Carex annectens (E. P. Bicknell) E. P. Bicknell

Carex annectens is similar in appearance to C. vulpinoidea, but can readily be distinguished by the flowering stems longer than the leaves and the orange-yellow perigynia that are usually ovate to suborbicular and short-beaked. Furthermore, that species is ecologically distinct and grows in open, dry to moist soils; C. vulpinoidea prefers wetter soils. It may be closely related to C. triangularis, which differs in having wider perigynia with red crystalline inclusions. Some authors recognize two taxa within the species (C. annectens var. annectans and var. xanthocarpa), distinguished by differences in perigynium color, inflorescence compactness, and pistillate scale awn length. All those characters appear to vary independently and within the same plant. Further detailed study may clarify patterns of biological variation within the taxon.

Culms to 75 cm × 2 mm, scabrous. Leaves: sheath fronts indistinctly spotted pale brown or red, apex convex, membranous, rugose; ligule rounded, to 3 mm, free limb to 0.2 mm; blades 60 cm × 5 mm, shorter than flowering stem. Inflorescences spicate, 4–7 cm × 15 mm, with 10–15 branches, proximal usually distinct; proximal internodes to 1.5 cm; bracts setaceous, proximal 1–3 conspicuous, distal bracts scalelike. Scales hyaline, red-brown with narrow colorless margins, awn to 1.5 mm. Perigynia golden brown, 3-veined abaxially, body broadly elliptic to ovate, 2.2–3 × 1.5–2.2 mm, base rounded; beak 0.5–1.2 mm, 1/3 length of body. Achenes red-brown, circular, 1.2–1.5 × 1–1.2 mm, glossy.

Ont., Que.; Ark., Conn., Del., D.C., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Nebr., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Pa., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Vt., Va., W.Va., Wis.

Fruiting Jul–Aug.

Dry to moist, often calcareous soils in open habitats, mesic to wet meadows; 0–1500m.

Carex xanthocarpa E. P. Bicknell [not Degland 1807] var. annectens E. P. Bicknell, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 23: 23. 1896; C. annectens var. ambigua (Barratt ex Boott) Gleason; C. annectens var. xanthcarpa (Kükenthal) Wiegand; C. bicknellii Camus 1910, not Britton 1896; C. brachyglossa Mackenzie; C. setacea Dewey var. ambigua (Barratt ex Boott) Fernald

Carex annectens Bickn. Bull. Torrey Club 35: 492. 1908
Carex vidpinoidea var. ambigua Barratt; Boott, 111. Carex 125. pi. 406. 1862. (Type from Connecticut.)
Carex vulpinoidea var. plalycarpa Gay; E. Hall. PI. Tex. 25. 1873. (As to Hall's plant only: "perigynia not spotted.")
Carex xanlhocarpa var. annectens Bickn. Bull. Torrey Club. 23: 23. 1896. (Type from New York.)
Carex setacea var. ambigua Fernald, Rhodora 8: 167. 1906. (Based on C. vulpinoidea var. ambigua Barratt.)
Carex vulpinoidea var. annectens Farwell, Papers Mich. Acad. 1: 91. 1923. (Based on C. annectens Bickn.)
Carex vulpinoidea var. xanlhocarpa f. annectens " Bickn. " Kiikenth. in Engler, Pflanzenreich 4 50 : 148. 1909. (Based on C. xanlhocarpa var. annectens Bickn.)
Cespitose, the rootstocks very short-prolonged, stout, tough, fibrillose, blackish, the culms 3-10 dm. high, exceeding the leaves, very rarely shorter, stiff but slender, 2.5-4.5 mm. thick at base, acutely triangular above with flat sides, obtusely triangular below, roughened beneath the head, brownish at base, the lower leaves reduced, the dried-up leaves of the previous year conspicuous; leaves with well-developed blades 3-6 to a culm, on the lower third, but not bunched, the blades erect-ascending, flat, or slightly canaliculate, light-green, thinnish but rather firm, 2-4 dm. long, 2-5 mm. wide, long-tapering, roughened on the margins and towards the apex, the sheaths tight, thin, cross-rugulose, red-dotted and greenish-white ventrally, strongly prolonged upward beyond base of blade and high-convex and slightly thickened and yellowish at mouth, the ligule much wider than long; spikes very numerous or numerous, in a more or less compound terminal head 2-7 cm. (usually 3-5 cm.) long, 8-15 mm. thick, the lower clusters often somewhat separated and usually not strongly compound, tin upper densely aggregated; heads greenish-stramineous when young, yellowish-brown when mature, the individual spikes distinguished with difficulty; staminate flowers apical, inconspicuous, with the several to many ascending or at maturity spreading perigynia beneath; bracts setaceous-prolonged, very variable in length and size, usually shorter than the head, often rather conspicuous, the upper scale-like; scales ovate, reddish-brown with hyaline margins, the center green, 3-nerved, terminating in a rough awn slightly exceeding the lower perigynia and equaling or exceeded by the upper in each spike; perigynia plano-convex, membranaceous, ovate-orbicular or broader, 2 .6-3.2 mm. long, 1.7-2.25 mm. wide, brownishyellow at maturity, occasionally yellowish-green, short-stipitate, rounded or truncate at base, flat, nerveless or nearly so and sharp-edged to base ventrally, strongly serrulate above middle, low-convex and slenderly but conspicuously few-nerved dorsally, rarely varying to nearly nerveless, green-margined above, abruptly contracted into a rough-serrulate beak much shorter than the body, dorsally cleft, strongly bidentate, the teeth short, somewhat spreading, triangular, reddish-brown; achenes lenticular, orbicular-quadrate, short-stipitate, rounded at base and apex, apiculate, 1.5 mm. long; style slender, straight, jointed with achene, enlarged at base; stigmas two, slender, rather short, reddish-brown. Type locality (of C. xanthocarpa var. annectens, on which C. annectens is based): "Common at New York. In the Columbia College Herbarium are specimens from Staten Island (Brilton) and North Carolina (Curtis)." The Staten Island specimen is taken as the type.
DISTRIBUTION: Dry fields and pastures, mostly in acid soils; largely a species of the coastal plain, but occasional inland, Texas to Florida, and northward to Maine and Wisconsin. (Specimens examined from Maine. Vermont. Massachusetts. Rhode Island. Connecticut. New York. New Jersey. Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland. District of Columbia. Virginia. North Carolina. Georgia, Florida. Ohio. Indiana. Wisconsin. Oklahoma.)

Carex brachyglossa Mackenzie, Bull. Torrey Club 50: 355. 1923
Carex xanthocarpa Bickn. Bull. Torrey Club 23: 22. 1S96. (Type from New York.) Not C.
xanthoearpa Degland, 1807. Carex mlpinoidea var. xanthocarpa Kiikenth. in Engler, Pflanzenreich 4 20 : 148. 1909. (Based on
C. xanthoearpa Bickn. i Carex Bicknellii Camus. Not. Svst. Mus. Paris 1: 239. 1910. (Based on C. xanthocarpa Bickn.)
Not C. Bicknellii Britton. 1896. Carex annectens var. xanthocarpa Wiegand, Rhodora 24: 74. 1922. (Based on C. xanthocarpa
Bickn.)
Cespitose, the rootstocks very short-prolonged, stout, tough, fibrillose, blackish, the culms 3-12 dm. high, exceeding the leaves, very rarely shorter, stiff but slender, 2.5-4.5 mm. thick at base, acutely triangular above with flat sides, obtusely triangular below, roughened beneath the head, brownish at base, the lower leaves reduced, the dried-up leaves of the previous year conspicuous; leaves with well-developed blades 3-6 to a culm, on the lower third, but not bunched, the blades erect-ascending, flat or slightly canaliculate, light-green, thinnish but rather firm, 2-4 dm. long, 3-6 mm. wide, long-tapering, roughened on the margins and towards the apex, the sheaths tight, thin, cross-rugulose, red-dotted and greenish-white ventrally, short-prolonged upward beyond base of blade and truncate or slightly convex at mouth and slightly thickened and yellowish, the ligule nearly as long as wide; spikes very numerous or numerous in a more or less compound terminal head 2-7 cm. (usually 3-5 cm.) long, 8-15 mm. thick, narrowly oblong-ovoid, the lower clusters not separated and usually not strongly compound, the upper densely aggregated; heads greenish-yellow when young, golden-brown when mature, the individual spikes distinguished with difficulty; staminate flowers apical, inconspicuous, with the several to many ascending or at maturity spreading perigynia beneath; bracts setaceous-prolonged, very variable in length and size, usually shorter than the head, often inconspicuous, the upper scale-like; scales ovate, reddish-brown with hyaline margins, the center green, 3-nerved, terminating in a rough awn mostly shorter than the perigynia; perigynia plano-convex, membranaceous, typically golden-yellow at maturity, ovate to broadly ovate, usually 2.2-2.7 mm. long, 1.5-1.8 mm. wide, short-stipitate, round-tapering at base, flat, nerveless and sharp-edged to base ventrally, serrulate at base of beak, low-convex and nerveless or faintly or occasionally plainly few-nerved dorsally, not green-margined or scarcely so above, abruptly contracted into a serrulate beak much shorter than the body, dorsally cleft, shallowly bidentate, the teeth short, appressed, triangular, dull-rcddish-brown; achenes lenticular, oblong-quadrate, 1.5 mm. long, short-stipitate, rounded at base and apex; style slender, straight, jointed with achene, enlarged at base; stigmas two, slender, rather short, reddish-brown.
Type i I Chester i ounty, Pennsylvania, Ptnnell Long 7598 (Herb, > el
I
lurum riOM Field ., pastures, in. I dry banks, especially in calcareous districts. Mann to ithward to Virginia and Kansas (Specimens examined from Maine, New damp
i mi t, District of < Columbia,
Virginia, Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas.)

Carex annectens, sometimes called yellow-fruited fox sedge, is a species of sedge native to most of the eastern United States and southeastern Canada. It is common in prairies and high-water table fallow fields. In the Chicago area, its coefficient of conservatism is 3 (out of 10), and in Michigan, it is only 1, indicating its relatively low fidelity to high quality habitats.

Carex annectens, le carex à gaine tronquée, est une espèce de plantes du genre Carex et de la famille des Cyperaceae.

Carex annectens adalah spesies tumbuhan seperti rumput yang tergolong ke dalam famili Cyperaceae. Spesies ini juga merupakan bagian dari ordo Poales. Spesies Carex annectens sendiri merupakan bagian dari genus Carex. Nama ilmiah dari spesies ini pertama kali diterbitkan oleh (E.P.Bicknell) E.P.Bicknell.

Carex annectens là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Cói. Loài này được (E.P.Bicknell) E.P.Bicknell mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1908.