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Description ( İngilizce )

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Varieties 3 (1 in the flora): North America, Mexico.
lisans
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
telif hakkı
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliyografik atıf
Flora of North America Vol. 2 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
kaynak
Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
düzenleyici
Flora of North America Editorial Committee
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Common Names ( İngilizce )

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drooping juniper

Mexican drooping juniper

weeping juniper

weeping cedar

drooping cedar
bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 2007. Juniperus flaccida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/tree/junfla/all.html

Conservation Status ( İngilizce )

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Information on state-level protected status of plants in the United States is available at Plants Database.
bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 2007. Juniperus flaccida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/tree/junfla/all.html

Description ( İngilizce )

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More info for the terms: cone, shrub, tree

This description provides characteristics that may be relevant to fire ecology, and is not meant for identification. An identification key is available [44].

Drooping juniper is a native small tree or large shrub that is slow growing and long-lived [42]. Height at maturity usually ranges from 25 to 30 feet (7.6-9.1 m) [37,44]. The national champion tree occurs in Juniper Canyon and is 55 feet (17 m) tall with a crown spread of 35 feet (11 m) and a circumference of 8.5 feet (2.5 m) [4]. Juniperus flaccida var. flaccida reaches a maximum height of 39 feet (12 m) [15]. The most conspicuous character of drooping juniper is its pendant branchlets [33,44]. Young drooping juniper trees usually have a narrow rounded crown. The bark is deeply furrowed and shreds into long strips [44]. The globose, berrylike cone is from 0.25 to 0.5 inch (0.63-1.3 cm) in diameter [44]. Each drooping juniper cone contains from 4 to 12 seeds (usually 6-8) that are 0.12 to 0.25 inch long [33,38,44]. The cones of J. f. var. flaccida contain from 4 to 13 (usually 6-10) seeds [15]. Drooping juniper cones collected by Adams [2] in the Chisos Mountains averaged 8.35 seeds/cone.

Toxicity: The leaves of J. f. var. flaccida and J. f. var. poblana contain volatile oils [1,3]. The composition of volatile leaf oils in both varieties is available [3].

bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 2007. Juniperus flaccida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/tree/junfla/all.html

Distribution ( İngilizce )

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Drooping juniper occurs in the United States only in the Chisos Mountains of Big Bend National Park in Brewster County, Texas [14,15,20,21,33,37,44]. The major portion of its range is in Mexico and extends from Chihuahua and northeastern Sonora south to Oaxaca and Guatemala [14,27,27,33,37,38,44,48]. Drooping juniper is the most common juniper in Mexico [33]. Juniperus flaccida var. flaccida occurs from Big Bend National Park south into Coahuila and Oaxaca and westward to Sonora and Jalisco [3,15,47,48]. Juniperus flaccida var. martinezii is found only in Jalisco [14]. Juniperus flaccida var. poblana occurs from Jalisco eastward to Oaxaca [3,47]. The U.S. Geological Survey provides a distributional map of drooping juniper and its infrataxa.
bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 2007. Juniperus flaccida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/tree/junfla/all.html

Fire Ecology ( İngilizce )

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More info for the terms: fire frequency, fire interval, fire regime, frequency, mean fire interval, woodland

Fire adaptations: Specific information on the fire ecology of drooping juniper is lacking. Other junipers (Juniperus spp.) are highly vulnerable to fire, and usually occur in large numbers only in fire refugia.

FIRE REGIMES: Fire is a common occurrence where drooping juniper occurs in the Chisos Mountains. Dick-Peddie and Alberico [10] reported that lightning fires are probably highly localized, and are often confined to single trees. Downed woody fuels are usually scarce, and continuous fine fuels consist of herbs [10]. Using fire scar data, Moir [30] assessed that fire frequency in the Chisos Mountains ranged from 0.9 to 2.0 fires/century. The research conducted by Moir suggests a mean fire interval for the Chisos Mountains of approximately 70 years [29,30]. Research conducted by Leopold and Krausman [26] in the Chisos Mountains showed a mean fire interval of 60 years.

The following table provides fire-return intervals for plant communities and ecosystems where drooping juniper is important. Find fire regime information for the plant communities in which this species may occur by entering the species name in the FEIS home page under "Find FIRE REGIMES".

Community or Ecosystem Dominant Species Fire Return Interval Range (years) desert grasslands Bouteloua eriopoda and/or Pleuraphis mutica <35 to <100 pinyon-juniper Pinus-Juniperus spp. <35 [31] Mexican pinyon Pinus cembroides 20-70 [30,40] oak-juniper woodland (Southwest) Quercus-Juniperus spp. <35 to <200 [31]
bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 2007. Juniperus flaccida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/tree/junfla/all.html

Fire Management Considerations ( İngilizce )

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Information pertaining to managing drooping juniper with fire is lacking. Research is needed in all aspects of fire ecology and management of dropping juniper.
bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 2007. Juniperus flaccida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/tree/junfla/all.html

Growth Form (according to Raunkiær Life-form classification) ( İngilizce )

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More info on this topic.

More info for the term: phanerophyte

RAUNKIAER [34] LIFE FORM:
Phanerophyte
bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 2007. Juniperus flaccida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/tree/junfla/all.html

Habitat characteristics ( İngilizce )

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Drooping juniper occurs on dry, rocky or sandy, igneous soils in canyons, benches, hillsides, and ridges [12,32,33,37,38]. It preferentially grows on well-drained sites [42].

Climate: Where drooping juniper grows in the Chisos Mountains, precipitation ranges from 8.7 to 27 inches (220-680 mm), with most falling from May to October [26,45]. It rarely freezes, and summer temperatures routinely exceed 100 °F (40 °C) [26].

Elevation: In the Chisos Mountains, drooping juniper generally is found above 5,000 feet (2,000 m) [37]. In Mexico, it occurs from 4,000 to 8,000 feet (1,000-2,000 m) [3,44]. The elevational range of J. f. var. flaccida in Texas and Mexico is 3,000 to 9,500 feet (900-2,900 m) [15].

bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 2007. Juniperus flaccida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/tree/junfla/all.html

Habitat: Cover Types ( İngilizce )

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More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in association with the following cover types (as classified by the Society of American Foresters):

More info for the term: cover

SAF COVER TYPES [13]:




239 Pinyon-juniper

241 Western live oak
bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 2007. Juniperus flaccida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/tree/junfla/all.html

Habitat: Ecosystem ( İngilizce )

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More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in the following ecosystem types (as named by the U.S. Forest Service in their Forest and Range Ecosystem [FRES] Type classification):

ECOSYSTEMS [17]:




FRES35 Pinyon-juniper

FRES40 Desert grasslands
bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 2007. Juniperus flaccida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/tree/junfla/all.html

Habitat: Plant Associations ( İngilizce )

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More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in association with the following plant community types (as classified by Küchler 1964):

More info for the term: woodland

KUCHLER [24] PLANT ASSOCIATIONS:




K031 Oak-juniper woodland

K054 Grama-tobosa prairie
bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 2007. Juniperus flaccida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/tree/junfla/all.html

Habitat: Rangeland Cover Types ( İngilizce )

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More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in association with the following Rangeland Cover Types (as classified by the Society for Range Management, SRM):

More info for the term: cover

SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES [36]:




504 Juniper-pinyon pine woodland
bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 2007. Juniperus flaccida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/tree/junfla/all.html

Immediate Effect of Fire ( İngilizce )

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More info for the terms: fire severity, severity

Specific information on the relationship of fire severity and damage to drooping juniper is lacking. Drooping juniper has shreddy bark and volatile leaf oils which probably render it highly flammable. It is probably easily killed by fire.
bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 2007. Juniperus flaccida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/tree/junfla/all.html

Importance to Livestock and Wildlife ( İngilizce )

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More info for the term: cover

Very little is known about the importance of drooping juniper to livestock and wildlife. birds and mammals consume drooping juniper's fleshy cones [45,48]. Arizona gray foxes in the Sierra Madres of Chihuahua, Mexico, also eat the cones [23].

Palatability/nutritional value: No information is available on this topic.

Cover value: No information is available on this topic.

bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 2007. Juniperus flaccida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/tree/junfla/all.html

Key Plant Community Associations ( İngilizce )

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More info for the terms: shrub, tree

In the Chisos Mountains, drooping juniper occurs in moist woodlands, pine-oak
(Pinus-Quercus ssp.) woodlands, and oak scrub.
Species other than those listed above with which drooping juniper occurs with include
the tree species Mexican pinyon (P. cembroides), Grave's oak (Q. gravesii), gray
oak (Q. grisea), Emory oak (Q. emoryi), alligator juniper (J.
deppeana), Texas madrone (Arbutus xalapensis), and bigtooth maple
(Acer grandidentatum); the shrub species Wright silktassel (Garrya wrightii),
mountain sage (Salvia regla), fragrant sumac (Rhus
aromatica), Harvard's century plant (Agave havardiana), foothill beargrass (Nolina
erumpens), dwarf oak (Q. intricata), featherplume (Dalea formosa),
and damianita (Chrysactinia mexicana); and the grass species pinyon ricegrass (Piptochaetium
fimbriatum), Mediterranean lovegrass (Eragrostis
barrelieri), bullgrass (Muhlenberis emersleyi), sideoats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula),
and Big Bend bluegrass (Poa strictiramea) [1,10,29,32,45].
bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 2007. Juniperus flaccida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/tree/junfla/all.html

Life Form ( İngilizce )

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More info for the terms: shrub, tree

Tree-shrub
bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 2007. Juniperus flaccida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/tree/junfla/all.html

Management considerations ( İngilizce )

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Parasites:
Drooping juniper is a host species to juniper mistletoe (Phoradendron juniperinum)
and P. saltillense [18].
bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 2007. Juniperus flaccida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/tree/junfla/all.html

Other uses and values ( İngilizce )

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Drooping juniper is planted as an ornamental outside of its native range in the United States and in southern Europe and northern Africa [37,44].

Wood Products: Drooping juniper wood is durable and is used locally for fenceposts [42,44].

bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 2007. Juniperus flaccida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/tree/junfla/all.html

Phenology ( İngilizce )

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More info on this topic.

Some researchers report that drooping juniper cones mature in September or October of their second year [37,42,44] and are persistent [42]. However, Flora of North America [15] reports a 1-year ripening period for drooping juniper.
bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 2007. Juniperus flaccida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/tree/junfla/all.html

Plant Response to Fire ( İngilizce )

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Information pertaining to drooping juniper's response to fire is lacking. Research on drooping juniper's response to fire is needed.
bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 2007. Juniperus flaccida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/tree/junfla/all.html

Post-fire Regeneration ( İngilizce )

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More info for the terms: adventitious, tree

POSTFIRE REGENERATION STRATEGY [39]:
Tree without adventitious bud/root crown
bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 2007. Juniperus flaccida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/tree/junfla/all.html

Regeneration Processes ( İngilizce )

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More info for the terms: dioecious, seed

Large seed crops are produced every 2 to 3 years, with light crops produced in intervening years [12]. The widespread distribution of drooping juniper in Mexico is probably partly due to the number of seeds/cone, which is "large" when compared to other junipers [48].

Pollination: Drooping juniper is pollinated by the wind.

Breeding system: Drooping juniper is dioecious [42,43,44].

Seed dispersal: Drooping juniper seeds are dispersed by birds and animals [48].

At the time of this review (2007) there is no information relating to drooping juniper seed banking, production, or germination; seedling establishment or growth; or vegetative regeneration. Research on drooping juniper reproduction is sorely needed.

bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 2007. Juniperus flaccida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/tree/junfla/all.html

Regional Distribution in the Western United States ( İngilizce )

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More info on this topic.

This species can be found in the following regions of the western United States (according to the Bureau of Land Management classification of Physiographic Regions of the western United States):

BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS [9]:




13 Rocky Mountain Piedmont
bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 2007. Juniperus flaccida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/tree/junfla/all.html

States or Provinces ( İngilizce )

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(key to state/province abbreviations)
United States TX
Mexico Chih. Coah. Jal. Mich. Mor. N.L. Oax. Pue. Son. Tamps. Zac.
bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 2007. Juniperus flaccida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/tree/junfla/all.html

Successional Status ( İngilizce )

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More info on this topic.

More info for the term: succession

At the time of this review (2007), there is no information on the successional status of drooping juniper. Information pertaining to drooping juniper succession is much needed.
bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 2007. Juniperus flaccida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/tree/junfla/all.html

Synonyms ( İngilizce )

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Juniperus flaccida var. gigantea (Roezl) Gaussen

Juniperus gigantea Roezl p.p.

Juniperus gracilis Endl. [21]
bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 2007. Juniperus flaccida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/tree/junfla/all.html

Taxonomy ( İngilizce )

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The scientific name of drooping juniper is Juniperus flaccida
Schlecht. (Cupressaceae) [14,15,20,21,33,37]. There are 3 recognized varieties:

Juniperus flaccida var. flaccida Schlecht. [14,15]

Juniperus flaccida var. martinezii (Pérez de la Rosa) Silba

Juniperus flaccida var. poblana Martinez [14]

bibliyografik atıf
Sullivan, Janet. 2007. Juniperus flaccida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/tree/junfla/all.html

Physical Description ( İngilizce )

USDA PLANTS text tarafından sağlandı
Tree, Evergreen, Dioecious, Habit erect, Trees without or rarely having knees, Tree with bark shaggy or peeling, Young shoots in flat sprays, Young shoots 3-dimensional, Buds not resinous, Leaves scale-like, Whip leaves present, Leaves of two kinds, Leaves opposite, Leaves whorled, Non-needle-like leaf margins entire, Leaf apex acute, Leaf apex obtuse, Leaves < 5 cm long, Leaves < 10 cm long, Leaves not blue-green, Scale leaves without raised glands, Scale leaf glands not ruptured, Scale leaves overlapping, Whip leaf margins entire under magnification, Twigs glabrous, Twigs not viscid, Twigs without peg-like projections or large fascicles after needles fall, Aril leathery, Aril soft, Berry-like cones pink, Bracts of seed cone included, Seeds tan, Seeds brown, Seeds wingless.
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Stephen C. Meyers
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Aaron Liston
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Steffi Ickert-Bond
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Damon Little

Juniperus flaccida ( Azerice )

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Juniperus flaccida (lat. Juniperus flaccida) — sərvkimilər fəsiləsinin ardıc cinsinə aid bitki növü.

Mənbə

Xarici keçidlər

Blue Pine (Pinus wallichiana) at Bhandakthathaatch (8000 ft) I IMG 7363.jpg İynəyarpaqlılar ilə əlaqədar bu məqalə qaralama halındadır. Məqaləni redaktə edərək Vikipediyanı zənginləşdirin. Etdiyiniz redaktələri mənbə və istinadlarla əsaslandırmağı unutmayın.
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Juniperus flaccida: Brief Summary ( Azerice )

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Juniperus flaccida (lat. Juniperus flaccida) — sərvkimilər fəsiləsinin ardıc cinsinə aid bitki növü.

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Juniperus flaccida ( Almanca )

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Juniperus flaccida ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Familie der Zypressengewächse (Cupressaceae). Sie kommt in den südlichen USA sowie in Mexiko vor.

Beschreibung

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Zweig mit Nadeln

Juniperus flaccida wächst als immergrüner Strauch oder Baum der Wuchshöhen von bis zu 12, in Ausnahmefällen bis zu 17 Meter und Brusthöhendurchmesser von bis zu 82 Zentimeter erreichen kann. Der Stamm verzweigt sich 1 bis 2 Meter über dem Boden. Die Äste gehen genauso wie die 0,5 bis 1 Zentimeter dicken Zweige hängend vom Stamm ab und bilden eine kugelige bis breit kegelförmige Krone. Die graue bis zimt- oder rotbraune Borke blättert in breiten, faserigen Streifen ab. Die glatte, graue Rinde der Äste und Zweige kann in breiten Streifen oder Platten abblättern.[1]

Die Art bildet zwei verschiedene Formen von gegenständig angeordneten Blättern aus. Die herablaufenden Nadeln werden 4 bis 6 Millimeter lang und sind an der Oberseite nicht bereift. Die schuppenförmigen Blätter sind bei einer Länge von 1,5 bis 2,5 Millimeter und einer Breite von 1 bis 1,5 Millimeter eiförmig bis länglich-eiförmig geformt. Sie haben eine abgerundete oder spitz zulaufenden Spitze und überlappen sich gegenseitig zu einem Fünftel bis zu einem Viertel ihrer Länge. Alle Blattformen sind grün gefärbt, länglich geformt, haben fein gezahnte Blattränder, wobei die Zähnung erst unter dem Mikroskop erkennbar ist. Weiters weisen sie an der Blattunterseite eine Drüse auf.[1]

Juniperus flaccida ist zweihäusig-getrenntgeschlechtig (diözisch) und die Blütezeit erstreckt sich vom späten Winter bis in den späten Frühling. Die Beerenzapfen sind bei einem Durchmesser von 0,5 bis 2 Zentimeter kugelig geformt und haben einen geraden oder gebogenen Stiel. Zur Reife hin verholzen sie und sind hellbraun bis bräunlich purpur gefärbt und bereift. Jeder Zapfen trägt 1 bis 13 Samen welche 3 bis 6 Millimeter lang und 3 bis 4 Millimeter breit werden.[1]

Verbreitung und Standort

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Verbreitungsgebiet

Das natürliche Verbreitungsgebiet von Juniperus flaccida umfasst fast ganz Mexiko sowie Texas.[1]

Juniperus flaccida gedeiht in Höhenlagen von 900 bis 2900 Metern.[2]

Systematik

Die Erstbeschreibung als Juniperus flaccida erfolgte 1838 durch Diederich Franz Leonhard von Schlechtendal in Linnaea, Band 12, Seite 495. Synonyme für Juniperus flaccida Schltdl. sind Juniperus foetida var. flaccida (Schltdl.) Spach und Sabina flaccida (Schltdl.) Antoine.[3]

Die Art wird in bis zu vier Varietäten unterteilt:[3]

  • Juniperus flaccida var. flaccida ist die Nominatform und kommt fast im gesamten Verbreitungsgebiet vor.[1]
  • Juniperus flaccida var. gigantea (Schltdl.) Gaussen
  • Juniperus flaccida var. martinezii (Pérez de la Rosa) Silba kommt nur in kleinen Beständen in den mexikanischen Bundesstaaten Aguascalientes, Guanajuato, Jalisco, San Luis Potosí und Veracruz vor. Ein Synonym ist Juniperus martinezii Pérez de la Rosa.[1]
  • Juniperus flaccida var. poblana Martínez kommt im südlichen Mexiko vor.[1] Sie wird von manchen Autoren auch als eigenständige Art Juniperus poblana (Martínez) R.P.Adams angesehen.[4][5]

Gefährdung und Schutz

Juniperus flaccida wird in der Roten Liste der IUCN als „nicht gefährdet“ geführt. Die Varietät martinezii wird als "gering gefährdet" gelistet. Es wird jedoch darauf hingewiesen das eine erneute Überprüfung der Gefährdung notwendig ist.[6]

Quellen

  • Christopher J. Earle: Juniperus flaccida. In: The Gymnosperm Database. www.conifers.org, 12. Dezember 2010, abgerufen am 19. Juli 2012 (englisch).
  • Frank D. Watson, James E. Eckenwalder: Cupressaceae. Juniperus. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Hrsg.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. Volume 2. Oxford University Press, New York u. a. 1993, ISBN 0-19-508242-7, Juniperus flaccida var. flaccida (englisch, Juniperus flaccida var. flaccida – Online – dieses Werk ist textgleich Online).

Einzelnachweise

  1. a b c d e f g Christopher J. Earle: Juniperus flaccida. In: The Gymnosperm Database. www.conifers.org, 12. Dezember 2010, abgerufen am 19. Juli 2012 (englisch).
  2. Frank D. Watson, James E. Eckenwalder: Cupressaceae. Juniperus. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Hrsg.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. Volume 2. Oxford University Press, New York u. a. 1993, ISBN 0-19-508242-7, Juniperus flaccida var. flaccida (englisch, Juniperus flaccida var. flaccida – Online – dieses Werk ist textgleich Online).
  3. a b Juniperus flaccida bei Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis Abgerufen am 19. Juli 2012.
  4. Juniperus poblana. In: The Plant List. www.theplantlist.org, abgerufen am 19. Juli 2012 (englisch).
  5. Rafaël Govaerts (Hrsg.): Juniperus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) – The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, abgerufen am 28. März 2019.
  6. Juniperus flaccida in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN 2012. Eingestellt von: Conifer Specialist Group, 1998. Abgerufen am 14. Juli 2012.

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Juniperus flaccida: Brief Summary ( Almanca )

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Juniperus flaccida ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Familie der Zypressengewächse (Cupressaceae). Sie kommt in den südlichen USA sowie in Mexiko vor.

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Juniperus flaccida ( Udmurtça )

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Juniperus flaccida (лат. Juniperus flaccida ) – Cupressaceae семьяысь шор но уйпал Мексикаын но Америкалэн Огазеяськем Штатъёсаз будӥсь сусыпу. Ӝуждалаез ог 5-10 м.

Вариететъёс

  • Juniperus flaccida var. flaccida
  • Juniperus flaccida var. martinezii
  • Juniperus flaccida var. poblana
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Juniperus flaccida: Brief Summary ( Udmurtça )

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Juniperus flaccida (лат. Juniperus flaccida ) – Cupressaceae семьяысь шор но уйпал Мексикаын но Америкалэн Огазеяськем Штатъёсаз будӥсь сусыпу. Ӝуждалаез ог 5-10 м.

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Juniperus flaccida ( İngilizce )

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Juniperus flaccida (drooping juniper, weeping juniper or Mexican juniper; Native American names include tláscal) is a large shrub or small tree reaching 5–10 metres (16–33 feet) (rarely to 15 m) tall. It is native to central and northern Mexico (from Oaxaca northward) and the extreme southwest of Texas, United States (Brewster County). It grows at moderate altitudes of 800–2,600 metres (2,600–8,500 feet), on dry soils.

The bark is brown, with stringy vertical fissuring. The shoots are strongly pendulous, 1–1.2 mm diameter, and often borne in flattened sprays (the only juniper commonly showing this character). The leaves are arranged in opposite decussate pairs; the adult leaves are scale-like, 2–4 mm long (to 7 mm on lead shoots) and 1–1.5 mm broad. The juvenile leaves (on young seedlings only) are needle-like, 5–10 mm long. The cones are berry-like, 8–20 mm in diameter, green maturing brown, and contain 6-12 seeds (the most seeds per cone of any juniper); they are mature in about 18 months. The male cones are 3–5 mm long, and shed their pollen in spring. It is largely dioecious, producing cones of only one sex on each tree.

There are three varieties, not accepted as distinct by all authorities:

  • Juniperus flaccida var. flaccida. Throughout the range of the species. Cones 9–15 mm diameter, with inconspicuous scale margins.
  • Juniperus flaccida var. martinezii. Restricted to a small area in Jalisco. Cones 6–8 mm diameter, with inconspicuous scale margins.
  • Juniperus flaccida var. poblana. Throughout the southern two thirds of the range of the species. Cones 12–20 mm diameter, with conspicuous scale margins.

References

  1. ^ Farjon, A. (2013). "Juniperus flaccida". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T42233A2964906. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42233A2964906.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.

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Juniperus flaccida: Brief Summary ( İngilizce )

wikipedia EN tarafından sağlandı

Juniperus flaccida (drooping juniper, weeping juniper or Mexican juniper; Native American names include tláscal) is a large shrub or small tree reaching 5–10 metres (16–33 feet) (rarely to 15 m) tall. It is native to central and northern Mexico (from Oaxaca northward) and the extreme southwest of Texas, United States (Brewster County). It grows at moderate altitudes of 800–2,600 metres (2,600–8,500 feet), on dry soils.

The bark is brown, with stringy vertical fissuring. The shoots are strongly pendulous, 1–1.2 mm diameter, and often borne in flattened sprays (the only juniper commonly showing this character). The leaves are arranged in opposite decussate pairs; the adult leaves are scale-like, 2–4 mm long (to 7 mm on lead shoots) and 1–1.5 mm broad. The juvenile leaves (on young seedlings only) are needle-like, 5–10 mm long. The cones are berry-like, 8–20 mm in diameter, green maturing brown, and contain 6-12 seeds (the most seeds per cone of any juniper); they are mature in about 18 months. The male cones are 3–5 mm long, and shed their pollen in spring. It is largely dioecious, producing cones of only one sex on each tree.

There are three varieties, not accepted as distinct by all authorities:

Juniperus flaccida var. flaccida. Throughout the range of the species. Cones 9–15 mm diameter, with inconspicuous scale margins. Juniperus flaccida var. martinezii. Restricted to a small area in Jalisco. Cones 6–8 mm diameter, with inconspicuous scale margins. Juniperus flaccida var. poblana. Throughout the southern two thirds of the range of the species. Cones 12–20 mm diameter, with conspicuous scale margins.
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Juniperus flaccida ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

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El enebro, cedrillo o cedro colorado (Juniperus flaccida) es árbol perteneciente a la familia Cupressaceae.

Clasificación y descripción

Árbol o arbusto pequeños de 5 hasta 12 metros de altura, cuyo tronco se ramifica frecuentemente a una altura de 1 a 2 m y con un diámetro de 25 a 50 cm. Copa de forma globosa de hasta 10 m de ancho. Corteza, profundamente fisurada, con placas fibrosas entrelazada de color grisáceas en su exterior y café rojizas en su interior, dividida en tiras longitudinales. Ramas, extendidas formando una copa redondeada e irregular, las ramas que son secundarias por lo general péndulas y fláccidas, con un sistema terminal de ramas foliosas, dispuestas en dos filas verticales opuestas. Hojas, opuestas, con los ápices pegados al tallo y sin punta, el margen irregularmente dentado. Inflorescencia masculinas oblongas, tetrágonas, de 2.5 mm de largo, de color amarillo, levemente violáceo o rosado, formadas por 16 escamas dispuestas por pares; inflorescencias femeninas constituidas por 8 escamas opuestas, de color blanquecino con tinte azulado. Microstróbilos (conos productores de polen), son oblongos, escamas tetrágonas, de color amarillo, violáceos o rosados, de 2,5 mm, formados por 16 escamas dispuestas por pares, anchamente ovoides que albergan 4 sacos polínicos. Megastróbilos, ya maduros lisos de 8-20 cm de diámetro, suave, con una pulpa fibroso-resinosa, de color canela hasta moreno rojizo, con una ligera cubierta de pelusilla blanquecina, endurecido al secarse debido a la resina cementante de la pulpa. Semillas de 6 a 8, hasta 13 por megastróbilo, a menudo irregularmente anguladas de 5-6 mm de largo, de color amarillento o café claro.[1][2][3]

Distribución

Es una especie nativa de México. Se localiza en el sur de Estados Unidos hasta el sur de México. En nuestro país, se distribuye en los estados de: Sonora, Sinaloa, Chihuahua, Nuevo León, Coahuila, Durango, Tamaulipas, Nayarit, Guanajuato, San Luis Potosí, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Morelos, Estado de México, Puebla, Michoacán y Oaxaca.[3][2]

Ambiente

Es una especie que crece y se desarrolla laderas secas, áridas, abiertas o con vegetación en barrancas, de suelos calizos muy asociada con algunas especies de pinos. En algunos sitios forman rodales exclusivos de junípero, sobre todo en altitudes de 1800 msnm. También se asocia a bosques de encino en un rango altitudinal entre los 1300 – 2500 msnm, prospera en suelos generalmente pobres, rocosos y calichosos.[4]​ En bosques de pino encino es común encontrarlo entre 1000 – 2500 msnm, en estas altitudes la precipitación fluctúa a entre los 600 y 2000 mm anuales, y es adaptable a variaciones de temperatura entre -6 y 30° C. Es frecuente en los bosques perturbados de Pinus y Quercus templados y subtropicales, palmares de B. dulcis y selva baja con cactáceas columnares.[1]

Estado de conservación

Es una especie de gran demanda para la elaboración de muebles y artesanías debido a su color rojizo, veteado suave y aroma agradable. Además, la madera presenta textura fina e hilo recto, características que le confieren diversos usos potenciales.[5]​ En México, la extracción intensiva de madera en bosques de J. fláccida, y el apacentamiento de ganado bovino en sus áreas de distribución natural, han ocasionado diversos cambios en su estructura poblacional, así como en su supervivencia, crecimiento y reproducción.[6]​ Sin embargo, en el estado de Guerrero realizó un estudio para evaluar el efecto de las actividades anteriores, y, en el nivel que sucede, no representa un riesgo aparente para la viabilidad poblacional de la especie Sin embargo, el escaso conocimiento de los efectos de estas perturbaciones, es una limitante para el diseño y puesta en práctica de alternativas de aprovechamiento, manejo y conservación en toda su área de distribución natural.[6]​ En México no se encuentra en ninguna categoría de protección de la NOM059. Tampoco está en alguna categoría en la lista roja de la IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature). Ni en CITES (Convención sobre el Comercio Internacional de Especies Amenazadas de Fauna y Flora Silvestres).

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Juniperus flaccida: Brief Summary ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

wikipedia ES tarafından sağlandı

El enebro, cedrillo o cedro colorado (Juniperus flaccida) es árbol perteneciente a la familia Cupressaceae.

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Juniperus flaccida ( Norveççe )

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Juniperus flaccida Juniperus flaccida Vitenskapelig(e)
navn
: Juniperus flaccida Norsk(e) navn: — Biologisk klassifikasjon: Rike: Planteriket Divisjon: Karplanter Klasse: Nakenfrøede planter Orden: Bartrær Familie: Sypressfamilien Slekt: Juniperus IUCNs rødliste: livskraftig

Juniperus flaccida eller «Mexican Weeping Juniper» er en art av bartrær som tilhører einerslekten Juniperus i sypressfamilien. Den vokser på 800-2.700 meters høyde i Mexico og i det sørvestre og midtre USA opp til Arizona, New Mexico, og Texas. Det er mulig den krysses med Juniperus deppeana var. sperryi i vestre Texas.

Arten har vertikalt strimlete bark, er inntil 5-13 meter høy og tåler tørke. Grenene henger tydelig nedover. Den har grå-grønne, skjellaktige nåler inntil 2–6 mm lange. Unge nåler er inntil 10 mm lange. Den er oftest særbu med hann- og hunnblomster på ulike individer. Bærkonglene modner på 18 måneder til et brun, 8–20 mm stort bær med 6-12 frø. Hannkonglene er 3–5 mm store og sprer sitt pollen om våren.

Varianter omfatter:

  • Juniperus flaccida var. flaccida. Hele utbredelsesområdet, bær 9–15 mm store.
  • Juniperus flaccida var. martinezii. Vokser kun i Jalisco i Mexico, bær 6–8 mm store.
  • Juniperus flaccida var. poblana. Sørlige to tredjedeler av utbredelsesområdet, bær 12–20 mm store.

Eksterne lenker

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Juniperus flaccida: Brief Summary ( Norveççe )

wikipedia NO tarafından sağlandı

Juniperus flaccida eller «Mexican Weeping Juniper» er en art av bartrær som tilhører einerslekten Juniperus i sypressfamilien. Den vokser på 800-2.700 meters høyde i Mexico og i det sørvestre og midtre USA opp til Arizona, New Mexico, og Texas. Det er mulig den krysses med Juniperus deppeana var. sperryi i vestre Texas.

Arten har vertikalt strimlete bark, er inntil 5-13 meter høy og tåler tørke. Grenene henger tydelig nedover. Den har grå-grønne, skjellaktige nåler inntil 2–6 mm lange. Unge nåler er inntil 10 mm lange. Den er oftest særbu med hann- og hunnblomster på ulike individer. Bærkonglene modner på 18 måneder til et brun, 8–20 mm stort bær med 6-12 frø. Hannkonglene er 3–5 mm store og sprer sitt pollen om våren.

Varianter omfatter:

Juniperus flaccida var. flaccida. Hele utbredelsesområdet, bær 9–15 mm store. Juniperus flaccida var. martinezii. Vokser kun i Jalisco i Mexico, bær 6–8 mm store. Juniperus flaccida var. poblana. Sørlige to tredjedeler av utbredelsesområdet, bær 12–20 mm store.
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Juniperus flaccida ( Ukraynaca )

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Поширення, екологія

Країни зростання: Мексика (Чіуауа, Коауїла, Дуранго, Гуанахуато, Герреро, Ідальго, Халіско, Мексика Держава, Мічоакан, Морелос, Нуево-Леон, Оахака, Пуебла, Керетаро, Сан-Луїс-Потосі, Сонора, Тамауліпас, Тлакскала, Сакатекас); США (Техас). Зустрічається в гірському ялівцевому рідколіссі, сосново-дубовому лісі й рідколіссі, дубовому рідколіссі, з Pinus cembroides, Pinus, Juniperus deppeana, Juniperus saltillensis, Quercus, Fraxinus, Arbutus, мімозні бобові, Yucca і т. д., на вапнякових або інших породах, включаючи кременисті (гранітні) породи. Висотний діапазон становить від 800 м до 2600 м над рівнем моря.

Морфологія

Дводомні дерева або чагарники до 12 м заввишки, стовбури розгалужуються на 1-2 м над основою, крона куляста. Кора від корицевого до червоно-коричневого або від сірого до червоно-коричневого кольору, розлущується на широкі переплетені волокнисті смуги. Гілки пониклі. Листки зелені; низхідні листки 4-6 мм, не тьмяні зверху; лускаті листки, вершина від округлої до загостреної. Шишки зріють 1 рік, кулясті, 5-20 мм, від жовто-коричневого до коричнево-фіолетового кольору при дозріванні, тьмяні, з 1-13 насінням 5-6 мм довжиною.

Використання

Використання не зафіксовано для цього виду; деревина може локально слугувати паливом або використовуватися для стовпів.

Загрози та охорона

Ніяких конкретних загроз не було визначено для цього виду. Цей вид присутній у кількох ПОТ (в США в англ. Big Bend National Park).

Посилання


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Juniperus flaccida ( Vietnamca )

wikipedia VI tarafından sağlandı

Juniperus flaccida là một loài thực vật hạt trần trong họ Cupressaceae. Loài này được Schltdl. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1838.[1]

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Juniperus flaccida. Truy cập ngày 28 tháng 5 năm 2014.

Liên kết ngoài


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Juniperus flaccida: Brief Summary ( Vietnamca )

wikipedia VI tarafından sağlandı

Juniperus flaccida là một loài thực vật hạt trần trong họ Cupressaceae. Loài này được Schltdl. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1838.

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