dcsimg

Biology ( İngilizce )

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From mid-winter onwards pairs begin to move to their nesting territories, which are fiercely defended against other pairs, with nesting beginning in September and carrying through to the end of February (2) (3). Up to three well-camouflaged eggs are laid in a scrape in the sand (3), which are then incubated by both the male and female for around 30 days (2). The parents will commonly try to distract potential predators away from the nest by pretending to be injured, but if the eggs are lost, the birds will re-nest, two or three times if necessary (2) (3). Chicks are quite active soon after hatching and can fly at six to seven weeks (3). Young proceed to stay close to their natal site for the first 12 to 18 months of their lives, but subsequently disperse quite widely, and begin breeding at two years (2) (3). The oldest recorded bird lived to 31 years of age (4). In late February, the birds leave their breeding sites to congregate in flocks at estuaries for the autumn and early winter (2) (3). These flocks, which can number up to 150 birds, allow birds that have lost partners during the breeding season to find new ones and young birds to pair for the first time (3). The New Zealand dotterel feeds on terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates, although small fish, crabs and sandhoppers are also sometimes taken (6).
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Conservation ( İngilizce )

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In 1993, the New Zealand Government's Department of Conservation published a national recovery plan for the New Zealand dotterel, and management initiatives were implemented (3). On the North Island, trapping of potential predators, gull control, and the implementation of signs and wardens to reduce human disturbance have all helped improve breeding success (4). Control of cats and rodents in four important breeding sites on Stewart Island has also helped increase survival in southern New Zealand dotterel populations, which thankfully appear to be growing (4) (5). Captive breeding trials with the more abundant northern New Zealand dotterel have been undertaken, partially as an experiment to see if individuals breed well, in case such a programme should be needed in the future to bolster the low numbers of wild southern New Zealand dotterels. Chicks have been raised successfully in these trials, highlighting captive breeding as a viable means of preserving the survival of the species should such methods ever be needed (4).
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Description ( İngilizce )

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The New Zealand dotterel is the largest bird of its genus, recognised by its predominantly grey-brown upperparts and off-white underparts, which becomes flushed with rusty-orange during the breeding season (3) (4). Males can be distinguished from females by having a slightly redder breast for much of the year. The dark feathers of the back have paler edges, giving a scaled appearance, and a distinctive brown line extends in front and behind the dark brown eyes (3) (4). This cryptic colouration camouflages the New Zealand dotterel against the sand, shells and dune vegetation of its environment. Thus, its distinctive 'chip-chip' call can often be heard before the bird is seen (3) (4).
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Habitat ( İngilizce )

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Breeding habitat includes wide ocean beaches, estuaries and harbours with tidal mudflats on the North Island, and inland hilltops and open bog or tussock-grasslands on Stewart Island (4).
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Range ( İngilizce )

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Endemic to New Zealand, this bird is divided into two subspecies with distinct ranges. The southern New Zealand dotterel (C. o. obscurus) is restricted when breeding to Stewart Island, but formerly also inhabited the South Island (4). The remaining population on Stewart Island has declined by as much as 80 percent in the last 40 years. The population is, however, thought to be currently increasing, having gone from just 62 birds in 1991 to 1992 to around 250 in 2005 (4) (5). The northern New Zealand dotterel (C. o. aquilonius) breeds at the northern end of the North Island, with a total population of 1,700 estimated in 2004 (4) (5).
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Status ( İngilizce )

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Classified as Endangered (EN) on the IUCN Red List 2007 (1).
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Threats ( İngilizce )

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Extinction of the New Zealand dotterel on the South Island was primarily caused by introduced predators (4), with the principle predators being hedgehogs, stoats, weasels, gulls, hawks, rats, cats and dogs (2). Feral cats and rats caused a rapid decline on Stewart Island (4) (5), and predation remains the greatest threat on the North Island (4). Habitat loss and human disturbance during breeding have also had a dramatic impact on populations and continue to pose serious threats (3). In particular, housing, industrial and tourism developments on the North Island, combined with encroachment of dune-stabilising weeds, have reduced habitat (4). Growing recreational use of the coastline is also set to increasingly impact on breeding, roosting and feeding habitats (5). Indeed, four-wheel drive vehicles, picnickers and dogs can trample and disturb nests or draw defensive adults away from incubating their eggs (2). Additionally, storms and very high tides can destroy nests (4) (6), and very few young survive to fledging age (2).
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Nouelig Zeland-Nevez ( Bretonca )

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An nouelig Zeland-Nevez(Daveoù a vank) a zo ur spesad evned bihan, Charadrius obscurus an anv skiantel anezhañ.

Doareoù pennañ

 src=
Charadrius obscurus,
treset gant Hullmandel (1844).


Boued

Annez hag isspesadoù

Ar spesad emañ brosezat an daou isspesad anezhañ[1] e Zeland-Nevez :

ma vez graet "kūkuruatu", "pukunui" ha "tūturiwhatu" anezhañ e maorieg.

Liammoù diavaez


Commons
Muioc'h a restroù diwar-benn

a vo kavet e Wikimedia Commons.

Notennoù ha daveennoù

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Nouelig Zeland-Nevez: Brief Summary ( Bretonca )

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An nouelig Zeland-Nevez(Daveoù a vank) a zo ur spesad evned bihan, Charadrius obscurus an anv skiantel anezhañ.

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Corriol de l'illa del Sud ( Katalanca; Valensiyaca )

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El corriol de l'illa del Sud (Charadrius obscurus) és un ocell de la família dels caràdrids (Charadriidae) que habita platges i estuaris de Nova Zelanda.

Referències

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Corriol de l'illa del Sud Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata


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Corriol de l'illa del Sud: Brief Summary ( Katalanca; Valensiyaca )

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El corriol de l'illa del Sud (Charadrius obscurus) és un ocell de la família dels caràdrids (Charadriidae) que habita platges i estuaris de Nova Zelanda.

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Cwtiad Seland Newydd ( Galce )

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Aderyn a rhywogaeth o adar yw Cwtiad Seland Newydd (sy'n enw gwrywaidd; enw lluosog: cwtiaid Seland Newydd) a adnabyddir hefyd gyda'i enw gwyddonol Pluvialis obscura; yr enw Saesneg arno yw New Zealand dotterel. Mae'n perthyn i deulu'r Cwtiaid (Lladin: Charadriidae) sydd yn urdd y Charadriiformes.[1]

Talfyrir yr enw Lladin yn aml yn P. obscura, sef enw'r rhywogaeth.[2]

Teulu

Mae'r cwtiad Seland Newydd yn perthyn i deulu'r Cwtiaid (Lladin: Charadriidae). Dyma rai o aelodau eraill y teulu:

Rhestr Wicidata:

rhywogaeth enw tacson delwedd Corgwtiad Aur Pluvialis dominica Corgwtiad aur y Môr Tawel Pluvialis fulva
Pluvialis fulva -Bering Land Bridge National Preserve, Alaska, USA-8.jpg
Cwtiad aur Pluvialis apricaria
Rohkunborri Pluvialis Apricaria.jpg
Cwtiad Caint Charadrius alexandrinus
Kentish Plover Charadrius alexandrinus, India.jpg
Cwtiad gwargoch Charadrius ruficapillus
Charadrius ruficapillus Breeding Plumage.jpg
Cwtiad Llwyd Pluvialis squatarola
Pluvialis squatarola (summer plumage).jpg
Cwtiad Malaysia Charadrius peronii
Charadrius peronii - Laem Pak Bia.jpg
Cwtiad teirtorch Charadrius tricollaris
Charadrius tricollaris -near Sand River Selous, Selous Game Reserve, Tanzania-8.jpg
Cwtiad torchog Charadrius hiaticula
Charadrius hiaticula tundrae Varanger.jpg
Cwtiad torchog bach Charadrius dubius
Charadrius dubius - Laem Pak Bia.jpg
Cwtiad tywod mawr Charadrius leschenaultii
Greater Sand Plover.jpg
Hutan mynydd Charadrius morinellus
Charadrius morinellus male.jpg
Diwedd y rhestr a gynhyrchwyd yn otomatig o Wicidata.

Gweler hefyd

Cyfeiriadau

  1. Gwefan Cymdeithas Edward Llwyd; adalwyd 30 Medi 2016.
  2. Gwefan Avibase; adalwyd 3 Hydref 2016.
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Cwtiad Seland Newydd: Brief Summary ( Galce )

wikipedia CY tarafından sağlandı

Aderyn a rhywogaeth o adar yw Cwtiad Seland Newydd (sy'n enw gwrywaidd; enw lluosog: cwtiaid Seland Newydd) a adnabyddir hefyd gyda'i enw gwyddonol Pluvialis obscura; yr enw Saesneg arno yw New Zealand dotterel. Mae'n perthyn i deulu'r Cwtiaid (Lladin: Charadriidae) sydd yn urdd y Charadriiformes.

Talfyrir yr enw Lladin yn aml yn P. obscura, sef enw'r rhywogaeth.

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Newzealandsk præstekrave ( Danca )

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Newzealandsk præstekrave (Charadrius obscurus) er en vadefugl, der lever på New Zealand (Nordøen og Stewart Island).

Noter

Eksterne henvisninger

Stub
Denne artikel om fugle er kun påbegyndt. Hvis du ved mere om emnet, kan du hjælpe Wikipedia ved at udvide den.
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Newzealandsk præstekrave: Brief Summary ( Danca )

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Newzealandsk præstekrave (Charadrius obscurus) er en vadefugl, der lever på New Zealand (Nordøen og Stewart Island).

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Maoriregenpfeifer ( Almanca )

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Der Maoriregenpfeifer oder Tuturiwhatu (Charadrius obscurus) ist ein Vogel aus der Familie der Regenpfeifer.

Verbreitung und Gefährdung

Die Art kommt in zwei Unterarten auf Neuseeland vor. C. o. obscurus besiedelte früher einen Großteil der Südinsel, brütet heute aber nur noch im Inland von Stewart Island. Die Population zählte 2004 noch etwa 250 Tiere. C. o. aquilonius brütet an der Küste der Nordinsel, vorwiegend nördlich des 39. Breitengrads. Die Population wurde 2004 auf etwa 1700 Tiere geschätzt.

Die Art gilt als gefährdet. Hauptgründe hierfür sind die Lebensraumzerstörung sowie die Störung durch Menschen und eingeführte Arten wie die Hauskatze. 1993 und 2004 wurden vom Neuseeländischen Umweltschutzministerium Schutzprogramme entworfen.

Beschreibung

Der Maoriregenpfeifer ist die größte Art der Gattung Charadrius, ausgewachsene Tiere erreichen eine Körperlänge von 25 cm und ein Gewicht von 130 bis 170 g. Der Rücken des Vogels ist vorwiegend braun, der Bauch ist im Spätsommer und Herbst cremefarben, im Winter und Frühjahr auffällig rot-orange. Der kräftige Schnabel ist schwarz, die Beine sind grau. Die südliche Unterart ist etwas größer.

Fortpflanzung

Der Maoriregenpfeifer nistet von September bis Februar, meist an weiten, gut einsehbaren Stränden. Drei Eier werden in eine wenig ausgearbeitete Grube gelegt und etwas über 30 Tage bebrütet.

Literatur

  • John E. Dowding und Alison M. Davis: New Zealand dotterel (Charadrius obscurus) recovery plan, 2004–14, Science & Technical Publishing, Department of Conservation, Wellington PDF Online (215,9 kB)
  • P. J. Higgins (Hrsg.): Handbook of Australian, New Zealand & Antarctic Birds, Band 2, Raptors to Lapwings, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1993, ISBN 0-19-553069-1.

Weblinks

 src=
– Sammlung von Bildern
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Maoriregenpfeifer: Brief Summary ( Almanca )

wikipedia DE tarafından sağlandı

Der Maoriregenpfeifer oder Tuturiwhatu (Charadrius obscurus) ist ein Vogel aus der Familie der Regenpfeifer.

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Kūkuruatu ( Maorice )

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Ko te Kūkuruatu he manu ki tai nō Aotearoa, he rite ki te Pohowera engari he rahi atu. Ko te uma he mā i te hōtoke, he hāurakaho i te raumati. He ingoa anō tō te manu nei, arā he Pukunui, he Tūturiwhatu rānei.

Ko te ingoa pūtaiao he Charadrius obscurus. Ko te ingoa reo Pākehā he New Zealand Dotterel.

Tirohia hoki

Tohutoro

  • Robertson, C J R. (Etita), 1985. Reader's Digest Complete Book of New Zealand Birds. Poihākena: Reader's Digest.

Hoto ki waho

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Kūkuruatu: Brief Summary ( Maorice )

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Ko te Kūkuruatu he manu ki tai nō Aotearoa, he rite ki te Pohowera engari he rahi atu. Ko te uma he mā i te hōtoke, he hāurakaho i te raumati. He ingoa anō tō te manu nei, arā he Pukunui, he Tūturiwhatu rānei.

Ko te ingoa pūtaiao he Charadrius obscurus. Ko te ingoa reo Pākehā he New Zealand Dotterel.

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New Zealand dotterel ( İngilizce )

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The New Zealand dotterel (Charadrius obscurus) is a species of shorebird found only in certain areas of New Zealand. It is also called the New Zealand plover or red-breasted dotterel, and its Māori names include tūturiwhatu, pukunui, and kūkuruatu.

The southern subspecies of the New Zealand plover is considered critically endangered and was nearing extinction with about 75 individuals remaining in 1990. Conservation measures increased this to 250 by 2005, but a further decline has occurred since 2012 to an estimated 60–80 mature individuals in 2017.

Taxonomy and systematics

The New Zealand dotterel was formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's Systema Naturae. He placed it with the plovers in the genus Charadrius and coined the binomial name Charadrius obscurus.[2] Gmelin's description was based on the "Dusky plover" that had been described in 1785 by the English ornithologist John Latham in his A General Synopsis of Birds.[3] The species had been collected in April 1773 on James Cook's second voyage to the South Pacific at Dusky Sound, South Island, New Zealand.[4] The specific epithet obscurus is Latin meaning "dark" or "dusky".[5]

A 2015 study determined that its closest relatives are two other New Zealand plovers, the wrybill, which was found to be in the Charadrius clade, and the double-banded plover.[6]

Two subspecies are recognised, although a taxonomic review has supported recognition of tentative species status for each of the two populations and this was recognised in the Handbook of the Birds of the World (BirdLife, 2014) and in the conservation listing of the IUCN.[1][7]

Distribution and habitat

New Zealand dotterels are usually found in two disjunct populations in New Zealand, usually on sandy beaches and sand spits or feeding in tidal estuaries. The northern population occurs on the North Island and the southern population occurs at the southern end of the South Island and on Stewart Island/Rakiura.

Behaviour and ecology

Breeding

Parents lay eggs in the spring and summer. They nest on beaches above the high tide mark, and the nest is just a shallow hole dug in the ground. Parents typically lay 2-3 eggs and are replaced if lost. The chicks hatch about 28 days after the eggs have been laid. Because the nests are on the ground, the chicks can walk the day they hatch. They are cared for by their parents but have to find their own food as the adults do not feed them. Parents will often go to great lengths to protect their chicks, as sometimes the parent will pretend to be injured to let the chicks escape, or usher chicks into grass or holes when threatened.[8] They can usually fly within 6–8 weeks

Diet

Dotterels feed on small sand hoppers and insects, however they will sometimes feed on small aquatic creatures like small fish and crabs.[9]

Status

The IUCN, which treats the two subspecies as separate species, rates the northern subspecies as Near Threatened and the southern subspecies as Critically Endangered.[10][7]

The population size of the southerly subspecies had been reduced to about 62 individual birds in 1990 and the first study of the population structure undertaken from 1988 to 1992 indicated their significant decline.[11] Conservation measures were put in place involving the poisoning of feral cats and rats and the population has gradually risen, with about 250 individuals being recorded in 2005. The northerly subspecies has a wider range and its population was about 1300 in 1989. It had recovered to about 1700 individuals by 2004 but only as a result of intensive management. Nesting on beaches, they are vulnerable to disturbance by people and their dogs. Since 2012, there has been a rapid decline in numbers in the southern population, with an estimated 60 to 80 mature individuals in 2017.[7]

The northern subspecies has the conservation status of "Regionally Critical" in the Wellington Region.[12]

In the Hawke's Bay region, the species was locally extinct from the late 19th century. However, in 1990 some birds were seen at the Mahia Peninsula. Coastliine surveys conducted in 2011 and 2021 found that numbers in the region had more than doubled over the ten year period, with 222 birds counted in 2021.[13]

Gallery

References

  1. ^ a b BirdLife International (2018). "Charadrius obscurus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T62290750A126893184. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T62290750A126893184.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.|date= / |doi= mismatch
  2. ^ Gmelin, Johann Friedrich (1789). Systema naturae per regna tria naturae : secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 1 (13th ed.). Lipsiae [Leipzig]: Georg. Emanuel. Beer. pp. 686–687.
  3. ^ Latham, John (1785). A General Synopsis of Birds. Vol. 3, Part 1. London: Printed for Leigh and Sotheby. p. 211.
  4. ^ Watola, George A. (2009). The Discovery of New Zealand’s Birds: the first record of every bird species in New Zealand since 1769 (PDF) (2nd ed.). Orewa, New Zealand: Arun Books. p. 122. ISBN 978-0-473-13540-9.
  5. ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 278. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  6. ^ dos Remedios, Natalie; et al. (2015). "North or south? Phylogenetic and biogeographic origins of a globally distributed avian clade" (PDF). Phylogenetics and Evolution. 89: 151–159. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.04.010. PMID 25916188.
  7. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2018). "Charadrius obscurus". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018. e.T62290750A126893184. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2017-3.rlts.t62290750a126893184.en.|date= / |doi= mismatch
  8. ^ Jones, Nicholas (22 December 2019). "Dotterels hatching: Beachgoers urged to take care around tiny Kiwi battlers". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 25 December 2019.
  9. ^ New Zealand, Department of Conservation (2020). "New Zealand Dotterels Brochure" (PDF). www.doc.gov.nz.
  10. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Charadrius aquilonius". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016. e.T62291168A95195909. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t62291168a95195909.en.
  11. ^ Dowding, John (1993). "Decline of the Stewart Island population of the New Zealand Dotterel". Notornis. 40 (1): 1–13.
  12. ^ McArthur, Nikki; Ray, Samantha; Crowe, Patrick; Bell, Mike (August 2019). A baseline survey of the indigenous bird values of the Wellington region coastline (PDF) (Report). p. 13.
  13. ^ Kitchin, Tom (15 May 2022). "Hawke's Bay tūturiwhatu population doubles over decade". RNZ. Retrieved 15 May 2022.
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New Zealand dotterel: Brief Summary ( İngilizce )

wikipedia EN tarafından sağlandı

The New Zealand dotterel (Charadrius obscurus) is a species of shorebird found only in certain areas of New Zealand. It is also called the New Zealand plover or red-breasted dotterel, and its Māori names include tūturiwhatu, pukunui, and kūkuruatu.

The southern subspecies of the New Zealand plover is considered critically endangered and was nearing extinction with about 75 individuals remaining in 1990. Conservation measures increased this to 250 by 2005, but a further decline has occurred since 2012 to an estimated 60–80 mature individuals in 2017.

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Charadrius obscurus ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

wikipedia ES tarafından sağlandı

El chorlito maorí o chorlitejo oscuro (Charadrius obscurus)[2][3]​ es una especie de ave de la familia Charadriidae nativo de Nueva Zelanda. Sus nombres en maorí incluye tūturiwhatu, pukunui y kūkuruatu. Está relacionado con el chorlito carambolo eurasiático (Charadrius morinellus).

Existen dos subespecies, C. o. obscurus en la isla del Sur y C. o. aquilonius en la isla Norte. Son aves limícolas, y por lo general se encuentran en playas y bancos de arena o alimentándose en estuarios intermareales. Hacia 1990 estaban cerca de la extinción con alrededor de 1300 ejemplares en la isla Norte y aproximadamente 75 en el sur, pero las medidas de conservación han sido eficaces aumentando estas cifras a 1700 y 250, respectivamente, para el año 2005.

Referencias

  1. BirdLife International (2012). «Charadrius obscurus». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2014.2 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 13 de octubre de 2014.
  2. Bernis, F; De Juana, E; Del Hoyo, J; Fernández-Cruz, M; Ferrer, X; Sáez-Royuela, R; Sargatal, J (1996). «Nombres en castellano de las aves del mundo recomendados por la Sociedad Española de Ornitología (Tercera parte: Opisthocomiformes, Gruiformes y Charadriiformes)». Ardeola. Handbook of the Birds of the World (Madrid: SEO/BirdLife) 43 (2): 231-238. ISSN 0570-7358. Consultado el 13 de octubre de 2014.
  3. «Chorlito Maorí (Charadrius obscurus) Gmelin, 1789». avibase. Consultado el 13 de octubre de 2014.

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Charadrius obscurus: Brief Summary ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

wikipedia ES tarafından sağlandı

El chorlito maorí o chorlitejo oscuro (Charadrius obscurus)​​ es una especie de ave de la familia Charadriidae nativo de Nueva Zelanda. Sus nombres en maorí incluye tūturiwhatu, pukunui y kūkuruatu. Está relacionado con el chorlito carambolo eurasiático (Charadrius morinellus).

Existen dos subespecies, C. o. obscurus en la isla del Sur y C. o. aquilonius en la isla Norte. Son aves limícolas, y por lo general se encuentran en playas y bancos de arena o alimentándose en estuarios intermareales. Hacia 1990 estaban cerca de la extinción con alrededor de 1300 ejemplares en la isla Norte y aproximadamente 75 en el sur, pero las medidas de conservación han sido eficaces aumentando estas cifras a 1700 y 250, respectivamente, para el año 2005.

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Charadrius obscurus ( Baskça )

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Charadrius obscurus Charadrius generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Charadriidae familian sailkatua dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. (Ingelesez)BirdLife International (2012) Species factsheet. www.birdlife.org webgunetitik jaitsia 2012/05/07an
  2. (Ingelesez) IOC Master List

Kanpo estekak

Ikus, gainera

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Charadrius obscurus: Brief Summary ( Baskça )

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Charadrius obscurus Charadrius generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Charadriidae familian sailkatua dago.

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Uudenseelanninkurmitsa ( Fince )

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Uudenseelanninkurmitsa (Charadrius obscurus) on Uuden-Seelanninn kotoperäinen kahlaaja. Sen rikkonainen elinympäristö käsittää Pohjoissaaren pohjoisosia, Eteläsaaren eteläkärjen sekä Stewartinsaaren. Lajin populaation koko on noin 2 000 yksilöä. Siitä tunnetaan kaksi alalajia. Sen holotyypin kuvaili Johann Friedrich Gmelin Eteläsaaren Dusky Soundista 1789.[2]

 src=
Uudenseelanninkurmitsan pesä

Lähteet

  1. BirdLife International: Charadrius obscurus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2017.3. 2017. International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, Iucnredlist.org. Viitattu 18.1.2018. (englanniksi)
  2. IBC (englanniksi)
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Uudenseelanninkurmitsa: Brief Summary ( Fince )

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Uudenseelanninkurmitsa (Charadrius obscurus) on Uuden-Seelanninn kotoperäinen kahlaaja. Sen rikkonainen elinympäristö käsittää Pohjoissaaren pohjoisosia, Eteläsaaren eteläkärjen sekä Stewartinsaaren. Lajin populaation koko on noin 2 000 yksilöä. Siitä tunnetaan kaksi alalajia. Sen holotyypin kuvaili Johann Friedrich Gmelin Eteläsaaren Dusky Soundista 1789.

 src= Uudenseelanninkurmitsan pesä
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Pluvier roux ( Fransızca )

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Charadrius obscurus

Le Pluvier roux (Charadrius obscurus) est une espèce de petits oiseaux limicoles de la famille des Charadriidae.

Espèce en voie de disparition, on le trouve seulement dans certaines régions de Nouvelle-Zélande. Ses noms maoris sont Tūturiwhatu, Pukunui et Kūkuruatu. Il est apparenté au Pluvier guignard.

Habitat

Ce sont des oiseaux de rivage qu'on trouve habituellement sur les plages de sable fin, les avancées de sable ou les estuaires.

Population et conservation

Ils sont en voie d'extinction avec environ 1300 pluviers sur l'île du Nord et environ 75 sur l'île du Sud.

Nidification

La femelle pond ses œufs au printemps et en été. Elle niche sur les plages au-dessus du niveau de la haute mer et le nid est juste un trou peu profond creusé dans le sol. Les poussins éclosent environ 28 jours après la ponte. Parce que les nids sont sur le sol, les poussins peuvent marcher le jour où ils éclosent et peuvent généralement s'envoler vers 6 à 8 semaines.

Galerie

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Pluvier roux: Brief Summary ( Fransızca )

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Charadrius obscurus

Le Pluvier roux (Charadrius obscurus) est une espèce de petits oiseaux limicoles de la famille des Charadriidae.

Espèce en voie de disparition, on le trouve seulement dans certaines régions de Nouvelle-Zélande. Ses noms maoris sont Tūturiwhatu, Pukunui et Kūkuruatu. Il est apparenté au Pluvier guignard.

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Charadrius obscurus ( İtalyanca )

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Il piviere della Nuova Zelanda (Charadrius obscurus, Gmelin 1789) è un uccello della famiglia dei Charadriidae.

Sistematica

Charadrius obscurus ha due sottospecie:

  • Charadrius obscurus obscurus
  • Charadrius obscurus aquilonius

Distribuzione e habitat

La sottospecie C. o. obscurus nidifica su Stewart Island e in genere lo si incontra nell'Isola del Sud, mentre C. o. aquilonius nidifica nella parte settentrionale dell'Isola del Nord.

Bibliografia

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Charadrius obscurus: Brief Summary ( İtalyanca )

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Il piviere della Nuova Zelanda (Charadrius obscurus, Gmelin 1789) è un uccello della famiglia dei Charadriidae.

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Rosse plevier ( Felemenkçe; Flemish )

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Vogels

De rosse plevier (Charadrius obscurus) is een waadvogel uit de familie van plevieren (Charadriidae). Het is een bedreigde, endemische vogelsoort in het zuiden van Nieuw-Zeeland

Kenmerken

De vogel is 25 cm lang en de grootste soort uit het geslacht Charadrius. De vogel heeft een wit voorhoofd, witachtige onderdelen en er loopt een donkere streep door het oog met daarboven een lichte wenkbrauwstreep die doorloopt tot het achterhoofd. In de broedtijd heeft het mannetje een roodbruine buik, bij het vrouwtje is het meer een rozige waas. De snavel is zwart en vrij fors, de poten zijn grijs.[2]

Verspreiding en leefgebied

Deze soort is endemisch in Nieuw-Zeeland en telt twee ondersoorten:

Vroeger had de vogel een veel groter verspreidingsgebied op beide eilanden. De vogel ging binnen 40 jaar met 80% in aantal achteruit (circa 4% per jaar). De vogel broedt nog maar op een paar plaatsen op kale heuveltoppen of schaars begroeide, open hoogvenen.[2]

Status

De rosse plevier heeft een beperkt verspreidingsgebied en daardoor is de kans op uitsterven aanwezig. De grootte van de populatie werd in 2014 door BirdLife International geschat op 160 tot 190 volwassen individuen en de populatie-aantallen nemen af. Het broedsucces wordt sterk verminderd door predatie door ingevoerde hermelijnen, katten en mogelijk ook ratten maar bovendien door inheemse predatoren als de kelpmeeuw. Om deze redenen staat deze soort als bedreigd op de Rode Lijst van de IUCN.[1]

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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Rosse plevier: Brief Summary ( Felemenkçe; Flemish )

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De rosse plevier (Charadrius obscurus) is een waadvogel uit de familie van plevieren (Charadriidae). Het is een bedreigde, endemische vogelsoort in het zuiden van Nieuw-Zeeland

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Rustbuklo ( Norveççe )

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Rustbuklo (Charadrius obscurus) er ein vadefugl som er endemisk til New Zealand og kan treffast fåtalig langs avgrensa delar av kysten på begge hovudøyane og på Stewart Island/Rakiura. Rustbuklo er ei relativt stor lo, ca. 25 centimeter med kroppssvekt på 160 gram, er dermed den største arten i den biologiske slekta Charadrius som òg femnar om den arktiske boltiten. Ho har relativt stort hovud, svart, kraftig nebb som er ein aning oppbøygd og litt korte, olivengrå bein.

Skildring

 src=
Hannfugl i hekkedrakt
Foto: Wikimedia-brukar Nz nature lover

Denne arten har fleire fjørdrakter, avhengig av sesong, underart, kjønn og alder. Generelt er underarten på Sørøya litt tyngre enn underarten på Nordøya. På Sørøya har rustbukloa òg kraftigare raudbrune farger i hekkedrakt. Hannar i hekkedrakt kan vere litt mørkare enn hofuglar.

Hekkedrakta har brun overside der fjørene er markerte med lysare, kvitaktige kantar. Undersida varierer frå bleik oransje med brungult til kraftig raudbrun. I vinterdrakta er oversida meir utprega bleik, gråbrun, men framleis med lysare fjørkantar. Undersida er kvit med eit utydleleg brystband i gråbrunt, ofte avgrensa til berre skuldrene. Juvenile fuglar har mindre iaugefallande fjørdrakt, med mørkebrune flekker på brystet og på kroppssidene.

Ein kan finne rustbukloa langs dei nordlege kystane av Nordøya, på Farewell Spit lengst nord på Sørøya, kystar av Southland og på Stewart Island/Rakiura. Habitata er estuar og elvemunningar. Det finst to hekkelokalitetar, over tregrensa på Stewart Island og på strender på nordlege Nordøya inkludert småøyar utanfor kysten. På Stewart Island gjer rustbukloer vertikale trekk ved at dei hekkar oppe på fjelltoppar og trekker ned til kysten, dels trekker dei òg nord til Farewell Spit og Southland etter hekking. Mange av dei som hekkar lengst nord er standfuglar, andre i nord trekker kort for å flokke seg ved estuar. Hekketida er frå august til februar.

I nord er reira enkle, grunne skraper i sand, i sør ligg reira over tregrensa, og er ei senking i særs låg vegetasjon eller steingrunn. I sør er reira fora med tørr vegetasjon. Kullet er vanlegvis på 3 egg. Klekkinga skjer etter ein månad og ungane kan flyge etter 6-7 veker. Dei er i det andre eller tredje leveåret når dei blir hekkefuglar, og det eldste kjente individet av rustbuklo blei over 31 år.

Dietten består av både marine og landbaserte virvellause dyr. Når dei beitar på sandstrender og mudderflater kan dei òg ta krabbar og småfisk. Fuglar som hekkar i høgtliggjande område på Stewart Island kan ete insekt, edderkoppar og makk.

Trugsmåla mot arten har vore innførte predatorar som villkattar på Stewart Island. På Nordøya inkluderer trugsmåla menneskeleg aktivitet. Stormar, høgt tidevatn og somme stader taremåse er trugsmål mot reir, egg og ungar. Arten har status som sterkt trua, og bestanden er estimert til ca. 2 000 individ (2008), og er trudd å vere aukande.[1]

Kjelder

Referansar

  1. BirdLife International 2013

Bakgrunnsstoff

Commons-logo.svg Wikimedia Commons har multimedia som gjeld: Rustbuklo
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Rustbuklo: Brief Summary ( Norveççe )

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Rustbuklo (Charadrius obscurus) er ein vadefugl som er endemisk til New Zealand og kan treffast fåtalig langs avgrensa delar av kysten på begge hovudøyane og på Stewart Island/Rakiura. Rustbuklo er ei relativt stor lo, ca. 25 centimeter med kroppssvekt på 160 gram, er dermed den største arten i den biologiske slekta Charadrius som òg femnar om den arktiske boltiten. Ho har relativt stort hovud, svart, kraftig nebb som er ein aning oppbøygd og litt korte, olivengrå bein.

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Sieweczka nowozelandzka ( Lehçe )

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Commons Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons
 src=
Charadrius obscurus

Sieweczka nowozelandzka (Charadrius obscurus) – gatunek ptaka z rodziny sieweczkowatych (Chradriidae). Jest zagrożonym gatunkiem, występuje tylko w niektórych obszarach Nowej Zelandii. Jej nazwy w języku maoryskim: Tūturiwhatu, Pukunui i Kūkuruatu, są związane z podobieństwem tego gatunku do morneli (sieweczek gniadych).

Zasięg, środowisko

Sieweczki nowozelandzkie są to ptaki brzegowe, zwykle można je znaleźć na piaszczystych plażach i wydmach lub kamienistych brzegach w ujściach rzek.

Sieweczki nowozelandzkie są bliskie wyginięcia, szacuje się (2008), że pozostało około 1300 sztuk na północy Nowej Zelandii i ok. 75 sztuk na południu.

Rozmnażanie

Rodzice składają jaja na wiosnę i latem. Budują gniazda na plażach z dala od wody. Samo gniazdo jest tylko płytką dziurą w ziemi bez gałązek jak typowe gniazdo na drzewie. Pisklęta wykluwają się po około 28 dniach od zniesienia jajek. Ponieważ gniazda są na ziemi, pisklęta mogą chodzić już w dniu wyklucia, a latają w ciągu 6-8 tygodni.

Przypisy

  1. Charadrius obscurus, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. Charadrius obscurus. Czerwona księga gatunków zagrożonych (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) (ang.).

Bibliografia

  • Charadrius obscurus [w:] The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species [online] [dostęp 2008-11-23] (ang.).

Linki zewnętrzne


p d e
Endemiczne ptaki Nowej ZelandiiGatunki lądowe Kiwi Perkozy Pelikanowe Blaszkodziobe Sokołowe Żurawiowe Siewkowe Gołębiowe Papugowe Kukułkowe Wróblowe Gatunki morskie Rurkonose Pingwiny
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Sieweczka nowozelandzka: Brief Summary ( Lehçe )

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 src= Charadrius obscurus

Sieweczka nowozelandzka (Charadrius obscurus) – gatunek ptaka z rodziny sieweczkowatych (Chradriidae). Jest zagrożonym gatunkiem, występuje tylko w niektórych obszarach Nowej Zelandii. Jej nazwy w języku maoryskim: Tūturiwhatu, Pukunui i Kūkuruatu, są związane z podobieństwem tego gatunku do morneli (sieweczek gniadych).

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Maoripipare ( İsveççe )

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Maoripipare[2] (Charadrius obscurus) är en fågel i familjen pipare inom ordningen vadarfåglar.[3]

Utbredning och systematik

Maoripiparen är endemisk för Nya Zeeland och delas upp i två underarter:[3]

  • Charadrius obscurus aquilonius – förekommer på Nordön.
  • Charadrius obscurus obscurus – förekommer på Stewartön.

Numera urskiljs underarten aquilonius som egen art av IUCN och Birdlife International, Charadrius aquilonius, vilket påverkar artens hotkategorisering (se nedan).

Genetiska studier tyder på att maoripiparen är nära släkt med snednäbb och därför bör placeras i släktet Anarhynchus.

Ekologi

Maoripiparen börjar vanligtvis häcka under sitt andra levnadsår och lägger vanligtvis tre ägg.[1] De båda underarterna uppvisar olika val av häckningshabitat. På Nordön häckar den vanligtvis på vidsträckta havsstränder, estuarier och på tidvattenstränder. På Stewartön häckar den istället på hög höjd på kala kullar, vid öppna mossar eller på tuvig gräsmarker.[1] Den lever främst av ryggradslösa djur.[1] Den äldsta kända individen blev åtminstone 31 år.[1]

Status och hot

Maoripiparen är en hotad fågelart. 2004 uppskattades antalet av den norra underarten aquilonius till 1700 individer och 2006 uppskattades obscurus till 270 individer.[1] Denna uppskattning är en ökning från tidigare uppskattningar. Eftersom IUCN betraktar de båda underarterna som skilda arter hotkategoriseras de var för sig, obscurus som akut hotad[1] och aquilonius som nära hotad[4]. Största hotet utgörs av predation från introducerade arter som exempelvis katt.

Bilder

Referenser

  1. ^ [a b c d e f g] Birdlife International 2014 Charadrius obscurus Från: IUCN 2014. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3 www.iucnredlist.org. Läst 2015-01-26.
  2. ^ Sveriges ornitologiska förening (2018) Officiella listan över svenska namn på världens fågelarter, läst 2018-02-14
  3. ^ [a b] Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood (2014) The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 6.9 http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download, läst 2015-01-01
  4. ^ Birdlife International 2014 Charadrius aquilonius Från: IUCN 2014. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3 www.iucnredlist.org. Läst 2015-01-26.

Externa länkar

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Maoripipare: Brief Summary ( İsveççe )

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Maoripipare (Charadrius obscurus) är en fågel i familjen pipare inom ordningen vadarfåglar.

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Charadrius obscurus ( Vietnamca )

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Charadrius obscurus là một loài chim trong họ Charadriidae.[2] Loài chim này là loài chim ven bờ và thường được tìm thấy trên các bãi cát và hố cát hoặc kiếm ăn trên các cửa sông thủy triều. Vào năm 1990, những con chim này đã gần tuyệt chủng với khoảng 1300 cá thể ở phía bắc và khoảng 75 cá thể ở phía nam, nhưng các biện pháp bảo tồn đã có hiệu quả trong việc nâng những con số này lên 1700 và 250 tương ứng vào năm 2005.

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ BirdLife International (2012). Charadrius obscurus. Sách Đỏ IUCN các loài bị đe dọa. Phiên bản 2013.2. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế. Truy cập ngày 26 tháng 11 năm 2013.
  2. ^ Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, B.L. Sullivan, C. L. Wood, and D. Roberson (2012). “The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 6.7.”. Truy cập ngày 19 tháng 12 năm 2012.

Tham khảo


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết Bộ Choi choi này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Charadrius obscurus: Brief Summary ( Vietnamca )

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Charadrius obscurus là một loài chim trong họ Charadriidae. Loài chim này là loài chim ven bờ và thường được tìm thấy trên các bãi cát và hố cát hoặc kiếm ăn trên các cửa sông thủy triều. Vào năm 1990, những con chim này đã gần tuyệt chủng với khoảng 1300 cá thể ở phía bắc và khoảng 75 cá thể ở phía nam, nhưng các biện pháp bảo tồn đã có hiệu quả trong việc nâng những con số này lên 1700 và 250 tương ứng vào năm 2005.

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Маорийский зуёк ( Rusça )

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Ambox outdated serious.svg
Информация в этой статье или некоторых её разделах устарела.
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Царство: Животные
Подцарство: Эуметазои
Без ранга: Вторичноротые
Подтип: Позвоночные
Инфратип: Челюстноротые
Надкласс: Четвероногие
Класс: Птицы
Подкласс: Настоящие птицы
Инфракласс: Новонёбные
Семейство: Ржанковые
Подсемейство: Ржанки
Род: Зуйки
Вид: Маорийский зуёк
Международное научное название

Charadrius obscurus Gmelin, 1789

Охранный статус Wikispecies-logo.svg
Систематика
на Викивидах
Commons-logo.svg
Изображения
на Викискладе
ITIS 176536NCBI 1424469EOL 1049098FW 143802

Маорийский зуёк[1] (лат. Charadrius obscurus) — вид птиц из семейства ржанковых. Обитает в Новой Зеландии, один подвид на Северном, а второй на Южном острове. МСОП присвоил маорийскому зуйку статус CR[2].

Маори называют эту птицу tūturiwhatu, pukunui или kūkuruatu.

Размножение

Откладывают яйца весной или летом. Гнездо представляет собой всего лишь неглубокую ямку на пляже, расположенную выше максимального уровня прилива.

Галерея

  •  src=

    Зрелый самец

  •  src=

    Яйца

  •  src=

    Рисунок птенца

Примечания

  1. Бёме Р. Л., Флинт В. Е. Пятиязычный словарь названий животных. Птицы. Латинский, русский, английский, немецкий, французский / Под общ. ред. акад. В. Е. Соколова. — М.: Рус. яз., «РУССО», 1994. — С. 70. — 2030 экз.ISBN 5-200-00643-0.
  2. BirdLife International. 2018. Charadrius obscurus (amended version of 2017 assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T62290750A126893184. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T62290750A126893184.en. Downloaded on 31 December 2018.
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Маорийский зуёк: Brief Summary ( Rusça )

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Маорийский зуёк (лат. Charadrius obscurus) — вид птиц из семейства ржанковых. Обитает в Новой Зеландии, один подвид на Северном, а второй на Южном острове. МСОП присвоил маорийскому зуйку статус CR.

Маори называют эту птицу tūturiwhatu, pukunui или kūkuruatu.

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ニュージーランドチドリ ( Japonca )

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ニュージーランドチドリ ニュージーランドチドリ
ニュージーランドチドリ(繁殖羽)
Charadrius obscurus
保全状況評価 ENDANGERED
(IUCN Red List Ver.3.1 (2001))
Status iucn3.1 EN.svg 分類 : 動物界 Animalia : 脊索動物門 Chordata 亜門 : 脊椎動物亜門 Vertebrata : 鳥綱 Aves : チドリ目 Charadriiformes 亜目 : チドリ亜目 Charadrii : チドリ科 Charadriidae : チドリ属 Charadrius : ニュージーランドチドリ
C. obscurus 学名 Charadrius obscurus Gmelin, 1789 和名 ニュージーランドチドリ 英名 New Zealand dotterel

ニュージーランドチドリCharadrius obscurus)は、チドリ目チドリ科チドリ属に分類される鳥類

分布[編集]

  • C. o. aquilonius

ニュージーランド北島固有亜種

  • C. o. obscurus

ニュージーランド(スチュアート島)固有亜種

形態[編集]

全長26-28cm。上面は灰褐色の羽毛で被われる。眼上部には白い眉状の斑紋(眉斑)が入る。

嘴の先端は分厚く、色彩は黒い。後肢の色彩はオレンジ色。

幼鳥は後肢の色彩が淡黄色。繁殖羽は胸部から腹部にかけてオレンジ色の羽毛で覆われるが、加齢に伴い色彩は淡くなる。非繁殖羽は胸部から腹部にかけて白い羽毛で覆われる。

分類[編集]

  • Charadrius obscurus aquilonius
  • Charadrius obscurus obscurus Gmelin, 1789

生態[編集]

海岸砂丘などに生息する。

食性は動物食で、昆虫軟体動物などを食べる。移動と静止を織り交ぜて素早く獲物に詰め寄り捕食するが、嘴や後肢で地面を探り獲物を探すこともある。

繁殖形態は卵生。基亜種は海岸、亜種C. o. aquiloniusは標高の高い場所で繁殖する。地表に巣を作り、8-翌1月に1回に2-3個の卵を産む。雌雄交代で抱卵し、抱卵期間は28-32日。寿命は14-19年。

人間との関係[編集]

開発による生息地の破壊、人為的に移入された動物(オコジョフクロギツネ、ネコ、ネズミ、ハリネズミなど)による捕食や植物による植生の変化、家畜による巣の破壊などにより生息数は激減している。以前は南島および周辺の島嶼にも分布していたが絶滅した。1993年における生息数は基亜種が65羽、亜種C. o. aquiloniusが1,400羽と推定されている。

画像[編集]

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関連項目[編集]

 src= ウィキスピーシーズにニュージーランドチドリに関する情報があります。

参考文献[編集]

  • 小原秀雄・浦本昌紀・太田英利・松井正文編著 『動物世界遺産 レッド・データ・アニマルズ8 太平洋、インド洋』、講談社2001年、72、194頁。

外部リンク[編集]

執筆の途中です この項目は、鳥類に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めていますポータル鳥類 - PJ鳥類)。
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ニュージーランドチドリ: Brief Summary ( Japonca )

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ニュージーランドチドリ(Charadrius obscurus)は、チドリ目チドリ科チドリ属に分類される鳥類

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