Creagrutus provenzanoi Vari & Harold 2001

Creagrutus provenzanoi, MBUCV V-14547, 2, 46.4–47.1 mm; Venezuela, Bolivar, Río Cataniapo

Creagrutus runa, MZUSP 29890, 1, 41.5 mm; Brazil, Amazonas, Rio Negro, Cachoeira de Sño Gabriel. MCNG 23311, 1, 56.3 mm; Venezuela, Amazonas, upper Río Negro.

Creagrutus provenzanoi

DIAGNOSIS.—The combination of the possession of premaxillary dentition arranged in the three components generalized for most of the species of Creagrutus and Piabina, without a distinctly larger gap between the first and second teeth of the primary series, 6, occasionally 5, teeth in the primary series of each premaxilla, 3 or 4 maxillary teeth, 6, less commonly 7, teeth on each dentary, 9 to 11 predorsal median scales, 38 to 42 lateral line scales without a lamellar process over each pore, 4 or 5, usually 5, scale rows between the dorsal-fin origin and the lateral line, 11 or 12 branched anal-fin rays, 37 to 39 vertebrae, 7 or 8 gill rakers on the upper limb of the first gill arch, 12 or 13 gill rakers on the lower limb of the first gill arch, the distance from the snout to the pectoral-fin insertion (24.4%–27.3% of SL), the distance from the dorsal-fin origin to the anal-fin origin (28.8%–32.6% of SL), the distance from the dorsal-fin origin to the pelvic-fin insertion (23.8%–28.0% of SL), the distance from the dorsal-fin origin to the pectoral-fin insertion (29.4%–33.0% of SL), the caudal peduncle depth (9.9%–11.4% of SL), the bony orbital diameter (33.2%–39.0% of SL), the interorbital width (27.4%–30.1% of SL), the close approach or contact between the ventral margin of the third infraorbital and the horizontal limb of the preopercle, the presence of a distinct, but narrow, dark midlateral stripe on the posterior two-thirds of the body, the lack of a distinct spot of dark pigmentation at the base of the middle caudal-fin rays, the rotund, but vertically elongate humeral markwithout a secondary, dorsal patch of pigmentation, the absence of a distinct patch of pigmentation on the dorsal fin, and the lack of a series of dark spots along the midlateral surface of the body distinguishes Creagrutus provenzanoi within the clade formed by Creagrutus and Piabina.

Characters A B

Morphometrics

Standard length 44.2 40.9–57.6

1. Snout to anal-fin origin 62.0 60.3–65.7

2. Snout to pelvic-fin insertion 46.3 46.1–48.7

3. Snout to pectoral-fin insertion 25.1 24.4–27.3

4. Snout to dorsal-fin origin 46.4 45.3–48.9

5. Dorsal-fin origin to hypural joint 56.7 55.3–59.0

6. Dorsal-fin origin to anal-fin origin 31.0 28.8–32.6

7. Dorsal-fin origin to pelvic-fin insertion 25.8 23.8–28.0

8. Dorsal-fin origin to pectoral-fin insertion 29.4 29.4–33.0

9. Caudal peduncle depth 11.2 9.9–11.4

10. Pectoral-fin length 20.5 18.7–21.6

11. Pelvic-fin length 16.7 14.6–17.2

12. Dorsal-fin length 23.1 19.3–23.3

13. Anal-fin length 18.4 16.2–18.6

14. Head length 27.3 24.9–28.2

15. Postorbital head length 40.7 40.4–45.3

16. Snout length 29.8 27.4–30.9

17. Bony orbital diameter 38.2 33.2–39.0

18. Interorbital width 29.0 27.4–30.1

Meristics

Lateral line scales 39 38–42

Scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line 5 4–51

Scale rows between anal-fin origin and lateral line 3 3

Predorsal median scales 9 9–11

Branched dorsal-fin rays 8 8

Branched anal-fin rays 11 11–12

Branched pelvic-fin rays 6 6–72

Pectoral-fin rays 13 12–14

Vertebrae 37 37–393

1Four scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line present in only 3 of 39 paratypes.

2Seven branched pelvic-fin rays present in only 3 of 39 paratypes.

3Thirty-nine vertebrae present in only 1 of 39 paratype.

DESCRIPTION.—Morphometric and meristic data for Creagrutus provenzanoi in Table 50. Head and body moderately robust, more so in anterior portion of body in larger specimens. Greatest body depth at, to slightly anterior of, dorsal-fin origin. Dorsal profile of head distinctly convex from margin of upper lip to vertical through posterior nostril, slightly convex from that point to tip of supraoccipital spine; convexity in this region less pronounced in larger individuals. Interorbital region transversely rounded. Dorsal profile of body slightly convex from tip of supraoccipital spine to dorsal-fin origin, but without any distinct change in alignment relative to dorsal profile of head. Predorsal surface of body with obtuse middorsal ridge, ridge more obvious posteriorly. Ventral profile of head with obtuse angle at anteroventral corner of dentary, angle variably obvious; profile slightly convex from angle to isthmus. Prepelvic profile of body slightly convex in smaller individuals, more convex in certain larger specimens. Prepelvic region of body transversely rounded.

Head obtusely pointed in lateral view, somewhat more compressed in dorsal view. Upper jaw somewhat longer than, and overhanging, lower jaw. Anterior of snout, particularly anteromedial portion, with numerous papillae. Papillae more concentrated on fleshy upper lip, especially along ventral lip margin and on folds and plicae extending between outer and medial premaxillary teeth. Lower lip with numerous papillae along dorsal surface and scattered papillae anteriorly.

Infraorbital series well developed in all specimens larger than 30 mm SL, with ventral margin of third infraorbital falling slightly short of preopercle in smaller specimens, but contacting horizontal limb of preopercle in larger individuals. Posterior margins of third through fifth infraorbitals distinctly separated from vertical limb of preopercle in larger specimens; gap decreasing proportionally ontogenetically, but still distinct in larger specimens.

Premaxillary dentition in three series: primary series sigmoid, with 6, occasionally 5, tricuspidate teeth, without pronounced gap between first and second teeth in series, but with medial tooth separated from matching tooth of contralateral series by distinct gap; triangular cluster of 3 teeth, all larger than those of primary series; and single tooth of form similar to that of primary series occurring lateral to fourth tooth or in region slightly anterolateral to area of contact of third and fourth teeth of primary premaxillary row. Maxilla with 3 or 4 tricuspidate teeth, 3 teeth typically present in smaller individuals. Dentary with 6, less commonly 7, tricuspidate teeth, with cusps barely apparent on seventh tooth, when present; second tooth more massive than, and about one-fourth longer than, first tooth; about 1.5 times as high as third tooth; third tooth twice as high as fourth tooth; fourth through sixth or seventh teeth gradually becoming smaller.

Dorsal-fin rays ii,8 in all specimens. Dorsal-fin origin approximately at vertical through pelvic-fin insertion. Profile of distal margin of dorsal fin slightly concave. Anal-fin rays iii,10–11 or ii,10. Profile of distal margin of anal fin concave. Mature males with hooks on distal margins of first 3 to 5 branched anal-fin rays, and occasionally on last unbranched ray; number of hooks decreasing posteriorly and becoming progressively limited to increasingly more distal portions of fin ray. Pectoral-fin rays i,11–13, typically i,11. Tip of pectoral fin falling 1 or 2 scales short of pelvic-fin insertion. Pelvic-fin rays i,6,i, or i,7, with i,7 limited to some larger specimens. Tip of pelvic fin falling 1 or 2 scales short of anal-fin origin. Mature males with hooks on all branched pelvic-fin rays, including medial ray when branched and sometimes on medial ray when it is unbranched; if hooks present on medial ray, then hooks usually less dense than those on branched rays.

Gill rakers 7–8 (typically 8) + 12–13.

COLORATION IN ALCOHOL.—Ground coloration tan. Dorsal surface of head in smallest specimens with dense dark pigmentation on membranes overlying brain and scattered, dark chromatophores on snout. Specimens greater than 30 mm SL with entire dorsal surface of head covered with dense field of small, dark chromatophores extending anterior to margin of upper lip and posterior to anterior margin of orbit. Density of field somewhat less on upper lip in some individuals. Region anterior of nostrils with pigmentation somewhat more intense, forming distinct crescent-shaped patch present in smaller specimens, but pigmentation patch not obvious and subsumed into darker overall pigmentation in that region in medium-sized to larger individuals. Smaller individuals with narrow band of dark pigmentation extending from anteroventral of nostrils to under orbit; band subsumed into overall darker pigmentation in that region in larger specimens. Region posterior to orbit and on dorsal portion of opercle with scattered, relatively large, dark chromatophores in smaller specimens, chromatophore field expanding further ventrally and becoming somewhat more dense, especially along posterior margin of orbit, in larger individuals.

Scales of dorsolateral surface of body with series of dark chromatophores along posterior margin in smaller individuals; chromatophore field becoming progressively wider in larger specimens but with basal portions of scales lacking chromatophores and forming regular pattern of lighter colored reticulation against darker background. Humeral mark very obvious and vertically elongate in specimens of all sizes. Mark comma-shaped and limited to lateral portion of body in smaller individuals; smaller specimens with main body of mark darkest and centered midlaterally, with anterior arching patch of more diffuse dark chromatophores extending dorsally from intensely pigmented region. Main portion of mark becoming more intensely pigmented and vertically elongate with increasing body size. Mark in larger individuals extending ventrally by more diffuse, usually ventrally tapering patch of chromatophores, continuing in largest specimens to about 1 scale dorsal of horizontal through pectoral-fin insertion. Humeral mark in larger specimens extending dorsally from main midlateral portion to dorsal midline as less densely pigmented anterodorsally angled patch. Contralateral humeral marks in largest specimens meeting middorsally and forming horizontally elongate dark stripe that extends about 3 scales along predorsal region; middorsal mark extending about 1 scale posteriorly from main body of humeral mark. Middorsal scales posterior to humeral mark with patches of dark pigmentation in larger specimens. Midlateral body stripe limited to posterior two-thirds of body, distinctly more intense posteriorly. Stripe distinct anteriorly in smaller specimens but merging anteriorly into overall dark pigmentation on lateral surface of the body in larger individuals.

Dorsal fin with first unbranched, and distal portions of second unbranched rays, covered with dark stellate chromatophores. Membranes of all but posterior 1 or 2 branched dorsal-fin rays with dispersed dark, irregularly shaped, chromatophores. Chromatophore field becoming progressive shorter on distal portions of successive fin membranes. Distal portion of second and third unbranched and first, and sometimes second, branched anal-fin rays unpigmented; otherwise fin rays outlined by small dark chromatophores, with scattered, dark chromatophores on intervening portions of fin membranes. Middle rays of caudal fin more intensely pigmented than rest of fin, with remaining fin rays outlined to varying degrees by small dark chromatophores. Pectoral and pelvic fins hyaline, or with some scattered, small, dark chromatophores in larger specimens.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name, provenzanoi, is in honor of our colleague, Francisco Provenzano, Universidad Central de Venezuela, for his contributions to our understanding of Venezuelan fishes, and for his assistance to the authors over many years.

ECOLOGY.—Some paratypes of Creagrutus provenzanoi (USNM 270229) were collected along the margin of the Río Cataniapo over sand and rocks in moderately to swiftly flowing, slightly turbid water. One paratype (ANSP 165530) was captured in a moderate to swift current over submerged vegetation. One specimen of C. provenzanoi (MBUCV V-29074) was captured with the type series of C. veruina.

DISTRIBUTION.—Creagrutus provenzanoi is only known from the Río Cataniapo, a right bank tributary of the Río Orinoco in Amazonas, Venezuela (Figure 83, square).

COMPARISONS.—Creagrutus provenzanoi is very similar to C. ephippiatus of the Río Siapa, a tributary of the Río Casiquiare, in the upper Río Negro basin. The two species can be distinguished on the basis of the more arcuate dorsal portion of the humeral mark, which extends further dorsally in C. ephippiatus compared to the mark in C. provenzanoi, the numbers of rows of scales above the lateral line (5, rarely 4, in C. provenzanoi versus 4, rarely 5, in C. ephippiatus), and less discretely in the relative distance from the snout to the pectoral-fin insertion (24.4%–27.3% of SL versus 22.8%–24.7% of SL, respectively).

Within the Río Orinoco basin, C. provenzanoi is most similar to C. magoi, a species that occurs in right bank tributaries to the Río Orinoco downstream of the range of C. provenzanoi. The two species can be readily distinguished by differences in the number of gill rakers on the upper limb of the first gill arch (7 or 8 in C. provenzanoi versus 9 to 11, rarely 9, in C. magoi) and in the number of scales above the lateral line to the dorsal-fin origin (5, very rarely 4, in C. provenzanoi versus 4, rarely 5, in C. magoi). The two species also differ in the relative width of the interorbital region (27.4%–30.1% of HL in C. provenzanoi versus 30.4%–34.3% of HL in C. magoi). The only other species of Creagrutus known from the Río Cataniapo basin is C. veruina. Creagrutus provenzanoi can be distinguished from C. veruina by the form of the humeral mark (expanded and rounded immediately above the lateral line in C. provenzanoi versus bar-like in C. veruina), the number of scales below the lateral line to the anal-fin origin (3 versus 2, respectively), and by various proportional morphometric features (compare Tables 50 and 56).

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—119 specimens (29, 40.9–57.6).

HOLOTYPE.—VENEZUELA. Amazonas: Upper Río Cataniapo basin, small caño above Saramä Sota, R. Royero et al., 18 Aug 1984, MBUCV V-14392, 1 (44.2).

PARATYPES.—29 specimens (29, 40.9–57.6).

VENEZUELA. Amazonas: Upper Río Cataniapo basin, small caño above Saramä Sota, collected with holotype, MBUCV V-29070, 5 (40.9–51.7); USNM 355117, 2 (45.0–53.4). Departamento Ature, Río Cataniapo where crossed by road from Puerto Ayacucho to Samariapo, R.P. Vari et al., 2 Dec 1984, USNM 207229, 3 (46.0–57.6). Río Cataniapo, approximately 30 km S of Puerto Ayacucho, F. Provenzano, 10 Nov 1989, MBUCV V-21657, 1 (49.9). Upper Río Cataniapo, caño approximately 2 km before Salto Nieve, MBUCV V-29071, 12 (42.4–52.1); USNM 355119, 5 (42.0–49.9; 2 specimens cleared and counterstained). Río Cataniapo, approximately 3.0 km S of Puerto Ayacucho (5°35′N, 67°35′W), S. Schaefer et al., 10 Nov 1989, ANSP 165530, 1 (50.2).

NONTYPE SPECIMENS.—89 specimens.

VENEZUELA. Amazonas: Río Cataniapo basin, Caño Blanco, approximately 3 km by river above San Pedro, MBUCV V-14527, 16. Río Cataniapo, Saramä Sato, MBUCV V-14421, 38. Upper Río Cataniapo, caño approximately 2 km before Salto Nieve, MBUCV V-14547, 10. Río Cataniapo, Salto Nieve, MBUCV V-14450, 24. Río Cataniapo, 200 m above Las Pavas, MBUCV V-29074, 1.

Creagrutus provenzanoi és una espècie de peix de la família dels caràcids i de l'ordre dels caraciformes.

Creagrutus provenzanoi es una especie de peces de la familia Characidae en el orden de los Characiformes.

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});

Creagrutus provenzanoi Creagrutus generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Actinopterygii klasean sailkatzen da, Characidae familian.

普羅氏鈎齒脂鯉，為輻鰭魚綱脂鯉目脂鯉亞目脂鯉科的其中一個種，分布於南美洲Cataniapo河流域，體長可達5.8公分，棲息在底中層水域，生活習性不明。