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Agaricus bernardii Quél. 1878 resmi
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Agaricus bernardii Quél. 1878

Associations ( İngilizce )

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Plant / associate
fruitbody of Agaricus bernardii is associated with Poaceae

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Characteristic features of agaricus bernardii (pictures and text) ( Almanca )

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Guidance for identification

Agaricus bernardii ( İngilizce )

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Agaricus bernardii, commonly called the salt-loving mushroom, is an agaric fungus in the family Agaricaceae. A short, squat mushroom, the thick stem is usually less than the diameter of the cap, which ranges from 5–15 cm (2.0–5.9 in). Found in Asia, Europe, North America, New Zealand and Australia it is a salt-tolerant species that grows in salt marshes, dunes, and coastal grassland. The fungus produces fruit bodies (mushrooms) with convex to flattened caps up to 15 cm (5.9 in) in diameter, atop thick stems up to 10 cm (3.9 in) long. The cap surface is whitish to buff, and can develop scales or warts in age. Gills are initially pink before turning brown when the spores mature. The flesh turns reddish when it is cut or bruised. The mushroom somewhat resembles Agaricus bitorquis but it differs from that species by the reddish-brown staining of cap and stem tissue, the nature of the ring on the stem, as well as its briny odor. An edible mushroom, it is stronger in flavor but similar to the store-bought button mushrooms, Agaricus bisporus.

Taxonomy

The species was first described by French mycologist Lucien Quélet as Psalliota bernardi in 1879, based on collections made in La Rochelle, a seaport on the Bay of Biscay (France).[2] Pier Andrea Saccardo transferred it to Agaricus in 1887. Synonyms include Psalliota bernardii, Pratella bernardii, Fungus bernardii, and Agaricus campestris subsp. bernardii.[1]

The infrageneric (below genus-level) classification of A. bernardii is not known with certainty. In his 1978 proposed classification, Paul Heinemann placed it in the subsection Bitorques of the section Agaricus.[3] Although the species has some similarities with species in the section Duploannulatae based on the structure of its veil and its tendencies towards rufescence (developing a red coloration), molecular analysis shows that it does not belong in this section.[4][5] An earlier (1999) analysis suggested that it is closely related to the "Agaricus clade", which contains A. subperonatus, A. devoniensis, A. bisporus, A. spissicaulis, A. bitorquis, and A. impudicus.[6] In 1986, Henri Romagnesi placed it in section Chitonioides;[7] Solomon Wasser demoted this to a subsection of Duploannulatae in 1995,[8] and later provided molecular support for his decision. In addition to A. bernardii, species in Wasser's concept of subsection Chitonioides include A. rollanii, A. bernardiiformis, A. gennadii, A. pequinii, and A. nevoi.[9]

The species was named after the original collector, G. Bernard.[2] Agaricus bernardii is commonly known as the salt-loving mushroom.[10]

Description

The gills are free from attachment to the stem, and crowded closely together.

Fruit bodies of Agaricus bernardii have caps that range in shape from convex to flattened, and reach a diameter of 5–15 cm (2.0–5.9 in). The cap surface is dry and smooth, with a white or buff color that can develop brownish spots in maturity. In age, the surface often forms scales or warts. The flesh is thick, firm, and stains reddish-orange or reddish-brown when cut, although this reaction can be slow to develop.[11] Its odor ranges from mild to briny to pungent.[12] The gills are free from attachment to the stem, and packed close together. Initially grayish-pink to pinkish, they turn reddish-brown and then chocolate brown as the spores mature. The stem is solid (i.e., not hollow), firm, and measures 4–10 cm (1.6–3.9 in) long by 2–4 cm (0.8–1.6 in) thick. A thick, white, rubbery partial veil covers the gills of the immature mushroom, and eventually remains as a ring on the middle of the stem.[11]

Although the mushrooms sometimes have an odor that is briny or pungent ("though not inappropriate"[10]), they are edible and good.[13] David Arora compares its taste to that of the closely related Agaricus bitorquis, "but a little chewier and sometimes with a slightly salty or briny taste."[12]

Agaricus bernardii mushrooms produce a dark brown spore print. The spores are smooth, broadly elliptical, and have dimensions of 6–7.5 by 5–6 μm.[12] The basidia (spore-bearing cells) are four-spored and club-shaped, measuring 14–25 by 4–7 μm; the sterigmata are 4–5 μm. Cheilocystidia (cystidia on the gill edge) are broadly club-shaped to cylindrical, hyaline (translucent), and measure 17–30 by 4–8 μm.[11]

Similar species

Agaricus bitorquis is a lookalike species.

Agaricus bitorquis, also edible, has a similar appearance, but can be distinguished by its double ring, and the lack of a fishy or briny odor. Additionally, A. bitorquis does not stain reddish when cut, and usually does not have a scaly or warty cap.[12] The Hungarian species A. bernardiiformis, named for its similarity to A. bernardii, is distinguished from the latter by its smaller spores (6.2–8.2 by 5.4–6.2 μm) and its club-shaped cheilocystidia that measure 17–35 by 7–9.5 μm.[9] MycoBank, however, considers the two species to be conspecific.[14]

Habitat and distribution

Agaricus bernardii is a saprobic species.[15] Its mushrooms fruit singly, scattered, or in groups on the ground. They grow in sandy soils, lawns, and in habitats with a high salt concentration, like along ocean coasts and salt marshes.[12] Once primarily a maritime species, the fungus has spread inland to roadside verges where salt has been applied to de-ice the roads.[10][16] Fruit bodies sometimes form underground.[12] Mushrooms can also grow in fairy rings, especially when in grasslands or pastures.[11] A Czech study determined that the mushrooms will strongly bioaccumulate silver from contaminated soil. Although the average concentration of silver in the soil is typically less than 1 milligram per kilogram of soil, it can be significantly elevated near industrial sites such as mines and smelters. The concentration of silver in the caps—which reached levels of up to 544 mg per kg of mushroom tissue (dry weight)—was about twice that of the stems.[17]

The species is found in Asia, Europe, North America[10] (including Mexico)[18] and New Zealand.[11]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Agaricus bernardii (Quél.) Sacc. 1887". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2012-08-13.
  2. ^ a b Quélet L. (1878). "Quelques especes nouvelles de Champignons" [Some new species of mushrooms]. Bulletin de la Société botanique de France (in French). 25 (4): 287–92. doi:10.1080/00378941.1878.10827918.
  3. ^ Heinemann P. (1978). "Essai d'une clé de détermination des genres Agaricus et Micropsalliota". Sydowia. 30: 6–37.
  4. ^ Chellan MP, Kerrigan RW, Callac P (2003). "A phylogenetic reconstruction and emendation of Agaricus section Duploannulatae". Mycologia. 95 (1): 61–73. doi:10.2307/3761962. JSTOR 3761962. PMID 21156589.
  5. ^ Kerrigan RW, Callac P, Parra LA (2008). "New and rare taxa in Agaricus section Bivelares (Duploannulati)". Mycologia. 100 (6): 876–92. doi:10.3852/08-019. JSTOR 20445021. PMID 19202842. S2CID 25519596.
  6. ^ Mitchell AS, Bresinsky A (1999). "Phylogenetic relationships of Agaricus species based on ITS-2 and 28S ribosomal DNA sequences". Mycologia. 91 (5): 811–9. doi:10.2307/3761534. JSTOR 3761534. Archived from the original on 2015-09-23. Retrieved 2012-10-06.
  7. ^ Romagnesi H. (1986). "Sur le genre Chitonia (Fr.) Karst" [About the genus Chitonia (Fr.) Karst.]. Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France (in French). 102: 115–20.
  8. ^ Wasser SP. (1995). "New and noteworthy species of the genus Agaricus L.: Fr. emend. Karst. from Israel". Documents Mycologiques. 25: 469–78.
  9. ^ a b Didukh M, Vilgalys R, Wasser SP, Isihuemhen OS, Nevo E (2005). "Notes on Agaricus section Duploannulati using molecular and morphological data". Mycological Research. 109 (6): 729–40. doi:10.1017/S0953756205002443. PMID 16080396.
  10. ^ a b c d Roberts P, Evans S (2011). The Book of Fungi. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. p. 33. ISBN 978-0226721170.
  11. ^ a b c d e Mitchell AD, Walter M (1999). "Species of Agaricus occurring in New Zealand". New Zealand Journal of Botany. 37 (4): 715–25. doi:10.1080/0028825X.1999.9512665.
  12. ^ a b c d e f Arora D. (1986). Mushrooms Demystified: A Comprehensive Guide to the Fleshy Fungi. Berkeley, California: Ten Speed Press. p. 322. ISBN 0-89815-169-4.
  13. ^ Davis RM, Sommer R, Menge JA (2012). Field Guide to Mushrooms of Western North America. University of California Press. p. 223. ISBN 978-0-520-95360-4.
  14. ^ "Agaricus bernardiiformis Bohus 1975". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2012-10-06.
  15. ^ Kuo M. (October 2007). "Agaricus bernardii". Retrieved 2012-10-06.
  16. ^ Scott NE. (1985). "The updated distribution of maritime species on British roadsides". Watsonia. 15 (4): 381–6. ISSN 0043-1532.
  17. ^ Borovička J, Kotrba P, Gryndler M, Mihaljevič M, Řanda Z, Rohovec J, Cajthaml T, Stijve T, Dunn CE (2010). "Bioaccumulation of silver in ectomycorrhizal and saprobic macrofungi from pristine and polluted areas". The Science of the Total Environment. 408 (13): 2733–44. Bibcode:2010ScTEn.408.2733B. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.02.031. PMID 20303145.
  18. ^ Pérez-Silva E, Aguirre-Acosta E (1986). "Macromicetos de zonas urbanas de México. I. Área Metropolitana" [Macromycetes of urban zones from Mexico I. Metropolitan area]. Revista Mexicana de Micología (in Spanish). 2: 187–96. ISSN 0187-3180.

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Agaricus bernardii: Brief Summary ( İngilizce )

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Agaricus bernardii, commonly called the salt-loving mushroom, is an agaric fungus in the family Agaricaceae. A short, squat mushroom, the thick stem is usually less than the diameter of the cap, which ranges from 5–15 cm (2.0–5.9 in). Found in Asia, Europe, North America, New Zealand and Australia it is a salt-tolerant species that grows in salt marshes, dunes, and coastal grassland. The fungus produces fruit bodies (mushrooms) with convex to flattened caps up to 15 cm (5.9 in) in diameter, atop thick stems up to 10 cm (3.9 in) long. The cap surface is whitish to buff, and can develop scales or warts in age. Gills are initially pink before turning brown when the spores mature. The flesh turns reddish when it is cut or bruised. The mushroom somewhat resembles Agaricus bitorquis but it differs from that species by the reddish-brown staining of cap and stem tissue, the nature of the ring on the stem, as well as its briny odor. An edible mushroom, it is stronger in flavor but similar to the store-bought button mushrooms, Agaricus bisporus.

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Agaricus bernardii ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

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Agaricus bernardii, es una especie de hongo comestible, basidiomicetos de la familia Agaricaceae.

Características

La forma del sombrero (Píleo) es convexo a plano, la superficie es seca y pueden medir hasta 15 centímetros de diámetro, su color es blanquecino.

El tallo puede medir hasta 8 centímetros y su grosor varia entre 2 y 4 centímetros de ancho.

La carne es blanca y firme. Es un hongo que se encuentra en las zonas cercanas al mar de Europa y en Estados Unidos, crece en los prados y jardines, en los meses de verano, otoño y en invierno.

Comestibilidad

Es una seta comestible.

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Agaricus bernardii: Brief Summary ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

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Agaricus bernardii, es una especie de hongo comestible, basidiomicetos de la familia Agaricaceae.

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Haisuherkkusieni ( Fince )

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Haisuherkkusieni eli meriherkkusieni (Agaricus bernardii, syn. A. maleolens) on Suomessa kasvava myrkyllinen herkkusienilaji. Haisu- ja meriherkkusientä pidettiin aiemmin eri lajeina, mutta nykykäsityksen mukaan on kyse yhdestä lajista.[1] Se muistuttaa syötäviä herkkusieniä, mutta sienen tunnistaa tympeästä hajustaan. Sen lakki on valkoinen tai vaaleanruskea. Jalka on vaalea ja heltat ovat aluksi lihanpunaiset ja myöhemmin tummanruskeat. Sieni on lievästi myrkyllinen ja saattaa aiheuttaa vatsanväänteitä. Sieni myös maistuu pahalta.

Ennen meriherkkusienenä tunnettu muoto kasvaa merenrantojen niityillä ja sisämaan tienvarsilla. Sieni on kohtalaisen harvinainen koko Suomessa.[2]

Lähteet

  1. a b Taksonomian lähde: Index Fungorum Luettu 1.9.2008
  2. Phillips, R.: WSOY Suuri Sienikirja, s. 163. suomeksi toim. Lasse Kosonen. WSOY, 1981, suom. 1992. ISBN 951-0-17255-3.
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Haisuherkkusieni: Brief Summary ( Fince )

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Haisuherkkusieni eli meriherkkusieni (Agaricus bernardii, syn. A. maleolens) on Suomessa kasvava myrkyllinen herkkusienilaji. Haisu- ja meriherkkusientä pidettiin aiemmin eri lajeina, mutta nykykäsityksen mukaan on kyse yhdestä lajista. Se muistuttaa syötäviä herkkusieniä, mutta sienen tunnistaa tympeästä hajustaan. Sen lakki on valkoinen tai vaaleanruskea. Jalka on vaalea ja heltat ovat aluksi lihanpunaiset ja myöhemmin tummanruskeat. Sieni on lievästi myrkyllinen ja saattaa aiheuttaa vatsanväänteitä. Sieni myös maistuu pahalta.

Ennen meriherkkusienenä tunnettu muoto kasvaa merenrantojen niityillä ja sisämaan tienvarsilla. Sieni on kohtalaisen harvinainen koko Suomessa.

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Agaricus bernardii ( Fransızca )

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Agaricus bernardii est une espèce de champignons basidiomycètes de la famille des Agaricaceae.

Notes et références

Références taxinomiques

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Agaricus bernardii: Brief Summary ( Fransızca )

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Agaricus bernardii est une espèce de champignons basidiomycètes de la famille des Agaricaceae.

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Bernāra atmatene ( Letonca )

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Bernāra atmatene jeb Bernarda atmatene (Agaricus bernardii, agrāk arī Psalliota bernardii un Agaricus campestris subsp. bernardii)[1] ir Eiropā bieža un Latvijā iespējami sastopama liela atmateņu dzimtas sēne, kuras augļķermeņi ir ēdami. Agrāk sēne tika uzskatīta par lauka atmatenes formu, pirmoreiz aprakstīta XIX gadsimtā pēc savākšanas Larošelā, Francijā.

Sēnes apraksts

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Vidēja vecuma eksemplārs
  • Cepurīte: krāsa balti pelēcīga. Virsmiziņa sausa, sausā laikā bieži saplaisājusi, veidojot zvīņas. Forma izliekta, vēlāk izpletusies un bieži ar ieleiektu vidu, gaļīga. Cepurītes mala ieritināta, gluda, bieži ar plīvura atliekām. Platums līdz 15 cm. Mīkstums balts, ciets, bojājumu vietās un vecumā kļūst nedaudz rozā, ar dažādi vērtētu smaržu (to nosauc par nepatīkamu, karbola jeb fenola, urīna, patīkamu, anīsa vai siļķu smaržu)[2][3][4] un bez īpašas garšas. Ir norādes, ka iekšzemē augošām sugām garša ir maigāka,[5] un zināms, ka dažām labi smaržojošām atmateņu sugām urīna smaka parādās tikai pāraugušā vecumā (piemēram, dižsporu atmatenei), tā ka iespējams, ka daudzi avoti vienkārši pieņem atsevišķus gadījumus par normu.
  • Lapiņas: rozā, vecākām sēnēm tumši brūnas, brīvas, ļoti ciešas.
  • Kātiņš: brūns, ar šauru brūnu gredzenu, kura apmale pavērsta augšup. Garums līdz 10 cm, resnums 1—4 cm.
  • Sporas: gludas, elipsoīdas, masā purpurbrūnas vai šokolādes brūnas, 5,5—7(10)/5—5,5(7) µm.
  • Bazīdijas: četrsporu, 14—25/4—7 µm.
  • Cistīdas: pēc dažādiem avotiem, 17—30/4—8 vai 60/17 µm.

Augšanas apstākļi

Humusa saprofīte. Aug parasti grupās, sāļās augsnēs no jūlija līdz oktobrim jūras piekrastē vai sāļās stepēs un gar ar sāli kaisītām ielām un ceļiem, pļavās un ganībās reizēm veido "raganu riņķus".[6] Reizēm tikai daļēji izcēlusies no augsnes.[7]

Barības vērtība

Ēdama bez iepriekšējas novārīšanas, taču bez īpašas garšas un bieži aug piesārņotā vidē gar transporta maģistrālēm, kādā augušus nekādus produktus nevajadzētu lietot pārtikā. Čehu zinātnieki novērojuši, ka sēne pastiprināti akumulē no augsnes sudrabu, tomēr cilvēkam nekaitīgā daudzumā.[8]

Līdzīgās sugas

Līdzīga ir pilsētas atmatene, kura nav tik gaļīga un kurai uz kātiņa ir makstveida dubultgredzens. Visas atmatenes, ar kurām Latvijā šo sugu var praktiski sajaukt, ir ēdamas. Mušmires atšķiras no atmatenēm ar savām vienmēr baltajām lapiņām.

Skatīt arī

Atsauces

  1. Species Fungorum: Agaricus bernardii Quél.
  2. Pečárka nepříjemná - myko.cz (čehu)
  3. Викигриб: Шампиньон Бернарда (Agaricus bernardii)
  4. Sugu enciklopēdija
  5. Kuo, M. (2007, October). Agaricus bernardii - MushroomExpert.com
  6. T.Lesoe, “Sēnes”, Zvaigzne ABC, 1998., 162. lpp. ISBN 9984-22-283-7.
  7. Urban Mushrooms: Agaricus bernardii
  8. Borovička J, Kotrba P, Gryndler M, Mihaljevič M, Řanda Z, Rohovec J, Cajthaml T, Stijve T, Dunn CE (2010). "Bioaccumulation of silver in ectomycorrhizal and saprobic macrofungi from pristine and polluted areas". The Science of the Total Environment 408 (13): 2733–44. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.02.031. PMID 20303145.

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Bernāra atmatene: Brief Summary ( Letonca )

wikipedia LV tarafından sağlandı

Bernāra atmatene jeb Bernarda atmatene (Agaricus bernardii, agrāk arī Psalliota bernardii un Agaricus campestris subsp. bernardii) ir Eiropā bieža un Latvijā iespējami sastopama liela atmateņu dzimtas sēne, kuras augļķermeņi ir ēdami. Agrāk sēne tika uzskatīta par lauka atmatenes formu, pirmoreiz aprakstīta XIX gadsimtā pēc savākšanas Larošelā, Francijā.

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Agaricus bernardii ( Portekizce )

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Agaricus bernardii é um fungo que pertence ao gênero de cogumelos Agaricus na ordem Agaricales.[1]

Taxonomia

A espécie foi descrita cientificamente pela primeira vez pelo micologista francês Lucien Quélet como Psalliota bernardi em 1879, com base em coletas feitas em La Rochelle, um porto no Golfo da Biscaia, França.[2] Pier Andrea Saccardo transferiu o cogumelo para o gênero Agaricus em 1887. Outros sinônimos incluem Psalliota bernardii, Pratella bernardii, Fungus bernardii, r Agaricus campestris subsp. bernardii.[3]

A classificação infra-genérica de A. bernardii ainda não está muito bem determinada. Na classificação proposta em 1978 por Paul Heinemann, a espécie foi alocada na subseção Bitorques da seção Agaricus.[4] Embora o cogumelo tenha algumas semelhanças com espécies da seção Duploannulatae como na estrutura do véu parcial e sua tendência a adquirir uma coloração avermelhada, a análise molecular mostra que ela não pertence a esta seção.[5][6] Um estudo anterior, realizado em 1999, sugere que esteja estreitamente relacionado com o "clado Agaricus", que contém A. subperonatus, A. devoniensis, A. bisporus, A. spissicaulis, A. bitorquis, e A. impudicus.[7] Em 1986, Henri Romagnesi colocou o fungo na seção Chitonioides;[8] Solomon Wasser rebaixou-a à subseção dos Duploannulatae em 1995,[9] e depois demonstrou que tal decisão era consistente com as evidências moleculares disponíveis. Além deA. bernardii, as espécies que se enquadram no conceito da subseção Chitonioides de Wasser incluem A. rollanii, A. bernardiiformis, A. gennadii, A. pequinii, e A. nevoi.[10]

A espécie foi nomeada em homenagem ao seu primeiro coletor, G. Bernard.[2] Em língua inglesa, o cogumelo é conhecido popularmente como "salt-loving mushroom".[11]

Descrição

 src=
The gills are free from attachment to the stem, and crowded closely together.

Os corpos de frutificação de Agaricus bernardii tem píleos com formato convexo a achatado, e que atingem 5 a 15 cm de diâmetro. Sua superfície é seca e lisa, com uma cor branca ou de couro que pode desenvolver manchas acastanhadas na maturidade. Com o passar do tempo, aparecem verrugas e cascas na superfície. O carne é grossa, firme e fica laranja-avermelhada ou marrom-avermelhada quando cortada, embora esta reação pode acontecer de forma lenta[12] Seu odor varia de leve a pungente.[13] As lamelas estão livres de apego à estipe, e estão dispostas umas próximas as outras. Inicialmente rosa-cinzento a rosado, elas vão ficando marrom-avermelhada e depois castanho-chocolate a medida que os esporos amadurecem. A estipe é sólida (isto é, não é oca), firme e mede 4 a 10 cm de comprimento por 2 a 4 cm de espessura. Um véu parcial branco e borrachoso recobre as lamelas no cogumelo imaturo, e eventualmente persiste na forma de anel no meio do tronco.[12]

Habitat e distribuição

Agaricus bernardii é uma espécie sapróbica.[14] Seus cogumelos crescem solitários, dispersos ou em grupos sobre o solo. Eles se desenvolvem em solos arenosos, em gramados, e habita áreas com alta concentração de sal, como ao longo das costas oceânicas e salinas.[13] Antes uma espécie essencialmente marítima, o fungo se espalhou continente adentro graças a aplicação de sal para degelar as beiras das estradas.[15][11] Os corpos de frutificação às vezes se formam sob o solo.[13] Os cogumelos também podem crescer em anel de fadaanéis de fada, especialmente em terrenos descampados ou pastos.[12] Um estudo tcheco determinou que os cogumlos são capazes de bioacumular prata de um solo contamido. Embora a concentração média de prata no solo é tipicamente menor que 1 miligrama por quilograma de terra, ela pode estar significativamente elevada próximo de áreas industriais como minas e fundições. A concentração deste mineral nos píleos tem níveis que podem alcançar 544 mg por kg do tecido do cogumelo (peso seco), valor duas vezes maior que na estipe.[16]

A espécie é encontrada na Ásia, Europa, América do Norte[11] (incluindo México)[17] e Nova Zelândia.[12]

Referências

  1. «Agaricus bernardii» (em inglês). mycobank.org. Consultado em 22 de janeiro de 2016
  2. a b Quélet L. (1878). «Quelques especes nouvelles de Champignons». Bulletin de la Société botanique de France (em francês). 25 (4): 287–92
  3. «Agaricus bernardii (Quél.) Sacc. 1887». MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Consultado em 13 de agosto de 2012
  4. Heinemann P. (1978). «Essai d'une clé de détermination des genres Agaricus et Micropsalliota». Sydowia. 30: 6–37
  5. Chellan MP, Kerrigan RW, Callac P. (2003). «A phylogenetic reconstruction and emendation of Agaricus section Duploannulatae». Mycologia. 95 (1): 61–73. JSTOR 3761962. doi:10.2307/3761962 !CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores (link)
  6. Kerrigan RW, Callac P, Parra LA. (2008). «New and rare taxa in Agaricus section Bivelares (Duploannulati. Mycologia. 100 (6): 876–92. doi:10.3852/08-019 !CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores (link)
  7. Mitchell AS, Bresinsky A. (1999). «Phylogenetic relationships of Agaricus species based on ITS-2 and 28S ribosomal DNA sequences». Mycologia. 91 (5): 811–9. doi:10.2307/3761534
  8. Romagnesi H. (1986). «Sur le genre Chitonia (Fr.) Karst.». Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France (em francês). 102: 115–20
  9. Wasser SP. (1995). «New and noteworthy species of the genus Agaricus L.: Fr. emend. Karst. from Israel». Documents Mycologiques. 25: 469–78
  10. Didukh M, Vilgalys R, Wasser SP, Isihuemhen OS, Nevo E. (2005). «Notes on Agaricus section Duploannulati using molecular and morphological data». Mycological Research. 109 (6): 729–40. PMID 16080396. doi:10.1017/S0953756205002443 !CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores (link)
  11. a b c Roberts P, Evans S. (2011). The Book of Fungi. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. p. 33. ISBN 978-0226721170
  12. a b c d Mitchell AD, Walter M. (1999). «Species of Agaricus occurring in New Zealand». New Zealand Journal of Botany. 37 (4): 715–25. doi:10.1080/0028825X.1999.9512665
  13. a b c Arora D. (1986). Mushrooms Demystified: A Comprehensive Guide to the Fleshy Fungi. Berkeley, California: Ten Speed Press. p. 322. ISBN 0-89815-169-4
  14. Kuo M. (2007). «Agaricus bernardii». Consultado em 6 de outubro de 2012
  15. Scott NE. (1985). «The updated distribution of maritime species on British roadsides». Watsonia. 15 (4): 381–6. ISSN 0043-1532
  16. Borovička J, Kotrba P, Gryndler M, Mihaljevič M, Řanda Z, Rohovec J, Cajthaml T, Stijve T, Dunn CE. (2010). «Bioaccumulation of silver in ectomycorrhizal and saprobic macrofungi from pristine and polluted areas». The Science of the Total Environment. 408 (13): 2733–44. PMID 20303145. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.02.031 !CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores (link)
  17. Pérez-Silva E, Aguirre-Acosta E. (1986). «Macromicetos de zonas urbanas de México. I. Área Metropolitana». Revista Mexicana de Micología (em espanhol). 2: 187–96. ISSN 0187-3180

Erro de citação: Elemento com nome "Davis 2012" definido em não é utilizado no texto da página.

Erro de citação: Elemento com nome "urlMycoBank: Agaricus bernardiiformis" definido em não é utilizado no texto da página.

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Agaricus bernardii: Brief Summary ( Portekizce )

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Agaricus bernardii é um fungo que pertence ao gênero de cogumelos Agaricus na ordem Agaricales.

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Strandängschampinjon ( İsveççe )

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Den mykologiska karaktären hos strandängschampinjon:

Gills icon.png
hymenium:
skivor

Flat cap icon.svg
hatt:
plan

Free gills icon.png
skivtyp:
fria

Inedible toxicity icon.png
ätlighet:
oätlig



Ring stipe icon.png
fot:
ring

Tan spore print icon.png
sporavtryck:
brun

Saprotrophic ecology icon.png
ekologi:
saprofyt

Strandängschampinjon (Agaricus bernardii) är en svampart[8] som beskrevs av Quél. 1878. Strandängschampinjon ingår i släktet champinjoner och familjen Agaricaceae.[9][10][11] Arten är reproducerande i Sverige.[11] Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.[9]

Denna kraftiga champinjon gynnas av salt och växer på strandängar och vägrenar där det har saltats efter vintrarnas väghållning. [12] Den är sällsynt. Den bör undvikas beroende på att den kan innehålla blysamma kulinariska kvaliteter och att den har frän, kanske kväljande doft och smak. [13]

Källor

  1. ^ F.H. Møller (1952) , In: Friesia 4:203
  2. ^ Pilát (1951) , In: Enum. pl. (Kjbenhavn) 2:304
  3. ^ F.H. Møller (1950) , In: Friesia 4:17
  4. ^ Konrad & Maubl. (1937) , In: Icon. Select. Fung. 6(texte general):60
  5. ^ Kuntze (1898) , In: Revis. gen. pl. (Leipzig) 3(2):479
  6. ^ Quél. (1888) , In: Fl. mycol. France (Paris):73
  7. ^ Quél. (1879) , In: Bull. Soc. bot. Fr. 25:288
  8. ^ Quél. (1878) , In: Clavis syn. Hymen. Europ.:89
  9. ^ [a b] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (26 april 2011). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/agaricus+bernardii/match/1. Läst 24 september 2012.
  10. ^ Species Fungorum. Kirk P.M., 2010-11-23
  11. ^ [a b] Dyntaxa Strandängschampinjon
  12. ^ ”Augustisidan 2002”. www.svampklubben.org. http://www.svampklubben.org/aug2002.html. Läst 10 augusti 2018.
  13. ^ Nylén, Bo (2014). Svampar i skog och mark. sid. 247

Externa länkar

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Strandängschampinjon: Brief Summary ( İsveççe )

wikipedia SV tarafından sağlandı

Strandängschampinjon (Agaricus bernardii) är en svampart som beskrevs av Quél. 1878. Strandängschampinjon ingår i släktet champinjoner och familjen Agaricaceae. Arten är reproducerande i Sverige. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Denna kraftiga champinjon gynnas av salt och växer på strandängar och vägrenar där det har saltats efter vintrarnas väghållning. Den är sällsynt. Den bör undvikas beroende på att den kan innehålla blysamma kulinariska kvaliteter och att den har frän, kanske kväljande doft och smak.

Agaricus bernardii 2377.jpg Agaricus.bitorquis.nathan.jpg
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Agaricus bernardii ( Vietnamca )

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Agaricus bernardii là một loài nấm trong họ Agaricaceae. Nó có phần giống với Agaricus bitorquis nhưng khác nhau ở điểm nấm có mũ nâu đỏ và thân nấm cũng như mùi mặn của nó.

Hình ảnh

Xem thêm

Chú thích

  1. ^ Zeller SM. (1938). “New or noteworthy agarics from the Pacific Coast States”. Mycologia 30 (4): 468–74. JSTOR 3754471. doi:10.2307/3754471.
  2. ^ Agaricus hondensis Murrill 1912”. MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Truy cập ngày 13 tháng 7 năm 2012.

Tham khảo


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến bộ nấm Agaricales này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Agaricus bernardii: Brief Summary ( Vietnamca )

wikipedia VI tarafından sağlandı

Agaricus bernardii là một loài nấm trong họ Agaricaceae. Nó có phần giống với Agaricus bitorquis nhưng khác nhau ở điểm nấm có mũ nâu đỏ và thân nấm cũng như mùi mặn của nó.

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Шампиньон Бернара ( Rusça )

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Царство: Грибы
Подцарство: Высшие грибы
Подотдел: Agaricomycotina
Порядок: Агариковые
Семейство: Шампиньоновые
Вид: Шампиньон Бернара
Международное научное название

Agaricus bernardii (Quél.) Sacc., 1887

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Изображения
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NCBI 83510EOL 133907MB 176067

Шампиньо́н Берна́ра (лат. Agaricus bernardii) — гриб семейства шампиньоновых (Agaricaceae).

Научные синонимы[1]:

  • Psalliota bernardii Quél. 1879
  • Pratella bernardii (Quél.) Quél. 1888
  • Fungus bernardii (Quél.) Kuntze 1898
  • Agaricus campestris subsp. bernardii (Quél.) Konrad & Maubl. 1937

Описание

Шляпка диаметром 7—15 см, очень мясистая, выпуклая или плоская, сухая, с завёрнутым гладким краем. Кожица белая или сероватая, может растрескиваться с образованием чешуйчатого узора.

Мякоть плотная, белая, с возрастом становится розоватой, розовеет и при надавливании. Запах неприятный.

Ножка длиной 5—10 и диаметром 2—4 см.

Пластинки свободные, частые, сначала розовые, у зрелых грибов шоколадно-коричневые.

Остатки покрывал: кольцо на ножке плёнчатое, с тонким отвёрнутым краем.

Споровый порошок шоколадно-коричневого цвета, споры 6,5×5,5 мкм, широкоэллипсовидные.

Экология и распространение

Встречается в местах, где происходит засоление почвы: в прибрежных морских районах или вдоль дорог, посыпаемых зимой солью, плодоносит обычно большими группами.

Широко распространён в Европе.

Сезон лето — осень.

Сходные виды

  • Шампиньон двукольцевой (Agaricus bitorquis) растёт в тех же условиях, отличается двойным кольцом, кисловатым запахом и нерастрескивающейся шляпкой.

Пищевые качества

Гриб съедобен, но невысокого качества, нежелательно употреблять грибы, растущие в загрязнённых местах вдоль автодорог.

Литература

Лессо Т. Грибы, определитель / пер. с англ. Л. В. Гарибовой, С. Н. Лекомцевой. — М.: «Астрель», «АСТ», 2003. — С. 162. — ISBN 5-17-020333-0.

Примечания

  1. Agaricus bernardii (англ.) на сайте MycoBank.
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Шампиньон Бернара: Brief Summary ( Rusça )

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Шампиньо́н Берна́ра (лат. Agaricus bernardii) — гриб семейства шампиньоновых (Agaricaceae).

Научные синонимы:

Psalliota bernardii Quél. 1879 Pratella bernardii (Quél.) Quél. 1888 Fungus bernardii (Quél.) Kuntze 1898 Agaricus campestris subsp. bernardii (Quél.) Konrad & Maubl. 1937
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