. 13, 2005, S. 175–208.
  • R. Pethiyagoda: Freshwater fishes of Sri Lanka. The Wildlife Heritage Trust of Sri Lanka, 1991, OCLC 1123261558.
  • W. J. Rainboth: FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. Fishes of the Cambodian Mekong. Rome 1996, ISBN 92-5103742-6.
  • C. T. Regan: The Asiatic fishes of the family Anabantidae. In: Proceedings of the General Meetings for Scientific Business of the Zoological Society of London 1909. Academic press, London 1910, S. 767–787.

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Schaufelfadenfisch: Brief Summary ( Almanca )

wikipedia DE tarafından sağlandı

Der Schaufelfadenfisch (Trichopodus pectoralis), ein Labyrinthfisch und zugleich der größte rezente „Östliche Fadenfisch“, ist in Südostasien und weit darüber hinaus verbreitet.

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Snakeskin gourami ( İngilizce )

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The snakeskin gourami (Trichopodus pectoralis) is a species of gourami native to Southeast Asia.[2] Prior to the merging of Belontidae to the family Osphronemidae, the snakeskin gourami was regarded as the largest member of its family. It is still the largest species in its genus and subfamily.

Etymology

The name Trichopodus comes from the Ancient Greek words θρίξ (thríx) which means hair and πούς (poús) which means foot while pectoralis comes from the Latin words pectus which means "chest" and ālis which means "of or pertaining to", refers to the large pectoral fins of the species.[3]

Physical characteristics

A large individual measuring approximately 19.5 centimetres

The snakeskin gourami is an elongated, moderately compressed fish with a small dorsal fin. Its anal fin is nearly the length of the body and the pelvic fins are long and thread-like. The back is olive in color and the flanks are greenish gray with a silver iridescence. An obvious, irregular black band extends from the snout, through the eye, and to the caudal peduncle.[2] The underparts are white. The rear part of the body may be marked with faint transverse stripes.[2] The fins are also gray-green, and the iris of the eye may be amber under favorable water conditions. The dorsal fins of male fish are pointed and the pelvic fins are orange to red. The males are also slimmer than the less colorful females. Juvenile snakeskin gouramis have strikingly strong zig-zag lines from the eye to the base of the tail.

This species can grow up to 25 centimetres (9.8 in) TL in length though most only reach about 15 centimetres (5.9 in).[2][4]

Distribution and habitat

They are common in the Mekong and Chao Phraya basin of, Thailand mainly, Southern Vietnam, Laos, and lastly Cambodia.[2] They have also been introduced in the Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Papua New Guinea, Sri Lanka, and New Caledonia.[5]

Snakeskin gourami are found in rice paddies, shallow ponds, and swamps. They are found in shallow, sluggish, or standing water habitats with a lot of aquatic vegetation. It also occurs in flooded forests of the lower Mekong, and gradually moves back to rivers as floodwaters recede.[2]

Ecology

Snakeskin gourami generally feeds on aquatic insects and other small living organisms in its habitat.[2] Like other labyrinth fish, it can breathe air directly, as well as absorb oxygen from water through its gills.[2]

Relationship to humans

Compared to other gourami species, the snakeskin gourami is less frequently sold as aquarium fish but is more commonly used as food fish in their native lands. The snakeskin gourami is a highly economical species that is captured and cultured for food and for export for the aquarium trade.[2] It is one of the five most important aquacultured freshwater species in Thailand.[6] Its flesh is of good quality, and may be fried, grilled or used for fish soup, like tom yam. In Thailand, there is a trade of dried snakeskin gourami for the benefit of people in areas where the live fish is not available.[2]

Famous areas for snakeskin gourami farming in Thailand are Bang Bo and Bang Phli Districts in Samut Prakan Province with Don Kamyan Sub-District in Mueang Suphan Buri District, Suphan Buri Province, but the area with the largest number of farms is Ban Phaeo District, Samut Sakhon Province. All of these are in the central region.[7]

In the aquarium

Trichopodus pectoralis are a hardy species recommended for a beginner in the fishkeeping hobby because, despite growing to a relatively large size, they are peaceful fish that can be kept in a community tank.[8] They can be mixed with barbs, danios, tetras, Corydoras, angelfish, loaches, Loricariids and other gourami.

A snakeskin gourami is a bottom and middle tank level dweller. It requires at least a 36inches (91 cm) length aquarium. A normal specimen should be kept in at least a 36-inches (91 cm) or 40gallon (151liter) tank to help them grow and thrive in a regular conditions, as a minimum tank size. The recommended pH is 5.8 to 8.5 with a water hardness of 2 to 30 dH and a temperature of 72 to 86 °F (22–30 °C). A snakeskin gourami can grow up to 8 inches (20 cm) in captivity and its spawns are also unusually large.

Snakeskin gouramies, being omnivores, eat live food such as Tubifex worms, insects, insect larvae and crustaceans. They also consume flakes, pellets, chopped spinach and lettuce. They are not picky and will accept any food offered.[8]

Breeding snakeskin gourami is not difficult. They will breed when they reach 5 inches (12.5 cm) length. It is the most prolific among all the gourami species. There can be as many as 5,000 fry from a single spawning period. The males are relatively nonaggressive, even at spawning times, which is unlike other labyrinth fishes.[8] The parents will also not eat the fry.[8] Fry can be raised by feeding progressively larger flake foods, in accordance with the size of the fry; occasionally feeding of live foods such as newly hatched brine shrimp is a welcome change in their diet.[8] During breeding, like some of other labyrinth species, snakeskin gouramies are observed to vocalize sounds described as croaking, growling or cracking tones, to demonstrate territorial behavior.

References

  1. ^ Vidthayanon, C. (2012). "Trichopodus pectoralis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012: e.T188087A1852593. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T188087A1852593.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2014). "Trichopodus pectoralis" in FishBase. February 2014 version.
  3. ^ "Trichogaster pectoralis".
  4. ^ *Butler, Rhett Ayers, Tropical Freshwater Aquarium Fish (TFAF), 1995 and Mongabay.com Website, 2002
  5. ^ Agbayani, Eli (2006-12-01). "Introductions of Trichogaster pectoralis". Retrieved 2007-05-19.
  6. ^ "National Aquaculture Sector Overview - Thailand". Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
  7. ^ "ทำไม "ปลาสลิด" ไม่มีหัว". Manager Daily (in Thai). 2013-06-06.
  8. ^ a b c d e Axelrod, Herbert R.; Emmens, C.; Burgess, W.; Pronek, N. (1996). Exotic Tropical Fishes. T.F.H. Publications. ISBN 0-87666-543-1.
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Snakeskin gourami: Brief Summary ( İngilizce )

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The snakeskin gourami (Trichopodus pectoralis) is a species of gourami native to Southeast Asia. Prior to the merging of Belontidae to the family Osphronemidae, the snakeskin gourami was regarded as the largest member of its family. It is still the largest species in its genus and subfamily.

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Trichopodus pectoralis ( Baskça )

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Trichopodus pectoralis Trichopodus generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Osphronemidae familian sailkatzen da.

Banaketa

Erreferentziak

  1. Froese, Rainer & Pauly, Daniel ed. (2006), Trichopodus pectoralis FishBase webgunean. 2006ko apirilaren bertsioa.

Ikus, gainera

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Trichopodus pectoralis: Brief Summary ( Baskça )

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Trichopodus pectoralis Trichopodus generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Osphronemidae familian sailkatzen da.

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Sepat siam ( Endonezce )

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Sepat siam (Trichogaster pectoralis) adalah sejenis ikan air tawar anggota suku gurami (Osphronemidae). Di Jawa Timur ia juga dikenal dengan nama sliper. Dalam bahasa Inggris disebut Siamese gourami (Siam adalah nama lama Thailand) atau snake-skin gouramy, merujuk pada pola warna belang-belang di sisi tubuhnya.

Pemerian

Ikan rawa yang bertubuh sedang, panjang total mencapai 25cm; namun umumnya kurang dari 20 cm[1]. Lebar pipih, dengan mulut agak meruncing.

Sirip-sirip punggung (dorsal), ekor, sirip dada dan sirip dubur berwarna gelap. Sepasang jari-jari terdepan pada sirip perut berubah menjadi alat peraba yang menyerupai cambuk atau pecut, yang memanjang hingga ke ekornya, dilengkapi oleh sepasang duri dan 2-3 jumbai pendek[2]. Rumus sirip punggungnya: VII (jari-jari keras atau duri) dan 10–11 (jari-jari lunak); dan sirip anal IX-XI, 36–38[3].

Ikan yang liar biasanya berwarna perak kusam kehitaman sampai agak kehijauan pada hampir seluruh tubuhnya. Terkadang sisi tubuh bagian belakang tampak agak terang berbelang-belang miring. Sejalur bintik besar kehitaman, yang hanya terlihat pada individu berwarna terang, terdapat di sisi tubuh mulai dari belakang mata hingga ke pangkal ekor.[4]

Kebiasaan dan Penyebaran

Tricho pecto 060702 2557 jtgno ed resize.jpg

Seperti umumnya sepat, ikan ini menyukai rawa-rawa, danau, sungai dan parit-parit yang berair tenang; terutama yang banyak ditumbuhi tumbuhan air[4]. Juga kerap terbawa oleh banjir dan masuk ke kolam-kolam serta saluran-saluran air hingga ke sawah-sawah.

Sebagian besar makanan sepat siam adalah tumbuh-tumbuhan air[4] dan lumut. Namun ikan ini juga mau memangsa hewan-hewan kecil di air, termasuk ikan-ikan kecil yang dapat termuat di mulutnya. Ikan ini sering ditemui di tempat-tempat yang kelindungan oleh vegetasi atau sampah-sampah yang menyangkut di tepi air.

Ikan sepat siam menyimpan telur-telurnya dalam sebuah sarang busa yang dijagai oleh si jantan. Setelah menetas, anak-anak sepat diasuh oleh bapaknya itu hingga dapat mencari makanan sendiri.

Sebagaimana kerabat dekatnya yakni tambakan, gurami, betok dan cupang, sepat siam tergolong ke dalam anak bangsa Anabantoidei. Kelompok ini dicirikan oleh adanya organ labirin (labyrinth) di ruang insangnya, yang amat berguna untuk membantu menghirup oksigen langsung dari udara. Adanya labirin ini memungkinkan ikan-ikan tersebut hidup di tempat-tempat yang miskin oksigen seperti rawa-rawa, sawah dan lain-lain.[5] Akan tetapi, tak seperti ikan-ikan yang mempunyai kemampuan serupa (lihat misalnya ikan gabus, betok, atau lele), ikan sepat tak mampu bertahan lama di luar air. Ikan ini justru dikenal amat mudah mabuk dan lekas mati jika ditangkap.

Penyebaran asli ikan ini adalah di wilayah Asia Tenggara, terutama di lembah Sungai Mekong di Laos, Thailand, Kamboja dan Vietnam; juga dari lembah Sungai Chao Phraya[4]. Ikan ini diintroduksi ke Filipina, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapura, Papua Nugini, Sri Lanka, dan Kaledonia Baru.[6]. Sepat siam dimasukkan ke Indonesia pada tahun 1934, untuk dikembangkan pembudidayaannya di kolam-kolam dan sawah[3]. Tahun 1937, sepat ini dimasukkan ke Danau Tempe di Sulawesi dan sedemikian berhasil, sehingga dua tahun kemudian ikan ini mendominasi 70% hasil ikan Danau Tempe[7]. Saat ini sepat siam telah meliar dan berbiak di berbagai tempat di alam bebas, termasuk di Jawa.

Nilai ekonomi

Sepat siam merupakan ikan konsumsi yang penting, terutama sebagai sumber protein di daerah pedesaan. Selain dijual dalam keadaan segar di pasar, sepat siam kerap diawetkan dalam bentuk ikan asin dan diperdagangkan antar pulau di Indonesia.

Tidak seperti jenis sepat yang lain, sepat siam kurang populer sebagai ikan akuarium. Namun terdapat beberapa varian yang berwarna cerah (putih, kuning atau merah) yang diperdagangkan sebagai ikan hias. Di Thailand, sepat siam merupakan salah satu dari lima ikan air tawar terpenting yang dibudidayakan untuk konsumsi maupun untuk akuarium[8].

Jenis yang serupa

Rujukan

  1. ^ Butler, Rhett Ayers, Tropical Freshwater Aquarium Fish (TFAF), 1995 and Mongabay.com Website, 2002
  2. ^ Weber, M. and L.F. de Beaufort. 1922. The Fishes of The Indo-Australian Archipelago IV:365. E.J. Brill. Leiden. (sebagai Trichopodus)
  3. ^ a b Kottelat, M., A.J. Whitten, S.N. Kartikasari, S. Wirjoatmodjo. 1993. Ikan Air Tawar Indonesia Bagian Barat dan Sulawesi. Periplus Edition (HK) Ltd. dan Proyek EMDI KMNKLH Jakarta. hal 228.
  4. ^ a b c d "Trichogaster pectoralis". FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. May 2007 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2007.
  5. ^ Kottelat, M., A.J. Whitten, S.N. Kartikasari, S. Wirjoatmodjo. 1993. Ikan Air Tawar Indonesia Bagian Barat dan Sulawesi. Periplus Edition (HK) Ltd. dan Proyek EMDI KMNKLH Jakarta. hal 218.
  6. ^ Agbayani, Eli (2006-12-01). "Introductions of Trichogaster pectoralis". Diakses tanggal 2007-05-19.
  7. ^ Whitten, A.J., M. Mustafa, dan G.S. Henderson. 1987. Ekologi Sulawesi. Gadjah Mada Univ. Press. Yogyakarta. Hal 351-353
  8. ^ "National Aquaculture Sector Overview - Thailand". Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Pranala luar dan bacaan lanjut

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Sepat siam: Brief Summary ( Endonezce )

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Sepat siam (Trichogaster pectoralis) adalah sejenis ikan air tawar anggota suku gurami (Osphronemidae). Di Jawa Timur ia juga dikenal dengan nama sliper. Dalam bahasa Inggris disebut Siamese gourami (Siam adalah nama lama Thailand) atau snake-skin gouramy, merujuk pada pola warna belang-belang di sisi tubuhnya.

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Trichogaster pectoralis ( İtalyanca )

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Trichogaster pectoralis Regan, 1910 è un pesce osseo d'acqua dolce appartenente alla famiglia Osphronemidae.

Distribuzione e habitat

È endemico del bacino del Mekong in Asia sudorientale. Presente anche nel Chao Phraya[2]. Risulta introdotto e naturalizzato in varie aree tropicali nel mondo tra cui la Colombia e quasi tutti i paesi tropicali asiatici, talvolta comportandosi come una pericolosa specie aliena e danneggiando le popolazioni ittiche autoctone[3].

Vive in ambienti con acque ferme o quasi, poco profonde e ricche di piante acquatiche. Comune nelle foreste inondate[2].

Descrizione

Il corpo è piuttosto appiattito e compresso lateralmente. La pinna dorsale è unica: ha una parte anteriore di brevi raggi spinosi seguiti dalla parte molle con raggi più lunghi. La pinna caudale è leggermente incisa al centro. Le pinne ventrali hanno il primo raggio allungatissimo (arriva alla pinna caudale), con funzioni sensoriali. Il corpo è coperto di fasce scure oblique e incrociate, talvolta poco visibili. Una fascia scura, più o meno continua o suddivisa in macchie allineate, va dall'occhio al peduncolo caudale. Misura fino a 25 cm per 500 grammi di peso, comunemente misura fino a 15 cm[2].

Comportamento

È in grado di respirare aria atmosferica[2].

Alimentazione

Prevalentemente vegetariano[2].

Pesca

La carne di questo pesce è molto apprezzata nelle regioni di origine, viene consumata alla griglia o in zuppa. In Thailandia esiste un fiorente mercato di individui essiccati tra le zone di pesca della specie e le regioni dove questa non è presente. Viene inoltre allevato in piscicoltura sia per il mercato acquariofilo che come pesce da consumo[2].

Acquariofilia

Può essere allevato negli acquari domestici anche se raggiunge dimensioni piuttosto grandi[2].

Conservazione

La vastità dell'areale e l'acclimatazione della specie in aree estranee all'areale naturale fanno sì che questa specie sia considerata a rischio minimo. Alcune popolazioni tuttavia sono in diminuzione a causa dell'inquinamento (non tollerato da T. pectoralis) e della distruzione dell'habitat. Quasi tutti gli individui sul mercato, sia acquariofilo che alimentare, provengono da allevamenti[1].

Note

  1. ^ a b (EN) Trichogaster pectoralis, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g (EN) Trichogaster pectoralis, su FishBase. URL consultato il 09/09/2014.
  3. ^ (EN) Sommario delle introduzioni da Fishbase

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Trichogaster pectoralis: Brief Summary ( İtalyanca )

wikipedia IT tarafından sağlandı

Trichogaster pectoralis Regan, 1910 è un pesce osseo d'acqua dolce appartenente alla famiglia Osphronemidae.

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Ikan Sepat Siam ( Malayca )

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Ikan Sepat Siam atau nama saintifiknya Trichopodus pectoralis,[1] (Bahasa Thai: ปลาสลิด Pla salit) adalah satu spesies ikan sepat yang banyak dijadikan makanan atau ikan hiasan. Ikan ini boleh ditemui di rawa-rawa, danau, sungai dan parit-parit yang berair tenang; terutama yang banyak ditumbuhi tumbuhan air. Juga kerap terbawa oleh banjir dan masuk ke kolam-kolam serta saluran-saluran air hingga ke sawah-sawah.

Keterangan

Sebagian besar makanan sepat siam adalah tumbuh-tumbuhan air dan lumut. Namun ikan ini juga mau memangsa haiwan-haiwan kecil di air, termasuk ikan-ikan kecil yang muat di mulutnya. Ikan ini sering ditemui di tempat-tempat yang terlindung oleh tumbuhan atau sampah-sarap yang tersangkut di tepi air. Ikan sepat siam menyimpan telur-telurnya dalam sebuah sarang buih yang dijaga oleh si jantan. Setelah menetas, anak-anak sepat diasuh oleh bapaknya itu hingga dapat mencari makanan sendiri.

Sebagaimana kerabat dekatnya yakni tambakan, gurami, betok dan cupang, sepat siam tergolong ke dalam anak bangsa Anabantoidei. Kelompok ini dicirikan oleh adanya organ labirin (labyrinth) di ruang insangnya, yang amat berguna untuk membantu menyerap oksigen langsung dari udara. Adanya labirin ini memungkinkan ikan-ikan tersebut hidup di tempat-tempat yang miskin oksigen seperti rawa-rawa, sawah dan lain-lain. Akan tetapi, tak seperti ikan-ikan yang mempunyai kemampuan serupa (lihat misalnya ikan gabus, betok, atau lele), ikan sepat tak mampu bertahan lama di luar air. Ikan ini justru dikenal amat mudah mabuk dan lekas mati jika ditangkap. Penyebaran asli ikan ini adalah di wilayah Asia Tenggara, terutama di lembah Sungai Mekong di Laos, Thailand, Kamboja dan Vietnam; juga dari lembah Sungai Chao Phraya. Ikan ini diperkenalkan ke Filipina, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapura, Papua Newgini, Sri Lanka, dan Kaledonia Baru. Sepat siam dimasukkan ke Indonesia pada tahun 1934, untuk dikembangkan pembudidayaannya di kolam-kolam dan sawah. Tahun 1937, sepat ini dimasukkan ke Danau Tempe di Sulawesi dan sedemikian berhasil, sehingga dua tahun kemudian ikan ini mendominasi 70% hasil ikan Danau Tempe. Saat ini sepat siam telah meliar dan berbiak di berbagai tempat di alam bebas, termasuk di Jawa.

Rujukan

  1. ^ Paepke, Hans-Joachim (2009-12-11). "Again: About the Nomenclature of Trichopodus pectoralis REGAN, 1910; Trichopus cantoris SAUVAGE, 1884 and Osphronemus saigonensis BORODIN, 1930 – a necessary correction (Teleostei: Perciformes: Osphronemidae)" (PDF). Vertebrate Zoology. Dresden: Museum für Tierkunde Dresden. 59 (2): 143–145. ISSN 1864-5755. Dicapai 12 November 2011. Parameter |month= tidak diketahui diabaikan (bantuan)

Pautan luar

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Ikan Sepat Siam: Brief Summary ( Malayca )

wikipedia MS tarafından sağlandı

Ikan Sepat Siam atau nama saintifiknya Trichopodus pectoralis, (Bahasa Thai: ปลาสลิด Pla salit) adalah satu spesies ikan sepat yang banyak dijadikan makanan atau ikan hiasan. Ikan ini boleh ditemui di rawa-rawa, danau, sungai dan parit-parit yang berair tenang; terutama yang banyak ditumbuhi tumbuhan air. Juga kerap terbawa oleh banjir dan masuk ke kolam-kolam serta saluran-saluran air hingga ke sawah-sawah.

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wikipedia MS