Hackelochloa granularis (L.) Kuntze

4.4 Conducta

Maleza (Barkworth et al. 2003).

1.1 Descripción de la especie

Culmos de 0.3 a 1 (1.5) mm de alto, erectos o ascendentes, muy ramificados, sólidos, medulosos, con pelos híspidos pustulosos especialmente bajo los nudos, con raíces fúlcreas. Vainas más cortas y anchas que los entrenudos, aquilladas, con pelos densos híspidos postulosos, los márgenes sobrepuestos, el superior piloso. Lígulas una membrana ciliada de 1 a 1.5 mm de largo, arqueada. Láminas casi siempre de 5 a 15 (-30) cm de largo y 5 a 15 mm de ancho, planas, ciliadas, con pelos hirsutos papilosos en ambas superficies. Inflorescencia presenta racimos de 1 a 2 cm de largo, angostamente cilíndricos, rígidos, parcialmente envueltos en una espata, saliento en pequeños grupos de los nudos medios y superiores de los culmos. Espiguillas sésil fértil aproximadamente de 1.3 a 1.7 mm de largo. Glumas primera gluma convexa, gruesa, rugosa o con cavidades rectangulares en hileras transversales, obscura al madurar; segunda gluma de 0.8 a 1 mm, adpresa en las uniones del raquis, oblonga, poco aquillada, cartácea y 3 nervada. Lemas hialinas con una flor perfecta. Páleas hialinas con una flor perfecta. Cariópsis de 0.7 a 0.9 mm, elíptico hasta casi orbicular, de color café o café amarillento. Flores con 3 estambres, espiguillas sésiles con anteras de 0.2 a 0.3 mm, espiguillas pediceladas con anteras de 0.9 a 1.1 mm (Barkworth, et al., 2003; Beetle, et al., 1991 &Davidse, et al., 1994).

4.7 Longevidad

Anual (Beetle et al. 1991).

3.4 Hábitat- SNIB - CONABIO, 2007

Lugares cultivados, orillas de caminos (Barkworth et al. 2003).

Agropecuario

Proporciona algo de forraje en el suroeste de los Estados Unidos (Hitchcock, 1951).

Annual; culms 5-100 cm high, erect. Leaf-blades linear-lanceolate, 2-15 cm long, 4-12 mm wide, coarsely hispid, subamplexicaul. Racemes 5-15 mm long. Sessile spikelet about 1 mm long; upper glume narrowly crested at the apex. Pedicelled spikelet 1.5 -2.5 mm long.

Locally it is found at low altitudes, but is not abundant.

Annual. Culms tufted, erect, up to 60 cm tall, branched from base. Leaf sheaths loose, slightly inflated, keeled; leaf blades linear-lanceolate, 5–20 × 0.4–1 cm, coarsely hispid, base subamplexicaul, apex subacute; ligule ca. 1 mm. Racemes 0.7–1.5(–2) cm; peduncle often pubescent; rachis internodes 1–1.5(–2) mm. Sessile spikelet 1–1.5 mm, usually cream-colored at maturity; lower glume hemispherical, coarsely reticulate-rugose, pits shallow and separated by broad rounded ribs, the whole surface finely granular; upper glume hyaline below, thickening upward toward the crested apex; lower lemma hyaline; upper lemma hyaline, ca. 1.1 mm, upper palea as long. Pedicelled spikelet 1.5–2.5 mm, glumes with prominent green veins and whitish wings. Fl. and fr. Jun–Oct. 2n = 14.

Culm about 30 cm tall. Blade linear-lanceolate, about 8 cm long by 4 mm wide, hirsute; sheath papillose-hispid. Inflorescence of racemes, 1-2 cm long. Spikelets paired; rachis-joint and pedicel grown together. Pedicellate spikelet conspicuous, staminate. Sessile spikelet fertile, about 1 mm long; lower glume globose, alveolate; upper glume broadly lanceolate, subcoriaceous, 3-nerved,margins infolded, appressed to the rachis-joint and pedicel which together form a cavity, as long as the spikelet. Florets hyaline.

Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [throughout the tropics].

Distribution: Pakistan (Sind, Punjab, N.W.F.P. & Kashmir); throughout the tropics.

Throughout the tropics.

400-900 m

Fl. & Fr. Per.: (June-) August-September.

Arable land, open grassy places; 100–1000 m.

Cenchrus granularis Linnaeus, Mant. Pl. 2: 575. 1771; Manisuris granularis (Linnaeus) Linnaeus f.; Mnesithea granu-laris (Linnaeus) de Koning & Sosef; Rottboellia granularis (Linnaeus) Roberty.

Cenchrus granularis L., Mant. Pl. 2: 575. 1771.
Manisuris granularis (L.) Sw., Prodr. Beg, Ind-Occid, 25. 1788; Henry, List. 108.1896.
Rytilix granularis (L.) Skeels in U. S. Dept. Bur. Pl. Ind. Bull. 282: 20. 1913 Honda, Monogr: 372. 1930.

Annuals, Terrestrial, not aquatic, Stems nodes swollen or brittle, Stems erect or ascending, Stems geniculate, decumbent, or lax, sometimes rooting at nodes, Stems caespitose, tufted, or clustered, Stems terete, round in cross section, or polygonal, Stems branching above base or distally at nodes, Stem nodes bearded or hairy, Stem internodes solid or spongy, Stems with inflorescence less than 1 m tall, Stems with inflorescence 1-2 m tall, Stems, culms, or scapes exceeding basal leaves, Leaves mostly cauline, Leaves conspicuously 2-ranked, distichous, Leav es sheathing at base, Leaf sheath mostly open, or loose, Leaf sheath hairy, hispid or prickly, Leaf sheath and blade differentiated, Leaf sheath enlarged, inflated or distended, Leaf blades linear, Leaf blades lanceolate, Leaf blades 2-10 mm wide, Leaf blades 1-2 cm wide, Leaf blades mostly flat, Leaf blades more or less hairy, Ligule present, Ligule a fringed, ciliate, or lobed membrane, Inflorescence terminal, Inflorescence a dense slender spike-like panicle or raceme, branches contracted, Inflorescence solitary, with 1 spike, fascicle, glomerule, head, or cluster per stem or culm, Inflorescence single raceme, fascicle or spike, Flowers bisexual, Flowers unisexual, Spikelets pedicellate, Spikelets sessile or subsessile, Spikelets dorsally compressed or terete, Spikelet less than 3 mm wide, Spikelets with 2 florets, Spikelets paired at rachis nodes, Spikelets in paired units, 1 sessile, 1 pedicellate, Pedicellate spikelet well developed, staminate, Spikelets bisexual, Spi kelets disarticulating below the glumes, Spikelets secund, in rows on one side of rachis, Spikelets closely appressed or embedded in concave portions of axis, Rachilla or pedicel glabrous, Glumes present, empty bracts, Glumes 2 clearly present, Glumes equal or subequal, Glumes equal to or longer than adjacent lemma, Glumes 4-7 nerved, Glumes 8-15 nerved, Lemmas thin, chartaceous, hyaline, cartilaginous, or membranous, Lemma apex truncate, rounded, or obtuse, Lemma awnless, Lemma margins thin, lying flat, Lemma straight, Palea present, well developed, Palea membranous, hyaline, Palea longer than lemma, Stamens 3, Styles 2-fid, deeply 2-branched, Stigmas 2, Fruit - caryopsis.

Hackelochloa granularis, the pitscale grass, is a species of grass native to sub-Saharan Africa and temperate and tropical regions of Asia. It is naturalised to the Southern United States, Mexico and South America.

Hackelochloa granularis là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Hòa thảo. Loài này được (L.) Kuntze mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1891.

球穗草（学名：Hackelochloa granularis），又名亥氏草，为禾本科球穗草属下的一个种。