Orman Puhusu

Bubo nipalensis ye una especie de búho de terrible apariencia y gran tamañu. El so principal hábitat constituyir los montes del sur y el sudeste d'Asia. Anque anguaño alcuéntrase dientro del xéneru Bubo, ta pensándose n'asitialo nel xéneru Ketupa col Búho malayu y otres especies arriendes de los últimos analises de ADN.(Olsen et al. 2002).

Ye una de les mayores especies de búhos, algamando un llargor d'hasta 63 cm, con un pesu de 1.5 kg. La so dómina de apareamiento estender d'avientu a marzu.

El Búho de los Montes ye un depredador nocherniegu y pasa el día ocultu ente la xamasca de los árboles. Empieza la so actividá col tapecer y caza pequeños mamíferos, reptiles y páxaros que comparten el so hábitat.

Destaca pol so estrañu berru, asemeyáu a un berru humanu, polo qu'en dellos llugares de Sri Lanka ye conocíu como ulama (Páxaru diablu). Otru nome llocal ye Maha Bakamuna (gran búho cornudu).

Subespecies

• Bubo nipalensis blighi
• Bubo nipalensis nipalensis

Referencies

• BirdLife International (2004). Bubo nipalensis. 2006 Llista Roxa d'Especies Amenazaes IUCN. IUCN 2006. Consultáu'l 11 May 2006. Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern

• Olsen, Jery; Wink, Michael; Sauer-Gürth, Heidi & Trost, Susan (2002): A new Ninox owl from Sumba, Indonesia. Emu 102(3): 223-231. doi 10.1071/MU02006 PDF fulltext

Enllaces esternos

• cryptozoology.com: Devil Bird. Retrieved 2006-DEC-23.
• Wikimedia Commons acueye conteníu multimedia sobre Bubo nipalensis .

Esta páxina forma parte del wikiproyeutu Aves, un esfuerciu collaborativu col fin d'ameyorar y organizar tolos conteníos rellacionaos con esti tema. Visita la páxina d'alderique del proyeutu pa collaborar y facer entrugues o suxerencies.

Bubo nipalensis^[1] a zo ur spesad evned-preizh bras eus ar c'herentiad Strigidae.

Doareoù pennañ

Boued

Bevañ a ra diwar vronneged bihan, evned, pesked ha stlejviled.

Annez hag isspesadoù

Ar spesad a gaver an daou isspesad^[2] anezhañ :

• Bubo nipalensis blighi, e Sri Lanka,
• B. n. nipalensis, eus menezioù Himalaya da greisteiz India ha reter da Viêt Nam.

Liammoù diavaez

• (en) Bubo nipalensis war al lec'hienn BirdLife International.
• (en) Bubo nipalensis war lec'hienn an International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

Notennoù ha daveennoù

El duc del Nepal (Bubo nipalensis) és un ocell de la família dels estrígids (Strigidae) que habita selva humida i bosc de ribera de l'Índia, Birmània, Tailàndia, Cambodja, nord de Laos i nord i centre de Vietnam.

Referències

A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Duc del Nepal

Aderyn a rhywogaeth o adar yw Eryrdylluan y goedwig (sy'n enw benywaidd; enw lluosog: eryrdylluanod y goedwig) a adnabyddir hefyd gyda'i enw gwyddonol Bubo nipalensis; yr enw Saesneg arno yw Forest eagle owl. Mae'n perthyn i deulu'r Tylluanod (Lladin: Strigidae) sydd yn urdd y Strigiformes.^[1]

Talfyrir yr enw Lladin yn aml yn B. nipalensis, sef enw'r rhywogaeth.^[2]

Teulu

Mae'r eryrdylluan y goedwig yn perthyn i deulu'r Tylluanod (Lladin: Strigidae). Dyma rai o aelodau eraill y teulu:

Rhestr Wicidata:

rhywogaeth enw tacson delwedd Cordylluan Glaucidium passerinum Cordylluan Bolifia Glaucidium bolivianum Cordylluan Brasil Glaucidium brasilianum Cordylluan Ciwba Glaucidium siju Cordylluan dorchog Glaucidium brodiei Cordylluan fannog Glaucidium perlatum Cordylluan frongoch Glaucidium tephronotum Cordylluan Hardy Glaucidium hardyi Cordylluan resog Asia Glaucidium cuculoides Cordylluan y goedwig Glaucidium radiatum Cordylluan y Gogledd Glaucidium gnoma Cordylluan yr Andes Glaucidium jardinii

Gweler hefyd

• Rhestr Goch yr IUCN

Cyfeiriadau

Der Nepaluhu (Bubo nipalensis) ist eine der asiatischen Regenwaldarten der Gattung der Uhus. Sein Habitat sind die niederschlagsreichen Waldregionen des Himalaya, Indochinas und Malaysias. Aufgrund seines auffälligen, menschenähnlichen Rufes wird der Nepaluhu in einigen Regionen Sri Lankas auch als "Ulama" oder "Teufelsvogel" bezeichnet.

Er erreicht eine Körpergröße von 51 bis 61 cm und lebt bevorzugt von Nagetieren und kleineren Vögeln. Aufgrund seiner Größe ist er jedoch auch in der Lage, Schakale und größere Hühnervögel zu schlagen.

Ebenso wie der Streifenuhu und der Malaienuhu brütet der Nepaluhu in der Trockenzeit. Ansonsten ist über seine Brutbiologie wenig bekannt.

Literatur

• John A. Burton (Hrsg.); Eulen der Welt – Entwicklung – Körperbau – Lebensweise, Neumann-Neudamm Verlag Melsungen, 1986, ISBN 3-7888-0495-5

Weblinks

• Bubo nipalensis in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN 2018. Eingestellt von: BirdLife International, 2018. Abgerufen am 10. September 2021.
• Videos, Fotos und Tonaufnahmen zu Bubo nipalensis in der Internet Bird Collection

महाकौशिक नेपालमा पाइने एक प्रकारको चराको नाम हो । यसलार्इ अंग्रेजीमा "स्पट-बेलिड इगल आउल" (Spot-bellied Eagle Owl) भनिन्छ ।

यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्

सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू

बाह्य लिङ्कहरू

பெரிய காட்டு ஆந்தையானது தென்கிழக்கு ஆசியா மற்றும் இந்திய துணைகண்டத்தில் காணப்படும் ஒர் இரவாடி இனமாகும்.

பெயர்கள்

தமிழில் :பெரிய காட்டு ஆந்தை

ஆங்கிலப்பெயர் :Forest Eagle Owl

அறிவியல் பெயர் :Bubo nipalensis ^[2]

உடலமைப்பு

63 செ.மீ. - குண்டான தோற்றமும் கரும்பு பழுப்பு நிறமான உடலும் கொண்டது. பழுப்பு நிறப்பட்டைக் கோடுகளும் சிறு திட்டான பழுப்புப் புள்ளிகளும் உள்ள மார்பையும் வயிற்றையும் கொண்டது.

காணப்படும் பகுதிகள் & உணவு

மேற்கு கிழக்குத் தொடர்ச்சி மலைசார்ந்த பசுமைமாறா அடர்காடுகளில் உயர் அடத்தியான கிளைகளில் தூங்கியபடி பொழுதைக்கழிக்கும். இரவில் வெளிப்பட்டு காடை, கௌதாரி, முயல் ஓணான், பாம்பு ஆகியவற்றை வேட்டையாடுவதோடு மலைவாழ் மக்கள் வாழ்விடங்களில் நுழைந்து அவர்கள் வளர்க்கும் கோழி, புறா, பூனை ஆகியவற்றையும் தூக்கிச் செல்லும். காட்டில் இறந்து கிடக்கும் புலி முதலான பெரிய விலங்குகளின் இறைச்சியையும் தின்பதுண்டு. ஆழ்ந்த குரலில் நெடுந்தொலைவு கேட்கும்படியாக ஹீட் ஹீட் எனக் கத்தும்.

இனப்பெருக்கம்

டிசம்பர் முதல் ஜனவரி முடிய வயதான பெரியமரப் பொந்துகளிலும் கழுகு முதலான பறவைகள் கட்டிய பழைய கூட்டிலும் பாறை இடுக்குளிலும் மலைக்குகைகளில் தரையிலும் ஒரு முட்டை மட்டும் இடும். கூட்டை நெருங்குபவர்களைக் கோபத்தோடு தாக்கும்.

^[3]

The spot-bellied eagle-owl (Ketupa nipalensis), also known as the forest eagle-owl is a large bird of prey with a formidable appearance. It is a forest-inhabiting species found in the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia. This species is considered part of a superspecies with the barred eagle-owl (Ketupa sumatrana), which looks quite similar but is allopatric in distribution.

Taxonomy

The spot-bellied eagle-owl, like its close relative, the barred eagle-owl, is one of the species that would have to be moved into Ketupa if that genus is to be retained, according to mtDNA cytochrome b sequence data (Olsen et al. 2002). Unlike the "fish owls" that were also considered to be included in Ketupa, the barred and the spot-bellied species are not closely tied to riparian habitats and piscivorous eating habits.^[2] However, all eagle-owls and fish owls (as well as the snowy owl (Bubo scandianus)) have been deemed insufficiently distinct to warrant separate genera and current authors generally treat all within the genus Bubo.^[2][3] Due to its forest-dwelling habits and some superficial characteristics, it has been wondered by some authors if the spot-bellied eagle-owl is related to the rainforest-dwelling eagle-owls of Africa, namely the Fraser's (Ketupa poensis) and similarly-sized Shelley's eagle-owl (Ketupa shelleyi).^[4]

Description

The spot-bellied eagle-owl is a large species of owl. It measures from 50 to 65 cm (20 to 26 in) in length.^[2][4] It is the sixth longest owl in the world on average and has the ninth longest wings of any living owl.^[3] The widely reported weight range for this species is 1.3 to 1.5 kg (2.9 to 3.3 lb), but this is probably towards the low end (possibly from K. n. blighi) or is possibly representative only of smaller males.^[5] That body mass range is similar to that of the larger race of barred eagle-owl, which are in all races considerably smaller going on total length, standard measurements and appearance.^[2] One female shot near Haputale in the Badulla District of Sri Lanka, where the owls are smaller than to the north, was found to have weighed 1.7 kg (3.7 lb).^[6] Perhaps a more correct average weight range for the species is 1.5 to 2.5 kg (3.3 to 5.5 lb).^[7] A large owl, presumed as an eagle-owl, recorded on the illegal wildlife trade from India purportedly weighed 3 kg (6.6 lb).^[8] The ear-tufts of the spot-bellied are very long and conspicuously of variable length, giving them a somewhat scraggly appearance at the tips.^[4] The ear-tufts of the spot-bellied eagle-owl measure 63 to 76 mm (2.5 to 3.0 in) in length.^[6] The spot-bellied eagle-owl has feathered legs and feet, like most eagle-owls, but the terminal digits of the toes are bare before the talons. The feet and talons are as formidable as any eagle-owl, being very large, heavy and powerful for their size.^[4] This species typically measures 425 to 477 mm (16.7 to 18.8 in) in wing chord length, 230 to 250 mm (9.1 to 9.8 in) in tail length, 60 to 62 mm (2.4 to 2.4 in) in tarsal length and 52 to 54 mm (2.0 to 2.1 in) in culmen length.^[9][10] The subspecies of spot-bellied eagle-owl found on Sri Lanka, K. n. blighi, is linearly about 10% smaller than the birds found further north in India but about the same size as owls from the southern tip of India.^[4] K. n. blighi has a wing chord length of 370 to 455 mm (14.6 to 17.9 in), a tail length of 184 to 240 mm (7.2 to 9.4 in), a longer tarsus than northern birds at 63 to 68 mm (2.5 to 2.7 in) and a culmen length of 43 to 48 mm (1.7 to 1.9 in). One bird from Sri Lanka had a middle talon of 44.2 mm (1.7 in), a toe length of 50.6 mm (2.0 in) and a wingspan of 143 cm (56 in).^[2][6] The reported talon length above is very large relative to the size of this owl – the Eurasian eagle-owls found in Spain (Bubo bubo hispanus), although relatively small compared to other Eurasian eagle-owl races, were shown to have smaller talon lengths than the Sri Lankan spot-bellied eagle-owl.^[11] Other than size, the only feature that distinguishes northern birds from Sri Lankan birds is an ill-defined band of honey-brown colour on the pectorals.^[4]

The spot-bellied eagle-owl is overall a stark, grayish-brown bird, with dark, coarse brown coloration over the back and upper wings. The throat and underparts are mainly pale fulvous in color with black and white horizontal stripes along the flanks of the body that become broad spots on the abdomen and undertail coverts. On the wings, the primaries are dark brown with lighter brown stripes and the secondaries are more heavily barred with buff-brown coloration. The lores are covered in bristly feathers and the cheeks are brownish-white with black feather shafts. The large ear-tufts slant off to the sides.^[2] Juveniles birds are distinct from adult birds, being a much paler grayish-cream overall with fairly heavy brownish barring. Distinguishing the spot-bellied eagle-owl is relatively straightforward, since other Indian and southeast Asian eagle owls do not generally dwell in deep forests as does this species. The spot-bellied is the largest of the owls in its range other than the tawny fish owl (Ketupa flavipes), which is restricted in both habitat and diet to mountain streams. The brown fish owl (Ketupa zeylonensis), which is quite different in colouring if seen reasonably well, is slightly smaller linearly than the spot-bellied eagle-owl and is found in more wetland-based (and often somewhat more degraded) habitats. The subspecies of Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo hemachalana) found in the Himalayas may inhabit higher elevations of the same mountains where the spot-bellied eagle-owl dwells in the lower elevations in the forested foothills but there their ranges barely abut. The Indian eagle-owl (Bubo bengalensis) (typically found in wooded vicinities of rocky areas) is around 10% smaller than the spot-bellied; the dusky eagle-owl (Ketupa coromanda) (typically found in woods near wetlands) is around 15% smaller; and the brown wood owl, the largest Strix widely found in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, is around 35% smaller.^[2][3][4] Furthermore, the colouring and markings of the spot-bellied eagle-owl are distinctive from all but the barred eagle-owl, which it does not co-exist with in the wild. The barred and spot-bellied eagle-owls are immediately distinguished in the field from other eagle-owls by their pale-looking, sideways slanting ear-tufts, and the degree of feathering on the legs and feet. This species pair unlike sympatric eagle-owls has horizontal rather than vertical underside markings (which coalesce somewhat in the barred eagle-owl to barring, but appear as almost continuous spotting on the spot-bellied eagle-owl) over a much paler ground colour, while the back is slightly grayer looking, lacking any warmer brown or tawny tones.^[4]

Voice

This owl is noted for its strange, human-sounding call, and it has been suggested that it is the same as the cryptid known as ulama or "Devil Bird" in Sri Lanka.^[12] A local name is Maha Bakamuna ("large horned owl"). According to http://www.cryptozoology.com, in July 2001 it was confirmed that ulama description perfectly matches spot-bellied eagle-owl. This call consists of a scream, which rises and then falls in tone. The territorial call of the species consists of low hoots with two-second intervals between hoos.^[2] The voice is booming, deep and carries quite far. It is usual for forest-dwelling owls (and many different kinds of birds) to have an extensive and complex range of vocalizations since vision is more limited than in open or semi-open habitats.^[4] However, the spot-bellied eagle-owl has relatively small ear openings, even for a member of the genus Bubo, suggesting that some territorial behaviour is carried out visually instead of auditorily.^[13]

Distribution and habitat

This species is distributed through the Lower Himalayas from Kumaon east to Burma, thence to central Laos and central Vietnam. They are found throughout the Indian subcontinent and peninsular Southeast Asia, reaching the southernmost limits of their range in Sri Lanka and 12 degrees north in southern Thailand. The spot-bellied eagle-owl dwells mainly in primary or older second growth forests. Potentially, they can come to inhabit nearly all varieties of land-based habitats but prefer those such as dense, evergreen forests or moist deciduous forests within their range, though they do extend into tropical valleys, terrai and shola in the lower hills of India. Although often considered uncommon to somewhat rare, recent photographic evidence indicates that they are widely found in different parts of India and may simply avoid detection, so long as appropriate wooded habitat remains.^[14][15][16] They are found in a range of climates from the temperate woodlands of Nepal to the humid, tropical rainforest of Southeast Asia. However. the spot-bellied eagle-owl is mainly a species of tropical and subtropical foothills, mostly distributed at elevations of 900–1,200 m (3,000–3,900 ft), but it can be found from sea-level to 6,300 m (20,700 ft), the latter in the Transhimalayas.^[2]

Behaviour

The spot-bellied eagle-owl is nocturnal and often spends its day hidden in the dense foliage of large forest trees. However, they have been observed on the move and even hunting during the day, especially in forests with minimal human disturbance. Their activity normally picks up at dusk as they begin to hunt.^[2] In larger forest owls, a partially diurnal behaviour is not uncommon. The bright whitish colouration, overlaid with brownish cross-bars, forming a brow over the eyes to the front of the ear-tufts is theorised to play a primary role in expression of behavioural intent.^[4]

Diet

This is a very powerful and bold predatory owl, which is assuredly at the top of the avian food chain in its forested range. However, no extensive study of its dietary habits is known. Even in larger eagle-owls such as the Eurasian eagle-owl, although they can and do prey on a wide range of prey including impressively large prey, most of the diet consists of small mammals, often small rodents such as voles and rats. There is no reason to assume that the spot-bellied eagle-owl does not also take a very large quantity of relatively small prey such as rodents until complete dietary studies are known. However, almost all of the prey thus far reported for this species is very large and impressive, much of it being presumably as heavy or heavier than the eagle-owls themselves.^[2][4] Due to being most widely reported as being chased and eaten by spot-bellied eagle-owls has led some authors to list their primary prey as pheasants. Among these, junglefowl (Gallus sp.) and kalij pheasants (Lophura leucomelanos), both weighing from 500 to 1,500 g (1.1 to 3.3 lb), are commonly eaten, as well as Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus), which can weigh anything from 2.75 to 6 kg (6.1 to 13.2 lb).^[2][4] The spot-bellied eagle-owl pounces on gamebirds while they're asleep on their perches in trees or bamboo clumps, often killing them in seconds with their powerful talons.^[2] Cases, where they've followed peafowl to their roosts and then pulled them out at sundown, have been reported.^[10] It also consumes an array of mammals, from small rodents to large prey such as apparent adults of golden jackals (Canis aureus), hares (Lepus ssp.), large Indian civets (Viverra zibetha), Indian spotted chevrotains (Moschiola indica), and even young muntjacs (Muntiacus sp.).^{[2][4][9][10][17]} These larger mammals are likely as much as 2 to 9 kg (4.4 to 19.8 lb) or even more.^[4][17] While most reported prey appear to be largely terrestrial, they are known to capture arboreal prey including Indian giant squirrel (Ratufa indica) and juvenile purple-faced langur (Trachypithecus vetulus). Additionally, they are considered a potential threat to toque monkeys (Macaca sinica), and one apparently caught an Indian flying fox (Pteropus giganteus) from its tree roost.^[18][19][20] Due to the capture of diurnal prey such as giant squirrel, partial daytime foraging habits have been inferred for the spot-bellied eagle owl.^[21] They will also opportunistically prey upon snakes, lizards (including large monitor lizards) and fish.^[9][10] Like several of the eagle-owls and fish owls but unlike most owls, the spot-bellied eagle-owl has been recorded as feeding on carrion. Thus far, they've been seen feeding on the carcases of goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) and tigers (Panthera tigris).^[17]

Breeding

This species' nesting season is from December to March, however, an egg has been recorded as late as June in Cachar. Most nesting sites are in large, spacious tree hollows. Alternately, they use abandoned stick nests made by other large birds, in many cases those previously built by eagles, vultures or kites. They've additionally been recorded as nesting in caves and sheltered fissures of rock walls. In this species, only one egg has ever been recorded per clutch and this is only one of three amongst all owl species (besides the buffy fish owl (Ketupa ketupu) and the barred eagle-owl) where this is known to be the case.^[22] The egg is white and round ovoid in shape with a smooth surface, averaging 61.2 mm × 49.9 mm (2.4 in × 2.0 in) in size, and are thus around the same size as the eggs of the largest living owls, the Eurasian eagle-owl and Blakiston's fish owl (Ketupa blakistoni). It has been reported that both sexes engage in incubation but this may not be the case (male owls generally do little to no incubating in eagle-owls), with the male more likely temporarily covering the eggs while the female flies off for a short period. Few further details are known of their breeding biology, including the brooding and fledging stages due to this species reportedly being very fierce and aggressive in defence of their nests.^[2] Anecdotes have claimed that some rather serious injuries have been incurred in the process of approaching spot-bellied eagle-owl nests, thus caution and distance from active nests is recommended.^[10][23][24]

Status

This species is generally uncommon, likely needing large hunting and breeding territories and thus occurs at low densities. However, it continues to occur over a large range and is not thought to be conservation dependent. Areas where deforestation occurs are likely to be vacated by this species, which is perhaps the only widespread threat faced by this owl.^[2] Despite its unknown and probably declining population size, the spot-bellied eagle-owl is evaluated as least concern on the IUCN Red List.^[1]

References

• Olsen, Jery; Wink, Michael; Sauer-Gürth, Heidi & Trost, Susan (2002): A new Ninox owl from Sumba, Indonesia. Emu 102(3): 223–231. doi:10.1071/MU02006 PDF fulltext

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spot-bellied_eagle-owl&oldid=1146416639"

El búho de Nepal, también conocido como búho de bosque (Bubo nipalensis) es una especie de búho de formidable apariencia y gran tamaño. Su principal hábitat lo constituyen los bosques del sur y el sudeste de Asia.

Taxonomía

Esta especie, al igual que su pariente más cercano el Búho malayo, es una de las especies estrechamente relacionadas con los búhos pescadores y, quizás, tendrían que trasladarse al género Ketupa si al final este se mantiene. A diferencia de los búhos pescadores que también se consideraron incluidos en Ketupa, el búho de Nepal y el Búho malayo no están estrechamente relacionados con los hábitats ribereños y los hábitos alimenticios piscívoros. Hay controversia, sin embargo, entre los especialistas si estos dos grupos de aves tienen las diferencias suficientes para mantenerse o no en géneros separados. Se han descrito dos subespecies diferentes:

• B. n. nipalensis (Hodgson, 1836) vive en la parte continental de su rango
• B. n. blighi (Legge, 1878) vive en Sri Lanka

Descripción

El búho de Nepal es una especie bastante grande de búho. Mide de 50 a 65 cm de largo, siendo el sexto búho más largo del mundo. Se estima que el peso promedio para la especie es de 1.5 a 2.5 kg. El búho de Nepal es, en general, una ave de color marrón grisáceo en el que predomina una coloración marrón oscura sobre la espalda y las alas. La garganta, el pecho y el ábdomen son principalmente de color beige blanquecino con rayas horizontales blanquinegras en los lados del cuerpo que se convierten en manchas en el abdomen. En las alas, las plumas primarias son de color marrón oscuro con rayas marrones más claras y en las secundarias las rayas son más profusas y de color marrón claro. El disco facial es gris pálido y no esta demarcado por líneas oscuras. Los ojos son marrones oscuros y los párpados gris claro. Los grandes mechones en forma de orejas, de color marrón oscuro, se inclinan hacia los lados y llegan a medir entre 6 y 7 cm. Las patas y las garras son tan formidables como cualquier otro búho real, siendo muy grandes y poderosas para su tamaño. Los juveniles son distintos de las aves adultas, siendo de un color crema grisáceo, mucho más pálidos en general que los adultos, y con rayas marrones que resaltan mucho más del plumaje. Este búho es el más grande de entre las especies que coexisten en su rango de distribución.

Destaca por su extraño grito, semejante a un grito humano, por lo que en algunos lugares de Sri Lanka es conocido como ulama (pájaro diablo). Otro nombre local es Maha Bakamuna (gran búho cornudo).

Distribución y hábitat

Esta especie se distribuye desde las estribaciones del Himalaya hacia el este penetrando en el interior de China y de allí hacia el sur extendiéndose por el Sudeste Asiático. También existen poblaciones en los Ghats occidentales de la India y en Sri Lanka.

El búho de Nepal vive principalmente en bosques primarios y secundarios, generalmente cerca de fuentes de agua, y hasta una altitud de 3000 m. Entre la variedad de bosques que habitan se encuentran los bosques templados caducifolios de Nepal y el interior de China, las selvas tropicales del sudeste asiático y la India; y bosques tropicales secos de Sri Lanka.

Comportamiento

El búho de Nepal es nocturno y, a menudo, pasa el día escondido en el denso follaje de grandes árboles. Sin embargo, se han observado búhos en movimiento e incluso cazando durante el día, especialmente en bosques con una mínima perturbación humana. Normalmente, su actividad comienza al anochecer cuando comienzan a cazar.

Es un búho depredador muy poderoso y audaz, que seguramente está en la parte superior de la cadena alimentaria aviar en los bosques donde habita. Se cree que al igual que otras especies de su género se alimenta, principalmente, de pequeños mamíferos como roedores. Sin embargo, las presas que están documentadas como alimento en esta especie son casi todas muy grandes y pesadas (a veces incluso mayores que el propio búho). Se sabe que se alimenta de faisanes, gallos salvajes y pavos reales; aves a las que atacará mientras duermen posados en los árboles y a las que matará en cuestión de segundo con sus poderosas garras. También consume una gran variedad de mamíferos (además de roedores) como chacales, liebres, civetas, ciervos ratones y muntjacs. Si bien la mayoría de las presas suelen ser terrestres también capturan animales arbóreos como ardillas y monos. Serpiente, lagartos y peces son presas menos comunes para esta especie. Se sabe también que esta especie es de las pocas especies de búho que se alimenta de carroña.

La temporada de anidación de esta especie es de diciembre a marzo. La mayoría de los sitios de anidación están en huecos espaciosos de árboles grandes. Alternativamente, usan nidos abandonados por otras aves grandes como águilas, buitres o milanos. También se han registrado anidamientos en cuevas y fisuras protegidas de paredes rocosas. En esta especie solo se ha registrado un huevo por nidada, siendo una de las pocas especies de búho donde se registra este hecho. Ambos sexos participan en la incubación, pero es más probable que el papel del macho consista sólo en cubrir temporalmente los huevos mientras la hembra vuela por un corto período de tiempo. Se conocen pocos detalles adicionales de su biología reproductiva, incluidas las etapas de incubación y cría debido a que, según los informes, esta especie es muy feroz y agresiva en la defensa de sus nidos.

Conservación

Esta especie es generalmente poco común, probablemente necesite grandes territorios de caza y reproducción y, por lo tanto, ocurre a bajas densidades. Sin embargo, continúa apareciendo en un amplio rango y no se cree que sea muy necesaria su conservación. Es probable que las áreas, donde se produce deforestación, sean abandonadas por esta especie, que es quizás la única amenaza generalizada que enfrenta este búho que presenta una población decreciente. Por todas estas indicaciones la UICNclasifica a esta especie como de preocupación menor.

Referencias

• BirdLife International (2004). «Bubo nipalensis». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2006 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 11 de mayo de 2006. Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern

• Olsen, Jery; Wink, Michael; Sauer-Gürth, Heidi & Trost, Susan (2002): A new Ninox owl from Sumba, Indonesia. Emu 102(3): 223-231. doi 10.1071/MU02006 PDF fulltext

Bubo nipalensis Bubo generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Strigidae familian sailkatua dago.

Erreferentziak

Kanpo estekak

• World Bird Names

Ikus, gainera

• Bubo
• Strigidae

Täplävatsahuuhkaja (Bubo nipalensis)^[3] on suurin pöllöihin kuuluva petolintu, jolla on pelottava ulkonäkö. Tämä Etelä- ja Kaakkois-Aasiassa Bangladeshissa, Bhutanissa, Kambodžassa, Kiinaissa, Intiassa, Laosissa, Myanmarissa, Nepalissa, Sri Lankassa, Thaimaassa ja Vietnamissa tavattava lintu elää lauhkeissa, subtrooppisissa ja trooppisissa alavissa ja vuoristometsissä.^[1]

Linnun oudon, ihmismäisen äänen takia sitä sanotaan Sri Lankassa paholaisen linnuksi.^[4]

Lintu saalistaa yöaikaan ja piileskelee päivät lehvästössä. Hämärän laskeutuessa se saalistaa pieniä nisäkkäitä, matelijoita sekä aina kanan kokoisia lintuja.

Alalajit

Se jakautuu kahteen alalajiin:^[2]

• Bubo nipalensis blighi Legge, 1878
• Bubo nipalensis nipalensis Hodgson, 1836

Lähteet

Aiheesta muualla

• Intianhuuhkaja (Bubo nipalensis) BirdLife species factsheet. (englanniksi)

Bubo nipalensis

Le Grand-duc du Népal (Bubo nipalensis) est une espèce de hibou très coloré vivant dans les forêts de d'Asie, de l'Inde à la Chine et au sud jusqu'en Thaïlande^[1]. Il regroupe en fait un complexe d'espèces avec le grand-duc bruyant (Bubo sumatranus), qui est physiquement assez proche mais qui présente un mode de spéciation allopatrique.

Habitat

Ce grand-duc peuple les forêts humides et les montagnes de son aire de répartition. C'est une espèce sédentaire que l'on rencontre au Népal jusqu'à 3 000 mètres d'altitude. Dans les forêts du sud-ouest souvent près des cours d'eau^[2].

Description

Bubo nipalensis possède un corps large et puissant et mesure environ 65 centimètres de large pour une masse de 1,5 kg et une envergure de 1,5 m. Il possède des aigrettes bien développées et presque horizontales.

Alimentation

Cette espèce se nourrit d'oiseaux, de petits mammifères, de reptiles et de poissons^[2].

Reproduction

La femelle pond un seul œuf qu'elle couve environ un mois. Cette espèce niche dans des trous d'arbre ou dans de vieux nids abandonnés. L'œuf pondu est très farouchement défendu par le couple (les deux parents).

Population

La taille de la population mondiale n'a pas été quantifiée, du fait que l'espèce est rarement signalée et très localisée (del Hoyo et al., 1999)^[3].

Statut UICN

Selon l'UICN, cette espèce possède une vaste aire et est considérée comme « Préoccupation mineure » mais pourrait se rapprocher du statut « Vulnérable » (zone de répartition de plus de 20 000 avec cependant un habitat en déclin ou fluctuant dans sa qualité notamment, parfois fragmenté de manière sévère). La tendance de l'espèce semble être stable et donc ne touche pas encore le seuil du statut « Vulnérable » (les critères et tendances de population étant une diminution de 30 % en déclin sur 10 ans ou trois générations). La taille de la population n'a pas été quantifiée exactement (10 000 individus matures avec un déclin continu estimé à 10 % en dix ans ou trois générations). C'est notamment pour ces raisons que l'espèce est évaluée comme « Préoccupation mineure »^[3].

Zoo, captivité

• La Ménagerie Zoo du jardin des plantes de Paris (France) détient au moins un couple de Bubo nipalensis.

Galerie

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Relations avec l'homme

En Inde et à l'égal de nombreux autres rapaces nocturnes, le grand-duc du Népal est encore recherché à des fins de sorcellerie, de magie noire ou pour la recherche et la confection de médecine traditionnelle. Souvent encore associé à des présages de mort au Sri Lanka, surnommé parfois le Diable-oiseau (devil Bird), il est considéré comme un oiseau mystérieux et légendaire aux cris lugubres aux intonations humaines^[2].

Notes et références

Vogels

De bosoehoe (Bubo nipalensis) is een oehoe uit de familie Strigidae.

Verspreiding en leefgebied

Deze soort komt voor in zuidelijk India en Sri Lanka, van de Himalaya tot Zuidoost-Azië en telt 2 ondersoorten:

• Bubo nipalensis nipalensis: van de Himalaya tot zuidelijk India oostelijk naar Vietnam.
• Bubo nipalensis blighi: Sri Lanka.

Externe link

• Avibase

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties

Skoghubro (Bubo nipalensis) er en ugle i slekten Bubo.

Referanser

Eksterne lenker

• (en) skoghubro i Encyclopedia of Life
• (en) skoghubro i Global Biodiversity Information Facility
• (en) skoghubro hos NCBI
• (en) skoghubro hos ITIS
• (en) Kategori:Bubo nipalensis – bilder, video eller lyd på Wikimedia Commons
• (en) Bubo nipalensis – galleri av bilder, video eller lyd på Wikimedia Commons
• Bubo nipalensis – detaljert informasjon på Wikispecies

• Skoghubro på owlpages.com

Bubo nipalensis é uma espécie de ave estrigiforme pertencente à família Strigidae.^[1]

Referências

Nepaluv^[2] (Bubo nipalensis) är en fågel i familjen ugglor inom ordningen ugglefåglar.^[3]

Utbredning och underarter

Nepaluv delas in i två underarter:^[3]

• Bubo nipalensis nipalensis – förekommer från Himalaya till Indien, i sydvästra Kina (Yunnan), i Myanmar och Vietnam
• Bubo nipalensis blighi – förekommer på Sri Lanka

Status

IUCN kategoriserar arten som livskraftig.^[1]

Referenser

1. ^ [a b] Birdlife International 2012 Bubo nipalensis Från: IUCN 2015. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2015.4 www.iucnredlist.org. Läst 2016-02-01.
2. ^ Sveriges ornitologiska förening (2016) Officiella listan över svenska namn på världens fågelarter Arkiverad 18 oktober 2014 hämtat från the Wayback Machine., läst 2016-10-10
3. ^ [a b] Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood (2016) The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 2016 http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download, läst 2016-08-11

Externa länkar

• Wikimedia Commons har media som rör nepaluv.
  Bilder & media
• Wikispecies har information om Bubo nipalensis.
  Artförteckning

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Dù dì Nepal^[2] (tên khoa học: Bubo nipalensis) là một loài chim trong họ Strigidae.^[3]

Hình ảnh

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Chú thích

Царство: Животные

Подцарство: Эуметазои

Без ранга: Двусторонне-симметричные

Без ранга: Вторичноротые

Тип: Хордовые

Подтип: Позвоночные

Инфратип: Челюстноротые

Надкласс: Четвероногие

Класс: Птицы

Подкласс: Настоящие птицы

Инфракласс: Новонёбные

Отряд: Совообразные

Семейство: Совиные

Подсемейство: Настоящие совы

Род: Филины

Вид: Непальский филин

Вызывающие наименьшие опасения
IUCN 3.1 Least Concern: 22688970