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Description ( İngilizce )

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The body of Hynobius stejnegeri is slender. The snout vent length of H. stejnegeri ranges averages 59.8 mm in males, and 61.7 mm in females. The head of H. stejnegeri is moderately depressed, and is longer than it is broad. There are 13 costal grooves present (Matsui et al. 2008).The limbs of H. stejnegeri are short and stout. The forelimbs and hind limbs are separated by two costal folds when adpressed. The fifth toe is very short, compared to other species in the Hynobius genus (Matsui et al. 2008). The tail is shorter than the trunk. It is vertically oval at its base and middle, and its is not keeled, gradually flattening to a round tip. There is no small protuberance at the anterior tip of the vent (Matsui et al. 2008).Hynobius stejnegeri has a distinct dorsal markings, which differentiates it from H. boulengeri and H. katoi, both of whom have nearly monotonous, dark-brown dorsum. Compared to three taiwanese species, H. arisanensis, H. formosanus, and H. sonani, H. stejnegeri has a markedly shorter vomerine tooth series (Matsui et al. 2008).The other four Japanese species, H. kimurae, H. naevius, H. okiensis, and H. ikioi are more similar in appearance to H. stejnegeri. However, H. okiensis has a posteriorly compressed tail that is longer than that of H. stejnegeri. In males, H. okiensis is also equipped with a small protuberance at the anterior tip of the vent, whereas H. stejnegeri lacks such a protuberance. Finally, H. okiensis has long, fragile limbs, whereas H. stejnegeri has short and stout limbs. Hynobius kimurae also differs from H. stejnegeri through its coloration. Hynobius kimurae has clear yellow spots on the dorsum and no markings on its flanks and ventral side. However, H. stejnegeri has brownish-white mottling on its dorsum and white lateral and ventral markings. Hynobius naevius is most similar to H. stejnegeri. However, H. naevius is larger in body size, and has a longer and less cylindrical tail than H. stejnegeri. They can also be differentiated by the vomerine tooth series, as H. naevius has a less deeply curved series. The coloration also differs slightly. The dorsum of H. naevius is bluish-purple, and lacks a mottling pattern, as opposed to the mottled reddish purple dorsum of H. stejnegeri. Additionally, H. naevius has pale white markings on its lateral side, whereas the white markings on H. stejnegeri are much more vivid (Matsui et al. 2008). Hynobius stejnegeri has a decidedly smaller body than H. ikioi. Their coloration is also clearly different, as H. ikioi has orange-yellow blotches on a black dorsum, while H. stejnegeri has brownish-white markings or white dots, on a reddish-purple dorsum. Hynobius ikioi also has a better-developed fifth toe, compared to the much smaller fifth toe of H. stejnegeri. Hynobius ikioi also has a much longer tail than H. stejnegeri, although their medial tail width and height do not differ much. The tail of H. ikioi is also compressed posteriorly, unlike that of H. stejnegeri (Matsui et al. 2017). In life, the dorsum of H. stejnegeri is reddish-purple in color, and has brownish-white mottling or white dots. White markings are present on the lateral and ventral sides. In preservative, the color is faded all over. The dorsum is light brown, and has discontinuous brownish-white markings, which tend to fuse on the tail. The ground color on the ventral side is lighter brown with continuous white markings (Matsui et al 2008).There appears to be some slight sexual dimorphism in H. stejnegeri. Females tend to have a slightly larger snout vent length, a longer trunk, and more numerous upper and lower jaw teeth. Males have a relatively larger head and longer limbs and tails (Matsui et al. 2008).There is also slight variation among different populations. Chibu-Kinki and Kyushu individuals have a longer vomerine tooth series and relatively shorter tails than Shikoku individuals. Some Shikoku and Kyushu samples have well-developed toes compared to samples from other districts. Shikoku individuals have fewer jaw teeth than other districts compared to Kyushu samples, and fewer vomerine teeth than Chubu-Kinki samples (Matsui et al. 2008).The species authority is: Dunn, E. R. 1923. "New species of Hynobius from Japan." Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th Series 12: 27–29.Phylogenetic analysis was done on the 12SrRNA and 16SrRNA genes of mtDNA using Bayesian inference. The analysis revealed differences among different species of Hynobius, with four species being especially close: Hynobius stejnegeri, H. kuishiensis, H. guttatus, and H. tsurugiensis. Each of the four species was monophyletic, and H. stejnegeri and H. kuishiensis formed a clade that is sister to the other two species: H. guttatus and H. tsurugiensis (Tominaga et al. 2019).Genetic analysis of the cyt b mitochondrial gene was done using Bayesian Inference on the other side of the Hynobius genus. This genetic analysis revealed that H. stejnegeri and H. naevius were sister to a clade formed by H. katoi and H. hirosei. These four species form a clade that is sister to H. shinichisatoi, H. osumiensis, H. amakusaensis, and H. ikioi (Nishikawa and Matsui et al. 2014). Hynobius stejnegeri was previously used to describe a species of Hynobius that was commonly called the “amber-colored salamander.” However, after a reevaluation of the genus in 2017, it was found that the amber-colored salamander did not actually match the description of H. stejnegeri that Dunn offered in 1923 (Matsui et al. 2017). As a result, a new name of H. ikioi was given to the amber-colored salamander. However in 1947, the name H. yatsui was given to the small-blotched salamander (Matsui et al. 2008), which was later revealed to be the species of this account. This posed a problem, since there were now two names that described the small-blotched salamander: H. stejnegeri and H. yatsui. The name H. yatsui was relegated as a subjective junior synonym of H. stejnegeri, so now the official name of the small-blotched salamander is indeed, H. stejnegeri (Matsui et al. 2017).

Referans

  • Dunn, E. R. (1923). ''Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th Series.'' New species of Hynobius from Japan, 12, 27-29.
  • Matsui, M., Angulo, A. 2009. ''Hynobius yatsui''. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2009: e.T163493A5609591. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009-2.RLTS.T163493A5609591.en. Downloaded on 30 October 2020.
  • Matsui, M., Nishikawa, K., Tominaga, A. (2017). ''Taxonomic relationships of Hynobius stejnegeri and H. yatsui, with description of the amber-colored salamander from Kyushu, Japan (amphibia: caudata).'' Zoological Science, 34(6)(538-545), 8.
  • Matsui, M., Tominaga, A. (2008). ''Taxonomic status of a salamander species allied to Hynobius naevius and a reevaluation of Hynobius naevius yatsui Oyama, 1947 (Amphibia, Caudata).'' Zoological Science, 25(1), 107-114.
  • Nishikawa, K., Matsui, M. (2014). ''Three new species of the salamander genus Hynobius (Amphibia, Urodela, Hynobiidae) from Kyushu, Japan.'' Zootaxa, 3852(2), 203-226.
  • Tominaga, A., Matsui, M., Tanabe, S., Nishikawa, K. (2019). ''A revision of Hynobius stejnegeri, a lotic breeding salamander from western Japan, with a description of three new species (Amphibia, Caudata, Hynobiidae).'' Zootaxa, 4651, 401-433.

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Alice Drozd

Distribution and Habitat ( İngilizce )

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Hynobius stejnegeri, at the time of its description, was known from the western part of Japan: the Chubu-Kinki Districts, with the exception of the Kyoto and Hyogo Prefectures, the Shikoku District, and the Kyushu Districts, with the exception of the Saga and Nagasaki Prefectures (Sparreboom 2014).
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Alice Drozd

Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors ( İngilizce )

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Although H. stejnegeri is listed as "Least Concern" on the IUCN Red List because of its wide range and large population, the species is experiencing habitat loss in the southernmost part of its range (Matsui and Angelo 2009).
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Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors ( İngilizce )

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The breeding season of H. stejnegeri is in early May in Chubu, and from late May to June in Shikoku (Matsui et al. 2008).Despite extensive surveys of the Kyushu Districts, few egg sacs and larvae have been found in nature. In the Shikoku and Chubu Districts, the eggs of H. stejnegeri are found in very small, underground streams, where larvae hatch and metamorphose without feeding. The clutch sizes of seven female individuals ranged from 7 to 19, with a median of 14. The diameters of the ova from the females ranged from 4.6 to 5.0 mm, with an average of 4.66 mm (Matsui et al. 2008). The ova in the females is unpigmented (Matsui et al. 2008).Hynobius stejnegeri occurs synoptically with H. naevius in northeastern to central Kyushu, with H. kimurae in Chubu and northern Kinki, with H. boulengeri in southern Kinki, Shikoku, and central Kyushu, and with H. ikioi from central to southwestern Kyushu. However, in all of these species, larval growth and oviposition occur in relatively wide, open montane streams, unlike in H. stejnegeri (Matsui et al. 2008).
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Amber-colored salamander ( İngilizce )

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The amber salamander, amber-colored salamander, tortoiseshell salamander, or Stejneger's oriental salamander (Hynobius stejnegeri) is a species of salamander in the family Hynobiidae, endemic to Japan.[3] Its natural habitats are temperate forests and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.[1]

Physical characteristics

As its name suggests, the external appearance is that of semitransparent blackish brown ground color, blotched with bright amber. Its ventral surface is lighter and without blotches.[4] The amber salamander has a snout-to-vent length of 76–85 mm and a total length of 137–155 mm. However, individuals have been reported to have been nearly 200 mm in length.[5] The head appears to be oval when viewed from above and the eyes are prominent, and a gular fold is present. It has a robust and cylindrical body with 13 to 14 costal grooves.[6][7] It is similar to Hynobius kimurae in color, but has only four toes, a longer series of vomerine teeth, and a longer body.[2][8]

Taxonomy

According to a recent study led by Matsui, Nishikawa and Tominaga, Hynobius stejnegeri and Hynobius yatsui are identical. The name H. yatsui is therefore relegated to a subjective junior synonym of H. stejnegeri. According to the same study, a population of Hynobius stejnegeri from Kyushu should be treated as a new species Hynobius ikioi.[9]

Habitat and ecology

This species of salamander is found only in Kyushu, Japan, and is distributed among the mountainous areas of the prefectures of Kumamoto, Miyazaki, and Northern Kagoshima.[1][4] The various regional populations of the amber salamanders are separated by a number of geographic barriers, including the Gokase River and the Aso Volcano, the Kirishima Volcano, and the Yatsushiro Sea.[10] It can be found in both terrestrial (land) and freshwater ecosystems.[1] Its land habitat is located in temperate forests which consist of mountainous areas of broad-leaved, evergreen forests, as well as mixed forests.[1][8] The freshwater habitat is located in wetlands of permanent rivers, streams, and creeks, including waterfalls.[1] Habitats have been discovered in and around mountainous streams at altitudes ranging from 500–1500 m.[10] They return to upstream areas to breed, and this is also where the larvae develop.[4] Their diets are made up of insects, spiders, worms, aquatic insect larvae, and crustaceans, and they have been known to resort to cannibalism.[10] The unique possible cryptic coloration is hypothesized to act as a camouflage among fallen leaves. If the color pattern is an effective deterrent from predators, then this characteristic is likely due to strong selection.[10] A genetic variance of 4% was found to be due to phenological circumstances in the populations of amber salamander between two regions separated by geographic isolation.[10]

Behavior

The egg sacs produced by the males are quite long, ranging from 17 to 30 cm and differ from other species of the same genus, Hynobius boulengeri, by not having the prominent whip-like formation on the free end.[8] Each clutch ranges from 21–57 eggs, and the female remains close to her clutch until the eggs have hatched.[5] The hatched larvae are a yellowish color and the fingers and toes sport black claws.[8] These larvae undergo a metamorphosis while living in the stream, and emerge in September and October of the same year they are laid, but many wintering larvae remain in the stream until spring or summer of the following year when they emerge.[5][8]

Threats

The amber salamander is harmed by hunting and trapping, logging, and wood harvesting.[1] Major threats also include the construction of roads, deforestation, erosion, and pollution. The amber salamander is also used for medicine and food.[1][5] H. stejnegeri is also used in the medical field of comparative hepatology.[11] In an experiment, when the mother was removed, the eggs vanished, presumably eaten by freshwater crabs or some other predator.[4][6] This suggests survival of the larvae is contingent on the mother's protection.

Conservation

The extent of occurrence is less than 20,000 km2, the species are fragmented in distribution, regionally only in Japan, with a continuing decline in the extent and quality of their habitat.[1] The amber salamander was considered near threatened by the Environment Agency of Japan in 2000.[8] It was determined near threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in 2021.[1] Now, the amber salamander is on the Earth's Endangered Creatures List.[12] It is designated a natural monument by Kumamoto Prefecture. There is a need to ensure the capture of this species from the wild is managed in a sustainable way.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2021). "Hynobius stejnegeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T177960108A177504137. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T177960108A177504137.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b Dunn, E.R. (1923). "The salamanders of the family Hynobiidae". Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 58 (13): 445–523. doi:10.2307/20026019. JSTOR 20026019.
  3. ^ Frost, Darrel R. (2015). "Hynobius stejnegeri Dunn, 1923". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 29 August 2015.
  4. ^ a b c d Facts about Amber-coloured Salamander (Hynobius stejnegeri). Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved Oct 25, 2012
  5. ^ a b c d Winters, N. (2006–1207). AmphibiaWeb – Hynobius stejnegeri. Retrieved Oct 25, 2012
  6. ^ a b Goris, R.C. and Maeda, N. (2004). Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Japan. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida ISBN 1-57524-085-8.
  7. ^ Thorn, R., (1969). Les salamandres d’Europe, d’Asie et d’Afrique du Nord. Editions Paul Lechevalier, Paris.
  8. ^ a b c d e f Sparreboom, M. (2011-03-14). Science. naturalis – stejnegeri. Retrieved Oct 25, 2012
  9. ^ Matsui, M.; Nishikawa, K.; Tominaga, A. (2017). "Taxonomic relationships of Hynobius stejnegeri and H. yatsui, with description of the amber-colored salamander from Kyushu, Japan (Amphibia: Caudata)". Zoological Science. 34 (6): 538–545. doi:10.2108/zs170038. PMID 29219040.
  10. ^ a b c d e Nishikawa, K.; Matsui, M. & Tanabe, S. (2005). "Biochemical phylogenetics and historical biogeography of Hynobius boulengeri and H. stejnegeri (Amphibia: Caudata) from the Kyushu Region, Japan". Herpetologica. 61: 54. doi:10.1655/03-89.
  11. ^ Akiyoshi, H. & Inoue, A. M. (2012). "Comparative histological study of hepatic architecture in the three orders amphibian livers". Comparative Hepatology. 11: 2. doi:10.1186/1476-5926-11-2. PMC 3517316. PMID 22905994.
  12. ^ Glenn, C. R. (2006). Earth's Endangered Creatures – Worldwide Endangered Species List – Animals. Retrieved Oct 25, 2012
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Amber-colored salamander: Brief Summary ( İngilizce )

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The amber salamander, amber-colored salamander, tortoiseshell salamander, or Stejneger's oriental salamander (Hynobius stejnegeri) is a species of salamander in the family Hynobiidae, endemic to Japan. Its natural habitats are temperate forests and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.

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Hynobius stejnegeri ( Baskça )

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Hynobius stejnegeri Hynobius generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Hynobiidae familian sailkatuta dago, Caudata ordenan.

Erreferentziak

Ikus, gainera

Kanpo estekak

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Hynobius stejnegeri: Brief Summary ( Baskça )

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Hynobius stejnegeri Hynobius generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Hynobiidae familian sailkatuta dago, Caudata ordenan.

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Hynobius yatsui ( Baskça )

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Hynobius yatsui Hynobius generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Hynobiidae familian sailkatuta dago, Caudata ordenan.

Erreferentziak

Ikus, gainera

Kanpo estekak

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Hynobius yatsui: Brief Summary ( Baskça )

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Hynobius yatsui Hynobius generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Hynobiidae familian sailkatuta dago, Caudata ordenan.

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Hynobius stejnegeri ( Fransızca )

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Hynobius stejnegeri est une espèce d'urodèles de la famille des Hynobiidae[1].

Répartition

Cette espèce est endémique de Kyūshū au Japon. Elle se rencontre dans les préfectures de Kumamoto, de Miyazaki et de Kagoshima vers 1 000 m d'altitude[1].

Description

Hynobius abei mesure de 76 à 85 mm sans la queue et de 137 à 155 mm de longueur totale[2].

Étymologie

Cette espèce est nommée en l'honneur de Leonhard Hess Stejneger.

Publication originale

  • Dunn, 1923 : New species of Hynobius from Japan. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, sér. 4, vol. 12, p. 27-29 (texte intégral).

Notes et références

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Hynobius stejnegeri: Brief Summary ( Fransızca )

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Hynobius stejnegeri est une espèce d'urodèles de la famille des Hynobiidae.

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Hynobius stejnegeri ( Felemenkçe; Flemish )

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Herpetologie

Hynobius stejnegeri is een salamander uit de familie Aziatische landsalamanders (Hynobiidae). De soort werd voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door Emmett Reid Dunn in 1923.[2]

Uiterlijke kenmerken

Hynobius stejnegeri kan tot 15 centimeter lang worden, de lichaamskleur is meestal donkerbruin tot zwart met over het hele lijf lichtere, streepachtige gele tot witte vlekjes; de buik is wit en de bovenzijde van de staart bij volwassen exemplaren is meestal geel aan de bovenzijde. Het zijn gedrongen dieren met een korte, zijdelings afgeplatte staart en grove kop en meestal rode tot oranje ogen.

Verspreiding en habitat

De salamander komt voor in Azië en leeft endemisch in Japan.[3] De habitat bestaat uit koele bergbeken met lage temperaturen in bergachtige streken. Het is een sloom dier dat insecten en kleine weekdieren eet in de blader- of moslaag op de oevers van stroompjes. De salamander is overwegend landbewonend en schuilt onder stenen of omgevallen boomstammen.

Voortplanting

Zoals bij veel soorten salamanders vindt de voortplanting volledig uitwendig plaats; na een kort paringsritueel laat het mannetje een zaadpakketje achter dat door een vrouwtje wordt opgenomen. De eitjes worden in een worst-achtige streng opgehangen boven het waterpeil in rotsspleten, scheuren in de bodem en dergelijke tijdelijke watertjes.

Bronvermelding

Referenties
  1. (en) Hynobius stejnegeri op de IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  2. Darrel R. Frost - Amphibian Species of the World: an online reference - Version 6.0 - American Museum of Natural History, Hynobius stejnegeri.
  3. University of California - AmphibiaWeb, Hynobius stejnegeri.
Bronnen
  • (en) - Darrel R. Frost - Amphibian Species of the World: an online reference - Version 6.0 - American Museum of Natural History - Hynobius stejnegeri - Website Geconsulteerd 13 maart 2017
  • (en) - University of California - AmphibiaWeb - Hynobius stejnegeri - Website
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Hynobius stejnegeri: Brief Summary ( Felemenkçe; Flemish )

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Hynobius stejnegeri is een salamander uit de familie Aziatische landsalamanders (Hynobiidae). De soort werd voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door Emmett Reid Dunn in 1923.

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Hynobius stejnegeri ( Portekizce )

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Hynobius stejnegeri é uma espécie de anfíbio caudado pertencente à família Hynobiidae. Endêmica do Japão.

Referências

  • Kaneko, Y.; Matsui, M. 2004. Hynobius stejnegeri. In: IUCN 2007. 2007 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. . Acessado em 7 de setembro de 2008.
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Hynobius stejnegeri: Brief Summary ( Portekizce )

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Hynobius stejnegeri é uma espécie de anfíbio caudado pertencente à família Hynobiidae. Endêmica do Japão.

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Hynobius stejnegeri ( Vietnamca )

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Hynobius stejnegeri (tên tiếng Anh: Amber-coloured Salamander) là một loài kỳ giông thuộc họ Hynobiidae. Đây là loài đặc hữu của Nhật Bản. Môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là rừng ôn đới và sông ngòi. Chúng hiện đang bị đe dọa vì mất môi trường sống.

Tham khảo

  1. ^ Yoshio Kaneko, Masafumi Matsui (2004). Hynobius stejnegeri. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2.
  2. ^ Dunn, E.R. (1923). “The Salamanders of the Family Hynobiidae”. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. 58 (13): 445–523. JSTOR 20026019. doi:10.2307/20026019.


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Hynobius stejnegeri: Brief Summary ( Vietnamca )

wikipedia VI tarafından sağlandı

Hynobius stejnegeri (tên tiếng Anh: Amber-coloured Salamander) là một loài kỳ giông thuộc họ Hynobiidae. Đây là loài đặc hữu của Nhật Bản. Môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là rừng ôn đới và sông ngòi. Chúng hiện đang bị đe dọa vì mất môi trường sống.

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ベッコウサンショウウオ ( Japonca )

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Camera-photo Upload.svg 画像提供依頼:画像全般の画像提供をお願いします。2009年8月 ベッコウサンショウウオ 保全状況評価[1][注釈 1] VULNERABLE
(IUCN Red List Ver.3.1 (2001))
Status iucn3.1 VU.svg 分類 : 動物界 Animalia : 脊索動物門 Chordata 亜門 : 脊椎動物亜門 Vertebrata : 両生綱 Amphibia : 有尾目 Caudata/Urodela : サンショウウオ科 Hynobiidae : サンショウウオ属 Hynobius : ベッコウサンショウウオ
H. ikioi 学名 Hynobius ikioi
Matsui, Nishikawa, & Tominaga, 2017[2][3][4] 和名 ベッコウサンショウウオ[3][5] 英名 Amber-coloured salamander[5]

ベッコウサンショウウオHynobius ikioi)は、両生綱有尾目サンショウウオ科サンショウウオ属に分類される有尾類。

分布[編集]

日本阿蘇山系以南・霧島山系以北の鹿児島県北部、熊本県宮崎県固有種[5]

形態[編集]

全長13.7 - 15.9センチメートル[5]。体側面に入る皺(肋条)は左右に12本ずつ[5]。尾は太く基部が円筒形だが、先端は側偏する[5]。体色は黒褐色で、黄色い斑紋が入る[5]

上顎中央部に並ぶ歯の列(鋤骨歯列)は切れこみの深いアルファベットの「V」字状[5]。胴体に沿って前肢(および指)を後方へ後肢(および趾)を前方に伸ばすと、肋条2 - 3.5程度の隙間がある[5]。後肢の趾は5本[5]

分類[編集]

サンショウウオ属内ではオオダイガハラサンショウウオの祖母傾山個体群(現ソボサンショウウオHynobius shinichisatoi)に近縁とされる[5]

以前は本種の学名はHynobius stejnegeriとされていた[5]。近年の調査によりH. stejnegeriの模式標本は本種ではなく、コガタブチサンショウウオHynobius yatsuiとされていたが)であることが判明した[4]。これに伴いコガタブチサンショウウオの学名がH. stejnegeriH. yatsuiはシノニムとされる)となり本種は未記載種となったが、2017年に新種記載された[4]

生態[編集]

標高500 - 1,500メートルにある幅0.5 - 2メートルほどの渓流源流域およびその周辺にある斜面に生息する[5]

昆虫クモミミズなどを食べる[5]。幼生はカゲロウ・トビケラ類の水生昆虫の幼虫やヨコエビ類などの甲殻類などを食べ、共食いも行う[5]

繁殖様式は卵生。4 - 5月上旬に底質が砂や礫で、倒木や岩などで日の当たらない淀みなどで産卵する[5]。21 - 57個の卵を産む[5]。5月頃に卵から孵化する[5]。7 - 9月に変態し幼体になるが、幼生のまま水中で越冬し翌年の4月に変態する個体もいる[5]。飼育下ではメスが変態後4年で性成熟した例がある[5]。飼育下では4 - 5年以上の生存例もある[5]

人間との関係[編集]

森林伐採、薪の採取、水力発電による渇水、林道建設、植林などによる生息地の破壊などにより生息数は減少している[5]。食用やペット用の採集も懸念されている[5]。熊本県の天然記念物、鹿児島県および宮崎県の指定希少野生動植物に指定されている[5]

絶滅危惧II類 (VU)環境省レッドリスト[5][注釈 2]
Status jenv VU.svg

注釈[編集]

[ヘルプ]
  1. ^ IUCNレッドデータはHynobius stejnegeriとして判定
  2. ^ 環境省レッドリストもHynobius stejnegeriとして判定

出典[編集]

  1. ^ Yoshio Kaneko, Masafumi Matsui. 2004. Hynobius stejnegeri. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2004: e.T10617A3205733. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T10617A3205733.en. Downloaded on 31 March 2018.
  2. ^ Hynobius ikioi. Frost, Darrel R. 2018. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 (Date of access). Electronic Database accessible at http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.html. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. (Accessed: 31/03/2018)
  3. ^ a b 日本爬虫両棲類学会 (2017) 日本産爬虫両生類標準和名リスト(2017年12月9日版). http://herpetology.jp/wamei/ (2018年3月31日閲覧)
  4. ^ a b c Masafumi Matsui, Kanto Nishikawa, Atsushi Tominaga, "Taxonomic relationships of Hynobius stejnegeri and H. yatsui, with description of the Amber-Colored Salamander from Kyushu, Japan (Amphibia: Caudata)," Zoological Science, Volume 34, Issue 6, The Zoological Society of Japan, Tokyo, 2017, Pages 538-545.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y 松井正文 「ベッコウサンショウウオ」『レッドデータブック2014 -日本の絶滅のおそれのある野生動物-3 爬虫類・両生類』環境省自然環境局野生生物課希少種保全推進室編、株式会社ぎょうせい2014年、96-97頁。
  • 千石正一監修 長坂拓也編著 『爬虫類・両生類800種図鑑 第3版』、ピーシーズ、2002年、294頁。
  • 深田祝監修 T.R.ハリディ、K.アドラー編 『動物大百科12 両生・爬虫類』、平凡社1986年、68頁。
  • 『小学館の図鑑NEO 両生類・はちゅう類』、小学館2004年、19頁。

関連項目[編集]

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ベッコウサンショウウオ: Brief Summary ( Japonca )

wikipedia 日本語 tarafından sağlandı

ベッコウサンショウウオ(Hynobius ikioi)は、両生綱有尾目サンショウウオ科サンショウウオ属に分類される有尾類。

lisans
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telif hakkı
ウィキペディアの著者と編集者