Description
(
İngilizce
)
eFloras tarafından sağlandı
Plants densely to loosely cespitose; rhizomes short, no more than 10 cm. Culms sharply trigonous in cross section, (15–)25–95(–110) cm, scabrous-angled distally. Leaves: basal sheaths reddish purple; ligules as wide to slightly longer than wide; blades dark green, flat to W-shaped, widest leaves (4–)4.5–11.5(–13) mm wide, glabrous. Inflorescences 2.7–18 cm; proximal bract 9–45 cm, exceeding inflorescence; proximal 1–3(–4) spikes pistillate, erect or the proximal often spreading, (12–)15–22 mm thick, if spikes less than 15 mm thick, then usually less than 2.5 times as long as wide; terminal 1 spike staminate. Pistillate scales narrowly oblong, 3.4–11.2 × 0.5–1.1 mm, as long as or shorter than perigynia, margins often ciliate, apex truncate to retuse, erose, prolonged to scabrous awn. Staminate scales with distinct, scabrous awn, sometimes ciliate-margined. Perigynia spreading, strongly 7–12-veined, veins separate nearly to beak apex, broadly ovate, (6–)6.5–10.8 × (1.8–)2–3.5(–4.2), apex contracted; beak 2.5–5.9 mm, 0.7–0.9 length of body, bidentate, smooth, teeth straight, to 0.2–0.8 mm. Stigmas 3. Achenes yellow to brown, trigonous, papillose.
- lisans
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- telif hakkı
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Distribution
(
İngilizce
)
eFloras tarafından sağlandı
Nfld. & Labr., N.S., Ont., Que.; Ala., Ark., Conn., D.C., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind., Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Miss., Mo., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Pa., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Vt., Va., W.Va., Wis.; Mexico, West Indies, South America.
- lisans
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- telif hakkı
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Habitat
(
İngilizce
)
eFloras tarafından sağlandı
Wet meadows, marshes, seeps, shores of ponds, lakes, and streams, open swamp forests, ditches, mostly in acidic, often sandy soils; 0–1200m.
- lisans
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- telif hakkı
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Comprehensive Description
(
İngilizce
)
North American Flora tarafından sağlandı
Carex lurida Wahl. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Nya Handl. 24: 153. 1S03
Carex tenlaculata Muhl.; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 266. 1805. (Type from Pennsylvania.)
Carex rostrata Willd. Sp. PI. 4 : 282. 1805. (Type from Pennsylvania.) Not C. rostrala Stokes, 1787.
Carex tenlaculata var. rostrata Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 41. 1814. (Based on C. rostrata Willd.)
"Carex gigantea Rudge" Kunth, Enum. PI. 2: 503. 1837.
Carex Georgiana Dewey, Am. Jour. Sci. II. 6: 245. 1848. (Type from Georgia.) Carex tenlaculala var. parvula Paine, Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Cab. 18: 105. 1865. (Type from Oneida
County, N. Y.) Carex Purshii Olney. Caric. Bor.-Am. 2. 1871. (Based on C. rostrata Willd.) Carex Beyrichiana Bock. Linnaea 41 : 239. 1877. (Type from Georgia. ) Carex lurida var. flaccida L. H. Bailey, Mem. Torrey Club 1: 73. 1889. (Type from central New
York.) Carex lurida var. parvula L. H. Bailey, Bull. Torrey Club 20: 418. 1893. (Based on C. tenlaculala
var. -parvula Paine.) Carex lurida var. exundans L. H. Bailey; Britt. & Brown, 111. Fl. 1 : 299. 1896. (Type from eastern
United States.) Carex tenlaculala var. flaccida Howe, Rep. N. Y. State Mus. 48: 190. 1896. (Based on C. lurida var.
flaccida L. H. Bailey.) Carex exundans Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 14: 196. 1901. (Based on C. lurida var. exundans L. H.
Bailey.)
Cespitose, the rootstocks short, tough, stout, the clumps medium-sized to large, the culms 1.5-10 dm. high, erect, strict, usually exceeded by the upper leaves, aphyllopodic, obtusely triangular, smooth or little roughened above, more or less purplish-red at base, the basal sheaths sparingly filamentose, the dried-up leaves of the previous year conspicuous; leaves with well-developed blades usually 3-6 to a fertile culm, not clustered at base, septate-nodulose, often strongly so, the blades dullor yellowish-green, firm, flat with slightly revolute margins, usually 1.5-4 dm. long, 2-7 mm. wide, attenuate, the two mid-lateral nerves prominent above, roughened toward the apex, especially on the margins, the sheaths rather loose, hyaline ventrally and more or less strongly yellowish-brown-tinged, concave or truncate at mouth, the ligule longer than wide; terminal spike staminate, from nearly sessile to longpeduncled, nearly linear, 1-7 cm. long, 1.5-3 mm. wide, the scales oblong-oblanceolate, yellowish-brown with lighter 3-nerved center and hyaline margins, the midrib prolonged into a strongly developed, long, rough awn; bract conspicuous; pistillate spikes 1-4, approximate or the lower from little to strongly separate, the upper varying from short-peduncled to strictly sessile and erect, the lower little or even strongly peduncled and erect or even drooping, the peduncles smooth, the spikes typically oblong or oblong-cylindric, but varying to subglobose or cylindric, 1-7.5 cm. long, 14-20 mm. wide, densely flowered with usually 40-100 (15-150) perigynia in many rows with conspicuously spreading beaks; bracts leaf -like, ascending or erect, exceeding inflorescence, the lowest from little to strongly sheathing; scales lanceolate or oblanceolate, yellowish-brown with hyaline margins and 3-nerved green center excurrent as a long rough awn, or the upper merely acuminate, narrower and (except lowest) shorter than the perigynia; perigynia 6-9 mm. long, the body ovoid or obovoid-globose, 2.5-3 mm. wide, strongly inflated, suborbicular in cross-section, membranaceous, smooth, shining, puncticulate, yellowish-green or straw-colored at maturity, strongly about 10-nerved, rounded at base, nearly sessile, tapering or contracted into the smooth or roughish, slender, bidentate beak from one half to nearly as long as the body, usually very unequally bidentate or obliquely cut at mouth, the teeth slender, stiff, erect or somewhat spreading, 0.5-1 mm. long; achenes small, oval-obovoid, 2-2.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, triangular with blunt angles and concave sides, loosely enveloped in lower half of perigynium-body, substipitate, densely granular, yellowishbrown, tapering into and continuous with the slender, persistent, twisted or very abruptly bent style; stigmas 3, slender, blackish, short.
Type locality: "Hab. in America septentrionali, Hultgren; ex herbario Swartzii."
Distribution: Swamps and wet meadows, Nova Scotia to Minnesota, and southward to Florida, Texas and Vera Cruz; erroneously reported from Central and South America. A very variable species, especially in the size of the spikes and in the teeth of the perigynium beak. (Specimens examined from Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia, Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi, Louisiana, Minnesota, Missouri, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Vera Cruz.)
- bibliyografik atıf
- Kenneth Kent Mackenzie. 1935. (POALES); CYPERACEAE; CARICEAE. North American flora. vol 18(7). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY