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Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

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Maximum longevity: 13.4 years (captivity) Observations: Although there are unverified reports of animals living up to 15 years (David Macdonald 1985), the record longevity in captivity is 13.4 years (Richard Weigl 2005). Considering the longevity of similar species, however, maximum longevity may be underestimated.
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Benefits ( İngilizce )

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There is no known adverse affect on humans.

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Cooper, A. 2000. "Cheirogaleus major" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cheirogaleus_major.html
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Arthur Cooper, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web

Conservation Status ( İngilizce )

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Greater dwarf lemurs are under a low degree of threat. The total population is estimated to be over 100,000 animals (Mittermeier et al., 1992). Densities range from 75 to 110 animals/sq km (Nowak, 1999). In an IUCN evaluation of the lemurs of Madagascar completed in 1992, greater dwarf lemurs were not listed as a High Priority or Priority species. This species can be found in many of the parks in Madagascar (Mittermeier et al., 1992).

US Federal List: no special status

CITES: appendix i

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern

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Cooper, A. 2000. "Cheirogaleus major" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cheirogaleus_major.html
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Arthur Cooper, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web

Behavior ( İngilizce )

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These lemurs are not reported to be highly vocal, but do emit some calls. Tactile communication is of importance between rivals and mates, as well as between offspring and their mother. Such communication may include grooming, playing, and aggression. Urine is used for scent marking, indicating that some chemical communication is used. Although not specifically reported for this species, visual communication, through body postures, etc, is usually used by primates.

Communication Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical

Other Communication Modes: scent marks

Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical

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Cooper, A. 2000. "Cheirogaleus major" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cheirogaleus_major.html
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Arthur Cooper, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web

Benefits ( İngilizce )

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There is no known positive benefit to human economies. However, it has been reported that local people sometimes keep these lemurs as pets. They are quite affectionate once habituated, and come when called.

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Cooper, A. 2000. "Cheirogaleus major" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cheirogaleus_major.html
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Arthur Cooper, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web

Associations ( İngilizce )

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These creatures are inadequately studied, so little is known about thier role in the ecosystem. However, it is likely that they have some impact on insect populations through predation. They may help to disperse seeds from the fruits they eat, and they may help to polinate plants when the forage for nectar. To the extent that these animals are preyed upon by others, they may have some impact on predator populations.

Ecosystem Impact: disperses seeds; pollinates

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Cooper, A. 2000. "Cheirogaleus major" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cheirogaleus_major.html
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Arthur Cooper, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web

Trophic Strategy ( İngilizce )

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Greater dwarf lemurs are omnivorous. They usually feed on fruits, flowers, and nectar (Nowak, 1999). The diet sometimes also includes insects and small vertebrates (Grzimek, 1988). Greater dwarf lemurs may also eat honey (Cockram, 1962).

Animal Foods: birds; mammals; amphibians; eggs; insects

Plant Foods: fruit; nectar; flowers

Primary Diet: omnivore

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Cooper, A. 2000. "Cheirogaleus major" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cheirogaleus_major.html
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Arthur Cooper, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web

Distribution ( İngilizce )

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Greater dwarf lemurs are found in the eastern and northern parts of Madagascar. They might also inhabit a section of west-central Madagascar. (Nowak, 1999)

Biogeographic Regions: ethiopian (Native )

Other Geographic Terms: island endemic

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Cooper, A. 2000. "Cheirogaleus major" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cheirogaleus_major.html
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Arthur Cooper, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web

Habitat ( İngilizce )

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Greater dwarf lemurs are arboreal (Cockram, 1962). They inhabit forests and can also be found in dry scrub areas (Grzimek, 1988; Hill, 1953).

Habitat Regions: tropical ; terrestrial

Terrestrial Biomes: forest ; rainforest ; scrub forest

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Cooper, A. 2000. "Cheirogaleus major" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cheirogaleus_major.html
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Arthur Cooper, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web

Life Expectancy ( İngilizce )

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A closely related animal, Cheirogaleus medius is reported to have lived nearly 20 years in captivity. It is likely that C. major has a similar maximum lifespan.

Average lifespan
Status: captivity:
15.0 years.

Average lifespan
Sex: female
Status: captivity:
10.0 years.

Average lifespan
Status: captivity:
15.0 years.

Average lifespan
Status: captivity:
8.7 years.

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Cooper, A. 2000. "Cheirogaleus major" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cheirogaleus_major.html
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Arthur Cooper, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web

Morphology ( İngilizce )

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The length of the head and body range from 167 to 264 mm, with a mass between 167 and 600 g. The tail is longer than the body and has a length between 195 and 310 mm (Cockram, 1962; Nowak, 1999). The tail is broad at the base and tapers to the end. They eyes are large and conspicuous eyes, with a reflective tapetum lucidum for night vision (Grzimek, 1988). A black ring of hair surrounds the eyes. The ears are thin and have small, sparse hairs (Hill, 1953). Thick fur covers the rest of the body. The fur varies from gray to reddish brown on the head, back, and tail. The rump of greater dwarf lemurs is white and usually has a yellow tint (Nowak, 1999).

Range mass: 177 to 600 g.

Range length: 167 to 264 mm.

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; heterothermic ; bilateral symmetry

Sexual Dimorphism: sexes alike

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Cooper, A. 2000. "Cheirogaleus major" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cheirogaleus_major.html
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Arthur Cooper, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web

Associations ( İngilizce )

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Specific predators of these animals have not been reported. However, many different tenrecs, fossas, and civets may prey upon these small primates. In addition, nocturnal birds of prey and snakes may also feed upon them.

Anti-predator Adaptations: cryptic

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Cooper, A. 2000. "Cheirogaleus major" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cheirogaleus_major.html
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Arthur Cooper, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web

Reproduction ( İngilizce )

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The mating system of these animals is not known. Cheirogaleus major is reported to be solitary, with males demonstrating intolerance for one another. This suggests that mating is either monogamous or polygynous.

The estrus period of females lasts 2 to 3 days and mating usually occurs in October or November. Gestation period takes 70 days (Nowak, 1999). In December or January, females give birth in a tree cavity that is padded with leaves. Litter sizes of 2 or 3 are common. young are weaned around 45 days of age, and reach sexual maturity by the age of 10 to 14 months.

Breeding interval: It is likely that these animals breed once per year.

Breeding season: Mating usually occurs in October or November.

Range number of offspring: 2 to 3.

Average gestation period: 70 days.

Average weaning age: 45 days.

Average time to independence: 1.5 months.

Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 10 to 14 months.

Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization ; viviparous

Average birth mass: 18.1 g.

Average gestation period: 65 days.

Average number of offspring: 2.2.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male)
Sex: male:
365 days.

Females build nests where they give birth to their offspring. Offspring are fully furred at birth and have open eyes. By 3 to 4 weeks, they begin climbing and can trail after their mother (Grzimek, 1988). The period of nursing is 45 days (Nowak, 1999). A month and a half after birth, the offspring no longer rely on the mother (Grzimek, 1988).

Parental Investment: precocial ; pre-fertilization (Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-independence (Protecting: Female)

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Cooper, A. 2000. "Cheirogaleus major" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cheirogaleus_major.html
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Arthur Cooper, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web

Lèmur nan gros ( Katalanca; Valensiyaca )

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El lèmur nan gros (Cheirogaleus major) és una espècie de primat. Com tots els altres lèmurs, és endèmic de Madagascar. Té una àmplia distribució als boscos primaris i secundaris de la costa oriental de l'illa. No es troba en perill d'extinció.[1]

Té el pelatge gris o marró vermellós, amb cercles foscos al voltant dels ulls. Cap al fi de l'estació plujosa, se li engreixa la cua, on acumula greix per la temporada seca.[2]

Referències

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  1. Ganzhorn, J. & Members of the Primate Specialist Group (2000). Cheirogaleus major. Llista Vermella de la UICN, Unió Internacional per a la Conservació de la Natura, 2006. Consultat el 12-02-2007 (en anglès).
  2. Groves, Colin. Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (editors). Mammal Species of the World (en anglès). 3a ed.. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005, pàg. 112. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. (anglès)


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Lèmur nan gros: Brief Summary ( Katalanca; Valensiyaca )

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El lèmur nan gros (Cheirogaleus major) és una espècie de primat. Com tots els altres lèmurs, és endèmic de Madagascar. Té una àmplia distribució als boscos primaris i secundaris de la costa oriental de l'illa. No es troba en perill d'extinció.

Té el pelatge gris o marró vermellós, amb cercles foscos al voltant dels ulls. Cap al fi de l'estació plujosa, se li engreixa la cua, on acumula greix per la temporada seca.

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Brauner Fettschwanzmaki ( Almanca )

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Der Braune Fettschwanzmaki (Cheirogaleus major), auch Großer Fettschwanz- oder Großer Katzenmaki genannt, ist eine Primatenart aus der Gruppe der Lemuren.

Merkmale

Braune Fettschwanzmakis erreichen eine Kopfrumpflänge von 23 bis 25 Zentimetern und eine Schwanzlänge von 25 bis 28 Zentimetern. Ihr Körpergewicht ist starken saisonalen Schwankungen ausgesetzt und kann zwischen 250 Gramm (Oktober/November) und 600 Gramm (Februar/März) variieren. Sie sind damit die größten Vertreter der Fettschwanzmakis und der Katzenmakis überhaupt. Ihr Fell ist an der Oberseite braun oder rotbraun gefärbt, wobei die Oberseite des Kopfes etwas rötlicher sein kann. Die Unterseite ist hellgrau oder weißlich. Der Kopf ist rundlich, die Schnauze leicht langgestreckt und die Ohren unbehaart. Das Gesicht ist grau gefärbt, die für Fettschwanzmakis typischen schwarzen Ringe um die Augen sind nicht so ausgeprägt wie beim Westlichen Fettschwanzmaki, dafür ist die Nase ist größer und länger als bei diesem.

Verbreitung und Lebensraum

Braune Fettschwanzmakis kommen wie alle Lemuren nur auf Madagaskar vor, wo sie die Regenwälder an der Ostküste bewohnen. Aufgrund der Beschreibung mehrerer neuer Arten von Fettschwanzmakis in den letzten Jahren sind die genauen Ausmaße ihres Verbreitungsgebietes nicht bekannt, die Art dürfte aber im östlichen Madagaskar weit verbreitet sein. Sie bewohnen bevorzugt tiefer gelegene Gebiete, sind aber bis in 1800 Meter Seehöhe zu finden. Die Populationsgrößen werden auf 75 bis 100 Individuen/km² geschätzt.

Lebensweise und Ernährung

Diese Primaten sind nachtaktiv. Tagsüber schlafen sie in Baumhöhlen oder im Pflanzendickicht, in der Nacht gehen sie auf Nahrungssuche. Dabei halten sie sich meist in den Bäumen auf, wo sie sich vorwiegend auf allen vieren fortbewegen – manchmal kommen sie bei der Nahrungssuche auch auf den Boden. Ausgewachsene Weibchen haben ein Revier von ungefähr vier Hektar, diese Reviere werden auch von Männchen und Jungtieren bewohnt. Sie leben in kleinen Gruppen. Tagsüber schlafen sie oft in kleinen Gruppen, die nächtlichen Streifzüge unternehmen sie entweder allein oder in kleinen Gruppen mit zwei bis drei Tieren.

Wie alle Fettschwanzmakis halten sie während der Trockenzeit einen Winterschlaf, der im April beginnt und im September endet. Vorher legen sie in ihrem Schwanz einen Fettvorrat an, wodurch dieser bis zu 30 % des Körpergewichts ausmachen kann.

Die Nahrung der Braunen Fettschwanzmakis besteht vorwiegend aus Nektar und reifen Früchten und wird ergänzt durch junge Blätter und Knospen. Gelegentlich nehmen sie Pollen zu sich, wobei sie eine wichtige Rolle bei der Bestäubung von Pflanzen wie der Liane Strongylodon craveniae spielen. Schließlich machen auch Insekten einen kleinen Teil ihrer Nahrung aus.

Fortpflanzung

Die Paarung erfolgt im Oktober oder November direkt nach dem Winterschlaf. Dabei kommt es zur Bildung größerer Gruppen von bis zu 14 Tieren, die sehr laut und aufgeregt sind – möglicherweise Männchen in der Auseinandersetzung um das Paarungsvorrecht. Nach einer rund 70-tägigen Tragzeit bringt das Weibchen zwei oder drei Jungtiere zur Welt. Dafür legt es ein Nest aus Blättern und Zweigen an, in denen die Jungen ihre ersten Lebenswochen verbringen. Nach einem Monat können sie ihrer Mutter folgen und nehmen erstmals weiche Nahrung zu sich, endgültig entwöhnt werden sie mit rund sechs Wochen.

Gefährdung

Regional wird der Braune Fettschwanzmaki durch die Zerstörung seines Lebensraums dezimiert, insgesamt ist die Art aber häufig und weit verbreitet und zählt laut IUCN nicht zu den bedrohten Arten.

Einziger europäischer Halter ist Zürich, jedoch besteht dort kaum eine Chance auf Sichtung. In Deutschland wurde die Art noch nie gehalten.[1]

Literatur

Belege

  1. [1] ZTL 17.6

Weblinks

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Brauner Fettschwanzmaki: Brief Summary ( Almanca )

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Der Braune Fettschwanzmaki (Cheirogaleus major), auch Großer Fettschwanz- oder Großer Katzenmaki genannt, ist eine Primatenart aus der Gruppe der Lemuren.

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Μείζων λεμούριος νάνος ( Yunanca, Modern (1453-) )

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Ο μείζων λεμούριος νάνος (Cheirogaleus major - Χειρογαλέος ο μείζων) ή λεμούριος νάνος του Ζοφρουά, είναι λεμούριος ευρέως κατανεμημένος στα κύρια και δευτερεύοντα δάση κοντά στην ανατολική ακτή της Μαδαγασκάρης. Η γούνα του είναι γκρι ή κοκκινωπή καφέ, και υπάρχουν σκούροι κύκλοι γύρω από τα μάτια του. Στο τέλος της υγρής περιόδου η ουρά του μεγαλώνει κάπως από την αποθήκευση λίπους.

Αποτελεί λεία της μαγκούστας Galidia elegans και του αρπακτικού Buteo brachypterus,[3] ενώ πιστεύεται ότι πιθανώς θηρεύεται και από την φόσα (Cryptoprocta ferox), καθώς η τελευταία είναι γνωστό ότι θηρεύει άλλους λεμούριους.[4]

Ταξινομία

Μεταξύ 2000 και 2009, οι πληθυσμοί των λεμούριων νάνων γύρω από τις περιοχές Tamatave, Tampira, Mahambo, Ancaya, Ambodivoangy, και Fesi Malendo θεωρούνταν ξεχωριστό είδος, το Cheirogaleus ravus (μείζων σιδηρογκρί λεμούριος νάνος). Είχε περιγραφεί ως έχων τρίχωμα σιδηρο-γκρί με καφετί αποχρώσεις, αμυδρή ραχιαία λωρίδα, λευκά πόδια, ουρά με λευκή άκρη, και σκούρα αυτιά τα οποία ήταν είτε γυμνά είτε με αραιό τρίχωμα. Ωστόσο το 2009, ο Groeneveld et al απέδειξαν γενετικώς ότι ο Cheirogaleus ravus ήταν συνώνυμο του Cheirogaleus major, και έτσι ο μείζων σιδηρογκρί λεμούριος νάνος δεν αναγνωρίζεται πλέον ως ξεχωριστό είδος.[5][6]

Δείτε επίσης

Παραπομπές

  1. Groves, C. (2005). Wilson, D. E., & Reeder, D. M, eds, επιμ. Mammal Species of the World (3η έκδοση). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. σελ. 112. OCLC 62265494. ISBN 0-801-88221-4.CS1 maint: Πολλαπλές ονομασίες: editors list (link) CS1 maint: Extra text: editors list (link)
  2. Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P. (2008). Cheirogaleus major. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2008. Ανακτήθηκε 1 January 2009.
  3. Goodman, S. M., O'Conner, S., Langrand, O. (1993). «A review of predation on lemurs: Implications for the evolution of social behavior in small, nocturnal primates». Lemur Social Systems and their Ecological Basis: 51–66.
  4. Wright, P. C., et al. (1997). «Predation on Milne Edwards Sifaka (Propithecus diadema edwardsi) by the Fossa (Cryptoprocta ferox) in the rainforest of southeastern Madagascar». Folia Primatologica 68 (1): 34–43. doi:10.1159/000157230.
  5. Mittermeier, R.A.; Louis, E.E.; Richardson, M.; Schwitzer, C.; Langrand, O.; Rylands, A.B.; Hawkins, F.; Rajaobelina, S.; Ratsimbazafy, J.; Rasoloarison, R.; Roos, C.; Kappeler, P.M.; MacKinnon, J. (2010). Lemurs of Madagascar. Illustrated by S.D. Nash (3η έκδοση). Conservation International. σελ. 183. ISBN 978-1-934151-23-5.
  6. Groeneveld, L.F.; Weisrock, D.W.; Rasoloarison, R.M.; Yoder, A.D.; Kappeler, P.M. (2009). «Species delimitation in lemurs: multiple genetic loci reveal low levels of species diversity in the genus Cheirogaleus» (PDF). BMC Evolutionary Biology 9 (30): 30. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-9-30. PMID 19193227. PMC 2652444. http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2148-9-30.pdf.
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Μείζων λεμούριος νάνος: Brief Summary ( Yunanca, Modern (1453-) )

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Ο μείζων λεμούριος νάνος (Cheirogaleus major - Χειρογαλέος ο μείζων) ή λεμούριος νάνος του Ζοφρουά, είναι λεμούριος ευρέως κατανεμημένος στα κύρια και δευτερεύοντα δάση κοντά στην ανατολική ακτή της Μαδαγασκάρης. Η γούνα του είναι γκρι ή κοκκινωπή καφέ, και υπάρχουν σκούροι κύκλοι γύρω από τα μάτια του. Στο τέλος της υγρής περιόδου η ουρά του μεγαλώνει κάπως από την αποθήκευση λίπους.

Αποτελεί λεία της μαγκούστας Galidia elegans και του αρπακτικού Buteo brachypterus, ενώ πιστεύεται ότι πιθανώς θηρεύεται και από την φόσα (Cryptoprocta ferox), καθώς η τελευταία είναι γνωστό ότι θηρεύει άλλους λεμούριους.

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Greater dwarf lemur ( İngilizce )

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The greater dwarf lemur (Cheirogaleus major), or the Geoffroy's dwarf lemur, is a lemur that is widely distributed over the primary and secondary forests near the eastern coast of Madagascar. They are also found in northern parts of Madagascar. Greater dwarf lemurs live in forests and dry scrub areas. The head and body of the greater dwarf lemur can range from 167 to 264 millimeters in length, and 164 to 600 grams. Their tails can range from 195 to 310 millimeters in length.[4]

Greater dwarf lemurs are nocturnal. During the day, they sleep in nests of twigs, leaves, and grass, or hollowed sections of trees padded with dry leaves.[4]

Their diet consists mostly of fruits, flowers, and nectar. Flower nectar is an important part of the diet from November to December. Sometimes they will also eat insects and small vertebrates. During the dry seasons they will store fat in their tail and become dormant.[5]

Its fur is short, dense, grey or reddish brown, and there are dark circles of fur around the eyes. At the end of the wet season the tail will become somewhat swollen with fat.[4]

The greater dwarf lemur is preyed upon by the ring-tailed mongoose (Galidia elegans) during the dormant season. Other predators the Malagasy tree boa (Boa manditra), the Madagascar buzzard (Buteo brachypterus),[6] and it is thought probably by the Fossa (Cryptoprocta ferox) as well, since the latter preys on other lemurs.[7]

Locomotion

The greater dwarf lemur is an arboreal quadruped, it moves along the horizontal branches with a regular gait pattern involving all four limbs. They are not agile leapers.[5]

Mating

Mating occurs in October with births from November to February. Mothers build nests to give birth to their offspring that average in height from six to twelve meters. They generally give birth to twins. Mothers carry infants in their mouths.[8]

Vocalization

Greater dwarf lemurs are not very vocal. They make soft calls to locate others.[5]

Taxonomy

ChirogaleusMiliiSmit.jpg

Between 2000 and 2009, populations of dwarf lemur around Tamatave, Tampira, Mahambo, Ancaya, Ambodivoangy, and Fesi Malendo were known as a separate species, the greater iron-gray dwarf lemur (Cheirogaleus ravus). It was described as having a pelage coloration that is iron-gray with brownish tones, a vague dorsal stripe, white feet, a tail with a white tip, and dark ears that are either naked or sparsely covered with hair. However, in 2009, Groeneveld et al. demonstrated genetically that Cheirogaleus ravus was a synonym of Cheirogaleus major, so the greater iron-gray dwarf lemur is no longer recognized as a species.[9][10]

References

Wikispecies has information related to Greater dwarf lemur.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cheirogaleus major.
  1. ^ a b Blanco, M.; Borgerson, C.; Dolch, R.; Donati, G.; Ganzhorn, J.; Greene, L.K.; Le Pors, B.; Lewis, R.; Louis, E.E.; Rafalinirina, H.A.; Raharivololona, B.; Rakotoarisoa, G.; Ralison, J.; Randriahaingo, H.N.T.; Rasoloarison, R.M.; Razafindrasolo, M.; Sgarlata, G.M.; Wright, P.; Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Cheirogaleus major". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T54778911A115588708. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T54778911A115588708.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ Harcourt, C. (1990). Thornback, J (ed.). Lemurs of Madagascar and the Comoros: The IUCN Red Data Book (PDF). World Conservation Union. ISBN 978-2-88032-957-0. OCLC 28425691.
  3. ^ Groves, C. P. (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 112. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  4. ^ a b c Cooper, A. 2000. "Cheirogaleus major" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed July 25, 2012 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cheirogaleus_major.html
  5. ^ a b c "Greater Dwarf Lemur (Cheirogaleus major)". Retrieved 26 July 2012.
  6. ^ Goodman, S. M.; O'Conner, S.; Langrand, O. (1993). "A review of predation on lemurs: Implications for the evolution of social behavior in small, nocturnal primates". Lemur Social Systems and Their Ecological Basis: 51–66. doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-2412-4_5. ISBN 978-1-4899-2414-8.
  7. ^ Wright, P. C.; et al. (1997). "Predation on Milne Edwards Sifaka (Propithecus diadema edwardsi) by the Fossa (Cryptoprocta ferox) in the rainforest of southeastern Madagascar". Folia Primatologica. 68 (1): 34–43. doi:10.1159/000157230. PMID 9170643.
  8. ^ "AnAge entry for Cheirogaleus major". Retrieved 25 July 2012.
  9. ^ Mittermeier, R.A.; Louis, E.E.; Richardson, M.; Schwitzer, C.; et al. (2010). Lemurs of Madagascar. Illustrated by S.D. Nash (3rd ed.). Conservation International. p. 183. ISBN 978-1-934151-23-5. OCLC 670545286.
  10. ^ Groeneveld, L.F.; Weisrock, D.W.; Rasoloarison, R.M.; Yoder, A.D.; Kappeler, P.M. (2009). "Species delimitation in lemurs: multiple genetic loci reveal low levels of species diversity in the genus Cheirogaleus". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 9 (30): 30. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-9-30. PMC 2652444. PMID 19193227.
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Greater dwarf lemur: Brief Summary ( İngilizce )

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The greater dwarf lemur (Cheirogaleus major), or the Geoffroy's dwarf lemur, is a lemur that is widely distributed over the primary and secondary forests near the eastern coast of Madagascar. They are also found in northern parts of Madagascar. Greater dwarf lemurs live in forests and dry scrub areas. The head and body of the greater dwarf lemur can range from 167 to 264 millimeters in length, and 164 to 600 grams. Their tails can range from 195 to 310 millimeters in length.

Greater dwarf lemurs are nocturnal. During the day, they sleep in nests of twigs, leaves, and grass, or hollowed sections of trees padded with dry leaves.

Their diet consists mostly of fruits, flowers, and nectar. Flower nectar is an important part of the diet from November to December. Sometimes they will also eat insects and small vertebrates. During the dry seasons they will store fat in their tail and become dormant.

Its fur is short, dense, grey or reddish brown, and there are dark circles of fur around the eyes. At the end of the wet season the tail will become somewhat swollen with fat.

The greater dwarf lemur is preyed upon by the ring-tailed mongoose (Galidia elegans) during the dormant season. Other predators the Malagasy tree boa (Boa manditra), the Madagascar buzzard (Buteo brachypterus), and it is thought probably by the Fossa (Cryptoprocta ferox) as well, since the latter preys on other lemurs.

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Cheirogaleus major ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

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El lemur enano mayor (Cheirogaleus major) es una especie de lémur, como todas, endémica de Madagascar. Se encuentra ampliamente distribuida en los bosques primarios y secundarios de la costa este de la isla. No se encuentra en peligro de extinción.[2]

Su pelaje es gris, o marrón rojizo, con círculos oscuros alrededor de sus ojos. Hacia el fin de la temporada húmeda su cola engorda, pues acumula grasas para la temporada seca.[1]

Es predado por la mangosta de cola anillada (Galidia elegans) y por el ave de presa busardo de Madagascar (Buteo brachypterus),[3]​ y se piensa que también por el Fosa (Cryptoprocta ferox), pues preda otras especies de lémures.[4]

Referencias

  1. a b Groves, Colin (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M., eds. Mammal Species of the World (3ª edición). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 112. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
  2. a b Andrainarivo, C. et al. (2008). «Cheirogaleus major». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2012.2 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 18 de enero de 2013.
  3. Goodman, S. M., O'Conner, S., Langrand, O. (1993). «A review of predation on lemurs: Implications for the evolution of social behavior in small, nocturnal primates». Lemur Social Systems and their Ecological Basis: 51-66.
  4. Wright, P. C., et al (1997). «Predation on Milne Edwards Sifaka (Propithecus diadema edwardsi) by the Fossa (Cryptoprocta ferox) in the rainforest of southeastern Madagascar». Folia Primatologica 68 (1): 34-43.

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Cheirogaleus major: Brief Summary ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

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El lemur enano mayor (Cheirogaleus major) es una especie de lémur, como todas, endémica de Madagascar. Se encuentra ampliamente distribuida en los bosques primarios y secundarios de la costa este de la isla. No se encuentra en peligro de extinción.​

Su pelaje es gris, o marrón rojizo, con círculos oscuros alrededor de sus ojos. Hacia el fin de la temporada húmeda su cola engorda, pues acumula grasas para la temporada seca.​

Es predado por la mangosta de cola anillada (Galidia elegans) y por el ave de presa busardo de Madagascar (Buteo brachypterus),​ y se piensa que también por el Fosa (Cryptoprocta ferox), pues preda otras especies de lémures.​

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Cheirogaleus major ( Baskça )

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Cheirogaleus medius edo lemur-ipotx handia Madagaskarren bizi den Cheirogaleus generoko primate espezieetako bat da. Bere isatsan gantzak metatzeko gaitasuna du, eta hori egiten du urtaro lehorra igarotzeko. Irlaren ekialdean bizi da, baso primario eta sekundarioetan.

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Cheirogaleus major: Brief Summary ( Baskça )

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Cheirogaleus major ( Fransızca )

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Grand Chirogale

Le Grand Chirogale (Cheirogaleus major) est une espèce de primates lémuriformes appartenant à la famille des Cheirogaleidae .

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Cheirogaleus major ( İtalyanca )

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Il chirogaleo bruno o chirogaleo maggiore (Cheirogaleus major É. Geoffroy, 1812) è un lemure della famiglia Cheirogaleidae, endemico del Madagascar.[2]

Descrizione

Misura circa 25 cm di lunghezza, più almeno altrettanti di coda (che di norma è più lunga del corpo di almeno 3 cm); il peso può raggiungere il mezzo kg nei periodi di abbondanza di cibo, quando cominciano a formarsi rudimentali depositi adiposi alla base della coda.

Il corpo è nerastro con sfumature arancio carico: il petto, la gola e pa parte inferiore del muso sono bianchi. Possiede dei cerchi neri attorno agli occhi; nere sono anche le orecchie.

Biologia

Predilige le zone forestali e boschive, ma lo si può incontrare anche in aree cespugliose secche.

Questi animali sono notturni e solitari: in particolare i maschi sono intolleranti gli uni con gli altri e questo fa pensare ad abitudini riproduttive monogame o con formazione di harem. Di giorno i chirogalei bruni riposano in cavità arboree (a volte in compagnia di altre specie di lemuri, ma mai di conspecifici).

Vivendo in aree soggette a siccità, nei periodi particolarmente secchi questo animale va incontro ad estivazione: si rifugia in cunicoli fra le radici e qui vanno in uno stato di torpore che può durare fino a un mese e durante il quale l'animale consuma il grasso che accumula alla base della coda, potendo perdere fino a 100 g di peso.

Riproduzione

Sulla riproduzione di questi animali in natura si sa davvero molto poco: un picco di nascite si misura nei mesi di ottobre e novembre, ma si possono trovare femmine con cuccioli durante tutto l'arco dell'anno.

La gestazione dura circa due mesi e mezzo, dopodiché la femmina costruisce un nido di foglie in una cavità di un tronco d'albero e qui partorisce i cuccioli, solitamente in numero di due o tre. I cuccioli cominciano a seguire la madre nei suoi spostamenti attorno al mese di vita, a un mese e mezzo sono svezzati ed indipendenti. La maturità sessuale viene raggiunta attorno all'anno di vita.

La aspettativa di vita di questi animali è sconosciuta, ma si pensa che possano vivere fino a 18-20 anni.

Distribuzione

È piuttosto comune nella zona costiera nord-orientale del Madagascar, mentre pare sia raro od assente da quella centro-occidentale.[1]

Stato di conservazione

La IUCN considera questa specie a basso rischio di estinzione.[1]

Parte del suo areale ricade all'interno delle aree protette del Parco nazionale di Ranomafana, del Parco nazionale di Andohahela, del Parco nazionale della Montagna d'Ambra e del Parco nazionale di Masoala.

Note

  1. ^ a b c (EN) Andrainarivo C. et al. 2008, Cheirogaleus major, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
  2. ^ (EN) Colin Groves, Cheirogaleus major, in D.E. Wilson e D.M. Reeder (a cura di), Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3ª ed., Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005, p.112, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.

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Cheirogaleus major: Brief Summary ( İtalyanca )

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Il chirogaleo bruno o chirogaleo maggiore (Cheirogaleus major É. Geoffroy, 1812) è un lemure della famiglia Cheirogaleidae, endemico del Madagascar.

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Grote katmaki ( Felemenkçe; Flemish )

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De grote katmaki (Cheirogaleus major) is een nachtactieve halfaap uit de familie van de dwergmaki's (Cheirogaleidae). De soort is endemisch op Madagaskar.

Taxonomie

De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire in 1812. Het dier werd in dezelfde periode ontdekt als de kleinere vetstaartkatmaki. Derhalve kreeg de grote katmaki de soortnaam Cheirogaleus major en de vetstaartkatmaki Cheirogaleus medius. Pas rond het begin van de 21e eeuw werd duidelijk dat er onjuistheden bestonden in de classificatie van eerder bestudeerde katmaki's. De dieren die eerder als Cheirogaleus ravus (Groves, 2000) benoemd waren, horen volgens Groeneveld et al. (2009) bij de soort Cheirogaleus major.[2]

Beschrijving

De grote katmaki is de grootste soort van het geslacht Cheirogaleus. Een volwassen grote katmaki weegt 250 tot 600 gram, afhankelijk van het seizoen. De gemiddelde kop-romplengte is 23 tot 25 centimeter en de gemiddelde staartlengte 25 tot 28 centimeter. De totale lengte is dus 50 tot 55 centimeter. Het dier heeft meestal een horizontaal postuur.

 src=
Schedel van de grote katmaki

De vacht is kort en dichtbehaard. De onderste delen van de grote katmaki zijn gebroken wit, de bovenste delen en staart roodbruin tot bruin. De kop is meestal nog wat roder. Het gezicht is wat lichter. De snuit is donkerder, vrij groot en vlezig en de ogen zijn zwart omringd. De oren zijn donker en naakt of zeer spaarzaam behaard.

De schedel lijkt sterk op die van C. crossleyi, maar is groter en minder afgeplat. De kiezen zijn zeer groot.[3]

Leefwijze

De grote katmaki slaapt overdag in kleine groepen in boomholtes of provisorische nesten. Hij is uitsluitend in de nacht actief en foerageert dan alleen of in kleine groepen. Ze gaan op elke hoogte in het bos op zoek naar voedsel, van de grond tot de boomkruinen. De grote katmaki eet voornamelijk nectar en rijp fruit, maar ook jonge bladeren, knoppen en af en toe insecten. Als hij nectar drinkt, laat hij de bloemen heel, wat vrij uniek is onder lemuren. Waarschijnlijk is de grote katmaki de voornaamste bestuiver voor lianen als de Strongylodon craveniae.

Van oktober tot juli slaat de grote katmaki vet op in zijn staart, die dan tot 30 procent van zijn totaalgewicht kan beslaan. De grote katmaki bereikt zo een gewicht van ongeveer 600 gram. In de periode tussen juli tot september houdt de grote katmaki zijn winterslaap, in deze periode teert hij op zijn reserves en zijn gewicht daalt dan tot ongeveer 250 gram.

Voortplanting

Kort na deze winterslaap is het paarseizoen, van eind oktober tot begin november. Grote groepen komen dan bij elkaar en maken veel lawaai. Waarschijnlijk zijn dit voornamelijk mannetjes die indruk willen maken op de wijfjes en andere mannetjes willen imponeren. Het vrouwtje maakt een nest van bladeren en twijgen op een hoogte tussen de 6 en 12 meter. Na een draagtijd van ongeveer 70 dagen worden twee à drie jongen geboren. Kort na de geboorte worden de jongen in de bek van de moeder gedragen, later houden ze zich vast aan haar rug. Na een maand gaan de jongen zelf op zoek naar voedsel, zoals zacht fruit.

Communicatie

De grote katmaki maakt op het paarseizoen na weinig geluid. Jonge katmaki's maken soms een hoog piepgeluid om contact te maken met de moeder. Volwassen grote katmaki's maken een zeer hoogfrequent fluitgeluid om op grotere afstanden te communiceren. Als het dier gealarmeerd is of bedreigd wordt laat het een hoog en krachtig gromgeluid horen.[4]

 src=
Verspreiding

Verspreiding en leefgebied

De grote katmaki komt voornamelijk voor in het oosten van Madagaskar en heeft een voorkeur voor laaglandbossen. Hij komt ook voor in een groot aantal andere typen bossen, zoals subtropische bossen, gedegradeerde bossen, droge loofbossen en koffie- en lycheeplantages. Door de recente wijzigingen in de taxonomie zijn exacte gebieden onzeker te bepalen. De grote katmaki komt in ieder geval voor van Sambava in het noorden tot het Nationaal park Andohahela in het zuiden. In het westen van Madagaskar komt de grote katmaki voor in de buurt van de rivier Manambolo en in het Bongolava-massief.

In het regenseizoen van november tot april laat de grote katmaki zich vaak zien in de Nationale parken Masoala, Marojejy en Ranomafana.

Bedreiging

De voornaamste natuurlijke vijanden van de grote katmaki zijn de fretkat, de ringstaartmangoest en grote slangen, zoals de madagaskar-hondskopboa. Deze dieren zijn in staat om slapende katmaki's uit hun slaapplaatsen te trekken. De voornaamste bedreiging is vermindering van leefgebied door brandlandbouw.

Toch is de grote katmaki een talrijke soort in Madagaskar, aantallen tussen de 59 en 110 exemplaren zijn geteld per vierkante kilometer. Maar door de recente taxonomische wijzigingen moet nog onderzocht worden hoe de bedreiging precies geklasseerd moet worden. In 2014 is de bedreigingsstatus van de grote katmaki daarom als 'onzeker' opgenomen op de Rode Lijst van de IUCN.[1]

Noten en verwijzingen

  1. a b (en) Grote katmaki op de IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  2. (en) L.F. Groeneveld, D.W. Weisrock, R.M. Rasoloarison, A.D. Yoder, P.M. Kappeler (2009) Species delimitation in lemurs: multiple genetic loci reveal low levels of species diversity in the genus Cheirogaleus. BMC Evolutionary Biology 9: 30
  3. C.P. Groves, 2000. The genus Cheirogaleus: Unrecognized biodiversity in dwarf lemurs. International Journal of Primatology 21(6):943-962.
  4. (en) ThePrimate.com: Greater Dwarf Lemur (Cheirogaleus major)

Overige bronnen

  • (en) Nick Garbutt, Mammals of Madagascar: A Complete Guide (Yale University Press, 2007)
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Grote katmaki: Brief Summary ( Felemenkçe; Flemish )

wikipedia NL tarafından sağlandı

De grote katmaki (Cheirogaleus major) is een nachtactieve halfaap uit de familie van de dwergmaki's (Cheirogaleidae). De soort is endemisch op Madagaskar.

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Cheirogaleus major ( Portekizce )

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Lêmure-anão-grande (Cheirogaleus major) é uma espécie de lêmure da família Cheirogaleidae. Endêmica de Madagascar, pode ser encontrada de Andohahela, no sul, até a região de Sambava, no norte.[1]

Entre 2000 e 2009, as populações nas áreas de Tamatave, Tampira, Mahambo, Ancaya, Ambodivoangy, e Fesi Malendo foram classificadas como uma espécie distinta, Cheirogaleus ravus, com base nas características morfológicas.[4] Entretanto, em 2009, Groeneveld e colaboradores demonstraram geneticamente que C. ravus deve ser considerado com um sinônimo de C. major.[5]

Referências

  1. a b Blanco, M.; Borgerson, C.; Dolch, R.; Donati, G.; Ganzhorn, J.; Greene, L.K.; Le Pors, B.; Lewis, R.; Louis, E.E.; Rafalinirina, H.A.; Raharivololona, B.; Rakotoarisoa, G.; Ralison, J.; Randriahaingo, H.N.T.; Rasoloarison, R.M.; Razafindrasolo, M.; Sgarlata, G.M.; Wright, P.; Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). «Cheirogaleus major». Lista Vermelha de Espécies Ameaçadas. 2020: e.T54778911A115588708. doi:. Consultado em 19 de novembro de 2021
  2. Harcourt, C. (1990). Thornback, J, ed. Lemurs of Madagascar and the Comoros: The IUCN Red Data Book (PDF). [S.l.]: World Conservation Union. ISBN 978-2-88032-957-0. OCLC 28425691
  3. Groves, C.P. (2005). Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. (eds.), ed. Mammal Species of the World 3 ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 112 páginas. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494
  4. GROVES, C.P. (2000). «The genus Cheirogaleus: Unrecognized biodiversity in dwarf lemurs». International Journal of Primatology. 21 (6): 943-962
  5. GROENEVELD, L.F.; WEISROCK, D.W.; RASOLOARISON, R.M.; YODER, A.D.; KAPPELER, P.M. (2009). «Species delimitation in lemurs: multiple genetic loci reveal low levels of species diversity in the genus Cheirogaleus». BMC Evolutionary Biology. 9 (30). doi:10.1186/1471-2148-9-30
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Cheirogaleus major: Brief Summary ( Portekizce )

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Lêmure-anão-grande (Cheirogaleus major) é uma espécie de lêmure da família Cheirogaleidae. Endêmica de Madagascar, pode ser encontrada de Andohahela, no sul, até a região de Sambava, no norte.

Entre 2000 e 2009, as populações nas áreas de Tamatave, Tampira, Mahambo, Ancaya, Ambodivoangy, e Fesi Malendo foram classificadas como uma espécie distinta, Cheirogaleus ravus, com base nas características morfológicas. Entretanto, em 2009, Groeneveld e colaboradores demonstraram geneticamente que C. ravus deve ser considerado com um sinônimo de C. major.

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Större dvärgmaki ( İsveççe )

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Större dvärgmaki (Cheirogaleus major[2][3][4]) är en däggdjursart som beskrevs av É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1812. Cheirogaleus major ingår i släktet Cheirogaleus och familjen muslemurer.[5][6] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.[1] Inga underarter finns listade.[5]

Utseende

Arten når en kroppslängd (huvud och bål) av 17 till 26 cm och en svanslängd av 19 till 31 cm. Vikten varierar mycket mellan årstiderna. Individerna kan vara 170 till 600 g tunga. Den tjocka pälsen har på ovansidan en gråbrun till rödbrun färg och undersidan är ljusare. Kring ögonen förekommer mörka ringar. De små öronen är täckta av några korta hår.[7]

Utbredning och habitat

Denna primat förekommer huvudsakligen på östra Madagaskar och dessutom finns två avskilda populationer på västra Madagaskar. I bergstrakter når arten 1800 meter över havet. Habitatet utgörs av olika slags skogar.[1]

Ekologi

Liksom andra arter av samma släkte är större dvärgmaki aktiv på natten. Den äter främst frukter, blommor och nektar samt några insekter och ibland mindre ryggradsdjur som grodor, småfåglar och små däggdjur. Arten är inte högljudd men den har olika läten.[7] Ungar har ett gnisslande läte när modern kommer till boet. En vissling används troligen som kontakt över längre avstånd eller kanske för att markera reviret. Dvärgmakin grymtar för att varna en fiende.[8]

Flockar av upp till tre vuxna individer och deras ungar vilar tillsammans i trädens håligheter eller i andra gömställen. Större dvärgmaki sparar fett i svansen innan den mellan oktober och november går i ide. Efteråt sker parningen och efter cirka 70 dagar dräktighet föder honan upp till tre ungar.[1]

Före ungarnas födelse bygger honan ett nästa av kvistar och blad. Boet placeras i träd ungefär 6 till 12 meter över marken. De nyfödda lemurerna har redan päls och öppna ögon. Ungarna diar sin mor cirka 45 dagar och 10 till 14 månader efter födelsen blir de könsmogna.[7]

Större dvärgmaki jagas av ormar som Sanzinia madagascariensis samt av ringsvansmangust (Galidia elegans).[8]

Källor

  1. ^ [a b c d] 2008 Cheirogaleus major Från: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 <www.iucnredlist.org>. Läst 2012-10-24.
  2. ^ Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (1992) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing
  3. ^ (2005) , website Cheirogaleus major, Mammal Species of the World
  4. ^ Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole (2000) , Common Names of Mammals of the World
  5. ^ [a b] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (27 april 2011). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/cheirogaleus+major/match/1. Läst 24 september 2012.
  6. ^ ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Orrell T. (custodian), 2011-04-26
  7. ^ [a b c] A. Cooper (27 april 2000). ”Greater dwarf lemur” (på engelska). Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Cheirogaleus_major/. Läst 9 juni 2015.
  8. ^ [a b] Sean Flannery (27 april 2007). ”Greater Dwarf Lemur” (på engelska). Primate Fact Sheets. http://www.theprimata.com/cheirogaleus_major.html. Läst 9 juni 2015.

Externa länkar

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Större dvärgmaki: Brief Summary ( İsveççe )

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Större dvärgmaki (Cheirogaleus major) är en däggdjursart som beskrevs av É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1812. Cheirogaleus major ingår i släktet Cheirogaleus och familjen muslemurer. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig. Inga underarter finns listade.

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Cheirogaleus major ( Ukraynaca )

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Опис

ChirogaleusMiliiSmit.jpg

Голова і тіло може коливатися від 167 до 264 міліметрів у довжину. Хвости може варіюватися від 195 до 310 міліметрів в довжину. Вага тіла схильна до сильних сезонних коливань і може змінюватись від 250 грамів (жовтень / листопад) до 600 грамів (лютий / березень) Хутро коротке, густе, сіре або червонувато-коричневе зверху, верхня частина голови може бути трохи червонувата, є темні кола хутра навколо очей. Низ світло-сірий або білуватий. Голова округла, морда злегка подовжена, вуха малі. В кінці сезону дощів хвіст стає дещо набряклим жиром.

Поширення

Цей вид знаходиться північно-східному і західно-центральному Мадагаскарі. Висотний діапазон: від рівня моря до 1800 м. Житель східної низовини Мадагаскару і гірських лісів, де умови наявності води та їжі не так сезонно серйозні, як в сухих західних листяних лісах.

Екологія

Вид готується до сплячки, зберігаючи надлишок жиру в хвості, який ймовірно складає 30% від загальної маси тіла; Впадає в сплячку в дуплах дерев. Спальні групи до трьох дорослих тварин були виявлені і в дуплах дерев і заростях рослинності. Парування відбувається незабаром після виходу зі сплячки у жовтні та листопаді, самиці народжують двох-трьох дітей у січні після вагітності близько 70 днів. Вони не надто галасливі, подають м'які вигуки, щоб знайти інших. Їх раціон складається в основному з фруктів, квітів і нектару. Квітковий нектар — важлива частина раціону з листопада по грудень. Іноді вони також їдять комах і дрібних хребетних. Під час сухого сезону вони накопичують жир в хвості і стають пасивними. Ch. major є здобиччю Galidia elegans під час спокою сезону, інші хижаки: Boa manditra, Buteo brachypterus, ймовірно, Cryptoprocta ferox.

Загрози та охорона

Цей вид імовірно страждає від локалізованої втрати середовища проживання через підсічно-вогневе землеробство. Повідомляється з восьми національних парків (Andohahela, Andringitra, Mananara-Nord, Marojejy, Masoala, Midongy du Sud, Montagne d' Ambre, Ranomafana), двох заповідників (Betampona, Tsaratanana), трьох спеціальних резервів (Anjanaharibe-Sud, Mangerivola and Pic d’Ivohibe), охоронної зони Мандена.

Джерела


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Cheirogaleus major ( Vietnamca )

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Cheirogaleus major là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Cheirogaleidae, bộ Linh trưởng. Loài này được É. Geoffroy mô tả năm 1812.[2]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ Andriaholinirina, N., Baden, A., Blanco, M., Chikhi, L., Cooke, A., Davies, N., Dolch, R., Donati, G., Ganzhorn, J., Golden, C., Groeneveld, L.F., Hapke, A., Irwin, M., Johnson, S., Kappeler, P., King, T., Lewis, R., Louis, E.E., Markolf, M., Mass, V., Mittermeier, R.A., Nichols, R., Patel, E., Rabarivola, C.J., Raharivololona, B., Rajaobelina, S., Rakotoarisoa, G., Rakotomanga, B., Rakotonanahary, J., Rakotondrainibe, H., Rakotondratsimba, G., Rakotondratsimba, M., Rakotonirina, L., Ralainasolo, F.B., Ralison, J., Ramahaleo, T., Ranaivoarisoa, J.F., Randrianahaleo, S.I., Randrianambinina, B., Randrianarimanana, L., Randrianasolo, H., Randriatahina, G., Rasamimananana, H., Rasolofoharivelo, T., Rasoloharijaona, S., Ratelolahy, F., Ratsimbazafy, J., Ratsimbazafy, N., Razafindraibe, H., Razafindramanana, J., Rowe, N., Salmona, J., Seiler, M., Volampeno, S., Wright, P., Youssouf, J., Zaonarivelo, J. & Zaramody, A. (2014). Cheirogaleus major. Sách Đỏ IUCN các loài bị đe dọa. Phiên bản 2014.1. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế. Truy cập ngày 15 tháng 6 năm 2014.
  2. ^ a ă Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. biên tập (2005). “Cheirogaleus major”. Mammal Species of the World . Baltimore: Nhà in Đại học Johns Hopkins, 2 tập (2.142 trang). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

Tham khảo


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến Bộ Linh trưởng này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Cheirogaleus major: Brief Summary ( Vietnamca )

wikipedia VI tarafından sağlandı

Cheirogaleus major là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Cheirogaleidae, bộ Linh trưởng. Loài này được É. Geoffroy mô tả năm 1812.

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Крысиный лемур ( Rusça )

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Царство: Животные
Подцарство: Эуметазои
Без ранга: Вторичноротые
Подтип: Позвоночные
Инфратип: Челюстноротые
Надкласс: Четвероногие
Подкласс: Звери
Инфракласс: Плацентарные
Надотряд: Euarchontoglires
Грандотряд: Euarchonta
Миротряд: Приматообразные
Отряд: Приматы
Инфраотряд: Лемурообразные
Семейство: Карликовые лемуры
Вид: Крысиный лемур
Международное научное название

Cheirogaleus major É. Geoffroy, 1812

Синонимы
  • Cheirogaleus commersonii Wolf, 1822
  • Cheirogaleus griseus Lesson, 1840
  • Cheirogaleus milii É. Geoffroy, 1828
  • Cheirogaleus typicus A. Smith, 1833
  • Cheirogaleus typus F. Cuvier, 1842
Ареал

изображение

Охранный статус Wikispecies-logo.svg
Систематика
на Викивидах
Commons-logo.svg
Изображения
на Викискладе
ITIS 572858NCBI 47177EOL 128462

Крысиный лемур или крысиный маки[1] (лат. Cheirogaleus major) — вид млекопитающих животных из инфраотряда лемурообразных отряда приматов.

Описание

Длина тела от 167 до 264 мм, вес от 167 до 600 г. Хвост длиной от 195 до 310 мм. Хвост широкий у основания, к концу постепенно сужается. Глаза большие, с тапетумом, приспособлены для ночного видения. Вокруг глаз кольцо из чёрной шерсти. Уши тонкие, покрыты короткой редкой шерстью. На остальном теле шерсть густая, цвет варьируется от серого до красно-коричневого на голове, спине и хвосте. Крестец светло-жёлтого цвета. Продолжительность жизни неизвестна, однако считается, что она близка к продолжительности жизни близкородственного вида, Cheirogaleus medius и составляет около 20 лет.[2]

Распространение

Эндемики Мадагаскара. Встречаются от Андохахелы (англ.) на юге до Самбавы на севере. Доходят до высоты в 1800 метров над уровнем моря.[3]

Образ жизни

Почти всё время проводят на деревьях.[4] На них охотятся кольцехвостый мунго (Galidia elegans), древесный мадагаскарский удав (Boa manditra), мадагаскарский короткокрылый сарыч,[5] а также, возможно, фосса.[6] . Крысиные лемуры — одни из немногих приматов, способных впадать в спячку, для чего они нагуливают дополнительный жир, составляющий до 30 % от общей массы тела. Жир сосредоточен главным образом в основании хвоста. Спячка проходит в дуплах деревьев.[7]

Рацион

Всеядны. В рационе фрукты, цветы, нектар, мёд, а также насекомые и мелкие позвоночные.[8]

Размножение

Роды проходят в период с ноября по февраль. Самки крысиных лемуров сооружают специальные гнёзда для того, чтобы родить потомство. В помёте чаще всего двое детёнышей. Матери переносят их в пасти.[9]

Классификация

В период с 2000 по 2009 годы популяции крысиных лемуров в районе поселений Туамасина, Тампира, Махамбу, Анкайя, Амбудивуанги и Феси Маленду включались в состав вида Cheirogaleus ravus, однако в 2009 году проведённые генетические исследования (Groeneveld et al) показали, что Cheirogaleus ravus является синонимом Cheirogaleus major.[10]

Статус популяции

Этот вид широко распространён, угроз популяции не выявлено, хотя она может страдать от разрушения среды обитания. Международный союз охраны природы присвоил этому виду охранный статус «вызывает наименьшие опасения».[11]

Примечания

  1. Соколов В.Е. Пятиязычный словарь названий животных. Млекопитающие. Латинский-русский-английский-немецкий-французский. — М.: Русский язык, 1984. — С. 82. — 352 с. — 10 000 экз.
  2. Nowak, R. Walker's Mammals of the World. — Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999.
  3. Thalmann, U. Greater Dwarf Lemurs from the Bongolava (Central Western Madagascar) // Lemur News. — 2000. — № 5. — С. 33—35.
  4. Greater Dwarf Lemur (Cheirogaleus major) (неопр.). Проверено 25 июля 2012.
  5. Goodman, S. M., O'Conner, S., Langrand, O. (1993). “A review of predation on lemurs: Implications for the evolution of social behavior in small, nocturnal primates”. Lemur Social Systems and their Ecological Basis: 51—66.
  6. Wright, P. C.; et al. (1997). “Predation on Milne Edwards Sifaka (Propithecus diadema edwardsi) by the Fossa (Cryptoprocta ferox) in the rainforest of southeastern Madagascar”. Folia Primatologica. 68 (1): 34—43. DOI:10.1159/000157230.
  7. Wright, P. C. and Martin, L. B. Predation, pollination and torpor in two nocturnal prosimians: Cheirogaleus major and Microcebus rufus in the rain forest of Madagascar // L. Alterman, G. A. Doyle and M. K. Izard Creatures of the Dark: The Nocturnal Prosimians. — New York, USA: Plenum Press, 1995. — С. 45—60.
  8. Grzimek, B. Grzimek's Encyclopedia of Mammals. — McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, 1988.
  9. AnAge entry for Cheirogaleus major (неопр.). Проверено 25 июля 2012.
  10. Groeneveld, L.F.; et al. (2009). “Species delimitation in lemurs: multiple genetic loci reveal low levels of species diversity in the genus Cheirogaleus” (PDF). BMC Evolutionary Biology. 9 (30): 30. DOI:10.1186/1471-2148-9-30. PMC 2652444. PMID 19193227.
  11. Cheirogaleus major (англ.). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
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Крысиный лемур: Brief Summary ( Rusça )

wikipedia русскую Википедию tarafından sağlandı

Крысиный лемур или крысиный маки (лат. Cheirogaleus major) — вид млекопитающих животных из инфраотряда лемурообразных отряда приматов.

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大鼠狐猴 ( Çince )

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二名法 Cheirogaleus major
É. Geoffroy, 1812

大鼠狐猴(学名: Cheirogaleus major)是一种生活在马达加斯加东海岸的狐猴,属于鼠狐猴属。体毛为灰色或红褐色,眼睛周围有深色的圈。

参考

  1. ^ Andriaholinirina, N.; 等. Cheirogaleus major. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014.1. International Union for Conservation of Nature. 2014 [2014-06-15]. 引文格式1维护:显式使用等标签 (link)
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大鼠狐猴: Brief Summary ( Çince )

wikipedia 中文维基百科 tarafından sağlandı

大鼠狐猴(学名: Cheirogaleus major)是一种生活在马达加斯加东海岸的狐猴,属于鼠狐猴属。体毛为灰色或红褐色,眼睛周围有深色的圈。

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큰난쟁이여우원숭이 ( Korece )

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큰난쟁이여우원숭이(Cheirogaleus major)는 마다가스카르 동부 해안 근처의 1차숲 또는 2차숲에 널리 분포하는 여우원숭이의 일종이다.[2] 털은 회색 또는 적갈색을 띠며, 눈 주위에 다크 서클이 있다. 우기철이 끝나기는 시기에, 저장하고 있는 지방 때문에 꼬리가 부풀어오른다. 줄무늬꼬리몽구스(Galidia elegans)와 마다가스카르말똥가리(Buteo brachypterus)의 먹이가 되거나,[3] 포사 (Cryptoprocta ferox)의 먹이가 되는 것으로 보인다. 마다가스카르말똥가리는 다른 여우원숭이들의 포식자가 되기도 한다.[4]

각주

  1. “Cheirogaleus major”. 《멸종 위기 종의 IUCN 적색 목록. 2014.1판》 (영어). 국제 자연 보전 연맹. 2014. 2014년 6월 15일에 확인함.
  2. Groves, C.P. (2005). Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M., 편집. 《Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference》 (영어) 3판. 존스 홉킨스 대학교 출판사. 112쪽. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  3. Goodman, S. M., O'Conner, S., Langrand, O. (1993). “A review of predation on lemurs: Implications for the evolution of social behavior in small, nocturnal primates”. 《Lemur Social Systems and their Ecological Basis》: 51–66.
  4. Wright, P. C.; 외. (1997). “Predation on Milne Edwards Sifaka (Propithecus diadema edwardsi) by the Fossa (Cryptoprocta ferox) in the rainforest of southeastern Madagascar”. 《Folia Primatologica》 68 (1): 34–43. doi:10.1159/000157230.
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큰난쟁이여우원숭이: Brief Summary ( Korece )

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큰난쟁이여우원숭이(Cheirogaleus major)는 마다가스카르 동부 해안 근처의 1차숲 또는 2차숲에 널리 분포하는 여우원숭이의 일종이다. 털은 회색 또는 적갈색을 띠며, 눈 주위에 다크 서클이 있다. 우기철이 끝나기는 시기에, 저장하고 있는 지방 때문에 꼬리가 부풀어오른다. 줄무늬꼬리몽구스(Galidia elegans)와 마다가스카르말똥가리(Buteo brachypterus)의 먹이가 되거나, 포사 (Cryptoprocta ferox)의 먹이가 되는 것으로 보인다. 마다가스카르말똥가리는 다른 여우원숭이들의 포식자가 되기도 한다.

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