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Comments ( İngilizce )

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Taxus floridana is a rare endemic along the Appalachicola River in Florida.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliyografik atıf
Flora of North America Vol. 2 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Description ( İngilizce )

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Shrubs or small trees to 6(--10) m, dioecious, trunk to 3.8 dm diam. Bark purplish brown, thin, scaly. Branches stout, spreading. Leaves 1--2.6(--2.9) cm ´ 1--2(--2.2) mm, mostly slightly falcate, light green with 2 grayish bands abaxially, with cuticular papillae along stomatal bands, dark green adaxially, epidermal cells as viewed in cross section of leaf wider than tall or ± isodiametric. Seed ellipsoid, 5--6 mm.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliyografik atıf
Flora of North America Vol. 2 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
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Distribution ( İngilizce )

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Fla.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliyografik atıf
Flora of North America Vol. 2 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
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Habitat ( İngilizce )

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Seeds maturing in early fall. Moist, shaded ravines in hardwood forests; of conservation concern; 15--30m.
lisans
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliyografik atıf
Flora of North America Vol. 2 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
kaynak
Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
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Flora of North America Editorial Committee
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Synonym ( İngilizce )

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Taxus baccata Linnaeus var. floridana (Nuttall ex Chapman) Pilger
lisans
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliyografik atıf
Flora of North America Vol. 2 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
kaynak
Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
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Flora of North America Editorial Committee
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Common Names ( İngilizce )

Fire Effects Information System Plants tarafından sağlandı
Florida yew
bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Taxus floridana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Conservation Status ( İngilizce )

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More info for the term: natural

The state of Florida lists Florida yew as endangered [28]. The Natural
Heritage Program lists Florida yew as imperiled because of rarity or
because of vulnerability to extinction (global and state rank 2) [2].
Florida yew is listed by The Nature Conservancy as imperiled because of
rarity and limited range [7].
bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Taxus floridana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Description ( İngilizce )

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More info for the terms: shrub, tree

Florida yew is a native, evergreen, small, bushy tree or shrub [3,6,12].
Maximum height at maturity is usually 26 feet (8 m), although one survey
reported an individual that was 30 feet (9 m) tall and 6.5 inches (16.5
cm) d.b.h. [3,6,20]. The bark is purplish brown, sloughing in plates.
The leaves are needlelike, flat, linear, and somewhat falcate, 0.8 to 1
inch (2-2.5 cm) long. The branches are arranged in an irregular manner,
long branches are often oriented ar nearly right angles to the trunk.
Even though the wood is hard when dried, live trunks are flexible [16].
The ovulate cones occur singly in only a few leaf axils [6]. The
ovulate cones have a fleshy outer covering (aril) that is 0.4 inch (10
mm) broad [3].
bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Taxus floridana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Distribution ( İngilizce )

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More info for the term: swamp

Florida yew is known only from bluffs and ravines along the Apalachicola
River in northwestern Florida, in Gadsden and Liberty counties [6,7].
Several populations occur along a 15-mile [24 km] stretch of the river
[7,11,12]. A single population was reported by Kurz [10] in an Atlantic
white-cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides) swamp 8 miles [12.8 km] southeast
of Bristol, Florida. The Nature Conservancy, however, reported that no
further observations of the Atlantic white-cedar swamp population have
been made [7].
bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Taxus floridana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Fire Ecology ( İngilizce )

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More info for the terms: fire regime, litter, mesic

Florida yew occurs in humid forests on moderate to steep slopes that
rarely burn. Fire was historically frequent in the longleaf pine/grass
habitats upland of these slopes; observers note that surface fires there
often burn to the edges of the slopes and then naturally extinguish
[24]. Fires in the mesic hammocks in which Florida yew occurs usually
originate elsewhere, and consist of surface fires that creep and burn
only litter [27]. Florida yew will sprout after tops have been damaged
by means other than fire. It is possible that fire-damaged stems may
respond the same way. Sprouts that form after tops have been damaged,
however, are of low vigor and do not usually survive [25]. Other yews
are very susceptible to heat damage and rarely sprout after fire [26].

FIRE REGIMES :
Find fire regime information for the plant communities in which this
species may occur by entering the species name in the FEIS home page under
"Find FIRE REGIMES".
bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Taxus floridana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Fire Management Considerations ( İngilizce )

Fire Effects Information System Plants tarafından sağlandı
Fires in Florida yew habitats would probably be detrimental to Florida
yew populations [19].
bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Taxus floridana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Growth Form (according to Raunkiær Life-form classification) ( İngilizce )

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More info on this topic.

More info for the term: phanerophyte

Phanerophyte
bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Taxus floridana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat characteristics ( İngilizce )

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More info for the terms: peat, swamp

Florida yew occurs on steep slopes in the ravines and occasionally on
bluffs along the the Apalachicola River. Soils are slightly acidic to
neutral sandy loams [7,10]. Florida yew occurs at elevations between
upland sandhill (longleaf pine [Pinus palustris]) habitats and very
moist ravine bottoms [1,13]. It also occurs in an acidic peat (pH
range 4.2-4.5) swamp [10].
bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Taxus floridana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat: Cover Types ( İngilizce )

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More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in association with the following cover types (as classified by the Society of American Foresters):

70 Longleaf pine
74 Cabbage palmetto
97 Atlantic white-cedar
bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Taxus floridana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat: Ecosystem ( İngilizce )

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More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in the following ecosystem types (as named by the U.S. Forest Service in their Forest and Range Ecosystem [FRES] Type classification):

FRES12 Longleaf - slash pine
FRES16 Oak - gum - cypress
bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Taxus floridana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat: Plant Associations ( İngilizce )

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More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in association with the following plant community types (as classified by Küchler 1964):

K112 Southern mixed forest
bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Taxus floridana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Immediate Effect of Fire ( İngilizce )

Fire Effects Information System Plants tarafından sağlandı
Florida yew is probably easily killed by fire.
bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Taxus floridana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Importance to Livestock and Wildlife ( İngilizce )

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More info for the term: tree

Birds consume almost of all ripe Florida yew cones [6]. The relatively
small distribution of this tree makes it unlikely that it is an
important food source for any species. White-tailed deer rubs on
Florida yew are common, sometimes causing extensive damage or death to
the stem. Florida yew is a preferred food for beavers. Yellow-bellied
sapsuckers excavate Florida yew for insects; holes characteristic of
this bird were found on mature Florida yew stems [20].
bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Taxus floridana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Key Plant Community Associations ( İngilizce )

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More info for the terms: forest, hardwood, swamp, tree

Florida yew usually occurs in small clonal stands or clumps and rarely
as individual stems [7,20]. It occurs as disjunct populations of
several hundred to several thousand stems per hectare in hardwood
forests dominated by American beech (Fagus grandiflora) and southern
magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora), in both open forest habitats and dense
mountain-laurel (Kalmia latifolia) thickets. It is an important
component of the forest understory in some drainages [20]. Florida yew
occurs in habitats which include the rare Florida torreya (Torreya
taxifolia), false hellebore (Veratrum woodii), and bladdernut (Staphylea
trifolia). More common species occurring with Florida yew include
laurel oak (Quercus laurifolia), American beech, horse sugar (Symplocos
tinctoria), highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum), and in an
Atlantic white-cedar swamp, inkberry (Ilex glabra) [10,20]. Additional
species that occur with Florida yew as reported by Southeastern Forestry
Services [20] include white oak (Q. alba), mockernut hickory (Carya
tomentosa), tree sparkleberry (V. arboreum), and yaupon (I. vomitoria).
On lower slopes the forests are dominated by American beech, southern
magnolia, and American holly (I. opaca). In some ravines Florida yew
occurs in dense stands of fetterbush (Leucothoe racemosa),
mountain-laurel, greenbriers (Smilax spp.), and canebreak (Arundinaria
spp.). No indicator species associated with Florida yew have yet been
identified. Southeastern Forestry Services suggested that differences
in soil, aspect, moisture, or a combination of these factors may
influence the distribution of Florida yew, and that further research is
needed.
bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Taxus floridana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Life Form ( İngilizce )

Fire Effects Information System Plants tarafından sağlandı
More info for the terms: shrub, tree

Tree, Shrub
bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Taxus floridana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Management considerations ( İngilizce )

Fire Effects Information System Plants tarafından sağlandı
More info for the term: fresh

Florida yew occurs in forests that may be subject to logging and/or
other private development. It has also been found to contain taxol in
quantities similar to those found in Pacific yew (Taxus brevifolia), and
may be exploited for that purpose. This may pose a major threat to
Florida yew, considering the small number of extant individuals and its
extremely restricted range. If in vitro production of taxol is
developed, exploitation of Florida yew for taxol production may become
less of a threat to remaining populations [7].

Florida yew occurs in some areas that have been protected (The Nature
Conservancy's Apalachicola Bluffs and Ravines Preserve and Torreya State
Park), but many populations remain without specific protection.
Long-term monitoring programs, artificial propagation studies, and
studies on the fungi associated with Florida yew (as possible taxol
producers) are underway. Further studies on its reproductive biology
and other ecological characteristics have been recommended [7].

The seeds and fresh foliage are poisonous to humans [3].
bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Taxus floridana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Occurrence in North America ( İngilizce )

Fire Effects Information System Plants tarafından sağlandı
FL
bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Taxus floridana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Other uses and values ( İngilizce )

Fire Effects Information System Plants tarafından sağlandı
Taxol, a compound used to combat cancer, has been isolated from Florida
yew bark [7].
bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Taxus floridana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Phenology ( İngilizce )

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More info on this topic.

Florida yew arils mature in September or early October of their first
season [3].
bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Taxus floridana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Post-fire Regeneration ( İngilizce )

Fire Effects Information System Plants tarafından sağlandı
Tree with adventitious-bud root crown/soboliferous species root sucker
bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Taxus floridana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Regeneration Processes ( İngilizce )

Fire Effects Information System Plants tarafından sağlandı
More info for the terms: density, dioecious, formation, layering, presence, seed

Florida yew is dioecious [16]. The seeds of other yews (Taxus spp.)
often take two growing seasons to germinate. Passage through the
digestive tract of birds is probably required for germination of any yew
seed [17]. Seedling recruitment in Florida yew varies among sites. The
majority of seedlings occur under female Florida yew trees, but seedling
height growth is negatively affected by the presence and density of a
canopy. Of one hundred tagged seedlings at each of two sites, 21 and 39
percent survived to 10 months. Seedlings are apparently only moderately
shade tolerant; very low levels of seedling recruitment were observed at
the site which had a closed canopy [16].

Florida yews form clonal stands largely through layering [16], although
root sprouts have also been reported [20]. Stems which have had their
tops chewed off by beavers will sprout, resulting in a bushy growth form
[20]. Individual Florida yew stems often fall over after reaching
maturity, or have branches forced to the ground by overstory branches or
stems which allows new Florida yew stems to form. The flexible trunk
and long branches of Florida yew appear to facilitate the formation of
clonal stands. Female genets have significantly more ramets than male
genets [16].
bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Taxus floridana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Successional Status ( İngilizce )

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More info on this topic.

More info for the terms: formation, ramet, seed

Facultative Seral Species

Florida yew is tolerant of shade. Seed germination occurs under light
to deep shade, although seedling establishment and survival are low
under very deep shade [16]. Florida yew is, however, apparently adapted
to disturbance. Disturbances that topple Florida yew stems, such as
shifting sands or windfall of overstory stems create opportunites for
new ramet formation, often downslope of the original stem. Individual
stems of Florida yew may be relatively short-lived, but genets may be
long-lived, shifting location along slopes. The largest (and oldest)
genets are often found on the lowest slopes [27].
bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Taxus floridana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Taxonomy ( İngilizce )

Fire Effects Information System Plants tarafından sağlandı
The currently accepted scientific name for Florida yew is Taxus
floridana Nutt. ex Chapm. [6,12]. There are no accepted infrataxa.
bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Taxus floridana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

U.S. Federal Legal Status ( İngilizce )

Fire Effects Information System Plants tarafından sağlandı
None [29]
bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Taxus floridana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Physical Description ( İngilizce )

USDA PLANTS text tarafından sağlandı
Tree, Shrub, Evergreen, Dioecious, Habit erect, Trees without or rarely having knees, Tree with bark rough or scaly, Young shoots in flat sprays, Young shoots 3-dimensional, Buds not resinous, Leaves needle-like, Leaves alternate, Needle-like leaf margins entire (use magnification), Leaf apex acute, Leaf apex mucronulate, Leaves < 5 cm long, Leaves < 10 cm long, Leaves not blue-green, Scale leaves without raised glands, Needle-like leaves flat, Needle-like leaves not twisted, Needle-like leaf habit erect, Needle-like leaves per fascicle mostly 1, Twigs glabrous, Twigs not viscid, Twigs without peg-like projections or large fascicles after needles fall, Seeds within cone, Aril light green, Aril red to orange to purple, Berry-like cones reddish, Bracts of seed cone included, Seeds brown, Seeds wingless.
derleyici
Stephen C. Meyers
derleyici
Aaron Liston
derleyici
Steffi Ickert-Bond
derleyici
Damon Little

Florida qaraçöhrəsi ( Azerice )

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Florida qaraçöhrəsi (lat. Taxus floridana) — qaraçöhrəkimilər fəsiləsinin qaraçöhrə cinsinə aid bitki növü.

Mənbə


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Florida qaraçöhrəsi: Brief Summary ( Azerice )

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Florida qaraçöhrəsi (lat. Taxus floridana) — qaraçöhrəkimilər fəsiləsinin qaraçöhrə cinsinə aid bitki növü.

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Florida-Eibe ( Almanca )

wikipedia DE tarafından sağlandı

Die Florida-Eibe (Taxus floridana) ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung der Eiben (Taxus) in der Familie der Eibengewächse (Taxaceae).

Beschreibung

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Habitus

Vegetative Merkmale

Die Florida-Eibe ist ein immergrüner, langsamwüchsiger Strauch oder Baum, der Wuchshöhen von meist bis zu 5 Metern, seltener auch 8 bis 10 Metern und Stammdurchmesser von bis zu knapp 40 Zentimetern erreicht. Die Florida-Eibe verzweigt sich weitausladend horizontal. Die Rinde ist purpur-braun; an den jungen Zweigen ist sie noch glatt, im Alter zerspringt sie in kleine unregelmäßige Platten.

Die dunkelgrünen Nadeln sind etwa 2,5 Zentimeter lang; sie sind weich und biegsam und stehen beidseitig gescheitelt am Zweig ab. Der Austrieb ist frischgrün und gibt so einen schönen Kontrast zur dunkelgrünen älteren Benadelung.

Generative Merkmale

Die Florida-Eibe ist zweihäusig getrenntgeschlechtig (diözisch). Im März erscheinen an den weiblichen Pflanzen die unscheinbaren Blüten. Im Oktober sind die gelbbraunen, etwa 0,5 bis 1 cm langen Samen ausgereift, die von einem roten Samenmantel (Arillus) teilweise umschlossen werden.

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Verbreitungsgebiet

Vorkommen

Die Florida-Eibe ist ein Endemit eines kleinen Gebietes um den Apalachicola River im nordwestlichen Teil des US-Bundesstaates Florida[1] in den Counties in Gadsden sowie Liberty County Sie kommt in feuchten, schattigen Schluchten und in Hartholzwäldern in Höhenlagen von 15 bis 30 Metern entlang des Ostufers des Apalachicola River vor.[1][2] Der natürliche Bestand dieser seltenen Art gilt bei der IUCN 2010 als vom Aussterben bedroht = „Critically Endangered“.[3]

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Dieser Artikel oder nachfolgende Abschnitt ist nicht hinreichend mit Belegen (beispielsweise Einzelnachweisen) ausgestattet. Angaben ohne ausreichenden Beleg könnten demnächst entfernt werden. Bitte hilf Wikipedia, indem du die Angaben recherchierst und gute Belege einfügst.

Wie auch andere Taxus-Arten ist die Florida-Eibe ein Schattenspezialist; sie kommt auch mit vollschattigen Standorten gut zurecht. Sie gedeiht am besten auf leicht sauren Böden.

Taxonomie

Die Erstbeschreibung von Taxus floridana erfolgte 1860 durch Thomas Nuttall in Alvan Wentworth Chapman: Flora of the southern United States, Seite 436.[1][4][5] Ein Synonym für Taxus floridana Nutt. ex Chapm. ist Taxus canadensis var. floridana (Nuttall ex Chapman) Pilger.[1][5]

Gesundheitshinweis

Fast alle Pflanzenteile der Florida-Eibe sind hochgiftig.

Nutzung

Die Rinde der Florida-Eibe enthält Taxol, einen als Krebsmittel bedeutsamen Stoff. Es erfolgte jedoch kein kommerzieller Anbau; mittlerweile gibt es Methoden, Taxol aus bestimmten Pilzarten im Laboratorium zu gewinnen.

Quellen

Einzelnachweise

  1. a b c d Matthew H. Hils: Taxaceae.: Taxus floridana Nuttall ex Chapman. – textgleich online wie gedrucktes Werk, In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Hrsg.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 2: Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. Oxford University Press, New York und Oxford, 1993, ISBN 0-19-508242-7.
  2. Datenblatt bei floridata.com.
  3. Taxus floridana in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN 2019.1. Eingestellt von: T. Spector, P. Thomas, R. Determann, 2010. Abgerufen am 10. Mai 2019.
  4. Nuttall ex Chapman: Flora of the southern United States, 1860, Seite 436. eingescannt bei biodiversitylibrary.org.
  5. a b Taxus floridana bei Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis Abgerufen am 10. Mai 2019.

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Florida-Eibe: Brief Summary ( Almanca )

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Die Florida-Eibe (Taxus floridana) ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung der Eiben (Taxus) in der Familie der Eibengewächse (Taxaceae).

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Taxus floridana ( İngilizce )

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Taxus floridana, the Florida yew,[3] is a species of yew, endemic to a small area of under 10 km² on the eastern side of the Apalachicola River in mesophytic forests of northern Florida at altitudes of 15–40 m. It is listed as critically endangered.[1][4][5] It is protected in reserves at the Torreya State Park and at the Nature Conservancy's Apalachicola Bluffs and Ravines Preserve, and has legal protection under the United States and Florida Endangered Species laws.

Description

It is an evergreen coniferous shrub or small tree growing to 6 m (rarely 10 m) tall, with a trunk up to 38 cm diameter. The bark is thin, scaly purple-brown, and the branches are irregularly orientated. The shoots are green at first, becoming brown after three or four years. The leaves are thin, flat, slightly falcate (sickle-shaped), 1–2.9 cm long and 1–2 mm broad, with a bluntly acute apex; they are arranged spirally on the shoots but twisted at the base to appear in two horizontal ranks on all except for erect lead shoots. Individuals typically occur in clumps and are multi-stemmed with varying stem densities . It is dioecious, with the male and female cones on separate plants; the seed cone is highly modified, berry-like, with a single scale developing into a soft, juicy red aril 1 cm diameter, containing a single dark brown seed 5–6 mm long and occur singly on few leaf axils. The pollen cones are globose, 4 mm diameter, produced on the undersides of the shoots in early spring.[4][6][7]

It occurs in the same region as the also-rare Torreya taxifolia and is similar to it in general appearance, but can be differentiated by the shorter, blunt-tipped (not spine-tipped) leaves and the less strong smell of the crushed leaves. Distinction from other yew species is more difficult, and like most yews it has sometimes been treated as a subspecies of Taxus baccata, as T. baccata subsp. floridana (Nutt. ex Chapm.) Pilger.[8]

Ecology

Taxus floridana grows slowly, and prefers slightly acidic soil and partial shade on moderate north-facing slopes and is highly fire sensitive as well as shade tolerant. Potential influences on their distribution include variation of soil, aspect, and moisture. There is no indicator species associated with it.[7][9] It is hardy to USDA zone 8. It can be grown from cuttings or seeds. Seed scarification is required for germination and it persists through layering and sprouting. Birds feed on their cones and excavate stems for insects.[7][1]

Uses

The bark contains paclitaxel, a mitotic inhibitor used to combat numerous forms of cancer. The seeds and leaves, however, are poisonous to humans if consumed.[10]

Threats

White-tailed deer rubbing and browsing particularly on small stems, being a source of food for beavers, and occurring in areas subject to logging and development are all potential threats to the few existing populations.[7][1] Threats of habitat degradation and reduced regeneration capabilities are the most prominent issue, which have resulted in no new recruitment in the past few decades, greatly affecting population demographics.[1] There are a couple of populations located on unprotected private lands, which are particularly susceptible.[11]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Spector, T.; Thomas, P.; Determann, R. (2011). "Taxus floridana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011: e.T30965A9584928. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T30965A9584928.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. ^ https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.155628/Taxus_floridana
  3. ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Taxus floridana". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 8 December 2015.
  4. ^ a b Flora of North America: Taxus floridana
  5. ^ Kurz, Herman (1927). "A NEW AND REMARKABLE HABITAT FOR THE ENDEMIC FLORIDA YEW". Torreya. 27: 90–92.
  6. ^ Rushforth, K. (1987). Conifers. Helm ISBN 0-7470-2801-X.
  7. ^ a b c d "Taxus floridana". www.fs.fed.us. Retrieved 2016-11-14.
  8. ^ Farjon, A. (1998). World Checklist and Bibliography of Conifers. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew ISBN 1-900347-54-7.
  9. ^ Kwit, Charles; Schwartz, Mark W.; Platt, William J.; Geaghan, James P. (1998). "The Distribution of Tree Species in Steepheads of the Apalachicola River Bluffs, Florida". The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society. 125 (4): 309–318. doi:10.2307/2997244. JSTOR 2997244.
  10. ^ Little, Elbert L. (1980). The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees: Eastern Region. New York: Knopf. p. 274. ISBN 0-394-50760-6.
  11. ^ "Florida yew | United States Botanic Garden". www.usbg.gov. Retrieved 2016-11-23.
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Taxus floridana: Brief Summary ( İngilizce )

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Taxus floridana, the Florida yew, is a species of yew, endemic to a small area of under 10 km² on the eastern side of the Apalachicola River in mesophytic forests of northern Florida at altitudes of 15–40 m. It is listed as critically endangered. It is protected in reserves at the Torreya State Park and at the Nature Conservancy's Apalachicola Bluffs and Ravines Preserve, and has legal protection under the United States and Florida Endangered Species laws.

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Taxus floridana ( İzlandaca )

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Flórídaýviður (fræðiheiti: Taxus floridana)[2] er tegund af ýviði, takmarkaður við lítið svæði, undir 10 km², austan við Apalachicola River í Norður-Flórída í 15–40 m hæð yfir sjávarmáli. Hann er skráður í í mikilli útrýmingarhættu.[3][4][5] Hann er verndaður á náttúruverndarsvæði í Torreya State Park og í "Nature Conservancy's Apalachicola Bluffs and Ravines Preserve", og nýtur að auki verndar samkvæmt alríkislögum og fylkislögum (Flórídafylki).

Lýsing

Þetta er sígrænn runni eða tré, allt að 6 m hár (einstaka sinnum 10 m), með stofn sem verður að 38 cm í þvermál. Börkurinn er þunnur, hreistraður og fjólubrúnn. Sprotarnir eru fyrst grænir, en verða brúnir eftir 3 til 4 ár. Barrnálarnir eru þunnar, flatar, íbognar, 1–2,9 cm langar og 1-2 mm breiðar, gormstæðar á hverjum sprota fyrir sig, en svo sveigt svo þær virðast vera í tveimur röðum á öllum sprotum nema toppsprotum. Plönturnar eru yfirleitt í hópum og eru yfirleitt margstofna með misgildum stofnum. Plönturnar eru einkynja (annaðhvort karl- eða kven- plöntur), kvenplönturnar koma með staka, mjúka, rauða berköngla, 1 cm í þvermál, með eitt brúnt fræ, 5–6 mm langt. Karlkönglarnir eru hnattlaga, 4 mm í þvermál, og vaxa neðan á sprotunum snemma vors.[4][6][7]

Flórídaýviður kemur fyrir á sama svæði og hin enn sjaldgæfari Torreya taxifolia, og er almennt svipaður í útliti, en þekkist á styttra, snubbóttu (ekki yddu) barri og daufari lykt af mörðum nálunum. Greining frá öðrum ýviðartegundum er erfiðari, og eins og flestir ýviðir hefur hann verið greindur sem undirtegund af Taxus baccata, sem T. baccata subsp. floridana (Nutt. ex Chapm.) Pilger.[8]

Vistfræði

Taxus floridana vex hægt, kýs ísúran jarðveg og hálfskugga í norðurhlíðum og er mjög viðkvæmur fyrir eldi. Mögulegir áhrifavaldar á útbreiðslu tegundarinnar eru jarðvegsraki, staða mót sól, jarðvegssamsetning og efnainnihald í jarðvegi. Engin einkennistegund (sem gæti sýnt hvað er takmarkandi) er tengd við hann.[7][9] Hann er harðger að "Hardiness zone USDA" 8. Hægt er að rækta hann af fræi eða græðlingum. Fræið þarf helst að rispast til að spíra.[7][10]

Ógnir

Dádýr (Odocoileus virginianus) nudda sér við stofna og greinar og bíta sérstaklega smágreinar, bjórar naga hann, og einnig stendur áframhaldandi tilveru hans ógn af því að hann vex nálægt skógarhöggssvæðum, byggingum og ræktarlandi.[7][10] Einkum eru það nokkrir lundir á óvernduðum einkalöndum, sem eru sérstaklega viðkvæmir.[11]

Nytjar

Börkurinn inniheldur paklítaxel, sem er "mitotic inhibitor" (efni sem hindrar frumuskiptingu) og er notað gegn ýmsum gerðum krabbameins. Fræ og blöð eru eitruð mönnum og dýrum.


Tilvísanir

  1. Spector, T.; Thomas, P. & Determann, R. (2011). Taxus floridana. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2011: e.T30965A9584928. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T30965A9584928.en. Sótt 10. nóvember 2017.
  2. Snið:PLANTS
  3. {{{assessors}}} (2007). Taxus floridana. 2007 Rauði listi IUCN. IUCN 2007. Sótt 18 November 2007.
  4. 4,0 4,1 Flora of North America: Taxus floridana
  5. Kurz, Herman (1927). „A NEW AND REMARKABLE HABITAT FOR THE ENDEMIC FLORIDA YEW“. Torreya. 27: 90–92.
  6. Rushforth, K. (1987). Conifers. Helm ISBN 0-7470-2801-X .
  7. 7,0 7,1 7,2 7,3 „Taxus floridana“. www.fs.fed.us. Sótt 14. nóvember 2016.
  8. Farjon, A. (1998). World Checklist and Bibliography of Conifers. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew ISBN 1-900347-54-7 .
  9. „The Distribution of Tree Species in Steepheads of the Apalachicola River Bluffs, Florida“. The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society. doi:10.2307/2997244.
  10. 10,0 10,1 „Taxus floridana (Florida Yew)“. www.iucnredlist.org. Sótt 14. nóvember 2016.
  11. „Florida yew | United States Botanic Garden“. www.usbg.gov. Sótt 23. nóvember 2016.
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Taxus floridana: Brief Summary ( İzlandaca )

wikipedia IS tarafından sağlandı

Flórídaýviður (fræðiheiti: Taxus floridana) er tegund af ýviði, takmarkaður við lítið svæði, undir 10 km², austan við Apalachicola River í Norður-Flórída í 15–40 m hæð yfir sjávarmáli. Hann er skráður í í mikilli útrýmingarhættu. Hann er verndaður á náttúruverndarsvæði í Torreya State Park og í "Nature Conservancy's Apalachicola Bluffs and Ravines Preserve", og nýtur að auki verndar samkvæmt alríkislögum og fylkislögum (Flórídafylki).

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Floridabarlind ( Norveççe )

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Floridabarlind (Taxus floridana) er et svært sjeldent tre i barlindslekten, som inngår i barlindfamilien. Treet vokser kun i et 24 km² stort område ved elva Appalachicola i nordlige Florida i USA. Treet blir 5–10 meter høyt og opptil 38 cm i stammediameter. Bærene er røde og saftige. Arten vokser i fuktige, skyggefulle løvskoger sammen med amerikabøk, oksemagnolia, amerikakristtorn og kviteik.

Floridabarlind er blant de mest truede treslag i USA. Treet er svært giftig, men inneholder stoffer (taksol) som prøves ut i bekjempelse av visse typer kreft.

Litteratur

Eksterne lenker

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Floridabarlind: Brief Summary ( Norveççe )

wikipedia NO tarafından sağlandı

Floridabarlind (Taxus floridana) er et svært sjeldent tre i barlindslekten, som inngår i barlindfamilien. Treet vokser kun i et 24 km² stort område ved elva Appalachicola i nordlige Florida i USA. Treet blir 5–10 meter høyt og opptil 38 cm i stammediameter. Bærene er røde og saftige. Arten vokser i fuktige, skyggefulle løvskoger sammen med amerikabøk, oksemagnolia, amerikakristtorn og kviteik.

Floridabarlind er blant de mest truede treslag i USA. Treet er svært giftig, men inneholder stoffer (taksol) som prøves ut i bekjempelse av visse typer kreft.

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Taxus floridana ( Ukraynaca )

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Поширення, екологія

Країни проживання: США (Північна Флорида). Майже повністю обмежений середньою і нижньою частинами схилів протягом кількох ярів уздовж області англ. Apalachicola River Bluffs. Ґрунти, як правило, вологі й кислі. Росте в асоціації з вічнозеленими і листяними породами, включно з другим рідкісним хвойним ендеміком, Torreya taxifolia. Флоридський тис зазвичай тіньовитривалий і дуже чутливий до вогню.

Морфологія

Дводомні чагарники або невеликі дерева 2-5 (-10) м у висоту і 38 см діаметром. Гілки численні, товсті, розлогі, що утворюють неправильну крону. Кора пурпурно-коричнева, спершу гладка, з віком формує тонкі нерегулярні луски. Листки податливі, темно-зелені, 1-2.6 (-2,9) см × 1-2 (-2,2) мм, злегка серповиді, світло-зелені з 2 сірими смугами на нижній стороні. Пилкові шишки утворюються вздовж пагонів, жовті, відокремлені, діаметром 2-3 мм. Шишки, сформовані на нижній стороні пагонів, зелені м'ясисті аріли після дозрівання від оранжевого до червоного кольору, кожен з однією еліпсоїдною насіниною 5-6 мм. Шишка з насінням бл. 2 см завдовжки, діаметром 1 см, дозріває на початку осені.

Загрози та охорона

Вирубка соснових болотних лісів у 19 столітті разом з вибірковими рубками схилових лісів на початку 1900-х років, можливо, призвели до зменшення площі поширення і фрагментації середовища проживання у 19-му і 20-му століттях. Найбільш безпосередньою загрозою є відсутність регенерації. Діяльність білохвостого оленя також є проблемою, оскільки може призводити до загибелі окремих стебел. Оскільки полювання на охоронних територіях заборонене, число оленів в цих областях збільшується під час мисливського сезону (зима), що призводить до збільшення тиску на тис.

Посилання


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Taxus floridana ( Vietnamca )

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Taxus floridana là một loài thực vật hạt trần trong họ Taxaceae. Loài này được Nutt. ex Chapm. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1860.[1]

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Taxus floridana. Truy cập ngày 28 tháng 5 năm 2014.

Liên kết ngoài


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến Bộ Thông này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Taxus floridana: Brief Summary ( Vietnamca )

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Taxus floridana là một loài thực vật hạt trần trong họ Taxaceae. Loài này được Nutt. ex Chapm. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1860.

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Тис флоридский ( Rusça )

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Царство: Растения
Подцарство: Зелёные растения
Отдел: Хвойные
Класс: Хвойные
Порядок: Сосновые
Семейство: Тисовые
Род: Тис
Вид: Тис флоридский
Международное научное название

Taxus floridana
Siebold et Zucc. ex Endl. (1846)

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ITIS 194887NCBI 156270EOL 128496GRIN t:415429IPNI 285874-2TPL kew-2434140

Тис флоридский[источник не указан 567 дней] (лат. Taxus floridana) — редчайший вид тиса.

Растения данного вида обнаружены лишь во Флориде на восточном берегу реки Апалачикола на участках площадью всего около 10 км² на высоте 15-30 м над уровнем моря. Вид находится под критической угрозой исчезновения (охранный статусCR)[1]. Это единственный вид тиса, произрастающий во Флориде[2].

Тис флоридский представляет собой кустарник или дерево высотой около 6 м, реже — до 10 м. Диаметр ствола — 35-40 см, кора тонкая, чешуйчатая, коричневая, хвоя длиной до 2 см, толщиной 1-2 мм, семена имеют форму эллипса, длиной 5-6 мм, шишки похожи на ягоды[3]. Долгое время тис флоридский считался подвидом тиса канадского[4], но растёт медленнее и имеет меньшие размеры[5]. Тис флоридский, как и остальные тисы, ядовит, кора содержит паклитаксел, используемый в медицинских препаратах. Растения предпочитают кислые почвы и полутень.

Примечания


Дубовый лист Это заготовка статьи по ботанике. Вы можете помочь проекту, дополнив её. Флорида Это заготовка статьи о Флориде. Вы можете помочь проекту, дополнив её.  title=
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Тис флоридский: Brief Summary ( Rusça )

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Тис флоридский[источник не указан 567 дней] (лат. Taxus floridana) — редчайший вид тиса.

Растения данного вида обнаружены лишь во Флориде на восточном берегу реки Апалачикола на участках площадью всего около 10 км² на высоте 15-30 м над уровнем моря. Вид находится под критической угрозой исчезновения (охранный статус — CR). Это единственный вид тиса, произрастающий во Флориде.

Тис флоридский представляет собой кустарник или дерево высотой около 6 м, реже — до 10 м. Диаметр ствола — 35-40 см, кора тонкая, чешуйчатая, коричневая, хвоя длиной до 2 см, толщиной 1-2 мм, семена имеют форму эллипса, длиной 5-6 мм, шишки похожи на ягоды. Долгое время тис флоридский считался подвидом тиса канадского, но растёт медленнее и имеет меньшие размеры. Тис флоридский, как и остальные тисы, ядовит, кора содержит паклитаксел, используемый в медицинских препаратах. Растения предпочитают кислые почвы и полутень.

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