Pholiota

Slo.: prelestni luskinar - Habitat: mixed wood and bushes, Picea abies, Pinus Nigra, Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus ornus, Corylus avellana dominant; calcareous, old alluvium ground; flat terrain; in shade, relatively dry and warm place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 420 m (1.380 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: Pinus nigra trunk lying on ground in its late disintegration phase.Comments: Pholiota astragalina is a beautifully colored, worldwide spread, but not very common mushroom in Slovenia. In several European regions it is quite rare. In UK, for example, it is protected and put on their Red List. Growing solitary and in confluent groups of a few fruit bodies; SP rusty brown.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 6.8 [7.7 ; 8.1] 9.1 x 4.3 [4.8 ; 4.9] 5.4 microns; Q = 1.4 [1.6 ; 1.7] 1.8; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 7.9 x 4.9 microns; Qe = 1.6. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.:(1) Personal communication and identification Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.com (2) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 258. (3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 212. (4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.12345. Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 328. (5) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 629. (6) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 4., Ulmer (2003), p 373.

Slo.: hrapavi luskinar - Habitat: Mixed forest, deciduous trees dominant, flat terrain, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, in shade, relatively moist place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevations 410 m (1.350 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: base of a Fraxinus excelsior, still growing and in good shape. - Comments: Growing in two dense clusters, many fruitbodies; pileus diameter up to 8 cm, sporocarp up to 11 cm tall; caps ocher-gold-yellow (oac583), in the center darker, red brown (oac715), scales brown (oac748); gills dry-brown with some greenish tint (oac785), stem concolorous with the cap, lighter above ring, darker at the base (oac855), trama beige-yellow (oac855); taste unpleasant somewhat radish; smell mild, a bit spicy (?) , SP abundant, brown (oac769) to chocolate brown when thick (pac796). - Spores dark, thick walled, smooth. Dimensions: 7.7 (SD = 0.3) x 4.5 (SD = 0.2) μ, Q = 1.69 (SD = 0.08), n = 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Ref.: (1) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 389. (2) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 256. (3) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 212. (4) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 118.

Slo.: prelestni luskinar - Habitat: mixed wood and bushes, Picea abies, Pinus Nigra, Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus ornus, Corylus avellana dominant; calcareous, old alluvium ground; flat terrain; in shade, relatively dry and warm place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 420 m (1.380 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Pinus nigra trunk lying on ground in its late disintegration phase. Comments: Pholiota astragalina is a beautifully colored, worldwide spread, but not very common mushroom in Slovenia. In several European regions it is quite rare. In UK, for example, it is protected and put on their Red List. Growing solitary and in confluent groups of a few fruit bodies; SP rusty brown. Spores smooth. Dimensions: 6.8 [7.7 ; 8.1] 9.1 x 4.3 [4.8 ; 4.9] 5.4 microns; Q = 1.4 [1.6 ; 1.7] 1.8; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 7.9 x 4.9 microns; Qe = 1.6. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Ref.: (1) Personal communication and identification Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.com (2) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 258. (3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 212. (4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.12345. Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 328. (5) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 629. (6) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 4., Ulmer (2003), p 373.

Slo.: hrapavi luskinar - Habitat: Mixed forest, deciduous trees dominant, flat terrain, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, in shade, relatively moist place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevations 410 m (1.350 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: base of a Fraxinus excelsior, still growing and in good shape. - Comments: Growing in two dense clusters, many fruitbodies; pileus diameter up to 8 cm, sporocarp up to 11 cm tall; caps ocher-gold-yellow (oac583), in the center darker, red brown (oac715), scales brown (oac748); gills dry-brown with some greenish tint (oac785), stem concolorous with the cap, lighter above ring, darker at the base (oac855), trama beige-yellow (oac855); taste unpleasant somewhat radish; smell mild, a bit spicy (?) , SP abundant, brown (oac769) to chocolate brown when thick (pac796). - Spores dark, thick walled, smooth. Dimensions: 7.7 (SD = 0.3) x 4.5 (SD = 0.2) μ, Q = 1.69 (SD = 0.08), n = 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Ref.: (1) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 389. (2) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 256. (3) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 212. (4) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 118.

Slo.: prelestni luskinar - Habitat: mixed wood and bushes, Picea abies, Pinus Nigra, Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus ornus, Corylus avellana dominant; calcareous, old alluvium ground; flat terrain; in shade, relatively dry and warm place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 420 m (1.380 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Pinus nigra trunk lying on ground in its late disintegration phase. Comments: Pholiota astragalina is a beautifully colored, worldwide spread, but not very common mushroom in Slovenia. In several European regions it is quite rare. In UK, for example, it is protected and put on their Red List. Growing solitary and in confluent groups of a few fruit bodies; SP rusty brown. Spores smooth. Dimensions: 6.8 [7.7 ; 8.1] 9.1 x 4.3 [4.8 ; 4.9] 5.4 microns; Q = 1.4 [1.6 ; 1.7] 1.8; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 7.9 x 4.9 microns; Qe = 1.6. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Ref.: (1) Personal communication and identification Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.com (2) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 258. (3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 212. (4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.12345. Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 328. (5) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 629. (6) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 4., Ulmer (2003), p 373.

Slo.: hrapavi luskinar - Habitat: Mixed forest, deciduous trees dominant, flat terrain, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, in shade, relatively moist place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevations 410 m (1.350 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: base of a Fraxinus excelsior, still growing and in good shape. - Comments: Growing in two dense clusters, many fruitbodies; pileus diameter up to 8 cm, sporocarp up to 11 cm tall; caps ocher-gold-yellow (oac583), in the center darker, red brown (oac715), scales brown (oac748); gills dry-brown with some greenish tint (oac785), stem concolorous with the cap, lighter above ring, darker at the base (oac855), trama beige-yellow (oac855); taste unpleasant somewhat radish; smell mild, a bit spicy (?) , SP abundant, brown (oac769) to chocolate brown when thick (pac796). - Spores dark, thick walled, smooth. Dimensions: 7.7 (SD = 0.3) x 4.5 (SD = 0.2) μ, Q = 1.69 (SD = 0.08), n = 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Ref.: (1) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 389. (2) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 256. (3) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 212. (4) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 118.

Slo.: prelestni luskinar - Habitat: mixed wood and bushes, Picea abies, Pinus Nigra, Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus ornus, Corylus avellana dominant; calcareous, old alluvium ground; flat terrain; in shade, relatively dry and warm place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 420 m (1.380 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Pinus nigra trunk lying on ground in its late disintegration phase. Comments: Pholiota astragalina is a beautifully colored, worldwide spread, but not very common mushroom in Slovenia. In several European regions it is quite rare. In UK, for example, it is protected and put on their Red List. Growing solitary and in confluent groups of a few fruit bodies; SP rusty brown. Spores smooth. Dimensions: 6.8 [7.7 ; 8.1] 9.1 x 4.3 [4.8 ; 4.9] 5.4 microns; Q = 1.4 [1.6 ; 1.7] 1.8; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 7.9 x 4.9 microns; Qe = 1.6. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Ref.: (1) Personal communication and identification Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.com (2) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 258. (3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 212. (4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.12345. Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 328. (5) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 629. (6) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 4., Ulmer (2003), p 373.

Slo.: hrapavi luskinar - Habitat: Mixed forest, deciduous trees dominant, flat terrain, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, in shade, relatively moist place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevations 410 m (1.350 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: base of a Fraxinus excelsior, still growing and in good shape. - Comments: Growing in two dense clusters, many fruitbodies; pileus diameter up to 8 cm, sporocarp up to 11 cm tall; caps ocher-gold-yellow (oac583), in the center darker, red brown (oac715), scales brown (oac748); gills dry-brown with some greenish tint (oac785), stem concolorous with the cap, lighter above ring, darker at the base (oac855), trama beige-yellow (oac855); taste unpleasant somewhat radish; smell mild, a bit spicy (?) , SP abundant, brown (oac769) to chocolate brown when thick (pac796). - Spores dark, thick walled, smooth. Dimensions: 7.7 (SD = 0.3) x 4.5 (SD = 0.2) μ, Q = 1.69 (SD = 0.08), n = 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Ref.: (1) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 389. (2) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 256. (3) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 212. (4) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 118.

Slo.: prelestni luskinar - Habitat: mixed wood and bushes, Picea abies, Pinus Nigra, Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus ornus, Corylus avellana dominant; calcareous, old alluvium ground; flat terrain; in shade, relatively dry and warm place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 420 m (1.380 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Pinus nigra trunk lying on ground in its late disintegration phase. Comments: Pholiota astragalina is a beautifully colored, worldwide spread, but not very common mushroom in Slovenia. In several European regions it is quite rare. In UK, for example, it is protected and put on their Red List. Growing solitary and in confluent groups of a few fruit bodies; SP rusty brown. Spores smooth. Dimensions: 6.8 [7.7 ; 8.1] 9.1 x 4.3 [4.8 ; 4.9] 5.4 microns; Q = 1.4 [1.6 ; 1.7] 1.8; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 7.9 x 4.9 microns; Qe = 1.6. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Ref.: (1) Personal communication and identification Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.com (2) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 258. (3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 212. (4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.12345. Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 328. (5) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 629. (6) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 4., Ulmer (2003), p 373.

Slo.: hrapavi luskinar - Habitat: Mixed forest, deciduous trees dominant, flat terrain, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, in shade, relatively moist place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevations 410 m (1.350 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: base of a Fraxinus excelsior, still growing and in good shape. - Comments: Growing in two dense clusters, many fruitbodies; pileus diameter up to 8 cm, sporocarp up to 11 cm tall; caps ocher-gold-yellow (oac583), in the center darker, red brown (oac715), scales brown (oac748); gills dry-brown with some greenish tint (oac785), stem concolorous with the cap, lighter above ring, darker at the base (oac855), trama beige-yellow (oac855); taste unpleasant somewhat radish; smell mild, a bit spicy (?) , SP abundant, brown (oac769) to chocolate brown when thick (pac796). - Spores dark, thick walled, smooth. Dimensions: 7.7 (SD = 0.3) x 4.5 (SD = 0.2) μ, Q = 1.69 (SD = 0.08), n = 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Ref.: (1) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 389. (2) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 256. (3) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 212. (4) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 118.

Slo.: prelestni luskinar - Habitat: mixed wood and bushes, Picea abies, Pinus Nigra, Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus ornus, Corylus avellana dominant; calcareous, old alluvium ground; flat terrain; in shade, relatively dry and warm place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 420 m (1.380 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Pinus nigra trunk lying on ground in its late disintegration phase. Comments: Pholiota astragalina is a beautifully colored, worldwide spread, but not very common mushroom in Slovenia. In several European regions it is quite rare. In UK, for example, it is protected and put on their Red List. Growing solitary and in confluent groups of a few fruit bodies; SP rusty brown. Spores smooth. Dimensions: 6.8 [7.7 ; 8.1] 9.1 x 4.3 [4.8 ; 4.9] 5.4 microns; Q = 1.4 [1.6 ; 1.7] 1.8; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 7.9 x 4.9 microns; Qe = 1.6. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Ref.: (1) Personal communication and identification Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.com (2) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 258. (3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 212. (4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.12345. Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 328. (5) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 629. (6) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 4., Ulmer (2003), p 373.

Slo.: hrapavi luskinar - Habitat: Mixed forest, deciduous trees dominant, flat terrain, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, in shade, relatively moist place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevations 410 m (1.350 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: base of a Fraxinus excelsior, still growing and in good shape. - Comments: Growing in two dense clusters, many fruitbodies; pileus diameter up to 8 cm, sporocarp up to 11 cm tall; caps ocher-gold-yellow (oac583), in the center darker, red brown (oac715), scales brown (oac748); gills dry-brown with some greenish tint (oac785), stem concolorous with the cap, lighter above ring, darker at the base (oac855), trama beige-yellow (oac855); taste unpleasant somewhat radish; smell mild, a bit spicy (?) , SP abundant, brown (oac769) to chocolate brown when thick (pac796). - Spores dark, thick walled, smooth. Dimensions: 7.7 (SD = 0.3) x 4.5 (SD = 0.2) μ, Q = 1.69 (SD = 0.08), n = 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Ref.: (1) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 389. (2) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 256. (3) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 212. (4) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 118.

Slo.: prelestni luskinar - Habitat: mixed wood and bushes, Picea abies, Pinus Nigra, Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus ornus, Corylus avellana dominant; calcareous, old alluvium ground; flat terrain; in shade, relatively dry and warm place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 420 m (1.380 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Pinus nigra trunk lying on ground in its late disintegration phase. Comments: Pholiota astragalina is a beautifully colored, worldwide spread, but not very common mushroom in Slovenia. In several European regions it is quite rare. In UK, for example, it is protected and put on their Red List. Growing solitary and in confluent groups of a few fruit bodies; SP rusty brown. Spores smooth. Dimensions: 6.8 [7.7 ; 8.1] 9.1 x 4.3 [4.8 ; 4.9] 5.4 microns; Q = 1.4 [1.6 ; 1.7] 1.8; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 7.9 x 4.9 microns; Qe = 1.6. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Ref.: (1) Personal communication and identification Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.com (2) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 258. (3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 212. (4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.12345. Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 328. (5) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 629. (6) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 4., Ulmer (2003), p 373.

Slo.: hrapavi luskinar - Habitat: Mixed forest, deciduous trees dominant, flat terrain, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, in shade, relatively moist place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevations 410 m (1.350 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: base of a Fraxinus excelsior, still growing and in good shape. - Comments: Growing in two dense clusters, many fruitbodies; pileus diameter up to 8 cm, sporocarp up to 11 cm tall; caps ocher-gold-yellow (oac583), in the center darker, red brown (oac715), scales brown (oac748); gills dry-brown with some greenish tint (oac785), stem concolorous with the cap, lighter above ring, darker at the base (oac855), trama beige-yellow (oac855); taste unpleasant somewhat radish; smell mild, a bit spicy (?) , SP abundant, brown (oac769) to chocolate brown when thick (pac796). - Spores dark, thick walled, smooth. Dimensions: 7.7 (SD = 0.3) x 4.5 (SD = 0.2) μ, Q = 1.69 (SD = 0.08), n = 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Ref.: (1) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 389. (2) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 256. (3) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 212. (4) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 118.