Morphology
(
İngilizce
)
Animal Diversity Web tarafından sağlandı
Hepsetus odoe bears a striking resemblance to the European pike. It is, however, the only member of its genus and a characiform, only distantly related to the European pike. Kafue pike are torpedo-shaped, predatory fish. The body form is elongate with a pronounced snout. The dorsal surface is usually dark brown or green while the ventral surface is silvery. The face is often light green or brown with prominent dark brown or black stripes radiating from the eye. The coloration of the adults is relatively uniform but coloration of young is extremely variable (Jubb, 1961).
The scales of the Kafue pike are rough to the touch and number 49-58 along its lateral line. The dorsal fin has 9 rays total, with 2 unbranched and 7 branched. The dorsal fin origin is set far back on the body, behind the anal fin origin. The adipose fin, with its red or orange base and black tip, lies midway between dorsal and caudal fins. The anal fin has a total of 11 rays with 2 unbranched and 9 branched. The unpaired fins often have fine black spots between the rays (Jubb, 1967).
The most striking feature of H. odoe is its dentition. Both upper and lower jaws are filled with sharp pointed teeth, but the lower jaw has two rows while the upper only has one. There are also two large canines in each jaw. Two pairs of dermal flaps can be found on the upper and lower jaws (Barnard, 1971). The folds on the upper jaw are smaller than those on the lower jaw. They were once thought to be sensory organs but are now thought to be used in building nests for breeding (Merron et al., 1990).
Average mass: 1.2 kg.
Range length: 37-47 (high) cm.
Other Physical Features: ectothermic ; heterothermic ; bilateral symmetry
Sexual Dimorphism: sexes alike
Average mass: 2200 g.
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- The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
- bibliyografik atıf
- Stewart, B. 2003. "Hepsetus odoe" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Hepsetus_odoe.html
- yazar
- Bobbie Stewart, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
- düzenleyici
- William Fink, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
Life Expectancy
(
İngilizce
)
Animal Diversity Web tarafından sağlandı
Hepsetus odoe are known to live 4-5 years in the wild (Montambault, 2000).
Average lifespan
Status: wild: 4.5 years.
Average lifespan
Status: captivity: 5 years.
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- The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
- bibliyografik atıf
- Stewart, B. 2003. "Hepsetus odoe" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Hepsetus_odoe.html
- yazar
- Bobbie Stewart, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
- düzenleyici
- William Fink, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
Habitat
(
İngilizce
)
Animal Diversity Web tarafından sağlandı
Hepsetus odoe is usually found near the banks of rivers in heavy vegetation, but also can be found in swampy environments, lagoons and backwaters. In areas where one of its major predators is absent (Hydrocynus forskahlii), Kafue pike will venture into more open waters (Jackson, 1961).
Habitat Regions: tropical ; freshwater
Aquatic Biomes: lakes and ponds; rivers and streams
Wetlands: swamp
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- The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
- bibliyografik atıf
- Stewart, B. 2003. "Hepsetus odoe" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Hepsetus_odoe.html
- yazar
- Bobbie Stewart, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
- düzenleyici
- William Fink, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
Distribution
(
İngilizce
)
Animal Diversity Web tarafından sağlandı
Hepsetus odoe is widespread in the tropical regions west and central Africa. It is found in most rivers in West Africa from the Senegal southwards to Botswana. The southern limit of its distribution is the Okavango Delta in Northern Botswana (Merron et al., 1990).
Biogeographic Regions: ethiopian (Native )
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- bibliyografik atıf
- Stewart, B. 2003. "Hepsetus odoe" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Hepsetus_odoe.html
- yazar
- Bobbie Stewart, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
- düzenleyici
- William Fink, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
Trophic Strategy
(
İngilizce
)
Animal Diversity Web tarafından sağlandı
H. odoe is piscivorous, feeding on several species of smaller fish. They are primarily diurnal ambush predators, hiding out in dense vegetation and lunging suddenly to seize prey (Winemiller, 1993). Their diet consists primarily of cichlids and mormyrids. Although smaller specimens have been found to eat mochokid catfishes in greater amounts than cichlids or mormyrids (Winemiller, 1993).
Animal Foods: fish
Primary Diet: carnivore (Piscivore )
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- The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
- bibliyografik atıf
- Stewart, B. 2003. "Hepsetus odoe" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Hepsetus_odoe.html
- yazar
- Bobbie Stewart, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
- düzenleyici
- William Fink, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
Associations
(
İngilizce
)
Animal Diversity Web tarafından sağlandı
Very little is known about the ecosystem role of this species, other than it is a high level predator in freshwater systems (Winemiller, 1993).
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- The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
- bibliyografik atıf
- Stewart, B. 2003. "Hepsetus odoe" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Hepsetus_odoe.html
- yazar
- Bobbie Stewart, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
- düzenleyici
- William Fink, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
Benefits
(
İngilizce
)
Animal Diversity Web tarafından sağlandı
H. odoe is a prized game fish in Africa. Anglers from all around the world come to fish for it. Despite its small size, the Kafue pike is considered a better sport fish than H. forskahlii (Sepupa, 1997).
Positive Impacts: food
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- The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
- bibliyografik atıf
- Stewart, B. 2003. "Hepsetus odoe" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Hepsetus_odoe.html
- yazar
- Bobbie Stewart, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
- düzenleyici
- William Fink, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
Life Cycle
(
İngilizce
)
Animal Diversity Web tarafından sağlandı
Very little is known about the development of H. odoe. However, it is suspected that the species undergoes direct development due to a very short larval period (Merron et al., 1990). When the young hatch, they wiggle their way through the nest to the water. Upon submersion the larvae attach themselves to the bottom edge of the nest using a special cement gland on the top of their heads. They hang there, suspended tail down for four days. As they develop, they begin to move away from the nest, often attaching to nearby vegetation. As they become more developed, the fry rely less on their cement gland and eventually, in just a week or so, become free swimming.
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- The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
- bibliyografik atıf
- Stewart, B. 2003. "Hepsetus odoe" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Hepsetus_odoe.html
- yazar
- Bobbie Stewart, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
- düzenleyici
- William Fink, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
Conservation Status
(
İngilizce
)
Animal Diversity Web tarafından sağlandı
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: no special status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern
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- The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
- bibliyografik atıf
- Stewart, B. 2003. "Hepsetus odoe" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Hepsetus_odoe.html
- yazar
- Bobbie Stewart, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
- düzenleyici
- William Fink, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
Behavior
(
İngilizce
)
Animal Diversity Web tarafından sağlandı
Perception Channels: tactile ; chemical
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- The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
- bibliyografik atıf
- Stewart, B. 2003. "Hepsetus odoe" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Hepsetus_odoe.html
- yazar
- Bobbie Stewart, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
- düzenleyici
- William Fink, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
Başlıksız
(
İngilizce
)
Animal Diversity Web tarafından sağlandı
H. odoe is the only characid in its range that displays nest building reproductive behavior (Merron, Holden, & Bruton, 1990).
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- The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
- bibliyografik atıf
- Stewart, B. 2003. "Hepsetus odoe" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Hepsetus_odoe.html
- yazar
- Bobbie Stewart, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
- düzenleyici
- William Fink, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
Associations
(
İngilizce
)
Animal Diversity Web tarafından sağlandı
H. odoe avoids open water where its biggest predator is found. It uses weeds and vegetation along with its coloring to avoid detection (Jackson, 1961).
Known Predators:
- tigerfish (Hydrocynus forskahlii)
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- The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
- bibliyografik atıf
- Stewart, B. 2003. "Hepsetus odoe" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Hepsetus_odoe.html
- yazar
- Bobbie Stewart, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
- düzenleyici
- William Fink, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
Reproduction
(
İngilizce
)
Animal Diversity Web tarafından sağlandı
The onset of the spawning season varies depending upon the region, but the method is consistant across Hepsetus odoe populations. Spawning season usually begins after the flood season has begun; it is suspected that flood waters may actually stimulate the gonads of H. odoe. However, water temperatures play a critical role as well, and it is not until August that the water temperatures are likely to reach optimal levels for the eggs and developing embryos.
Females are repeat spawners and produce about 6,440 eggs in a season. These eggs vary in size from 2.5-2.9 mm in diameter. As with many other species of fish, H. odoe must reach a certain length before being able to breed. Males mature at 140 mm while females do not mature until they reach 160 mm. Prior to spawning, the adults stake out a territory and begin defending it from rivals. They also begin to build a portion of a nest out of foam bubbles. The nest is irregularly dome-shaped with an average diameter of 17 cm and an average height of 9 cm. This nest will hold the fertilized eggs and will be guarded by the adults until after the eggs hatch. The fertilized eggs are inserted in the nest during spawning and actually rest above the surface of the water, often as much as 3 cm. The nest is built around strands of vegetation, which gives it extra stability and protection from wind induced wave action. The nest building is thought to give this species a few advantages in an area where actual flood levels and times fluctuate from year to year.
1) acts as a deterrent to predators due to both its placement in highly vegetation areas, as well as providing a hiding place for developing embryos and newly hatched larvae.
2) places the eggs out of the water and the embryos at the air/water interphase, the young are provided with an oxygen rich environment during a seasonal time of low oxygen concentration.
3) floats on the surface of the water, which keeps the nest at the optimal oxygen level when water levels fluctuate.
4) provides an anchor for the young to attach themselves to. This prevents the small fry from being swept away by the current into areas where they could be preyed upon or where there is insufficient oxygen for their development (Merron et al., 1990).
Breeding season: Spawning usually begins in August and continues until January. Although in some locations there is an extended spawning season which lasts until May.
Average number of offspring: 6,440.
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; sexual ; fertilization (External ); viviparous
The adults guard the foam bubble nests until the young have hatched and attached themselves to the bottom edge. During this time, it is believed that the adults actively protect and rebuild the nest, applying foam where needed. After the young have attached themselves to the bottom edge of the nest, the adults abandon it and their young. The nest breaks up about four days afterwards (Merron et al., 1990).
Parental Investment: male parental care ; female parental care
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- The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
- bibliyografik atıf
- Stewart, B. 2003. "Hepsetus odoe" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Hepsetus_odoe.html
- yazar
- Bobbie Stewart, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
- düzenleyici
- William Fink, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
Kwando River System Habitat
(
İngilizce
)
EOL authors tarafından sağlandı
The Kwando River system is generally construed to consist of the upper Kwando originating in the Angolan headwaters, the middle reach Linyanti swamps and the lower reach Chobe River. The 70 centimeter (cm) Kafue pike (Hepsetus odoe) is a demersal species native to the Kwando River system. Ion concentrations jgenerally in the rapid flowing river mainstem tends to be low in ionic content; however, swampy areas often contain higher concentrations of nitrate and other ionic components. Correspondingly, planktonic content is only appreciable at these slackwater portions of the river, notably in the Linyanti Swamp. The Kwando waters generally exhibit a lower pH level than the neighboring Okavango River, but have a slightly higher sulfate concentration. The largest native demersal fish species in the Kwando is the 117 centimeter (cm) long tiger fish (Hydrocynus vittatus). Other large demersal native species are the 50 cm western bottlenose mormyrid (Mormyrus lacerda}, and the blunt-nosed African catfish (Clarias ngamensis). Each of these demersal vertebrate species are assigned a high trophic level (in the vicinity of level four).
- bibliyografik atıf
- C.Michael Hogan. 2012. Kwando River. Eds. P.Saundry & C.Cleveland. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment. Washington DC
- yazar
- C. Michael Hogan (cmichaelhogan)
Diagnostic Description
(
İngilizce
)
Fishbase tarafından sağlandı
Diagnosis: This species is distinguished from all other Hepsetus species by the following unique combination of characters: number of lateral line scales low, 43â51; nostril-lower jaw distance short, 36.6â42.1% of head length; number of gill rakers high, 17â23; number of scales between dorsal fin and lateral line 7.5-9.5; number of scales between adipose fin and lateral line 4.5-6.5; head width broad, 32.8â42.3% of head length; and internasal distance high, 21.9â28.3% of head length (Ref. 88135).Description: Head broad but shallow, with relatively long but broad snout; body elongated and broad, which gives it a plump appearance (Ref. 88135). Dorsal and anal fins, though in a posterior position in all Hepsetus species, more anteriorly positioned relatively to other Hepsetus (Ref. 88135). Small number of lateral line scales, 43-51; 11-18 predorsal scales; 15-20 dorsal-adipose scales; 11-17 adipose-caudal scales; number of scales between dorsal fin and lateral line 7.5-9.5; number of scales between adipose fin and lateral line 4.5-6.5 (Ref. 88135, 94534). Large number of quite small gill rakers on epibranchiale of first gill arch, 17-23 (Ref. 88135).Colouration: dorsal side of head and body brownish, with a gradual change from darker to lighter tones on flanks; entirely yellowish ventrally; some specimens darker brownish and more uniformly coloured; a vague horizontal line pattern on the flanks, from anterior border of adipose fin, occasionally from posterior border of dorsal fin, to caudal fin base, resulting from the scales having a darker upper and lower border, whereas remaining part of scales remains paler; these lines cover the flanks from approximately three scale rows above lateral line down to two scale rows below the lateral line; sometimes series of 10-16 greyish vertical bands are present on the dorsolateral body parts; the presence of these bands appears to be linked to stress; rounded dorsoventrally elongated blackish spot behind head and just above lateral line (Ref. 88135). Posterior part of head with three, well-marked, dark brownish bands running from posterior border of eye to anterior edge of preopercle; bands sometimes faded and poorly visible; lower half of postopercle brownish, sometimes blackish; rounded dorsoventrally elongated blackish spot behind head, above lateral line (Ref. 88135). All fins but the adipose fin yellowish to dark brownish, more or less the same as body colour; distally translucent; caudal fin translucent, in mid-centre and proximally on upper and lower lobes; dorsal, anal and caudal fins with prominent small, roundish, dark-brown spots; spots on fins more prominent on larger specimens, larger than about 150mm standard length; adipose fin base yellowish to darker brownish, black distally (Ref. 88135).
Life Cycle
(
İngilizce
)
Fishbase tarafından sağlandı
Builds a free-floating bubblenest.
Migration
(
İngilizce
)
Fishbase tarafından sağlandı
Potamodromous. Migrating within streams, migratory in rivers, e.g. Saliminus, Moxostoma, Labeo. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.
- Recorder
- Crispina B. Binohlan
Morphology
(
İngilizce
)
Fishbase tarafından sağlandı
Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 9; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 12; Vertebrae: 45 - 49
Trophic Strategy
(
İngilizce
)
Fishbase tarafından sağlandı
This species seems to prefer upper river courses or small rivers where Hydrocynus species are absent or scarce (Ref. 81278).
Biology
(
İngilizce
)
Fishbase tarafından sağlandı
This species seems to prefer upper river courses or small rivers where Hydrocynus species are absent or scarce (Ref. 81278).
- Recorder
- Crispina B. Binohlan
Importance
(
İngilizce
)
Fishbase tarafından sağlandı
fisheries: subsistence fisheries; aquarium: commercial
- Recorder
- Crispina B. Binohlan
Afrika-greepvis
(
Afrikaans
)
wikipedia AF tarafından sağlandı
Die Afrika-greepvis (Hepsetus odoe) is 'n varswater vis wat voorkom in die Kunene- en Okavangoriviere, die boonste gedeelte van die Zambezirivier en die Kafuerivier. Dit kom ook in Sentraal-Afrika en Wes-Afrika voor. Die vis kom egter nie voor in die groot mere van Afrika nie. In Engels staan die vis bekend as die African Pike - in die Caprivi staan die vis bekend as die Varswater Snoek.
Dié vis is ‘n varswater spesie en moenie met die soutwater Snoek verwar word nie.
Voorkoms
Die vis se kop is slangagtig en vierkantig van voor gesien. Die profiel is wreed en reguit. Sy tande is buite die bek sigbaar, in vliese versteek, in pare geplaas en uiters gevaarlik.
Die rugvin is klein, vierkantig en op die laaste derde gedeelte van die lyf teenwoordig. Die vetvin is aanwesig, halfpad tussen die rug- en stertvin en is oranje/swart. Die stertvin is goed ontwikkel en gevurk. Die anale vin is redelik goed ontwikkel. Die buikvin is gepaard. Die borsvin is gepaard maar redelik klein.
Die vis se vorm is baie vaartbelyn vir groot spoed. Die lyf kleur is geelgroen tot donkergroen, amper swart op die rug. Daar is donker spikkels op die vinne, onduidelike vertikale strepe op die lyf maar mooi geel en groen strepe agter die oë op die kiefdeksel. Die skubbe is redelik fyn.
Die Caprivi rekord is 1.9 kg en wyfies word groter as mannetjies.
Habitat
Die vis hou van oop water, maar waar tiervis teenwoordig is, is hy as gevolg van sy grootte gedwing om in baaie, vleie ens., waar skuiling is, te hou.
Hy word gewoonlik in skoon water langs ‘n lap lelies, rietpol of watergras, op ‘n vinnig bewegende blink (medium tot klein) kunsaas (soos 'n lepel) gevang. Ander ase wat werk is milt, vleis, visaas, paddas en groter insekte.
Algemeen
‘n Ligte staalstrop is noodsaaklik, die vis spook lekker en spring gedurig. In troebel of vuil water moet aas op die bodem gebruik word. Vir sy grootte is hy gewis een van die beste vegters.
Sien ook
Bron
Eksterne skakel
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Afrika-greepvis: Brief Summary
(
Afrikaans
)
wikipedia AF tarafından sağlandı
Die Afrika-greepvis (Hepsetus odoe) is 'n varswater vis wat voorkom in die Kunene- en Okavangoriviere, die boonste gedeelte van die Zambezirivier en die Kafuerivier. Dit kom ook in Sentraal-Afrika en Wes-Afrika voor. Die vis kom egter nie voor in die groot mere van Afrika nie. In Engels staan die vis bekend as die African Pike - in die Caprivi staan die vis bekend as die Varswater Snoek.
Dié vis is ‘n varswater spesie en moenie met die soutwater Snoek verwar word nie.
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Hepsetus odoe
(
Katalanca; Valensiyaca
)
wikipedia CA tarafından sağlandı
Hepsetus odoe és una espècie de peix de la família dels hepsètids i de l'ordre dels caraciformes.
Morfologia
Alimentació
Els exemplars adults mengen peixos, mentre que els immadurs es nodreixen de petits invertebrats i peixets.[4]
Depredadors
A Zàmbia és depredat per Hydrocynus forskalii.[6]
Hàbitat
És un peix d'aigua dolça i de clima tropical (26°C-28°C).[4][7]
Distribució geogràfica
Es troba a Àfrica: des del Senegal fins a Angola, incloent-hi els rius Níger, Volta, Txad, Ogowe i Zambezi, i les conques dels rius Cunene, Okavango i Kafue. És absent del riu Nil.[4][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]
Longevitat
Pot arribar a viure fins als 5 anys d'edat.[35]
Referències
-
↑ Swainson W., 1838. The natural history and classification of fishes, amphibians, & reptiles, or monocardian animals. Londres. Nat. Hist. & Class. v. 1. i-vi + 1-368.
-
↑ BioLib (anglès)
-
↑ Bloch, M. E., 1794. Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische. Berlín. Naturgeschichte der Ausländischen Fische. v. 8: i-iv + 1-174, Pls. 361-396.
-
↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 4,3 FishBase (anglès)
-
↑ Roberts, T.R., 1984. Hepsetidae. p. 138-139. A: J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse i D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ORSTOM, París i MRAC, Tervuren. Vol. 1.
-
↑ FishBase (anglès)
-
↑ Baensch, H.A. i R. Riehl, 1985. Aquarien atlas. Band 2. Mergus, Verlag für Natur- und Heimtierkunde GmbH, Melle, Alemanya. 1216 p.
-
↑ Skelton, P.H., 1993. A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Southern Book Publishers. 388 p.
-
↑ Bell-Cross, G. i J.L. Minshull, 1988. The fishes of Zimbabwe. National Museums and Monuments of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabue. 294 p.
-
↑ Blache, J., 1964. Les poissons du bassin du Tchad et du bassin adjacent du Mayo Kebbi. Étude systématique et biologique. Mém. O.R.S.T.O.M. 4(2): 483 p.
-
↑ Bruton, M.N., P.B.N. Jackson i P.H. Skelton, 1982. Pocket guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Centaur Publishers, Ciutat del Cap, Sud-àfrica. 88 p.
-
↑ Dankwa, H.R., 2003. Traditional knowledge of freshwater fishes in some fishing communities in Ghana. p. 223-229. A: M.L.D. Palomares, B. Samb, T. Diouf, J.M. Vakily i D. Pauly (eds.) Fish biodiversity: local studies as basis for global inferences. ACP-EU Fish. Res. Rep. 14: 281 p.
-
↑ De Merona, B., T. Hecht i J. Moreau, 1988. Croissance des poissons d'eau douce africains. p. 191-219. A: C. Lévêque, M.N. Bruton i G.W. Ssentongo (eds.) Biologie et écologie des poissons d'eau douce africains. Éditions de l'ORSTOM, Coll. Trav. Doc. 216. 508 p.
-
↑ Diouf, P.S., 1996. Les peuplements de poissons des milieux estuariens de l'Afrique de l'Ouest: L'exemple de l'estuaire hyperhalin du Sine-Saloum. Université de Montpellier II. Thèses et Documents Microfiches Núm .156. ORSTOM, París. 267 p.
-
↑ Etim, L., 2000. Length-weight relationship of eight fish species from the Cross River, Nigeria. Global J. Pure Appl. Sci. 6(4):571-575.
-
↑ Everett, G.V., 1974. An analysis of the 1970 commercial catch in three areas of the Kafue floodplain. Afr. J. Trop. Hydrobiol. Fish. 3(2):147-159.
-
↑ Hay, C.J., B.J. van Zyl, F.H. van der Bank, J.T. Ferreira i G.J. Steyn, 1999. The distribution of freshwater fish in Namibia. Cimbebasia 15: 41-63.
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↑ Hugueny, B. i M. Pouilly, 1999. Morphological correlates of diet in an assemblage of West African freshwater fishes. J. Fish Biol. 54:1310-1325.
-
↑ Kamara, A.B., 1977. A list of the estuarine and marine fishes and some shellfishes of Sierra Leone, with their common names in either Krio or English. p. 47-56. A: W. Okera (compl.) Bulletin of the Institute of Marine Biology and Oceanography. Vol. 2. Núm. 1. Fourah Bay College, University of Sierra Leone, Sierra Leone.
-
↑ Kapasa, C.K. i I.G. Cowx, 1991. Post-impoundment changes in the fish fauna of Lake Itezhi-tezhi, Zambia. J. Fish Biol. 39(6):783-793.
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↑ King, R.P., 1996. Length-weight relationships and related statistics of 73 populations of fish occurring in inland waters of Nigeria. Naga ICLARM Q. 19(3):49-52.
-
↑ Lalèyè, P.A., 2006. Length-weight and length-length relationships of fishes from the Ouémé River in Bénin (West Africa). J. Appl. Ichthyolol. 22: 330-333.
-
↑ Lévêque, C., D. Paugy i G.G. Teugels, 1991. Annotated check-list of the freshwater fishes of the Nilo-sudan river basins, in Africa. Rev. Hydrobiol. Trop. 24(2):131-154.
-
↑ Lévêque, C.L., 1997. Biodiversity dynamics and conservation: the freshwater fish of tropical Africa. ORSTOM. Cambridge Univ. Press, Gran Bretanya, 438 p.
-
↑ Mdaihli, M., T. du Feu i J.S.O. Ayeni, 2003. Fisheries in the southern border zone of Takamanda Forest Reserve, Cameroon. p. 141-154. A: Takamanda: the Biodiversity of an African forest. SI/MAB Ser. 8.
-
↑ Merron, G.S. i M.N. Bruton, 1995. Community ecology and conservation of the fishes of the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Environ. Biol. Fish. 43(2):109-119.
-
↑ Moreau, J., M.L.D. Palomares, F.S.B. Torres i D. Pauly, 1995. Atlas démographique des populations de poissons d'eau douce d'Afrique. ICLARM Tech. Rep. 45. 140p.
-
↑ Mosepele, K. i S. Nengu, 2003. Growth, mortality, maturity and length-weight parameters of selected fishes of the Okavango Delta, Botswana. p. 67-74. A:: M.L.D. Palomares, B. Samb, T. Diouf, J.M. Vakily i D. Pauly (eds.) Fish biodiversity: local studies as basis for global inferences. ACP-EU Fish. Res. Rep. 14:281 p.
-
↑ Okeyo, D.O., 2003. On the biodiversity and the distribution of freshwater fish of Namibia: an annotated update. p.156-194. A: M.L.D. Palomares, B. Samb, T. Diouf, J.M. Vakily i D. Pauly (eds.) Fish biodiversity: local studies as basis for global inferences. ACP-EU Fish. Res. Rep. 14: 281 p.
-
↑ Olaosebikan, B.D. i A. Raji, 1998. Field guide to Nigerian freshwater fishes. Federal College of Freshwater Fisheries Technology, New Bussa, Nigèria. 106 p.
-
↑ Paugy, D., K. Traoré i P.S. Diouf, 1994. Faune ichtyologique des eaux douces d'Afrique de l'Ouest. p. 35-66. A G.G. Teugels, J.F. Guégan i J.J. Albaret (eds.) Biological diversity of African fresh- and brackish water fishes. Geographical overviews presented at the PARADI Symposium, Senegal, 15-20 de novembre de 1993. Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr., Sci. Zool., 275: 177 p.
-
↑ Poll, M., 1967. Contribution à la faune ichthyologique de l'Angola. Diamang Publ. Cult., núm. 75: 381 p.
-
↑ Teugels, G.G., C. Lévêque, D. Paugy i K. Traoré, 1988. État des connaissances sur la faune ichtyologique des bassins côtiers de Côte d'Ivoire et de l'ouest du Ghana. Rev. Hydrobiol. Trop. 21(3): 221-237.
-
↑ Vivien, J., 1991. Faune du Cameroun. Guide des mammifères et des poissons. GICAM. 271 p.
-
↑ Van der Waal, B.C.W., 1976. 'n Visekologiese studie van die Liambezimeer in die Oos-Caprivi met verwysing na visontginning deur die Bantoe bevolking. Tesi doctoral, Rand Afrikaans University. Johannesburg, Sud-àfrica.
Bibliografia
- Adebisi, A.A., 1981. Analyses of the stomach contents of the piscivorous fishes of the upper Ogun River in Nigeria. Hydrobiologia 79(2): 167-177.
- Albaret, J.-J., 1982. Reproduction et fécondité des poissons d'eau douce de Côte d'Ivoire. Rev. Hydrobiol. Trop. 15(4):347-371.
- Anònim, 1997. Registres de peixos dins de la base de dades del Museu de la Secció de Vertebrats del Museu Reial de l'Àfrica Central. MRAC, Tervuren, Flandes, Bèlgica.
- Anònim, 2000. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, Sud-àfrica. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, Sud-àfrica.
- Anònim, 2001. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution - Division of Fishes.
- Anònim, 2002. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West, NY 10024-5192, Estats Units.
- Eschmeyer, William N.: Genera of Recent Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, Califòrnia, Estats Units. iii + 697. ISBN 0-940228-23-8 (1990).
- Eschmeyer, William N., ed. 1998. Catalog of Fishes. Special Publication of the Center for Biodiversity Research and Information, núm. 1, vol. 1-3. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, Califòrnia, Estats Units. 2905. ISBN 0-940228-47-5.
- Géry, J., 1977. Characoids of the world. T.F.H. Publications, Inc., Nova Jersey, Estats Units. 672 p.
- Magomna, O., 2003. Noms communs de poissons tchadien en langue Kim. p. 234-242. A: M.L.D. Palomares, B. Samb, T. Diouf, J.M. Vakily i D. Pauly (eds.) Fish biodiversity: local studies as basis for global inferences. ACP-EU Fish. Res. Rep. 14, 281p.
- Merron, G.S., K.K. Holden i M.N. Bruton, 1990. The reproductive biology and early development of the African pike, Hepsetus odoe, in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Environ. Biol. Fish. 28:215-235.
- Moyle, P. i J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a edició, Upper Saddle River, Nova Jersey, Estats Units: Prentice-Hall. Any 2000.
- Mve, R.O. i J.D. Mbega, 2003. Noms communs d'espèces importantes de poisson en langue Fang, Gabon. p. 243-245. A: M.L.D. Palomares, B. Samb, T. Diouf, J.M. Vakily i D. Pauly (eds.) Fish biodiversity: local studies as basis for global inferences. ACP-EU Fish. Res. Rep. 14: 281 p.
- Mwape, L.M., 2003. Bemba local names of lake fishes in northern Zambia. p. 246-249. A: M.L.D. Palomares, B. Samb, T. Diouf, J.M. Vakily i D. Pauly (eds.) Fish biodiversity: local studies as basis for global inferences. ACP-EU Fish. Res. Rep. 14:281 p.
- Nelson, J.S. 2006: Fishes of the world. Quarta edició. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, Nova Jersey, Estats Units. 601 p.
- Ologunmeta, T.R., 1981. The food of African pike Hepsetus odoe (Pisces: Hepsetidae) and the histology of the alimentary tract. B.Sc. thesis, University of Calabar, Nigèria. 56 p.
- Paugy, D., 1990. Hepsetidae. p. 192-194. A: C. Lévêque, D. Paugy i G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux douces et saumâtres de l'Afrique de l'Ouest. Tom I. Coll. Faune Tropicale n° XXVIII. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren i O.R.S.T.O.M., París, 384 p.
- Riede, K., 2004. Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Alemanya. 329 p.
- Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea i W.B. Scott, 1991. World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p.
- Titiati, E.K., 1970. Some common names of fresh-water fishes of Ghana in Latin, English, Ewe and Ga-adangbe. Manuscript Fisheries Dept., Volta Lake Research Project, 5 p.
- Wheeler, A., 1977. Das grosse Buch der Fische. Eugen Ulmer GmbH & Co. Stuttgart. 356 p.
- Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a edició, Londres: Macdonald. Any 1985.
- Winemiller, K.O. i L.C. Kelso-Winemiller, 1994. Comparative ecology of the African pike, Hepsetus odoe, and tigerfish, Hydrocynus forskahlii, in the Zambezi River floodplain J. Fish Biol. 45:211-225.
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Hepsetus odoe 
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Hepsetus odoe: Brief Summary
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Hepsetus odoe és una espècie de peix de la família dels hepsètids i de l'ordre dels caraciformes.
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Hepsetus odoe
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Hepsetus odoe ist ein Raubfisch, der im westlichen Afrika vorkommt. Sein Lebensraum reicht von der Elfenbeinküste bis zum Schari in der Zentralafrikanischen Republik.
Merkmale
Hepsetus odoe hat einen langgestreckten, hechtartigen, von Cycloidschuppen bedeckten 30 bis 60 Zentimeter langen Körper. Er ist seitlich kaum abgeflacht und hat eine flache Kopfoberseite. Sein Maximalgewicht wird mit vier Kilogramm angegeben. Die Schnauze ist lang, das Maul groß und von einigen sehr großen, konischen und nach hinten gerichteten Fangzähnen und kleineren spitzen Zähnen besetzt. Am Kiefer finden sich segelartige Anhänge, die eventuell Sinnesorgane sind. Die Oberseite der Fische ist bräunlich, die Flanken und der Bauch sind silbrig mit lehmgelbem Schimmer. Die Augen sind groß und messingfarben, die Nasenöffnungen liegen dicht beieinander. Über den Augen haben sie einen rotorangen Fleck, dahinter einige helle und dunkle Bänder. Die Flossen sind pink bis grau, die Rückenflosse hat einige braunrote Strahlen, die Fettflosse ist schwarz. Ausgewachsene Tiere können auf den paarigen Flossen schwarze Flecken haben. Die Afterflosse liegt hinter der Rückenflosse. Hepsetus odoe besitzt 45 bis 49 Wirbel. Entlang des Seitenlinienorgans befinden sich 49 bis 60 Schuppen.
Hepsetus odoe ist relativ kurzlebig und wird nur vier bis fünf Jahre alt.
Lebensweise
Hepsetus odoe ist ein Wanderfisch, lebt in Flüssen, Seen und Sümpfen und hält sich eher am Gewässerboden auf. Er bevorzugt ruhige, tiefe Gewässer mit einem pH-Wert von 6 bis 7,5 und einer Wasserhärte bis 18 °dH. Ausgewachsene Tiere fressen Fische, Jungfische halten sich vor allem in stark bewachsenen Habitaten auf und ernähren sich von kleineren Fischen und Wirbellosen. Die Hechtsalmler vermehren sich in den Sommermonaten und legen die Eier in ein an der Wasseroberfläche treibendes Schaumnest, das von einem Elternteil oder von beiden bewacht wird.
Nutzung
Hepsetus odoe wird mit Netzen gefangen und als Speisefisch genutzt. Das Fleisch ist rötlich und gilt als wohlschmeckend. In der Aquaristik hat die Art keine Bedeutung, da sie sehr empfindlich sind und schon bei kleinsten Verletzungen eingehen.
Literatur
-
Joseph S. Nelson: Fishes of the World. John Wiley & Sons, 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7.
-
Günther Sterba: Süsswasserfische der Welt. 2. Auflage. Urania, Leipzig/ Jena/ Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-332-00109-4.
- E. Decru, E. Vreven, J. Snoeks: A revision of the West African Hepsetus (Characiformes: Hepsetidae) with a description of Hepsetus akawo sp. nov. and a redescription of Hepsetus odoe (Bloch, 1794). In: Journal of Natural History. Band 46, Nr. 1–2, Jan 2012, S. 1–23. doi:10.1080/00222933.2011.622055.
- E. Decru, J. Snoeks, E. Vreven: The true identity of the holotype of Hepsetus odoe and the names of the two West African species of Hepsetus (Teleostei: Hepsetidae). In: Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters. Band 24, Nr. 2, 2013, S. 187–192.
Weblinks
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Hepsetus odoe: Brief Summary
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Hepsetus odoe ist ein Raubfisch, der im westlichen Afrika vorkommt. Sein Lebensraum reicht von der Elfenbeinküste bis zum Schari in der Zentralafrikanischen Republik.
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Mwɛngɛ́
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Mwɛngɛ́ (Hepsetus odoe) ezalí mbísi ya molíbá mpé elíbá. Bakobéngí mbísi yango mpé molotí, molulú, mosɔ́ngu tǒ moyayo.
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Hepsetus odoe
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wikipedia EN tarafından sağlandı
Hepsetus odoe, the African pike characin, is a predatory freshwater characin belonging to the family Hepsetidae. It was formerly considered that there was a single species of Hepsetus pike characin but recent studies have led to the species being split and Hepsetus odoe sensu stricto is the west African representative of the group.
Description
It is an elongated fish with a pike-like body, however this species is a characin and the pike resemblance is due to convergent evolution. This species can reach up to about 28 cm (11 in) in length.[2] The back is normally dark brown or green while the belly is silver. The head is normally light green or brown with distinct dark brown or black stripes radiating out from the eye. The colour and pattern of adult fish is relatively stable but juveniles are more variable.[3]
Distribution
Hepsetus odoe is found in western sub-Saharan Africa, from the Sassandra River in the Cote d'Ivoire in the west to the Shari River in the Central African Republic in the east, and southwards up to the Kienke River in Cameroon.[2]
Biology
The species prefers quiet and deep water, and may only live about five years. Spawning normally begins in August and continues until January. Although in some locations there is an extended spawning season which lasts until May. The eggs are laid in a bubble nest, which they then guard until the young have attached themselves to the bottom of the nest, at which stage the adults abandon the nest and their young. The nest breaks up about four days afterwards and the juveniles disperse to live in well-vegetated marginal habitats.[3]
Hepsetus odoe is piscivorous and preys on a variety of smaller fish. It is mainly diurnal and is an ambush predator, waiting among dense submerged or emergent vegetation until prey comes within range and the fish can lunge at it. The diet of Hepsetus odoe consists predominantly of cichlids and mormyrids; although smaller individuals have been recorded eating mochokid catfishes more than cichlids or mormyrids.[3] Hepsetus odoe prefers the upper courses of small rivers where the elongate tigerfish (Hydrocynus forskahlii) is absent or less abundant.[1] It uses weeds and vegetation along with its coloring to avoid detection.[3]
Human use
Hepsetus odoe is fished as game[4] and for human consumption and for the aquarium trade.[1]
Taxonomy
It was formerly believed to the only species in the genus and widespread in sub-Saharan Africa, but studies in 2011-2013 have found that there are several species, and the true H. odoe is restricted to West and Central Africa from the Sassandra River, Ivory Coast, to the Kienké River, Cameroon (species elsewhere are now recognized as separate; H. cuvieri, H. kingsleyae, H. lineata and H. occidentalis).[5][6][7][8]
References
-
^ a b c Lalèyè, P. (2020). "Hepsetus odoe". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T53875166A100179251. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T53875166A100179251.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
-
^ a b c "Hepsetus odoe (Bloch, 1794)". Fishbase. Retrieved 16 October 2016.
-
^ a b c d "Hepsetus odoe Kafue pike (Also: Kafue pike characin; Pike characid)". Regents of the University of Michigan. Retrieved 16 October 2016.
-
^ Nelson, J. S. (2006). Fishes of the World (4 ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 161–162. ISBN 978-0-471-25031-9.
-
^ Decru, E.; Vreven, E. & Snoeks, J. (2013). "A revision of the Lower Guinean Hepsetus species (Characiformes; Hepsetidae) with the description of Hepsetus kingsleyae sp. nov". Journal of Fish Biology. 82 (4): 1351–1375. doi:10.1111/jfb.12079. PMID 23557311.
-
^ Decru, E.; Snoeks, J. & Vreven, E. (2013). "The true identity of the holotype of Hepsetus odoe and the names of the two West African species of Hepsetus (Teleostei: Hepsetidae)" (PDF). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters. 24 (2): 187–192.
-
^ Zengeya, T. A.; Decru, E. & Vreven, E. (2011). "Revalidation of Hepsetus cuvieri (Castelnau, 1861) (Characiformes: Hepsetidae) from the Quanza, Zambezi and southern part of the Congo ichthyofaunal provinces". Journal of Natural History. 45 (27–28): 1723–1744. doi:10.1080/00222933.2011.560724.
-
^ Decru, E.; Vreven, E. & Snoeks, J. (January 2012). "A revision of the West African Hepsetus (Characiformes: Hepsetidae) with a description of Hepsetus akawo sp. nov. and a redescription of Hepsetus odoe (Bloch, 1794)". Journal of Natural History. 46 (1–2): 1–23. doi:10.1080/00222933.2011.622055.
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Hepsetus odoe: Brief Summary
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İngilizce
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wikipedia EN tarafından sağlandı
Hepsetus odoe, the African pike characin, is a predatory freshwater characin belonging to the family Hepsetidae. It was formerly considered that there was a single species of Hepsetus pike characin but recent studies have led to the species being split and Hepsetus odoe sensu stricto is the west African representative of the group.
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Hepsetus odoe
(
İspanyolca; Kastilyaca
)
wikipedia ES tarafından sağlandı
Hepsetus odoe es una especie de peces de la familia Hepsetidae en el orden Characiformes.
Morfología
Los machos pueden llegar alcanzar los 70 cm de longitud total y 4.000 g de peso. Número de vértebras: 45-49.[2][3]
Alimentación
Los ejemplares adultos comen peces, mientras que los inmaduros se alimentan de pequeños invertebrados y peces pequeños.
Depredadores
En Zambia es depredado por Hydrocynus forskalii .
Hábitat
Es un pez de agua dulce y de clima tropical (26 °C-28 °C).
Distribución geográfica
Se encuentran en África: desde el Senegal hasta Angola, incluyendo los ríos Níger, Vuelta, Chad, Ogowe y Zambezi, y cuencas de los ríos Cunene, Okavango y Kafue.
Longevidad
Puede llegar a vivir hasta los 5 años de edad.
Referencias
-
↑ Entsua-Mensah, M., Lalèyè, P., Marshall, B., Moelants, T. y Tweddle, D. (2010). «Hepsetus odoe». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2011.2 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 5 de mayo de 2012.
-
↑ FishBase (en inglés)
-
↑ Roberts, T.R., 1984. Hepsetidae. p. 138-139. A: J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse y D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ORSTOM, París y MRAC, Tervuren. Vol. 1.
Bibliografía
- Eschmeyer, William N., ed. 1998. Catalog of Fishes. Special Publication of the Center for Biodiversity Research and Information, núm. 1, vol. 1-3. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, California, Estados Unidos. 2905. ISBN 0-940228-47-5.
- Fenner, Robert M.: The Conscientious Marine Aquarist. Neptune City, Nueva Jersey, Estados Unidos: T.F.H. Publications, 2001.
- Helfman, G., B. Collette y D. Facey: The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts, Estados Unidos, 1997.
- Hoese, D.F. 1986. A M.M. Smith y P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlín, Alemania.
- Maugé, L.A. 1986. A J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse y D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Bruselas; MRAC, Tervuren, Flandes; y ORSTOM, París, Francia. Vol. 2.
- Moyle, P. y J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a. edición, Upper Saddle River, Nueva Jersey, Estados Unidos: Prentice-Hall. Año 2000.
- Nelson, J.: Fishes of the World, 3a. edición. Nueva York, Estados Unidos: John Wiley and Sons. Año 1994.
- Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a. edición, Londres: Macdonald. Año 1985.
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Hepsetus odoe: Brief Summary
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Hepsetus akawo
(
Baskça
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wikipedia EU tarafından sağlandı
(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Hepsetus akawo: Brief Summary
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Baskça
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wikipedia EU tarafından sağlandı
Hepsetus akawo Hepsetus generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Hepsetidae familian sailkatzen da.
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Hepsetus odoe
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Baskça
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wikipedia EU tarafından sağlandı
(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Hepsetus odoe: Brief Summary
(
Baskça
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wikipedia EU tarafından sağlandı
Hepsetus odoe Hepsetus generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Hepsetidae familian sailkatzen da.
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Haukitetra
(
Fince
)
wikipedia FI tarafından sağlandı
Haukitetra (Hepsetus odoe) on tetrakaloihin kuuluva kalalaji, jota tavataan laajalla alueella Länsi- ja Keski-Afrikassa. Se on ainoa laji haukitetrojen (Hepsetidae) heimossa, joskin on arveltu, että kyseessä olisi yhden lajin sijasta kolme tai neljä lajia.[1][2]
Koko ja ulkonäkö
Ruumiinrakenteeltaan haukitetra on sukkulamainen ja virtaviivainen ja muistuttaa haukea. Kooltaan kala kasvaa tyypillisesti 37–47 senttimetriä pitkäksi, mutta suurin pyydystetty yksilö oli 70 cm pitkä ja painoi 4 kg. Selkäevä sijaitsee ruumiin takaosassa ja pyrstöevä on voimakkaasti haarautunut. Suu on suuri ja suussa on lukuisia hampaita, yläleuassa yhdessä ja alaleuassa kahdessa rivissä. Kartiomaiset kulmahampaat ovat muita hampaita kookkaammat. Väritykseltään haukitetra on selästään vihreä tai ruskea ja vatsastaan hopeanharmaa. Silmien yläpuolella on oransseja kuvioita ja silmät takaa lähtee kolme mustaa juovaa. Haukitetran rasvaevä on musta ja muut evät harmaat tai vaaleanpunertavat.[2][3][4][5]
Levinneisyys ja elintavat
Haukitetran levinneisyysalue ulottuu Senegalista Angolaan. Sitä tavataan rannikkoseutujen joista, järvistä ja soilta. Se pitää erityisesti tyynistä ja runsaasti vesikasveja kasvavista vesistä. Haukitetrat ovat petokaloja, jotka syövät selkärangattomia eläimiä ja itseään pienempiä kaloja, erityisesti kirjoahvenia ja norsukaloja. Kala vaanii vesikasvillisuuden joukossa ja hyökkää nopeasti saaliinsa kimppuun yllättäen sen. Laji on korkealla ravintoketjussa, mutta voi itse joutua esimerkiksi tiikeritetran (Hydrocynus forskahlii) saaliiksi. Haukitetran lisääntymiskausi ulottuu elokuulta tammikuulle. Laji kutee vesikasvillisuuden joukkoon tekemäänsä vaahtopesään, jota koiras vartio poikasten kuoriutumiseen asti.[2][3][4][1]
Haukitetra on hyvä ruokakala ja suosittu urheilukalastuksen kohde. Satunnaisesti sitä pidetään myös akvaariokalana.[3][5][4]
Lähteet
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↑ a b c Entsua-Mensah, M., Lalèyè, P., Marshall, B., Moelants, T. & Tweddle, D.: Hepsetus odoe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.1. 2010. International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, Iucnredlist.org. Viitattu 25.08.2013. (englanniksi)
-
↑ a b c Nelson, Joseph S.: Fishes of the world, s. 161. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons, 2006. ISBN 978-0-471-25031-9. Kirja Googlen teoshaussa (viitattu 24.06.2013). (englanniksi)
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↑ a b c Hepsetus odoe (peilipalvelin) FishBase. Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (toim.). Viitattu 24.6.2013. (englanniksi)
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↑ a b c Tim M. Berra: Freshwater Fish Distribution, s. 150. University of Chicago Press, 2007. ISBN 9780226044422. Teoksen verkkoversio (viitattu 24.06.2013). (englanniksi)
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↑ a b Bobbie Stewart: Hepsetus odoe Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. Viitattu 24.06.2013. (englanniksi)
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Haukitetra: Brief Summary
(
Fince
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Haukitetra (Hepsetus odoe) on tetrakaloihin kuuluva kalalaji, jota tavataan laajalla alueella Länsi- ja Keski-Afrikassa. Se on ainoa laji haukitetrojen (Hepsetidae) heimossa, joskin on arveltu, että kyseessä olisi yhden lajin sijasta kolme tai neljä lajia.
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Brochet africain
(
Fransızca
)
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Hepsetus odoe
Le Brochet africain (Hepsetus odoe) est une espèce de poissons osseux carnassière de la famille des Hepsetidae.
Description
Ce poisson ressemble un peu aux barracudas mais reste bien plus petit qu’eux. Il ressemble d'ailleurs autant globalement à ces poissons qu'au brochet européen Esox lucius spp.. Il ne dépasse guère 70 cm pour les plus gros spécimens. Il est de couleurs verdâtre et marron et se distingue des barracudas par sa nageoire adipeuse, un museau moins pointu, une unique dorsale, et une nageoire anale beaucoup plus proche de la caudale[1]. Sa bouche est garnie de petites dents pointues.
Distribution et habitat
Il est réparti sur la partie la plus orientale de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, du fleuve Sassandra (Côte d'Ivoire), à l'Ouest, au fleuve Shari (Centrafrique), à l'Est ; et vers le Sud jusqu'à la rivière Kribi (Cameroun)[1]. Ce poisson apprécie les cours d’eau douce et les zones saumâtres pas trop salées. Il a pour habitude de se cacher d’éventuels prédateurs dans la végétation de bordure (mangroves, arbres hélophytes et plantes aquatiques), qui lui sert aussi de zone d’alimentation préférentielle. Grégaire, il se retrouve souvent en bandes de quelques individus de la même cohorte d’individus approximativement du même âge et se nourrit d’insectes, d’invertébrés benthiques et de petits poissons.
Référence
- Greenwood, Rosen, Weitzman & Myers : Phyletic studies of teleostean fishes, with a provisional classification of living forms. Bulletin of the AMNH 131 pp 339-455.
Liens externes intéressants
https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Hepsetus_odoe/ (en anglais)
Voir aussi
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Brochet africain: Brief Summary
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Fransızca
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wikipedia FR tarafından sağlandı
Hepsetus odoe
Le Brochet africain (Hepsetus odoe) est une espèce de poissons osseux carnassière de la famille des Hepsetidae.
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Hepsetus odoe
(
İtalyanca
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wikipedia IT tarafından sağlandı
La famiglia degli Hepsetidae è rappresentata da una sola specie, conosciuto solitamente come luccio (o caracide) africano. In effetti è una specie affine ai Caracidi.
Distribuzione e habitat
Diffuso in Africa, dal Senegal all'Angola, inclusi i fiumi Niger, Volta, Chad, Ogowe, Zambesi e Okavango. Escluso il Nilo, il Congo (corso nello Stato Zambia) e i grandi laghi.
Descrizione
Hepsetus odoe è un pesce allungato: ricorda nella forma un luccio e una trota: ha corpo giallo argentato con squame dai riflessi metallici. Fasce chiare e scure si irradiano dietro l'occhio. Possiede una pinna adiposa nera. Le pinne sono giallo-trasparenti e a volte presentano screziature nere. Gli occhi sono grandi e la grossa mascella ben fornita di denti. Raggiunge i 70 cm di lunghezza per 4 kg di peso. Vive massimo 5 anni.
Riproduzione
È un pesce oviparo: dopo l'accoppiamento costruisce un nido di bolle dove depone le uova fecondate.
Alimentazione
È un grande predatore che vive nei corsi tranquilli dei fiumi e delle zone con acque ferme (anse); si ciba di pesci (principalmente del genere Synodontis) invertebrati e anfibi.
Interazioni con l'uomo
Non è un pesce pericoloso per l'uomo. Il Luccio Africano viene pescato per l'alimentazione nei paesi di origine; è inoltre pescato per pesca sportiva e per uso commerciale, in quanto è di interesse acquariofilo.
Note
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Hepsetus odoe: Brief Summary
(
İtalyanca
)
wikipedia IT tarafından sağlandı
La famiglia degli Hepsetidae è rappresentata da una sola specie, conosciuto solitamente come luccio (o caracide) africano. In effetti è una specie affine ai Caracidi.
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Afrikiniai durklasnukiai
(
Litvanca
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wikipedia LT tarafından sağlandı
Afrikiniai durklasnukiai (Hepsetidae) – characidų (Characiformes) būrio žuvų šeima, kurioje 1 gentis ir 1 rūšis – afrikinis durklasnukis (Hepsetus odoe). Kūnas iki 30 cm ilgio. Paplitęs tropikinėje Afrikoje.
Nuorodos
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Afrikiniai durklasnukiai: Brief Summary
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Litvanca
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wikipedia LT tarafından sağlandı
Afrikiniai durklasnukiai (Hepsetidae) – characidų (Characiformes) būrio žuvų šeima, kurioje 1 gentis ir 1 rūšis – afrikinis durklasnukis (Hepsetus odoe). Kūnas iki 30 cm ilgio. Paplitęs tropikinėje Afrikoje.
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Hepsetus odoe
(
Felemenkçe; Flemish
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Hepsetus odoe
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Portekizce
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Hepsetus odoe: Brief Summary
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Portekizce
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Hepsetus odoe é a única espécie da família Hepsetidae. Esta família de peixes actinopterígeos pertence à ordem Characiformes.
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鱤脂鯉
(
Çince
)
wikipedia 中文维基百科 tarafından sağlandı
二名法 Hepsetus odoeBloch, 1974 鱤脂鯉為輻鰭魚綱脂鯉目脂鯉亞目鱤脂鯉的一個種，廣泛分布於非洲中部及西部淡水流域，從塞內加爾至安哥拉，本魚體修長，在眼後面具放射狀淡色與深色的條紋，黑色的脂鰭，魚鰭粉紅色到淺灰色，成魚在偶鰭上可能有黑色的斑點，背鰭軟條9枚、臀鰭軟條12枚，體長可達40公分，棲息在河川、湖泊、沼澤靜止且較深的水域，屬肉食性，主要以魚類及無脊椎動物為食，可做為食用魚、遊釣魚及觀賞魚。
参考文献
鱤脂鯉: Brief Summary
(
Çince
)
wikipedia 中文维基百科 tarafından sağlandı
鱤脂鯉為輻鰭魚綱脂鯉目脂鯉亞目鱤脂鯉的一個種，廣泛分布於非洲中部及西部淡水流域，從塞內加爾至安哥拉，本魚體修長，在眼後面具放射狀淡色與深色的條紋，黑色的脂鰭，魚鰭粉紅色到淺灰色，成魚在偶鰭上可能有黑色的斑點，背鰭軟條9枚、臀鰭軟條12枚，體長可達40公分，棲息在河川、湖泊、沼澤靜止且較深的水域，屬肉食性，主要以魚類及無脊椎動物為食，可做為食用魚、遊釣魚及觀賞魚。
